Created at the beginning of 1958, the Central Council of the VPO decided to build in 1958-59. in Moscow on the Lenin Hills of the Palace of Pioneers. On October 29, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, the laying of the "Moscow City Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren" took place on the Lenin Hills. On that day, a solemn rally was held, at which the secretary of the Central Committee of the Komsomol L. Balyasnaya, deputy chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow Council Z. Mironova, secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the Komsomol V. Stukalin, young worker E. Michurin, student L. Yudina and pioneer leader V. Kudinova spoke. They emphasized that the dream of young Muscovites would soon come true - they would have a large, bright and comfortable Palace for classes and recreation.
The authors of the Palace project were the young architects of Mosproekt-2 V.S. Egerev, V.S. Kubasov, F.A. Novikov, B.V. One of the oldest architects of the country, M.N. Khazhakyan, also worked with them.
When designing, the prospective development of infrastructure was taken into account. The transport accessibility of the Palace building for the children of Moscow was one of the main factors that determined the choice of the place for its construction. With the advent of the subway to the Lenin Hills, their modern transport development could be considered completed. The metro bridge across the river was built in 1958, the Leninskiye Gory station was opened in 1959. The escalator, moving up the slope, made it possible to climb the Leninskiye Gory without significant physical effort. He became another joy for the children heading to the Palace.
Work on the construction of the new building began at the end of 1958, and by the autumn of 1960 the construction of the main building was completed.
In September 1961, a special Decree was adopted by the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League, according to which the Palace was declared a shock Komsomol construction site. Boys and girls who came to the capital from all over the country worked at the construction site; Moscow schoolchildren and students also participated in this business in their free time; in total, the number of young participants in this construction was 50,000. The youth of the capital worked over 3 million hours on Sundays and Saturdays, and the pioneers worked over 21 thousand hours. Kruzhkovites often ran to the construction site in order to see through the huge stained-glass windows of the future building what was happening inside and find out when the construction would be completed.
2,000 trees and 100,000 flowers were planted on the territory of the Palace. Students from nearby schools also took an active part in the work on the improvement of the territory. The palace was ready for delivery.
By June 1, colorful art postcards depicting the interiors of the Palace and its appearance have been released. More than 300 plants, factories and research institutes in Moscow and other cities took part in its equipment.
Nothing could bring such joy as this work to the guys.
On June 1, 1962, the opening of the Palace took place. It was attended by the First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev, Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, First Secretary of the CPSU MGK P.N. Demichev, leading party and Komsomol workers of the capital, architects and builders of the Palace. Khrushchev and his entourage got into a road train, specially brought from VDNKh, and set off on a trip around the entire architectural complex of the Palace of Pioneers. From time to time the road train stopped, and the architects spoke in detail about how artistic and thematic compositions were created, laid out by masons according to the sketches of artists, about green spaces.
In architectural terms, the building of the Palace was innovative for its time and caused a wide discussion in a special press. The palace became a noticeable phenomenon of the transitional stage in the development of Soviet architecture.
The architecture of the Palace is distinguished by the geometric clarity of forms and organic fusion with the picturesque landscape. Remoteness from the roadway, free placement of buildings, large glazed surfaces and terraces organically connect the Palace with the surrounding nature.
The building of the Palace was built in the depths of the territory, and the role of the main entrance was assigned to the colonnade, near which later, in 1972, the sculpture of Malchish-Kibalchish was installed, the authors of which are the sculptor V.K. Frolov and the architect V.S. Kubasov.
Main alley.
Main building.
Rear facade.
Concert hall.
Rear facade.
Interior.
A special role in the ideological and artistic image of the Palace of Pioneers belongs to works of monumental and decorative art. Artists E. Abalin, V. Golubev, G. Derviz, I. Derviz, A. Gubarev, I. Drobyshev, I. Pchelnikov not only convincingly determined their place and chose the plots of the works, but also found new methods of revealing the theme and new materials. Above the entrance to the main building - a panel of colored smalt "Young Leninists".
Photograph of the 60s.
The stone bowl (currently it houses a flower bed and a man with a shovel) to the left of the alley leading to the main entrance, according to the plan, was intended for a huge gas fire.
View from above. 
Palace of Children and Youth Creativity(like Center for Children and Youth Creativity) - a type of institution of additional education for children in Russia, with a large number of children's creative associations, studios, art groups, associations (circles and sections) of technical, scientific and technical creativity, environmental education, sports sections, military-patriotic, tourist and local history associations , information technologies.
These palaces and centers arose in the year after the reorganization of the palaces (and houses) of pioneers and schoolchildren - as multidisciplinary institutions where classes are held, as a rule, free of charge. An insignificant part of associations (informatics, music education, early development of preschool children, certain types of wrestling and martial arts, car clubs) operate on the basis of parental fees.
Modern Russian palaces of creativity for children and youth
Today, palaces of creativity occupy an important place in the system of Russian education. Remaining, together with the Centers for Children's and Youth Creativity, the largest and most multifunctional institutions of additional education for children, they, in fact, are not only a conglomerate of student associations, but also a place for the development and communication of children.
A child studying at the Palace of Creativity finds a second home, where he is not only taught and formed some social skills, but where he finds his future profession, determines his life choice, like-minded friends, mentors for life. The ability to voluntarily choose the type of creativity, move from one circle or section to another, while remaining in the same institution, allows the child and adolescent to choose their place in life, more accurately assess their capabilities and abilities, and realize their creative potential.
As a rule, it is the Palaces, which have preserved the best traditions of the Soviet system of out-of-school education and received a powerful impetus with the development of the Russian system of additional education, that today are most in demand by parents and children for receiving a quality education that determines the child's professional choice. Many of the Palaces in the 90s opened gymnasiums and lyceums, other educational institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects. The practice of joint activities of universities and palaces is developing.
The methodological service of regional palaces of creativity (city, regional, regional, republican) works not only for the teaching staff of these institutions, but also for municipal houses and centers of creativity, centers for young technicians, tourists, etc., located in the region.
It has become a good practice to use the potential of the Palaces for the revival of children's public associations, many of the leaders of the regional unions of children's organizations work in the staff of the Palaces.
Some of the Palaces have their own out-of-town recreational and health-improving institutions for children (for example, the Zerkalny out-of-town recreation center of the St. Petersburg City Palace of Youth Creativity) for holding summer creative schools and profile shifts for pupils of the palaces.
Many of the palaces have become laureates of all-Russian competitions for institutions of additional education for children.
As part of the priority national project "Education", graduates and students of art palaces received awards to support talented youth, established by Decree of the President of Russia No. 325 of April 6, 2019. For example, in 2006-2007, more than 40 pupils of the St. Petersburg City Palace of Youth Creativity were awarded similar prizes in the amount of 30 thousand and 60 thousand rubles.
Related institutions in other countries
see also
- Moscow City Palace of Children's (Youth) Creativity
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Exactly one thing can be said about the Palace of Pioneers on Sparrow Hills: this is the best place in Moscow, and at the same time, it is not a Moscow place at all. It is not clear how it exists in this city, it is not clear how it exists at this time. The asymmetric green area is obliquely dissected by a regular grid of asphalt paths. On one side is a fifty-meter stainless steel flagpole. On the other hand, a light, elongated building with an observatory dome and a visor on disappearing columns. In the center - like a piece of glass of a typical Soviet cinema. There are modernist panels on the facades, and everything is very literal: pioneers, bonfires, pipes, Lenin - where without him. Behind the buildings connected in one complex, ash and walnut trees grow. It is quiet, there are no cars, schoolchildren are walking along the paths - even in the late autumn of 2014, the hopeful 1960s reign here.
The Palace of Pioneers began to be built immediately after the VI World Festival of Youth and Students in 1957, and opened on June 1, 1962 - six months remained before the publication of One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, and an eternity before tanks in Prague. At the parade of pioneers, the red ribbon of the new building was cut by Nikita Khrushchev himself. The Palace of Pioneers is the physical embodiment of the thaw and all the best that was in the Soviet Union. The first post-war generation grew up in the country, which did not have to fight for its existence. And in order to satisfy their needs for creativity, for the first time in Soviet history, a place for an eternal holiday was created for children.
Palace of Pioneers
on Sparrow Hills
A masterpiece of Soviet modernism, a team of authors was awarded the State Prize of the RSFSR
in Architecture 1967
Architects: Igor Pokrovsky (supervisor), Felix Novikov, Viktor Egerev, Vladimir Kubasov, Boris Paluy, Mikhail Khazhakyan, Yuri Ionov (engineer)
Years of creation: 1958–1962
Complex area: 48 ha
Number of students: 15,500 schoolchildren
The construction of the complex became an event in the architectural life of the USSR: several concert and theater halls, swimming pools, a winter garden, an observatory and exhibition spaces were combined in one long building. The competition was won by young and unknown architects under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich Pokrovsky (the future author of the development of Zelenograd) - everyone in the team of seven people was not even 35 years old. The project became their ticket to life: when the State Prize of the RSFSR in the field of architecture was established in 1967, it was the creators of the Palace of Pioneers who were the first to receive it.
The solution of the Pokrovsky team was radically different from everything that had happened before: these are very light, elegant buildings that fit well into the natural environment, united by a common laconic and clear style - the complete opposite of the excessive late Stalinist neoclassicism. Despite the half-century anniversary and the need for repairs, they still look fresh, modern and diverse. True, the architects did not manage to bring everything they had planned to the end: already in 1963, funding for the continuation of construction was curtailed.
The Palace of Pioneers on the Sparrow Hills is not limited to just one square or a modernist ensemble made with undeniable taste. It is much larger than its components, and, getting into this space, you can feel a touch of the sacred. Architecture is not only bricks, glass and reinforced concrete. Architecture always expresses the ideology and mood of society: by the difference between the spacious Novy Arbat and the bulky Akademik Sakharov Avenue, it is easy to imagine the difference between the beginning and end of the Brezhnev era. The Palace of Pioneers is a living utopia from the time when people believed that they would soon subdue thermonuclear fusion, create a just society and fly to distant planets on a shiny rocket. And therein lies its paradox.
This complex lives in a parallel reality - by the end of the 20th century, humanity experienced a crisis of faith in progress. No one is interested in a bright future anymore: why explore real space when you can discuss space adventures in Christopher Nolan's new film on social networks? And even more - the hope that things will be better in the future has been replaced by a fear of change and a desire to fence off the future, forget about its existence and return to the past, or at least leave everything as it is. But, being on Sparrow Hills, you do not feel this trouble: progress is great, and the future cannot but be beautiful. Because if it is not beautiful, then why live at all?
On the square near the Palace of Pioneers, it is easy to believe that everything will be fine. If only for this reason, in the late autumn of 2014 this is the best place in Moscow.
Photos: Polina Kirilenko
