Essay text:
Mind and heart are two substances, often having nothing in common with each other and even conflicting with each other. Why do some people tend to weigh their every decision and look for a logical justification in everything, while others do their actions solely on a hunch, as their heart tells them? Many writers thought about this, for example, Leo Tolstoy, who attached great importance to what guides his characters in their actions. At the same time, he did not hide the fact that people of the soul are much dearer to him. It seems to me that I. A. Goncharov, paying tribute to the work of the mind in his heroes, appreciated the work of the heart in them more. N. A. Dobrolyubov considered Goncharov’s characteristic feature as an artist that he is not amazed by one side of the object, by one moment of the event, but by turning the object from all sides, waiting for the completion of all moments of the phenomenon. The characters of the heroes are revealed in the novel with all their inherent contradictions. So, the main character, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, has a lot of shortcomings; he is lazy, apathetic, inert. However, it also has positive features. Nature fully endowed Oblomov with the ability to think and feel.
Dobrolyubov wrote about it this way: Oblomov is not a dull, apathetic nature, without aspirations and feelings, but a person who is also looking for something in his life, thinking about something. The novel speaks more than once about the kindness, kindness, conscientiousness of Oblomov. Introducing us to his hero, Goncharov writes that his softness was the dominant and main expression, not only of his face, but of his whole soul. And further: A superficially observant, cold person, glancing casually at Oblomov, would say: "There must be a kind man, simplicity!" A deeper and more sympathetic person, peering into his face for a long time, would walk away in pleasant thought, with a smile. What could cause people to smile thoughtfully at the mere sight of this man? I think this is due to the feeling of warmth, cordiality and poetic nature of Oblomov: His heart is like a well, deep. Stolz is a man who is completely opposite in temperament, admires the spiritual qualities of a friend. There is no heart cleaner, lighter and simpler! he exclaims. Stolz and Oblomov have been friends since childhood. They love each other very much, but at the same time there is some internal conflict between them. Even, rather, not a conflict, but a dispute between two completely different people. One of them is active and practical, and the other is lazy and careless. Stolz is constantly horrified by the lifestyle of his friend. He tries with all his might to help Oblomov, to pull him out of this swamp of idleness, which mercilessly sucks him into his depths. Stolz is a faithful and devoted friend of Oblomov, ready to help him in word and deed. It seems to me that only truly kind people are capable of this. Therefore, I am not inclined to consider Stolz only as a rationalist and pragmatist. In my opinion, Stolz is a kind person, and he is active in his kindness, and does not get off with sympathy alone. Oblomov is different. He, of course, is not alien to universal human sorrows, the pleasures of lofty thoughts are available to him. But after all, in order to bring these lofty thoughts to life, you need to at least get off the couch. Oblomov is no longer capable of this. The reason for the complete dissimilarity of the characters of the two friends is their completely different upbringing. Little Ilyusha Oblomov was from childhood surrounded by boundless love, affection and exorbitant care. Parents tried to protect him not only from some troubles, but also from all types of activities. Even in order to put on stockings, it was necessary to call Zakhar. Education was also not given much importance, and as a result, the naturally gifted boy had irreparable gaps in education for the rest of his life. His curiosity was ruined, but the measured and calm life in Oblomovka awakened dreaminess and gentleness in him. The gentle nature of Ilyusha Oblomov was also influenced by the Central Russian nature with the leisurely flow of rivers, with the great tranquility of fields and vast forests. Andrei Stolz was brought up in a completely different way. His education was handled by a German father, who took his son's deep knowledge very seriously. He sought to educate Andryusha, above all, industriousness. Stoltz began to study at an early age: he sat with his father over a geographical map, parsed Bible verses, taught Krylov's fables. From the age of 14-15, he already independently traveled with his father's orders, and carried them out accurately, never confusing anything. If we talk about education, then, of course, Stolz went far ahead of his friend. But as for the natural mind, Oblomov was not at all deprived of it. Stolz tells Olga that in Oblomov there is no less intelligence than others, only he burrows, he is littered with all sorts of rubbish and fell asleep in idleness. Olga, it seems to me, fell in love with Oblomov precisely in his soul. And although Oblomov betrayed their love, unable to break out of the shackles of familiar life, Olga never managed to forget him. She was already married to Stolz and, it would seem, lived happily, but she kept asking herself what she asks from time to time, what her soul is looking for, but she only asks and looks for something, it’s even scary to say she yearns. I understand where her soul was torn to meet the same dear and close soul. Stolz, with all his virtues of intelligence, energy and determination, could not give Olga the happiness that she experienced with Oblomov. Oblomov, despite all his laziness, inertia and other shortcomings, left an indelible mark on the soul of an outstanding and talented woman. Thus, after reading the novel, the impression remains that Goncharov is closer to Oblomov with his rich and tender soul. Ilya Ilyich had an amazing property: he knew how to arouse the love of others, seemingly without giving anything in return. But thanks to him, people discovered their best qualities in themselves: gentleness, kindness, poetry. This means that people like Oblomov are necessary, if only to make this world more beautiful and richer.
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Part 1. What is feeling and what is mind on the example of Oblomov
Part 2. What controls Oblomov
Feeling and reason are two main components in a person's life, which always go hand in hand, but at the same time conflict with each other, because they have nothing in common. A person always sets himself the most difficult choice: listen to the dictates of the heart, succumb to feelings, or act according to reason, think and weigh every decision? Some people try to explain their actions, looking for a logical basis for their decisions.
Other people simply let go of the situation and do things without looking for some explanation for them, but only, as the heart tells, feelings.
As it may seem at first glance, the protagonist of I. A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is a lazy, inert person. But at the same time, Ilya Ilyich has qualities that are not available to many people. He thinks and feels a lot. Oblomov is a person in whom feelings and reason are in constant interaction.
In the novel, on the example of numerous situations, it can be said that Oblomov is a kind and gentle person. I. A. Goncharov writes that Oblomov's softness "was the dominant and main expression, not only of the face, but of the whole soul." He also wrote: “A superficially observant, cold person, glancing casually at Oblomov, would say:“ There must be a kind man, simplicity! A deeper and more sympathetic person, looking into his face for a long time, would walk away in pleasant thought, with a smile. All these qualities of Oblomov (kindness, innocence) indicate that this person for the most part has such a quality as feeling, since only a person with a kind and pure heart can sincerely feel and understand people.
Oblomov's best friend is Stolz, an absolutely opposite character. But he is very delighted with the qualities of his friend: "There is no heart purer, brighter and simpler!" Stoltz said. Friends have been friends since childhood, love and respect each other. However, Stolz's personality traits are the opposite of Oblomov's. Stolz is a practical, energetic, active person who often goes out into the world. By all these qualities, one can judge Stolz as a person who, most often in his life, is guided precisely by reason, rather than yielding to the will of the senses. Therefore, there is a certain conflict between Stolz and Oblomov. Stolz, of course, respects the sensual nature of his friend, but Oblomov's laziness and inaction greatly resent him. Every time he is horrified by the kind of life Oblomov leads. It is hard for Stolz to watch how his best friend is “sucked in” deeper and deeper by a life filled only with memories of those happy childhood days spent in Oblomovka. Ilya Ilyich does not live a real life, but is buried in happy memories that warm the soul. Stolz, seeing this, wants to help a friend. He begins to bring Oblomov out into the world, takes him to visit different houses. For a while, life returns to Oblomov, as if Stolz gave him part of his seething energy. Ilya Ilyich gets up again in the morning, reads, writes, takes an interest in what is happening. Only those who sincerely love and respect their friend are capable of such actions. And these qualities are inherent in a person who has a heart, who knows how to feel. Thus, Stolz combines both components of feeling and reason, where the latter prevails to a greater extent.
One cannot say about Oblomov as a person who is guided only by feeling, it’s just that this quality prevails significantly. Ilya Ilyich was not deprived of reason and intelligence, although he was inferior in education to his friend, Stolz. Stolz told Olga that in Oblomov "there is no less intelligence than others, only it is closed, it is littered with all sorts of rubbish and fell asleep in idleness."
Still, to a greater extent, Oblomov is controlled by feeling. The reasons that Oblomov became just such a person must be sought in Ilya's childhood, in his upbringing. Little Ilyusha was surrounded by immense love and care from early childhood. Parents tried to protect their child from any problems, as well as from any activity. Even to put on stockings, I had to call Zakhar. Ilyusha was also not forced to study, so there were some gaps in education. Such a carefree and calm life in his native Oblomovka awakened dreaminess and gentleness in Ilya. It was these qualities that Olga in Oblomov fell in love with. She loved his soul. Nevertheless, Olga, already married to Stolz, sometimes asked herself, “what does it sometimes ask for, what does the soul search for, but only asks and searches for something, even as if, it’s scary to say, it yearns.” Most likely, Olga missed Oblomov's soul mate, because Stolz, for all his virtues, did not give that spiritual closeness that united Olga and Oblomov.
Thus, using the example of two friends, Oblomov and Stolz, it is clear that one is more controlled by feeling, and the other by reason. But, despite these two opposite qualities, friends still loved and respected each other.
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Preparation for the final essay in the direction of "Reason and Feeling" Teacher of the Russian language and literature, GAPOU IOC named after. V. Talalikhina Lodygina A.V. Moscow, 2016
"mind and feeling" The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as the two most important components of a person's inner world, which influence his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in complex confrontation, which constitutes the internal conflict of the personality. The theme of reason and feeling is interesting for writers of different cultures and eras: the heroes of literary works often face a choice between the command of feeling and the prompting of reason.
Mind Feeling Mind Reason Common sense Intellect Reasoning Thinking abilities The ability to feel the truth 1. The highest level of human cognitive activity, the ability to think logically and creatively, to generalize the results of knowledge. // Product of brain activity expressed in speech. 2. Mind, intellect (opposite: feeling). // Sanity. Sensation Impression Emotion Soul impulse Experience Passion Heart inclination Attraction Infatuation 1. The ability of a living being to perceive external impressions. 2. The very process of feeling, perceiving something. 3. The psychophysical state of a living being, what it experiences, feels, what is included in the content of its spiritual life. 4. open Love experienced by Keml. to smb. // Excitement, elation, impulse.
Reason Feeling A person can be: Insensitive, unreceptive, rational, prudent, seeing through, aware, understanding, strong-willed, thinking, selfish, reasonable, far-sighted, educated. A person can be: Touching, sensitive, vulnerable, sentimental, sensitive, receptive, impressionable, responsive, emotional, sincere, intoxicated, easily hurt.
Theme Works episodes What does it mean to have noble feelings? What are true feelings? What is the power of human feeling? Yu.M. Nagibin "Old Turtle" A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" Eduard Asadov "The Ballad of Hatred and Love" The boy experienced noble feelings when he woke up with a sense of responsibility for another. He was able to correct his mistake: he returned Masha home. Olesya loves Ivan Timofeevich sincerely, deeply - this is her amazing strength. Thanks to the strength of her love, she is able to sacrifice her convictions for Ivan Timofeevich: Olesya goes to church being convinced that she is a witch. Feelings that create and destroy Yu.M. Nagibin "Old Turtle" A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Destructive feeling. The passionate desire to have small funny turtles led the boy to the fact that he sold the old turtle, a true friend, without regret. This selfish feeling arose from the fact that he heard and saw only his desires, his “I want”. Creative feeling. An unexpectedly awakened sense of responsibility for the life of the old Masha, shame for the betrayal of a friend who needs you, lead the boy to a bold and important decision: to return the old turtle home at any cost.
Theme Works episodes When the mind becomes dangerous? Is reason a happy gift of man or his curse? I.A. Bunin "Beauty" M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Scribbler" F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit" Beauty, the second wife of an official, had a "sharp" look, noticed everything, reasonably approached the solution of any issues. And just as reasonably, calmly, she hated the son of an official from her first marriage. She pretended that he did not exist in the house, transferred him to sleep first on the sofa, and then on the floor. The result of such a reasonable approach was the lonely life of a little seven-year-old boy isolated from the whole house. The image of A. Chatsky. Clever, but not needed by Famus society. Leaving Moscow “Carriage for me, carriage” What is more important: reason or feeling? What to listen to: mind or heart? I.A. Bunin "Dark alleys" A.I. Kuprin "Duel" I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" (printing) L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” Yuri Alekseevich Romashov goes to the Nikolaevs every evening, although he knows that they don’t wait for him there and don’t stand on ceremony in his presence, but to see Shurochka (Alexandra Petrovna) once again, to watch her during needlework is above him forces. Romashov is ready to endure shame, if only to feel the firm and caressing grip of a sweet female hand: he went into this charming grip with his soul. Yuri Alekseevich each time experienced an acute sense of shame, hearing the ridicule of orderlies and feeling the scornful attitude of Shurochka's husband. The episode of leaving Moscow by the Rostov family. Mother for a reasonable approach, because on carts you need to take away the inheritance of children. Natasha perceives the situation differently: “that we are some kind of Germans!” and begs to give carts to the wounded. Mother becomes ashamed.
Theme Works episodes Is it possible to go on about your emotions? Is it necessary to give free rein to feelings? I. A. Bunin "Sunstroke" L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" F.I. Tyutchev “Oh, how deadly we love” The lieutenant, fascinated by his new acquaintance, begs her to go ashore. She is confused, succumbed to persuasion, goes on about her emotions, as if a sunstroke overshadows her consciousness. She calls it crazy: there has never been anything like it in her life and never will be. Why is she doing this? This lovely woman is married and has a three-year-old daughter. This behavior is reckless, but the author does not condemn her for it. The feeling can flare up suddenly, like an eclipse - a person loses his temper. But this feeling is the most beautiful thing that has ever been and will be in the life of these people. Let only a moment - it is worth eternity. Natasha Rostova, succumbing to feelings for Anatole Kurakin, decides to run away with him, despite the dissuades of her relatives. This act led her to break off relations with Andrei Bolkonsky. Elena Denisyeva, passionately in love with F.I. Tyutchev, takes heavy blows of fate: the condemnation of society, the impossibility of becoming the wife of Fedor Ivanovich (he is married), a serious illness.
What is the power of human feeling? The power of feelings is unusually great. Power can change a person: awaken his best or worst sides. Such a strong feeling is love (faith, fear): it resurrects and kills, forgives and hates, spiritualizes and devastates. The world is filled with the power of love from birth to death: maternal love knows no boundaries, the depth of feelings between a man and a woman is difficult to describe in words; love for creativity shows the strength of the individual, for animals - sensitivity and mercy. This topic has worried many generations and still remains important and significant in the life of every person. Examples of the manifestation of the power of human feeling are often found in the works of Russian classical literature.
thesis Let us recall the work of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya". This story clearly shows the power of love of the main character: her dedication, sincerity, spirituality.
illustration Olesya grew up in the forest, she knew the peculiarities of life in the wild, she was alien to the petty problems of the inhabitants of Polesie. Her meeting with Ivan Timofeevich took place in early spring, nature itself blessed their love. Olesya knew that their feelings were doomed, that she would have to suffer greatly, but she did not refuse her love, did not exchange it for peace. Olesya's magic is not in witchcraft, as she thought, but in amazing sincerity, depth of feelings. Knowing the deer heart of her chosen one, the girl accepted all his weaknesses, without reproaching, without condemning. Olesya really wanted to keep her love, but fate cannot be changed! The decision taken by Olesya is admirable. She went to church, hoping to change the predestination, thereby saving their feelings. She takes full responsibility. Only a person with great power of love can do this! Unfortunately, the inhabitants of Polissya treated her extremely cruelly: they beat her, smeared them with tar. Olesya is forced to leave, but not once does she accuse Ivan Timofeevich of anything, gratitude and still love sound in her words.
Mini-conclusion The amazing power of Olesya's love lies in the ability to give, not to take, in self-sacrifice.
In Goncharov's novel, several types of ideal people are deduced.
In the first part of the novel, we see a sloth lying on a sofa in a dusty room. And, of course, we cannot say that Oblomov is the ideal man. He does not live in harmony with his consciousness, with his heart and with the outside world.
Stoltz is another matter. 11a against the background of the motionless and constantly lying Oblomov, Stolz is an ideal. He is in constant motion, does not stop at something achieved. He achieved everything himself and from a poor boy turned into a successful businessman. Such a person will never be superfluous for society. Already in the Stolz-child one could see the Stolz of today. He is a harmonious personality, which was facilitated by his upbringing. His German father taught him to work and achieve everything on his own, and his mother brought up spirituality in him.
Unlike Oblomov, in Stolz reason, consciousness and coldness prevail over feelings, the heart. Oblomov is a dreamer, but Stolz does not like and is afraid to dream. Therefore, it is ideal only from the point of view of the new society. Stolz is a sober-minded person, but there is no poetry or romance in him. And this already speaks of some "inferiority", that not in everything this person can serve as a role model.
Moreover, we cannot call Oblomov's ideal. Especially when you first meet him. But suddenly - a miracle! Olga appeared. And we no longer recognize the former Oblomov, because his true soul finally wakes up in him. Oblomov the sloth turns into Oblomov moving, wanting to live, to sing, into Oblomov the poet. At this moment, perhaps, the ideal-Stolz ceases to exist for us and the ideal-Oblomov appears. We begin to see not a sloth, but a great creator, poet, writer. But now Oblomov is overwhelmed only with feelings that are ready to splash out at any moment, consciousness has ceased to exist in him. And again, we cannot say that Oblomov is an absolute ideal. Perhaps only by connecting Stolz and Oblomov, you can get what Olga is looking for.
Separately, Stolz and Oblomov can also be perfect, but from different points of view. The problem of these two ideals, on the one hand, is that Stolz restrains his feelings too much, and on the other hand, that Oblomov, on the contrary, cannot restrain his feelings and his passions.
Another heroine of the novel, who claims to be ideal, is Olga. I think that Olga is the real ideal. Both feelings and consciousness are balanced in her, although she is closer to Oblomov than to Stolz. Olga is almost perfect, and therefore it is to her that Goncharov transfers the role of an educator and preacher. She must awaken the real Oblomov. For a moment, she succeeds. But Olga constantly wants something new, she constantly has to transform, create. For her, the main thing is duty. She saws her purpose in re-educating Oblomov.
Olga, unlike Oblomov and Stolz, will never calm down, she is constantly moving, she cannot stand still. Perhaps Olga's problem is her incessant movement. She herself does not know what she wants, does not know her ultimate goal, but strives for it.
From everything written, we can conclude that, in fact, all the main characters of the novel are ideal. But they are perfect in every way. In Oblomov - the ideal of a poet, in Stolz - the ideal of a sober-minded person, in Olga - the ideal of a person who is aware of his duty. Oblomov is ideal for Pshenitsyna and Oblomovka. And Stolz and Olga are ideal for society. A harmonious personality is not Stolz, not Oblomov, not Olga in particular. That's all of them put together.
People are driven by different impulses. Sometimes they are driven by sympathy, a warm attitude, and they forget about the voice of reason. You can divide humanity into two halves. Some people constantly analyze their behavior, they are used to thinking through every step. Such individuals are practically not amenable to deception. However, it is extremely difficult for them to arrange their personal lives. Because from the moment they meet a potential soulmate, they begin to look for benefits and try to derive a formula for perfect compatibility. Therefore, noticing such a mindset, others move away from them.
Others are completely subject to the call of feelings. During love, it is difficult to notice even the most obvious realities. Therefore, they are often deceived and suffer greatly from this.
The complexity of relations between representatives of different sexes is that at different stages of the relationship, men and women use a reasonable approach too much, or vice versa, trust the choice of a course of action to the heart.
The presence of fiery feelings, of course, distinguishes humanity from the animal world, but without iron logic and some calculation it is impossible to build a cloudless future.
There are many examples of people suffering because of their feelings. They are vividly described in Russian and world literature. An example is the work of Leo Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". If the main character had not fallen in love recklessly, but had trusted the voice of reason, she would have remained alive, and the children would not have to experience the death of their mother.
Both reason and feelings must be present in consciousness in approximately equal proportions, then there is a chance for absolute happiness. Therefore, one should not refuse in some situations the wise advice of older and more intelligent mentors and relatives. There is a popular wisdom: "A smart person learns from the mistakes of others, and a fool learns from his own." If you draw the correct conclusion from this expression, you can humble the impulses of your feelings in some cases, which can adversely affect fate.
Although sometimes it is very difficult to make an effort on yourself. Especially if sympathy for a person overwhelms. Some feats and self-sacrifices are made out of great love for faith, country, and one's own duty. If the armies used only cold calculation, they would hardly raise their banners over the conquered heights. It is not known how the Great Patriotic War would have ended if it were not for the love of the Russian people for their land, relatives and friends.
Composition 2 option
Mind or feelings? Or maybe something else? Can reason be combined with feelings? This is the question every person asks himself. When you are faced with two opposites, one side screams, choose the mind, the other screams that you can’t go anywhere without feelings. And you don't know where to go and what to choose.
The mind is a necessary thing in life, thanks to it we can think about the future, make our plans and achieve our goals. Thanks to our mind, we become more successful, but it is the feelings that make people out of us. Feelings are not inherent in everyone and they are different, both positive and negative, but it is they that make us do unimaginable things.
Sometimes, thanks to feelings, people perform such unrealistic actions that it took years to achieve this with the help of reason. So what to choose? Everyone chooses for himself, having chosen the mind, a person will follow one path and, perhaps, be happy, choosing feelings, a completely different road promises a person. No one can predict in advance whether it will be good for him from the chosen path or not, we can draw conclusions only at the end. As to the question whether the mind and the senses can cooperate with each other, I think they can. People can love each other, but understand that in order to create a family, they need money, and for this they need to work or study. Here in this case, the mind and feelings act together.
It seems to me that these two concepts only start working together when you grow up. While a person is small, he has to choose between two paths, it is very difficult for a small person to find points of contact between reason and feeling. Thus, a person always faces a choice, every day he has to fight with it, because sometimes the mind can help in a difficult situation, and sometimes feelings are pulled out of a situation where the mind would be powerless.
Brief essay
Many believe that the mind and feelings are two things that are completely incompatible with each other. But to me, they are two parts of the same whole. There are no feelings without reason and vice versa. Everything we feel, we think about, and sometimes when we think, feelings appear. These are two parts that create an idyll. If at least one of the components is missing, then all actions will be in vain.
For example, when people fall in love, they must turn on their mind, since it is he who can evaluate the whole situation and tell the person whether he made the right choice.
The mind helps not to make mistakes in serious situations, and feelings are sometimes able to intuitively suggest the right path, even if it seems unrealistic. Mastering the two components of one whole is not as easy as it sounds. On the path of life, you will have to face considerable difficulties until you yourself learn to control and find the right facet of these components. Of course, life is not perfect and sometimes it is necessary to turn off one thing.
You can't always balance. Sometimes you need to trust your feelings and make a leap forward, this will be an opportunity to feel life in all its colors, regardless of whether the choice is right or not.
Composition on the topic Reason and feelings with arguments.
Final essay on literature Grade 11.
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