Target: analyze the image of Katerina; understand why Katerina decided to commit suicide.
- actualize the personal meaning of students to the study of the topic;
- create conditions for the development of students' skills to formulate their own point of view, to express and argue it, the ability to compare, prove and refute, define and explain concepts;
- to form a value attitude of students to the surrounding reality, to other people and their feelings.
Technology of personality-oriented developmental education.
Lesson form: lesson-thinking.
Equipment: computer, slides on the topic of the lesson (attached), two pieces of plasticine - black and white, texts on the play.
We know that Katerina's character will hold its own,
despite any obstacles,
and when there is not enough strength, he will die, but he will not betray himself.
ON THE. Dobrolyubov
Only the conscious respect of man for himself
gives him peace of mind
and cheerfully endure all small and large troubles,
that are not accompanied by severe physical pain.
DI. Pisarev
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
Dear Guys! I'm glad to see you in a good mood. I think that our lesson will be held in a warm atmosphere. I want to wish you success, self-confidence, good mood.
2. Setting goals and updating knowledge.
Today we will complete the study of the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". The theme of the lesson is “The image of Katerina. Her spiritual tragedy. A topic that may seem easy, but at the same time very complex.
I suggest you look at the clouds. Each of you has done this many times, looking and fantasizing what each cloud represents.
What do you see now?
Students share their opinion. (Castles in the air, animal, temple, etc.)
Teacher. Why didn't you see the same thing? ( Each student is individual, has his own opinion and his own point of view).
Students make a conclusion about how it is related to the topic of the lesson and the work in the lesson.
Teacher. That's right guys. Each of you perceives the image of the main character in your own way, because you evaluate her actions and deeds based on your views and life experience.
In order to start revealing the topic of the lesson, please determine what you will have to do today in the lesson and formulate questions that you must answer at the end of the lesson.
(To characterize the image of Katerina, consider the causes of her death, reveal the meaning of the concepts “sin”, “freedom”, “inevitability”, “beauty”, answer the questions “Was there a different way for Katerina? What is the strength of Catherine's character?)
Concepts and questions are displayed on the presentation slides.
3. Information flow.
Group work.
Task for the first group:
Analyze how Katerina's character was formed in childhood, and how this influenced her later life.
(Katerina grew up in her parents' house, not knowing the hassle. She looked after flowers, listened to the stories of wanderers, went to church. She often saw strange things: angels in a golden pillar, golden temples; she dreamed that she was flying.
Katerina is an extremely religious person. And a religious person must live according to the Law of God.
But there is another fact that tells us about the character of the main character. At the age of six, when she was offended at home, she got into a boat and sailed along the Volga. Found her a day later ten miles from home. This tells us that Katerina is a willful, wayward person, capable of rash acts in order to maintain her freedom and independence).
Task for the second group:
Describe the relationship between Katerina and Tikhon, Katerina and Boris. Can Katerina's feeling for Boris be considered love?
(Katerina married Tikhon very early. She ended up in a family where her mother ran everything. Tikhon sometimes tried to object to his mother, to stand up for his wife, but attempts were stopped at the very beginning. Tikhon was looking for freedom away from home. He needed to drink and take a walk , and his wife was a burden for this. Therefore, to Katerina’s request to take her with him, he answers: “With some sort of bondage, you will run away from any beautiful wife you want!”
Tikhon loves Katerina. We see this when he learns about the death of his wife. But his weakness, spinelessness did not give him the opportunity to show this love to Katerina.
From the hopelessness of her situation, the main character is looking for love. She finds this love in Boris Grigorievich. They practically did not communicate, they saw each other briefly, more often in church. But Boris Grigoryevich speaks of his love, and Katerina considers her feelings to be love. In it lies for the heroine the whole life; all the strength of her nature, all her living aspirations merge here. Her need for love, which did not find her husband’s response, and the offended feeling of the wife and woman, and the mortal anguish of her monotonous life, and the desire for freedom, space, hot, unrestricted freedom, attract to him. But this love is for her sin. (Work with the concept. Appeal to the commandments in the "Law of God").
Can the love of Katerina and Boris be called real? Boris, like Tikhon, pushes her away, does not want to take her with him. He depends on his uncle. After the last meeting with Katerina, he says: “Only one thing you need to ask God for her to die as soon as possible, so that she does not suffer for a long time.” He understands her state of mind. Maybe, but he doesn't want to save her. But Katerina, in spite of everything, dies with the words: “My friend! My joy! Goodbye!")
Task for the third group:
How did life in the Kabanovs' house affect Katerina's feelings and character?
(After her cloudless childhood, Katerina ends up in the Kabanovs’ house, in the “dark kingdom.” Her mother-in-law always humiliates her, insults her, does not allow her to live in peace with her husband. She has no one to talk to. Although Varvara tries to understand her daughter-in-law, she is not the same as Katerina: "The main thing is that everything is covered." Every day this "dark kingdom" covers Katerina, puts pressure on her. There is no salvation in love either. Life becomes unbearable. And Katerina more often thinks about suicide).
Task for the fourth group:
How do D. I. Pisarev and A. N. Dobrolyubov characterize the image of Katerina? What is the contradiction in the reading of the drama by critics?
(N.A. Dobrolyubov and D.I. Pisarev gave Katerina a completely different description. N.A. Dobrolyubov called the heroine “a ray of light in the dark kingdom.” He considers Katerina a strong woman. D.I. Pisarev believes that all actions and Katerina's actions are devoid of any common sense.He refers her to "eternal children and dwarfs."
Their opinions differ because each considered character based on their life positions, views and experience.)
Teacher. Now we will find out what image of Katerina was created by the actresses who played her role on stage (slide show with portraits of P. Strepetova and M. Yermolova).
In the history of the theatre, L.P. Kositskaya, for whom Ostrovsky specially wrote this role.
This role was played by Pelageya Strepetova and Maria Yermolova.
Strepetova characterized Katerina as a humble victim of the dark kingdom. “She created a martyr for us, a Russian woman. And we saw this martyrdom in all its horror, but also in all its imperishable beauty.” (V.M. Doroshevich. Old theatrical Moscow. - M .: Petrograd, 1923).
E. Karpov recalls the performance of Strepetova in the fifth act of the drama: “... With a pale face, with huge, full of sadness, deep eyes, black hair flowing over her shoulders, Strepetova comes out. Her charming voice sounds clearly, although she speaks as if to herself, and how much deep, hopeless sadness, how much love, how much subtle poetry in this voice ... ”.
Characterizing the game of Strepetova, A.S. Suvorin noticed that her interpretation of the role of Katerina strongly disagrees with the interpretation of Dobrolyubov. He wrote about the end of Katerina as “the quiet agony of a dying heart and a darkened head.” “So it just happened! No cry, no despair… How many of them die so simply, silently…”.
Ermolova emphasized in the image of Katerina internal energy, readiness to protest against despotism and tyranny. “Dobrolyubov called the end of Katerina “pleasant”: such was it with Yermolova,” writes S. N. Durylin. – Her Katerina, indeed, was not a fleeting spark, but “a ray of light in a dark kingdom”, a bold, strong, bright ray, foreshadowing the sunrise, dispersing darkness. Such a Katerina cannot be mourned or pitied like Katerina Strepetova, one can bow before her like a tragic heroine, one can learn from her the courage of a heroic will. This Katerina was enthusiastically received by the democratic audience of the 1870s ... Yermolova proved that this “everyday drama” is a powerful Russian folk tragedy, and this role of a Russian woman from a remote town is a heroic image, revealing the sad fate of a Russian woman in the past, and her the ability to overcome this evil share.”
Both Strepetova and Yermolova, in their interpretations of the image, focused the viewer's attention on different sides of Katerina's personality.
Strepetova had the right to consider Katerina as a victim of society, the dark kingdom. Ostrovsky himself highly appreciated the game of Strepetova. because the artist awakened in the souls of the audience a protest against the living conditions that led Katerina to death. Katerina Yermolova herself was the personification of the protest against the dark kingdom. Yermolova's game gave rise to a feeling of a new life, called for an active struggle for happiness and justice.
Teacher. And now let's see what image of Katerina our student created (the student reads Katerina's monologue from the fifth act of the drama by heart.)
Answer questions.
1. What is the meaning of the concept freedom (work with the concept) at Katerina, Boris, Tikhon?
2. What moments of life did Katerina perceive as a sign from above?
3. Why did Katerina repent publicly?
4. Can we call Katerina a strong woman?
5. Could Katerina find the way to salvation in her soul? Why?
Reception "Help of a psychologist".
Katerina found herself in a very difficult situation. Nowadays, people can turn to a psychologist for help in solving a problem. One of the techniques that experts recommend is making two lists. In one, the positive consequences of the decision are recorded, in the other, the negative ones. Let's try to make two lists "for the future life" of Katerina, based on the text of the play and using quotes.
(All the “pros” and “against” can be “weighed” on the scales. We put a weight on one bowl if the decision is positive, on the other if it is negative.
| Positive sides | Negative sides |
|
|
Teacher. So, there are more positive things in Katerina's life. Why couldn't Katerina see these hopes and save her soul. Let's try a little experiment. In front of you are two pieces of plasticine - black and white. Imagine that these are human souls. Try to crush them. Soft, easy to fit. Imagine that every person is born into the world with a white and pure soul. But each person also has a character. A person lives, communicates with people. People are bad and good. After dealing with lies, injustice, the human soul turns black. Over time, more and more. It depends on a person, on his character and willpower, how to act: to succumb to evil and darkness, or to keep his soul pure.
Now we can answer the question: “Did Katerina have any other way?”
(No. Although suicide is a sin, Katerina saved her bright soul in this way. And all the representatives of the “dark kingdom” are suicides of their souls. And it is they who are sinful. Thus, Katerina’s death was inevitable (work with the concept).
4. Generalization of the studied.
Teacher. I propose to draw up a diamond in which you can give a generalized description of the image of Katerina. (Work in groups).
Diamanta is a poem of seven lines, built on the antonymy of concepts.
1. Subject (noun).
2. Two definitions (adjectives).
3. Actions (three verbs).
4. Associations (four nouns).
1, 2 antonyms 3,4
5. Actions (three verbs).
6. Two definitions (adjectives).
7. Subject (noun).
Katerina.
Direct, honest.
Loves, strives, rebels.
Freedom, passion, isolation, sin.
Disappointed, suffering, dying.
Tired, remorseful
Poor Katherine.
Teacher. I asked you to think about what works of literature, music, painting you associate with the image of Katerina, her thoughts, actions.
1. Pupils read a poem by K.D. Balmont “By the sea at night”, because. it helps them to feel what Katerina experienced in the last moments of her life. (Read this poem by heart.)
2. Of the musical works, “Siciliano” by Bach and “Keep the Lord from Heaven” by Lyadov were proposed. The first is the association with Katerina's whole life, the second is Katerina's faith in God.
3. From the works of fine art, students proposed paintings by I.I. Levitan "Evening on the Volga" (the place where the events unfolded drama, beauty(work with concepts) of nature is compared with the beauty of the main character, the waters of the Volga absorbed this beauty into themselves) and C. Monet “Impression. Rising Sun" (a bright orange spot of the sun and a ray that falls on the water is a bright image of Katerina and her character).
5. Homework.
1. Make a test of 10 tasks based on the play "Thunderstorm".
2. Prepare a message “The problem of human dignity in the play “Thunderstorm”. Make a technological map “Alphabet”.
3. Answer in writing the question “What is Ostrovsky’s innovation?”
6. Reflection.
On the board are attached images of islands with the names “Island of Knowledge”, “Island of Happiness”, “Island of Indifference”, “Island of Doubt”, “Island of Interest”. Pupils attach a sticky note to the island where they visited in the lesson.
The play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm" depicts the era of the 60s of the nineteenth century. At this time, revolutionary actions of the people are brewing in Russia. They are aimed at. improvement of life and life of ordinary people, to overthrow tsarism. The works of great Russian writers and poets are also involved in this struggle, among them is Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm", which shocked all of Russia. On the example of the image of Katerina, the struggle of the whole people against the "dark kingdom" and its patriarchal orders is depicted.
The main character in A. N. Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm" is Katerina. Her protest against the "boar" order, the struggle for her happiness and depicts the author in the drama.
Katerina grew up in the house of a poor merchant, where she matured spiritually and morally. Katerina was an outstanding personality, and there was some kind of extraordinary charm in her features. All of her "breathed" Russian, truly folk beauty; this is how Boris says about her: “There is some kind of angelic smile on her face, but it seems to glow from her face.”
Before her marriage, Katerina “lived, didn’t grieve about anything, like a bird in the wild,” did what she wanted and when she wanted, no one ever forced her or forced her to do what she, Katerina, didn’t want to.
Her spiritual world was very rich and diverse. Katerina was a very poetic nature with a rich imagination. In her conversations we hear folk wisdom and folk sayings. Her soul yearned to fly; “Why don't people fly like birds? Sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. When you stand on a mountain, you are drawn to fly. That’s how I would run up, raise my hands and fly.”
Katerina’s soul was “educated” both on the stories of the praying women who were in the house every day, and on sewing on velvet (sewing brought her up and led her into the world of beauty and kindness, into the world of art).
After marriage, Katerina's life changed dramatically. In the house of the Kabanovs, Katerina was alone, her world, her soul could not be understood by anyone, This loneliness was the first step towards tragedy. The attitude of the family towards the heroine has also changed dramatically. The Kabanovs’ house adhered to the same rules and customs as Katerina’s parental house, but here “everything seems to be from captivity.” The cruel orders of Kabanikha dulled in Katerina the desire for the sublime, since then the heroine's soul fell into the abyss.
Another pain for Katerina is her husband's misunderstanding. Tikhon was a kind, vulnerable person, very weak compared to Katerina, he never had his own opinion - he obeyed the opinion of another, stronger person. Tikhon could not understand the aspirations of his wife: "I can't figure you out, Katya." This misunderstanding brought Katerina one step closer to disaster.
The love for Boris was also a tragedy for Katerina. According to Dobrolyubov, Boris was the same as Tikhon, only educated. Because of his education, he came to the attention of Katerina. From the entire crowd of the "dark kingdom" she chose him, who was slightly different from the rest. However, Boris turned out to be even worse than Tikhon, he only cares about himself: he only thinks about what others will say about him. He leaves Katerina to the mercy of fate, to the massacre of the “dark kingdom”: “Well, God bless you! Only one thing must be asked of God that she die as soon as possible, so that she does not suffer for a long time! Goodbye!".
Katerina sincerely loves Boris, worries about him: “What is he doing now, poor thing? .. Why did I bring him into trouble? I would die alone! And then she ruined herself, ruined him, dishonor herself - he is eternal shame!
The manners of the city of Kalinov, its rudeness and “sheer poverty” were not acceptable to Katerina: “If I want, I’ll leave wherever my eyes look. Nobody can stop me, that's it
I have character."
Dobrolyubov gave a high rating to the work. He called Katerina "a ray of light in the" dark kingdom ". At its tragic end, “a terrible challenge was given to self-conscious force ... In Katerina we see a protest against Kabanov’s concepts of morality, a protest carried to the end, proclaimed both under domestic torture and over the abyss into which the poor woman threw herself.” In the image of Katerina Dobrolyubov sees the embodiment of "Russian living nature." Katerina prefers to die than to live in captivity. Katerina's action is ambiguous.
The image of Katerina in Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm" is an excellent image of a Russian woman in Russian literature.
Katerina is the main character in Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm", Tikhon's wife, daughter-in-law of Kabanikhi. The main idea of the work is the conflict of this girl with the "dark kingdom", the kingdom of tyrants, despots and ignoramuses. You can find out why this conflict arose and why the end of the drama is so tragic by understanding Katerina's ideas about life. The author showed the origins of the character of the heroine. From the words of Katerina, we learn about her childhood and adolescence. Here, an ideal version of patriarchal relations and the patriarchal world in general is drawn: “I lived, didn’t grieve about anything, like a bird in the wild, what I want, it happened, I do it.” But it was a “will” that did not at all conflict with the age-old way of a closed life, the whole circle of which was limited to homework. Katya lived freely: she got up early, washed herself with spring water, went to church with her mother, then sat down to some work and listened to wanderers and praying women, who were many in their house.
This is a story about a world in which it does not occur to a person to oppose himself to the general, since he has not yet separated himself from this community. That is why there is no violence and coercion. The idyllic harmony of patriarchal family life for Katerina is an unconditional moral ideal. But it lives in an era when the very spirit of this morality has disappeared and its ossified form rests on violence and coercion. Sensitive Katerina catches this in her family life in the Kabanovs' house. After listening to a story about the life of her daughter-in-law before marriage, Varvara (Tikhon's sister) exclaims in surprise: "But we have the same thing." “Yes, everything here seems to be from bondage,” Katerina drops, and this is the main drama for her.
Katerina was given in marriage young, her family decided her fate, and she accepts this as a completely natural, common thing. She enters the Kabanov family, ready to love and honor her mother-in-law (“For me, mother, it’s all the same as my own mother, what are you ...,” she says to Kabanikha), expecting in advance that her husband will be master over her, but also her support, and protection. But Tikhon is not suitable for the role of the head of a patriarchal family, and Katerina speaks of her love for him: “I feel sorry for him very much!” And in the fight against illegal love for Boris, Katerina, despite her attempts, cannot rely on Tikhon.
Katya's life has changed a lot. From a free, joyful world, she ended up in a world full of deceit and cruelty. She wants to be pure and perfect with all her heart.
Katerina no longer feels such delight from visiting church. Katerina's religious moods intensify as her mental storm grows. But it is precisely the discrepancy between her sinful inner state and what the religious precepts require that prevents her from praying as before: Katerina is too far from the sanctimonious gap between the outward performance of rituals and worldly practice. She feels fear of herself, of striving for will. Katerina can not do her usual business. Sad, disturbing thoughts do not allow her to calmly admire nature. Katya can only endure, while she is patient, and dream, but she can no longer live with her thoughts, because the cruel reality brings her back to earth, where there is humiliation and suffering.
O cruel reality brings her back to earth, where there is humiliation and suffering.
The environment in which Katerina lives requires her to lie and deceive. But Catherine is not like that. She is attracted to Boris not only by the fact that she likes him, that he is not like the others around her, but by her need for love, which has not found a response in her husband, the offended feeling of her wife, the mortal anguish of her monotonous life. It was necessary to hide, to be cunning; she didn't want to, and she didn't know how; she had to return to her dreary life, and this seemed to her bitterer than before. Sin lies on her heart like a heavy stone. Katerina is terribly afraid of the approaching thunderstorm, considering it a punishment for what she has done. Katya cannot live on with her sin, and she considers repentance to be the only way to at least partially get rid of it. She confesses everything to her husband and Kabanikh.
What is left for her? It remains for her to submit, renounce independent life and become an unquestioning servant of her mother-in-law, a meek slave of her husband. But this is not the nature of Katerina - she will not return to her former life: if she cannot enjoy her feelings, her will, then she does not want anything in life, she does not want life either. She decided to die, but she is terrified by the thought that it is a sin. She doesn't complain about anyone, she doesn't blame anyone, she just can't live anymore. At the last moment, all domestic horrors flash especially vividly in her imagination. No, she will no longer be a victim of a soulless mother-in-law and will not languish locked up with a spineless and disgusting husband. Death is her release.
The drama The Thunderstorm was written in 1859. It was a turning point for Russia. The patriarchal order, for which “the absence of any law, any logic, is the law and logic of this life,” began to crumble. They are replaced by new trends, new thoughts, new people. But Ostrovsky in the play "Thunderstorm" showed how strong the Old Testament way of life is still, how very few still protest the patriarchal system. According to Dobrolyubov, "Ostrovsky has a deep understanding of Russian life and a great ability to depict sharply and vividly its most essential aspects." The play very clearly describes the life and customs of the city of Kalinov and very colorfully depicts the images of the main characters.But among all the images, one stands out - Katerina, which Dobrolyubov called "a ray of light in the dark kingdom."
Katerina is a young woman who has strength of mind, strong character, but at the same time is poetic and naive.
Katerina grew up in an atmosphere of love and understanding. “My mother did not have a soul in me, she dressed me up like a doll,” she recalls of her childhood. She associates this time with freedom, with happiness - "I lived, I did not grieve about anything, like a bird in the wild." She was not limited in anything - "what I wanted to happen, I did it."
And from this calm, inconspicuous, quiet world, Katerina finds herself in Kabanova's house, where "everything seems to be from captivity." “In her mother’s house it was the same as at the Kabanovs,” Dobrolyubov noted. But the lack of freedom makes her life completely unbearable. Katerina has a rich inner world, with this she made up for the monotony of days, but in Kabanova's house even her imagination does not come to her aid. As Dobrolyubov notes, “in the gloomy atmosphere of the new family, Katerina began to feel the lack of appearance, which she had thought to be content with before. Under the heavy hand of the soulless Kabanikh there is no scope for her bright visions, just as there is no freedom for her feelings. She is bored, she is lonely, this house is disgusting to her, but she endures. Katerina will endure as long as she can, as long as she is able to endure the "slander" and tyranny of her mother-in-law, as long as she is still able to find solace in the church, in religion. “And if it makes me feel bad here, they won’t keep me here by any force. I'll throw myself out the window, I'll throw myself into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, I won’t, even if you cut me, ”Katerina declares passionately. In general, ardor is a trait inherent in Katerina. “I was born so hot,” she says. And it is this quality that does not allow her to come to terms with her position in the house. So she starts fighting.
Of all the heroes, Katerina stands out for her strength: strength of mind, strength of will, strength of character. She is the only one who dares to object to Kabanikhe. Her words of protest weaken Kabanova, but this is only a little that Katerina can do alone. Despite her strength, Katerina is still very weak to fight the patriarchal way of life herself.
She is still powerless in front of house-building orders. But she stands up for herself. She will not allow herself to be humiliated. Katerina retains her human dignity with her characteristic strength and fervor. “In vain, someone is pleased to endure!” she exclaims at Kabanikhi's attempt to humiliate her. Her offended self-esteem does not allow her to remain silent on an offensive word. She objects, but this objection is the only thing she can do in her own defense so far.
But along with strength, Katerina's character also combines tenderness, poetry, religiosity, dreaminess. And all these features are sincere, and not deceitful and hypocritical, as in the "dark kingdom". If Katerina believes in God, then this faith is pure. She sees in religion calm, consolation. The Church is salvation for her from the oppression and tyranny of Kabanova. Here is how Katerina speaks about the church: “It used to happen that I would enter paradise, and I wouldn’t see anything, and I wouldn’t remember the time, and I wouldn’t hear when the service was over.” She is a very poetic girl. Her speech is flowing. Her images are colorful and rich. In general, Katerina is gentle, spontaneous, naive. But this is precisely what helps her to endure Kabanova and her orders. Dobrolyubov said about Katerina: “Katerina ... can be likened to a large deep river: it flows as its natural property requires; the nature of its course changes according to the terrain through which it passes, but the course does not stop; a flat bottom, good - it flows calmly, large stones met - it jumps over them, a cliff - it cascades, they dam it - it rages and breaks through in another place. And in the quiet life of Katerina, such a “breakthrough” appeared. Boris became them. According to Doborolubov, “the feeling of love for a person, the desire to find a kindred response in another heart, the need for tender pleasures naturally opened up in a young woman and changed her former, indefinite and incorporeal dreams.” But besides the simple desire for love, Katerina wanted to find support and support in Boris, which she did not find in her husband, and the opportunity to escape from the terrible environment of the “wild and boar”. Boris is the first true love in Katerina's life. “Young people gave you in marriage, you didn’t have to walk in the girls,” Varvara notes. Katerina married not loving Tikhon, but she is trying to do it. However, her husband turned out to be a nonentity, he does not understand Katerina. This is a weak-willed, spineless person who himself seeks to escape from under the iron hand of his mother - he is not up to his wife. Katerina is trying to give him an oath: she could not step over the word given to herself and her husband, but Tikhon does not need her loyalty. There remains one more obstacle - salvation - one's own conscience and fear of God's judgment. In Katerina, an internal struggle takes place between a feeling for Boris and a duty to her husband. It is most difficult for Katerina to step over her debt to Tikhon, but nothing can stop her desire for happiness. “Yes, maybe such a case will never happen in a lifetime. Then cry to yourself: there was a case, but she didn’t know how to use it. What am I saying, that I am deceiving myself? I have to die to see him. Who am I pretending to!” Katherine persuades herself. Having overcome herself, she understands that she is no longer afraid of anything “if I was not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?” She sacrificed everything for Boris, but it turned out that he was as weak-willed as her husband.
And when Katerina, under the influence of circumstances, confesses her sin, she has no one to rely on, there is no need to live. To her “what is home, what is in the grave! .. what is in the grave! It’s better in the grave...” Katerina rushes into the Volga, thereby protesting against life according to Domostroy, the oppressed position of women in the family, in society. “And the matter is over: she will no longer be a victim of a soulless mother-in-law, she will no longer languish locked up, with a spineless and disgusting husband. She has been liberated!.. Such a liberation is sad, bitter, but what to do when there is no other way out. It’s good that the poor woman found determination at least for this terrible exit. ”
The end of Katerina is tragic, but it serves as a call to fight against arbitrariness. Katerina's tragedy is "a protest against Kaban's notions of morality, a protest carried through to the end..." This is how Dobrolyubov defined the meaning of Katerina's image. The tragedy of Katerina is that she does not find people like herself in the strength of character and aspirations in society. Katerina challenges the “wild and boar” society and, with her tragic end, inspires even more respect for her image, since only a strong character can decide on this.
The main conflict of Ostrovsky's play "" is the struggle between the old, the archaic and the new. But the personal conflict between human feelings and human principles must also not be overlooked.
One day in the "dark kingdom" - a place where tyranny and fear rule, a completely different person appears, who differs from everyone in his honesty, openness and devotion. This person was the main character of the work Katerina. It was the dissimilarity to others that caused the girl's life tragedy.
In Ostrovsky showed us the pure and immaculate character of the Russian woman. A woman with a warm heart and strong character.
The play begins with a description of the beauties of the Volga. The beauty and innocence of nature became the background against which the tragedy of the main character developed. It seems that everything in Kalinovo is calm, life goes on as usual, if only the power of public opinion, which pushed Katerina to the cliff.
Being a strong personality, the main character at first does not pay attention to public rumor, she does not care what they say and think about her. She is not afraid of human judgment. But, unfortunately, the human court for Katerina became unbearable. She says: “Everyone follows me all day and laughs right in my eyes ...”.
The tragedy of the main character happens in front of the inhabitants of Kalinov. She publicly admits to cheating on her husband, she commits suicide in front of everyone.
Ostrovsky shows us Katerina as a very sensitive nature with a rich inner world. On the pages of the work, we see the main character in various emotional states. She is either sad, or rejoices, or yearns, or is in confusion of feelings, or in a fit of passion. Katerina seems to be reborn, falling in love with Boris. Of course, she is trying to drive love thoughts away from herself, she is not ready to betray her husband, but then she admits to herself that the image of Boris is constantly in front of her eyes. Ultimately, the main character remains true to her principles. She continues to endure the bullying of Kabanikhi.
In the scene of farewell to Tikhon, Katerina again had to test the strength of her patience. The girl was offended by the attitude of her husband, because in his speeches the words of his mother were heard. At that moment, Katerina felt that something irreparable would happen after Tikhon's departure.
In the episode with the key, the girl tries to sort out her feelings. But he understands that he cannot be deceived. In this we see the whole strength of Katerina's character. She does not want and cannot pretend to be not honest with herself. The girl complains about the bitterness of her situation. It was this that prompted Katerina to take decisive action. The main character makes the final decision to be with Boris, and she no longer cares about the consequences.
Being at the gate to the garden, Katerina still doubts the correctness of her act, but then she follows the call of her heart.
The main character was not afraid of public rumor. She publicly announced her betrayal of her husband. Katerina understood all the sinfulness of her act, but she was ready to step over her principles and be with her loved one.
At the end of the play, Katerina dies. Her actions can be judged in different ways. She could not realize her dream - to be with her loved one, but she was able to show the whole tragedy of the "dark kingdom", which ruined her.
Katerina was able to betray her principles for the sake of love. For us, she will never be a fallen woman. We will remember her as a person who fought for her dream, even in this way.
