What is a fairy tale, and why is it needed? Literary tale: definition examples.

Gradually, the literary fairy tale became a full-fledged direction of fiction. Today this genre is universal, it reflects the phenomena of the surrounding reality, its problems, achievements, successes and failures. At the same time, the connection with folklore remained the same, inextricable. So, let's try to figure out what a literary fairy tale is.

Definition

First, let's give a definition: a fairy tale is a folk poetic narrative work that tells about fictional events and heroes. Often involving fantastic and magical phenomena.

Now let's find out what a literary fairy tale is.

It is a genre of storytelling with a fantasy or magical plot that takes place in a real or magical world, in which both real and fictional characters can act. The author can raise the moral, social, aesthetic problems of history and modernity.

The definitions are similar, but in the second, concerning a literary fairy tale, there is a certain concretization and clarification. They concern the types of characters and space, as well as the author and the problems of the work.

Features of a literary tale

Now we list the main features of a literary fairy tale:

• Reflects the aesthetics and worldview of its era.
• Borrowing characters, images, plots, features of language and poetics from a folk tale.
• A combination of fiction and reality.
• Grotesque world.
• There is a game start.
• The desire to psychologize the characters.
• The position of the author is clearly expressed.
• Social assessment of what is happening.

Folk and literary tale

What is a literary tale, how does it differ from a folk tale? The author's fairy tale is considered a genre that has absorbed folklore and literary principles. It grew out of folklore, transforming and changing its genre differences. We can say that the folk tale has evolved into a literary one.

A literary fairy tale goes through a series of stages as it moves away from the original source - a fairy tale. We list them in order of increasing distance:

1. A simple record of folklore tales.
2. Processing records of folk tales.
3. Retelling of the story by the author.
4. In the author's fairy tale, the internal form differs from the folk one, and folklore elements change depending on the writer's intention.
5. Parodies and stylizations - their tasks are related to the pedagogical orientation.
6. A literary fairy tale is as far as possible from common folklore plots and images. The speech and style of such a fairy tale is closer to the literary tradition.

What are the folk traditions of a literary fairy tale manifested in

What is a literary tale? This, as we have already said, is a combination of literary and folklore. Therefore, in order to answer the question, let us determine what the folk tale inherited from the literary tale.

Writers usually take folklore plots as a basis. For example:

• the magical origin or birth of the protagonist;
• a stepmother's dislike for her stepdaughter;
• the trials of the hero are necessarily of a moral nature;
• rescued animals that become the hero's helpers, etc.

Writers also exploit fairy-tale images-characters endowed with certain functions. For example:

• The ideal hero.
• Assistant of the ideal hero.
• The one who sends the hero on his way.
• The giver of a magical thing.
• The one who harms the ideal hero and interferes with the execution of the assignment.
• A stolen character or thing.
• A false hero is one who tries to appropriate other people's exploits.

The space and time of the fairy-tale world are often built according to the laws of folklore. It's a fantastic vague place, and time slows down and speeds up, it is also magical and does not succumb to the laws of reality. For example: Buyan Island; faraway kingdom, faraway state; whether long or short; a fairy tale quickly affects, but the deed is not done soon.

Trying to bring their tales closer to folk tales, writers resort to the use of folklore poetic speech: epithets, triple repetitions, vernacular, proverbs, sayings, etc.

Turning to folk traditions, we were able to answer what a literary fairy tale is in its connection with folklore. Let us now consider another component of our fairy tale - the literary one, and try to understand what separates it from the folk heritage.

What is a literary tale and how does it differ from a folk tale

Examples and comparisons of literary and folk tales allow us to highlight a number of their differences.

Literary tale is distinguished by its depiction. The author tries to describe in detail the area, events, to make the characters closer to reality, so that the reader believes in what is happening as much as possible.

Thus, what is a literary fairy tale, if not the psychologism of the characters? The writer is trying to explore the inner world of the character, to portray experiences. So, Pushkin in "Tsar Saltan", depicting the meeting of the hero with his wife and son, describes: "Zealousness beat in him ... the spirit in him took up the tsar burst into tears." You don't see that in folklore.

Ershov, Pushkin, Odoevsky and other fairy tale writers endow their characters with a full-fledged character. These are not just heroes characteristic of folklore, they are full-fledged living people with their aspirations, experiences, contradictions. Even the devil in "The Tale of Balda" Pushkin endows with a naive childish character.

What else is a literary fairy tale different from

What is a literary tale? The answers to this question can be found in the specifics of a literary work. Namely, in the clear expression of the author's position. In a fairy tale, it manifests itself through assessments, attitudes towards what is happening, from which it is easy to guess which of the characters the author sympathizes with and which he does not love or ridicule. So, describing the priest, his fears and natural greed, Pushkin makes fun of it.

A literary fairy tale will always reflect the author's view of the world, his idea of ​​life and ideas. We will see the writer, his aspirations, values, spiritual world, desires. In a folklore tale, only the ideals and values ​​of the whole people can be reflected, the identity of the narrator in it will be erased.

So, what is a literary fairy tale in its classical sense? This is a fusion of the author's identity and folk traditions.

The origins of the literary tale

The roots of the literary fairy tale go back to ancient times. There is a recorded Egyptian tale of two brothers dating back to the thirteenth century. BC e. The epic also contains references to fairy tales, for example, in the Babylonian cycle about Gilgamesh, among the Assyrians - in the legends about Ahikar, in Greek - these are the Iliad and the Odyssey.

During the Middle Ages, the church used a literary fairy tale, turning it into a parable. This tradition continued until the 19th century.

The Renaissance brought elements of fairy tales into the short story, using them to create satirical and didactic elements.

The emergence of the literary tale

But only in the XVIII century. the literary fairy tale became an independent artistic genre, largely due to the enthusiasm of romanticism for folk traditions. At this time, in order to answer the question of what a literary fairy tale is, examples would have to be taken from Charles Perrault and A. Gallan in Europe and from M. Chulkov in Russia.

In the 19th century the popularity of the literary fairy tale is growing. Goethe, Chamisso, Tieck, Edgar Allan Poe, Hoffmann, Andersen turn to this genre. Russian literature of this period is also rich in fairy tales. These are V. Zhukovsky, A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, A. Tolstoy and others.

Pushkin's Tales

What is a literary tale? The definition that we gave above is perfectly illustrated by the fairy tales of A.S. Pushkin. Initially, they were not designed for children, but quickly found themselves in the circle of children's reading. The names of these fairy tales are known to us since childhood:

• "The Tale of Tsar Saltan".
• "The Tale of the Priest and his Worker Balda".
• "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish".
• "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the 7 Bogatyrs".
• "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel".

All these tales have a plot connection with folk tales. So, "The Tale of Balda" resembles the folk tale "Labor Shabarsh". “About the fisherman and the fish” - “The greedy old woman”, the recording of which was presented to the poet by V. I. Dal, a well-known collector of folklore. "The Tale of Saltan" is close to the fairy tale "About wonderful children." Pushkin saw in folk art inexhaustible themes and plots for literature. Thus, the poet's tales, better than any definition, can answer the question of what a literary tale is.

Consider one of Pushkin's fairy tales. The essence of this tale is a satire on church ministers who deceive the people. Human qualities are also ridiculed: stupidity, greed and hypocrisy. Out of greed, the priest decides to hire a servant for a penny who will do hard work. Stupidity forces him to agree to Balda's proposal. But as the retribution approaches, deceit and anger wake up in the priest - he decides to destroy the worker.

In this tale, as in others, Pushkin creates psychologically perfect characters. Each author gives character and personality traits. And although the language is poetic, it is as close as possible to the folk. Pushkin always sought to move away from pretentious literary verse to something lighter, more flexible, and freer. All these qualities he managed to find in folk art.

Thus, a literary fairy tale has a rich history of development, is a unique fusion of folklore and author's work, and continues to develop to this day.

"In a faraway kingdom, in a faraway state ...". Probably, each of us in childhood fell asleep to the quiet voice of our parents, who read or told fairy tales about beautiful princesses, brave princes and evil monsters. And in the same way, each of us will read such fairy tales to our children. What is a fairy tale, and why is it needed?

First of all, a fairy tale is a genre of literary creativity with an attitude towards fiction. Moreover, a fairy tale can be both oral and written. The main feature of the fairy tale is that it is always a fictional story with a happy ending, where good triumphs over evil. Fairy tales are authorial (composed by a certain author) and folk (composed by many people). There is also a well-known classification of fairy tales according to their content:

• Fairy tales are magical. They reveal the best human qualities, the characters are romantic. In such a fairy tale, there is always a central positive hero, his assistants and magical objects. Heroes of fairy tales fight evil and injustice in the name of goodness and love. Examples include Russian folk tales about Ivan the Fool.
• Tales about animals. Here, the permanent characters are animals (fox, wolf, bear, hare, etc.). Animals interact, each of them personifies one or another human quality, for example, a cat is smart, a fox is cunning, a bear is strong. Examples: "Teremok", "Turnip", "Kolobok".
• Social fairy tales - illustrate real life, the characters are shown from the point of view of their social status, negative human qualities are ridiculed. The best qualities in such fairy tales are people from the people, who, as a rule, turn out to be smarter and more cunning than representatives of high social status (gentlemen, priests). These tales are satirical, full of humor and puns. Examples of social fairy tales: "Shemyakin's court", "Porridge from an ax", "The master and the carpenter", "The peasant and the priest".

How is a story different from a fairy tale?

The main difference between a tale and a fairy tale is that the tale has a narrator, and this narrator is not the author of the story. In addition, the heroes of the tale are most often real people, although many new fictional details are added to the tale.

How is a myth different from a fairy tale

A myth is a story about the life, way of life, traditions and characteristics of the people described in the myth. Myths are always associated with religion, they contain gods and demigods. In fairy tales, heroes can be ordinary people, just like you and me.

What are fairy tales for?

What is the meaning of the fairy tale? The purpose of the fairy tale is to teach children to distinguish good from bad, good from evil, ingenuity from stupidity. And I must say, the fairy tale copes with its task brilliantly.

In addition, the fairy tale helps children develop their imagination. After all, often parents tell magical stories without using pictures, which means that the child needs to imagine for himself how exactly the beautiful princess or shaggy monster looked like.

What do fairy tales teach? The fairy tale teaches not to despair in difficult times and always overcome difficulties. After all, the main character in fairy tales always takes on impossible tasks, for solving incredible mysteries.

The tale teaches how important it is for every person to have friends. And the fact that if you do not leave a friend in trouble, then he will help you in difficult times.

The fairy tale teaches not to judge people by their appearance. After all, in them any frog can easily turn out to be a beautiful girl, and a monster - an enchanted prince.

The story teaches us to obey our parents. After all, a son or daughter who performs the instructions of a father and mother in fairy tales always finds himself in a better position than their negligent brothers and sisters.

Often a fairy tale teaches patriotism. No wonder the knights so readily rush to defend their native land from foreign invaders.

And finally, the fairy tale teaches us to be smart, not to rush to solve a particular problem, to think over our decisions.

Reading fairy tales is useful not only in childhood. Growing up, we often forget that in the end, good always triumphs over evil, that any difficulties can be overcome, that a handsome prince on a white horse is already looking for his princess, and she is humbly waiting for him. So read fairy tales. Tell them to your children, come up with new stories together, accompany them with playing with dolls or drawing. After all, giving yourself and your child a little good mood before going to bed is very simple!

I offer several definitions of a fairy tale, taken from various sources:

• 1. "A fictitious story, an unprecedented and even unrealizable story, a legend" (V. Dal. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. M., 1994. Vol. 4. P. 170).
• 2. "A narrative, ordinary folk poetic work about fictitious persons and events, mainly with the participation of magical, fantastic forces" (S. Ozhegov. Dictionary of the Russian language. M., 1986. P. 625).
• 3. "A narrative work of oral folk art about fictitious events, sometimes with the participation of magical fantastic forces (Dictionary of the Russian language. M., 1988. Vol. IV. S. 102).
• 4. "One of the main genres of oral folk poetry, an epic, mostly prose work of magical, adventurous or everyday nature with an orientation to fiction" (Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary. M., 1988. P. 383).
• 5. "A brief instructive, often optimistic story, including truth and fiction" (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, 1996).
• 6. "An abstract form of local legend, presented in a more concise and crystallized form. The original form of folklore tales are local legends, parapsychological stories and stories about miracles that arise in the form of ordinary hallucinations due to the invasion of archetypal contents from the collective unconscious" (M.A. von Franz, 1998, pp. 28-29).

The authors of almost all interpretations define a fairy tale as a kind of oral storytelling with fantastic fiction. The connection with myth and legends pointed out by M.L. Von Franz takes the fairy tale beyond the limits of a simple fantasy story. A fairy tale is not only poetic fiction or fantasy play; through the content, language, plots and images, it reflects the cultural values ​​of its creator.

Any fairy tale is focused on a socio-pedagogical effect: it teaches, encourages activity and even heals. In other words, the potential of a fairy tale is much richer than its ideological and artistic significance. From a socio-pedagogical point of view, the socializing, creative, holographic, valeological-therapeutic, cultural-ethnic, verbal-figurative functions of a fairy tale are important.

• 1. Socializing function - introducing new generations to the universal and ethnic experience accumulated in the international world of fairy tales.
• 2. Creative function - the ability to identify, form, develop and realize the creative potential of the individual, his figurative and abstract thinking.
• 3. The holographic function manifests itself in three main forms: the ability of a fairy tale to show great things in small things; the ability to represent the universe in three-dimensional spatial and temporal dimensions (heaven - earth - underworld; past - present - future); the ability of a fairy tale to actualize all human senses, to be the basis for the creation of all kinds, genres, types of aesthetic creativity.
• 4. Developing - therapeutic function - education of a healthy lifestyle, protection of a person from harmful hobbies, addictions.
• 5. Cultural and ethnic function - familiarization with the historical experience of different peoples, ethnic culture: life, language, traditions, paraphernalia.
• 6. Lexical-figurative function - the formation of the language culture of the individual, the possession of polysemy and the artistic and figurative richness of speech.

It is impossible to say exactly when fairy tales appeared, but it is safe to say that this happened before the advent of writing. This is evidenced by the numerous finds of fairy tales in the most ancient manuscript sources. Based on known data, it can be argued that initially fairy tales passed from mouth to mouth. Thus, not only preservation, but also evolution took place. Each narrator conveyed the meaning of the tale in modern words. However, the allegorical meaning had to be preserved alone.

Naturally, folk tales had their own author, but over the years and distances, this lost its significance and was forgotten. So the story retold several times lost its authorship. And anything could become a plot for a fairy tale: from a difficult journey to an ordinary everyday situation. Also, all animate and inanimate objects could act as heroes: trees, mountains, animals and birds, people and deities.

The word "fairy tale" in its modern sense appeared only in the 17th century. Before that, they said "tale" or "fable" (from the word "buyat" - to tell).

A fairy tale is a very popular genre of oral folk art, a genre of epic, prose, plot. It is not sung like a song, but is told. The subject of the story in it are unusual, amazing, and often mysterious and strange events: the action has an adventurous character. The plot is multi-episodic, complete, dramatic tension, clarity and dynamism of the development of the action. The tale is distinguished by its strict form, the obligatory nature of certain moments, and also traditional beginnings and endings. The beginning takes listeners to the world of a fairy tale from reality, and the ending brings them back. She jokingly emphasizes that the fairy tale is fiction.

The fairy tale differs from other prose genres in its more developed aesthetic side. The aesthetic beginning is manifested in the idealization of positive characters, and in the vivid image of the "fantastic world" and the romantic coloring of events.

Fairy tales have been known in Rus' since ancient times. In ancient writing there are plots, motifs and images reminiscent of fairy tales. Telling fairy tales is an old Russian custom. Even in ancient times, the performance of fairy tales was available to everyone: men, women, children, and adults. There were people who cherished and developed their fabulous heritage. They have always been respected by the people.

In the XVIII century, several collections of fairy tales appeared, which included works with characteristic compositional and stylistic fairy-tale features: "The Tale of the Gypsy"; "The Tale of the Thief Timashka".

The all-Russian collection of A.N. Afanasyev "Folk Russian Tales" (1855 - 1965): it includes fairy tales that existed in many parts of Russia. Most of them were recorded for A.N. Afanasyev by his closest correspondents, of which V.I. Dahl.

In the late XIX - early XX centuries, a number of collections of fairy tales appeared. They gave an idea about the distribution of works of this genre, about its state, put forward new principles for collecting and publishing. The first such collection was a book by D.N. Sadovnikov "Tales and legends of the Samara region" (1884). 124 works were placed in it, and 72 were recorded only from one storyteller A. Novopoltsev. Following this, rich collections of fairy tales appeared: "Northern Tales", "Great Russian Tales of the Perm Province" (1914). The texts are accompanied by explanations and indexes.

After the October Revolution, the collection of fairy tales took on organized forms: it was conducted by scientific institutes and higher educational institutions. They continue this work to this day.

In Russian fairy tales, wealth has never had its own value, and the rich man has never been a kind, honest and decent person. Wealth had meaning as a means to other ends and lost that meaning when the most important values ​​of life were achieved. In this regard, wealth in Russian fairy tales was never earned by labor: it accidentally came (with the help of fairy-tale assistants - Sivka-Burka, the Little Humpbacked Horse ...) and often accidentally left.

The images of the Russian fairy tale are transparent and contradictory. Any attempts to use the image of a fairy-tale hero as an image of a person lead researchers to the idea of ​​the existence of a contradiction in a folk tale - the victory of a foolish hero, a "low hero". This contradiction is overcome if we consider the simplicity of the "fool" as a symbol of everything that is alien to Christian morality and its condemnation: greed, cunning, self-interest. The simplicity of the hero helps him to believe in a miracle, to surrender to his magic, because only under this condition is the power of the miraculous possible.

Another important feature of folk spiritual life is reflected in folk tales - catholicity. Labor acts not as a duty, but as a holiday. Sobornost - the unity of deeds, thoughts, feelings - in Russian fairy tales opposes selfishness, greed, everything that makes life gray, boring, prosaic. All Russian fairy tales, personifying the joy of work, end with the same saying: "Here, in joy, they all started dancing together ...".

The fairy tale also reflects other moral values ​​of the people: kindness, as pity for the weak, which triumphs over selfishness and manifests itself in the ability to give the last to another and give life for another; suffering as a motive for virtuous deeds and deeds; victory of spiritual strength over physical strength. The embodiment of these values ​​makes the meaning of the tale the deepest, as opposed to the naivety of its purpose. The affirmation of the victory of good over evil, order over chaos determines the meaning of the life cycle of the living being. The meaning of life is difficult to express in words, it can be felt in oneself or not, and then it is very simple.

Thus, the wisdom and value of a fairy tale lies in the fact that it reflects, reveals and allows one to experience the meaning of the most important universal values ​​and life meaning in general.

From the point of view of worldly meaning, the fairy tale is naive, from the point of view of life meaning, it is deep and inexhaustible.

1) folk tale- an epic genre of written and oral folk art: a prosaic oral story about fictional events in the folklore of different peoples. A type of narrative, mostly prose folklore ( fabulous prose), which includes works of different genres, the texts of which are based on fiction. Fairytale folklore opposes "authentic" folklore narrative ( fairy tale prose) (see myth, epic, historical song, spiritual poetry, legend, demonological stories, skaz, tradition, bylichka).

2) Fairy tale literary- epic genre: a fiction-oriented work, closely related to a folk tale, but, unlike it, belonging to a specific author, which did not exist before publication in oral form and did not have variants. A literary fairy tale either imitates a folklore one ( a literary tale written in folk poetic style), or creates a didactic work (see didactic literature) based on non-folklore stories. The folk tale historically precedes the literary one.

The plot of a fairy tale is based on a story about overcoming a loss or shortage, with the help of miraculous means, or magical helpers. In the exposition of the tale, there are consistently 2 generations - the older (the king with the queen, etc.) and the younger - Ivan with his brothers or sisters. Also in the exposition there is an absence of the older generation. An enhanced form of absence is the death of parents. The plot of the tale is that the main character or heroine discovers a loss or shortage, or there are motives for the prohibition, violation of the prohibition and subsequent trouble. Here the beginning of counteraction, that is, the sending of the hero from home.

The development of the plot is a search for the lost or missing.

The climax of the fairy tale is that the protagonist or heroine fights an opposing force and always defeats it (the battle equivalent is solving difficult problems that are always solved).

Resolution is overcoming a loss or lack. Usually the hero (heroine) at the end "reigns" - that is, acquires a higher social status than he had at the beginning.

Wikipedia

(Dictionary of literary terms) Fairy tale- this is the oldest genre of oral folk poetry, epic, mostly prose, a work of a magical, adventurous or everyday nature. Like all folk art, a fairy tale is deeply national, but at the same time, most fairy tale plots are found in many peoples of the world. If you pick up words with the same root for the word fairy tale, then as a result there will be a series of words that, to a certain extent, reveals its meaning: fairy tale - tell - tell. In essence, a fairy tale is what is told, an oral story about something interesting for both the performer and the listener, despite the fact that it is always fiction-oriented, whether it is moralizing stories about animals, fairy tales, adventurous stories, satirical jokes. Ignorance of fairy tales, as one of the essential shortcomings of education, was regarded by A.S. Pushkin: I listen to fairy tales - and reward those shortcomings of my accursed upbringing. What a delight these stories are! each is a poem!

The story is amazing! A wonderful world familiar from childhood, where good always triumphs over evil. Talking animals and dragons, brave heroes and beautiful princesses, good fairies and evil sorcerers live on the pages of fairy tale books. Fairy tales call not only to believe in miracles, but also teach kindness, responsiveness, not to succumb to difficulties, listen to parents and not judge others by appearance.

What are fairy tales

A fairy tale is a narrative with fictitious characters and a plot that has an everyday, heroic or magical character. They are folklore (compiled by the people), literary (include the features of folk tales, but belong to one author) and author's (written by one specific author). Folklore tales are divided into magical, everyday and about animals.

folklore

Before reaching the reader, they go a long way. In oral form, they are passed down from generation to generation until some collector of legends writes them down on paper. It is believed that the heroes of the first stories were the Earth, the Sun, the Moon and other natural phenomena, and the images of people and animals began to be used later.

Folk tales have a fairly simple structure: a saying, a beginning, and an end. Text is easy to read and does not contain complex words. But with apparent simplicity, it retains all the richness of the Russian language. Folk tales are easy to digest even for toddlers, making them the best choice for bedtime reading. This will not only prepare the child for sleep, but also unobtrusively teach life values.

The main features of a fairy tale:

1. Fairy-tale stamps "Once upon a time", "In a certain kingdom".
2. Use of proverbs and sayings.
3. Mandatory victory for good in the final.
4. The tests that the heroes go through are educational and moral in nature.
5. The animals saved by the hero help him get out of difficult situations.

household

The action takes place in everyday life, not "in a distant kingdom", but in an ordinary city or village. The life of that time, features and habits are described. The heroes are the poor and merchants, spouses, soldiers, servants and gentlemen. The plot is based on ordinary life situations and conflicts, which the heroes have to solve with the help of skill, ingenuity and even cunning.

Everyday fairy tales ridicule human vices - greed, stupidity, ignorance. The main message of such stories is that one should not be afraid of work, not be lazy and confidently overcome obstacles. Treat others with kindness, be responsive to someone else's grief, do not lie and do not be stingy. For example, "Porridge from an ax", "Turnip", "Seven-year-old daughter".

About animals

Often the characters are animals. They live and communicate like people, talk and play pranks, quarrel and make peace. Among the characters there is no clear division into positive and negative characters. Each of them is endowed with one distinctive feature, which is played out in the plot of the tale. A cunning fox, an evil wolf, a hardworking hare, and a wise owl. Such images are understandable to children, and give ideas about intelligence and stupidity, about cowardice and courage, about greed and kindness.

magical

What is a fairy tale? This is a mysterious world filled with magic and sorcery. Where animals, nature and even objects can speak. The composition is more complex, includes an introduction, an outset, a central plot, a climax and a denouement. The plot is based on overcoming a difficult situation or returning a loss. For example, "Morozko", "Finist clear falcon", "Cinderella".

The world of characters is unusually diverse. G The main characters have all the positive qualities, that is, such as kindness, generosity, responsiveness, courage. They are opposed by evil, greedy and selfish negative heroes. In the fight against enemies, the goodies are helped by wonderful helpers and magic items. The denouement is certainly happy. The hero returns home with honors, having overcome all hardships and obstacles.

Literary

Has a specific author but closely related to folklore. A literary tale reflects the author's view of the world, his ideas and desires, while folk tales demonstrate generalized values. The writer empathizes with the main characters, expresses sympathy for individual actors and openly ridicules the negative characters.

The basis is often the plots of folk tales.

• the hero's belonging to the world of magic;
• hostility between foster parents and children;
• the hero is helped by nature, living creatures and magical attributes.

To imitate folk tales, the same principles apply: fairy-tale setting, talking animals, triple repetitions and vernacular. The images of the main characters of folk tales are often used: Ivan the Fool, Baba Yaga, Tsar Koschey and others. The author strives for greater detail, the characters and personal qualities of the characters are spelled out in detail, the environment is close to reality and there are always two generations: the older (parents) and the younger (children).

Vivid examples of a literary fairy tale include the work of A. Pushkin "The Goldfish", G. Andersen's "The Snow Queen" and Ch. Perrault "Puss in Boots".

Whatever the fairy tale, its goal is to teach the child not to despair, to boldly take on tasks, to respect the opinions of others. Looking at the bright illustrations, it is easy to come up with your own plot for an already familiar story. It will be useful even for an adult to break away from the usual cycle of days and plunge into the wonderful world of magic.