m gathering the people, to pay tribute to the representatives of the princely power.

• from 947 to 980 (litter)
• But in order to exclude such events in the future, the princess established the exact amount of tribute - the lessons and places of its collection - graveyards.

Synonyms for graveyard

• • farmstead
  • skudelnitsa
  • skudelnya
  • tsvyntar

Hypernyms for graveyard

• • cemetery
  • place
  • region
  • farmstead
  • paragraph
  • village
  • church

POGOST, -a, m. Cemetery, usually rural (in the old days, a church away from the village with an adjacent plot and a cemetery). They demolished someone on the p.(buried). The dead with ~a do not wear(last about what cannot be returned or corrected).

| adj. ~ny, th, th.

S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language

Pogost What is it Pogost, meaning of the word Pogost, synonyms for Pogost, origin (etymology) Pogost, Pogost stress, word forms in other dictionaries

+ Pogost origin, etymology - Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Vasmer Max

POGOST origin, etymology

churchyard

genus. n. -a "church community, parish, church with residential buildings, services", dial. "cemetery", povost - the same, Vyatsk. 1, "farmstead, lonely inn", orenb. (Transformed), other Russian. graveyard "residential courtyard of the prince and his retinue under taxation" (Ipatiev. letop. under 947), povost - the same (Lavrentyevsk. letop. under 947, twice; see Srezn. II, 1017 et seq.). Initial meaning: "an inn, where the prince and clerics temporarily stopped." From a guest, stay; see Potebnya at Preobr. II, 85; Sobolevsky, ZhMNP, 1886, Sept., p. 146; Lectures 126 "cemetery" arose from the described more ancient taboo, according to Zelenin (Tabu 2, 150). S.-v.-r. povost, according to Shakhmatov (Essay 295), borrowed. from S.-E.-R. post Latvian pargasts "peasant meeting to pay taxes" of loans. from Russian (M.–E. 3, 28, from literature). According to Korhonen (in Johansen, Festschr. Haff 107), Russian. the word, possibly, arose in connection with the North German. the custom of visiting, the privilege of which was also enjoyed by the Skands. bishops; cf. von Schwerin at Hoops, Reall. 2, 123 ff.

1 (see ibid) indicated sevsk. - Approx. ed.

+ Pogost- T.F. Efremova New Dictionary of the Russian Language. Explanatory- derivational

Graveyard is

churchyard

pog O st

1) Rural cemetery.

2) outdated. A rural church with a cemetery, a land plot belonging to it and a clergy house, located away from the settlement.

3) local The name of the village, settlement inhabited by the Sami.

4) local An inn away from the villages, on the road.

+ Pogost- Modern explanatory dictionary ed. "Great Soviet Encyclopedia"

Graveyard is

Pogost

originally the center of a rural community in the northwest of Dr. Rus'. Later, the center of the administrative tax district, a large village with a church and a cemetery. From the 18th century a churchyard is a separate church with a cemetery, later a rural cemetery.

+ Pogost- Small academic dictionary of the Russian language

Tatyana's poem Autumn about Chernobyl begins like this: "Crosses have long blackened on a forgotten graveyard ...". In the understanding of modern people, a churchyard is a rural cemetery. An old word that is rarely used. Yes, and only writers remember him. Was it so before?

A bit of history

The Slavs had annual detours of their lands by princes with a retinue. Along the way, the prince stopped in settlements or fortified places agreed in advance, where tribute was brought. Strong courtyards were set up here to be able to repel an attack and a steward, often called a "cattleman", was left to regulate the collection of goods and solve administrative issues in the absence of the master. It was possible to travel around the country in the summer along the rivers, and in the winter - on a sleigh. Therefore, places convenient for stopping were called churchyards. This is in ancient Rus' and their very name determines. Merchants came to visit, that is, trade. With the arrival of the prince, public life was revived: a court was held, combatants were recruited.

Reform of Princess Olga

Since 946, the procedure for paying tribute, called polyudye, has changed. Princess Olga establishes a tax system, streamlining the timing and amount of tax in kind, called the lesson. From that moment on, "graveyards" and "lessons" are terms denoting the territorial-administrative units of Rus' and charters. The lesson is a fixed amount of tax from a certain place. At the churchyards, vigilantes-tiuns, tribute collectors, are appointed. Tiun counts the number of outbreaks or black plows and sends them to Kyiv. This is how the amount of tax “from smoke” or “from plow” is established. Tribute is collected by the elders of the communities. Instead of cattle, the hryvnia becomes a monetary equivalent - a metal casting made of silver or gold, which serves as a measure of weight and payment. In Rus', they did not mint a coin, but they used the foreign currency that was in circulation, often denarii, by melting them into ingots. The name "hryvnia" comes from the Old Slavonic "mane", that is, the neck. A necklace could have been made of hryvnias.

Pogost is the center of princely government

In the graveyard, in the absence of the princess, the court was administered by the tyun according to the testimony of witnesses. In the absence of these, the tiun turned to pagan priests. The culprit paid vir, that is, a fine. Murder was punishable by death.

Tiun, in case of refusal to pay tribute, called the militia. Olga herself could suddenly appear on the churchyard and control the tiuna.

Olga identified hunting grounds and princely villages. This led to the appearance of smerds - commoners dependent on the prince with their own land (patrimony), which was inherited. In the absence of heirs, the land went to the prince. True, the prince had the right to take away the land from the smerd, punishing him for his fault. Then he became a serf along with his family. It's practically slavery.

How the meaning of the word has changed

Initially, this word meant a guest house or a place where the prince stays with his retinue. Over time, the term "graveyards" means dividing the territory into taxable districts with a center where there was a tribute collection point and a tiun, a warrior responsible for collecting tribute, lived. Since the 10th century, these have been trading villages with bazaars that attract merchants and artisans. The tax collection center becomes a lively place of social life. Gradually, Christianity spread in Rus', and churches began to be built in the places of tribute collection, as the most visited. They attracted additional cash flows by doing baptisms, funerals and weddings. The cemetery was arranged on the consecrated ground, near the church. The churchyard had a double name - after the village and after the church.

In the Pskov and Novgorod provinces, a graveyard is several villages, from ten to a hundred according to the inventories of those years. In the central Russian provinces, where there was a large number of private estates, public life revolved around the village, where the estate of the landowner stood. The church and the cemetery were located at a distance.

Since the 18th century this is the name of a church standing separately from the village with a cemetery, a clergy's dwelling or a priest's house. By the 19th-20th centuries, it was just a rural cemetery.

How is it used now

Now the term "graveyard" does not even remind of the place where a high-ranking person or a responsible official stays. Perhaps the single-root word "hotel" will say more about this. Only an association with a cemetery, especially a rural one, remained. This is how poets use it.

From Mikhail Shcherbakov:

• From love, longing, debts and churchyard - to the coveted expensive peninsula!

Ivan Bunin:

• Here is a familiar graveyard near the colored Mediterranean wave ...

Why the churchyard is a Christian cemetery

In Rus', they were not always buried on plots of land located near the temple. Or a temple, if you go deep into the old days. A mound was erected for noble people. Remember - "Prince Igor and Olga are sitting on a hill"? This hill is the mound where Oleg is buried. Usually, both horses and valuables were buried with the master. Burial fields are also known. They were outside the city.

Burials near churchyards in pre-Christian times had pagan idols. During the spread of Christianity, they were demolished, and temples were built in that place. The earth was consecrated and Christians were buried on it. The rest of the cemeteries remained unconsecrated, gradually falling into disrepair. Later, the word acquires the meaning of a parish center. Therefore, the churchyard is a cemetery with a church.

Related materials:

• What is a graveyard? The meaning of the word churchyard
• Park complex Manor Bogoslovka

This historical term was first mentioned back in the days when pagan idols and gods were still worshiped in Russian lands, not knowing about Christianity. The term itself comes from the Slavic word "pogostina", which meant a place for various gatherings, congresses or volost lands where auctions were held, bazaars were arranged and contracts were concluded. It was through such volost lands that the famous, leading from the Scandinavian lands to the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the capital city of Constantinople, was laid. Graveyards served as an ideal place for collecting tribute, which the Varangians, salt merchants, imposed on the local Slavic lands. After the adoption of Christianity in Rus' by Vladimir the Great in 988, graveyards were slightly changed, as church buildings and cemeteries appeared on them, from which the current meaning of the word "graveyard" - a cemetery - was formed. In the era of the highest prosperity of medieval Rus', the word "pogost" began to be used more and more in connection with the countryside and land allotments. During the period of decline and feudal fragmentation on Russian lands, volosts often changed hands, and therefore many "graveyards" were either destroyed or burned as a result of the invasion of the Tatar-Mongol troops. Later, in the Polish and Lithuanian lands, many churchyards became part of the local voivodeships and were abolished in the 15-16 centuries. In the Northern lands of the once great Ancient Rus', none of the conquerors could gain a foothold, and therefore it was there that the graveyards retained their significance for several more centuries.

Pogost as an administrative-territorial unit in Ancient Rus'

For the first time, the churchyard as an administrative-territorial unit in Rus' was introduced by Princess Olga, the widow of Prince Igor of Kyiv. Olga divided the Novgorod volost into graveyards and established the exact amount of tribute from these lands. In the future, this division spread to all Russian lands, especially in the northern regions. Moreover, the division into graveyards was preserved right up to 1775, when, after the destruction and conquest of Zaporozhye lands, it was canceled by decree of another great woman of Russian history,

Pogost

This word meaning "cemetery" is derived from the verb (on) a visit -"(to) visit", ascending to a noun . What, it would seem, is common between a "guest" and a "burial place"? This strange correspondence is explained as follows. At first churchyard the inn was called - a place where guests (merchants) stopped by, a place where they stayed. Then they began to call the place where the prince stopped, leaving to collect tribute. Subsequently, this place became the center of the district. Then they began to call the church that way - the central place of the district, then - the church with the cemetery next to it, and then - only the cemetery. Words go a long way before they acquire one meaning or another.

Etymological dictionary of the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: LLC "Victoria plus". Krylov G. A. . 2004

See what "pogost" is in other dictionaries:

Pogost- husband, Novg. rural parish; several villages, under common administration and one parish; parish; a church standing separately on church land, with houses of a priest and a clergy, with a cemetery, in the lower Volga region and Novg. village, although there is not a single peasant ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

churchyard- cemetery, necropolis, place of eternal rest, buoy Dictionary of Russian synonyms. churchyard see cemetery Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary

Pogost- Pogost, graveyard, husband. 1. Rural cemetery. Take it to the graveyard (bury). 2. A rural church with a cemetery and a land plot belonging to it and a clergy located separately, away from the settlement (obsolete). 3. In the north, the name of the village ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Pogost- a rural tax district in Ancient Rus', a word found in Russian chronicles back in pagan times. In 947, Grand Duchess Olga the Wise established a Pogost along the river. Mste. The very word "P." comes from the word "pogostina", that is, a moving place ... Legal Encyclopedia

Pogost- originally the center of a rural community in the northwest of Dr. Rus'. Later, the center of the administrative tax district, a large village with a church and a cemetery. From the 18th century a churchyard is called a separate church with a cemetery, later a rural cemetery ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Pogost- Graveyard, ah, husband. Cemetery, usually rural (in the old days, a church away from the village with an adjacent plot and a cemetery). Demolished on the p. (buried). They don’t carry the dead from the churchyard (last about what cannot be returned or corrected). | adj… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Pogost- stands on someone's shoulder. Yaroslavl About a very old man. JOS 8, 19. Take out / lead someone to the churchyard. Kar. Marry a girl to a village with a church. SRGC 4, 613. Exit / exit to the churchyard. Kar. Get married in a village with a church. SRGK 4, 613 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

Pogost- ... Wikipedia

Pogost- a term common in Russian sources, which had during the X XVIII centuries. different meaning. Initially, graveyards, apparently, were called rural communities on the periphery of the Old Russian state, as well as the centers of these communities, where the "guest" was conducted ... ... Russian history

churchyard- A; m. Rural cemetery (in the old days next to the church). Demolish someone l. (bury). ◁ Pogostny, oh, oh. P th crosses. * * * The churchyard was the original center of a rural community in the northwest of Ancient Rus'. Later administrative territorial ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Pogost- Sp Pahòstas Ap Pahost/Pahost baltarusiškai (gudiškai) Ap Pogost/Pogost rusiškai L C ir R Baltarusija … Pasaulio vietovardziai. Internetinė duomenų bazė

Books

• , Nosik, Boris Mikhailovich. Priests and courtiers, former ministers and beautiful ballerinas, grand dukes and terrorists, artists and whites rested at the famous Russian cemetery of Sainte Genevieve-des-Bois near Paris… Buy for 513 rubles
• Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. Russian churchyard on the outskirts of Paris, Boris Nosik. In the famous Russian cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois near Paris, priests and courtiers, former ministers and beautiful ballerinas, grand dukes and terrorists, artists and whites rested ...