In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Death of an official" Chervyakov is incredibly infected with the spirit of servility: having sneezed and splashed his bald head in front of the sitting general, the official was so frightened that, after humiliated requests to forgive him, he died of fear.
Hero story by A.P. Chekhov "Thick and thin”, the official Porfiry, met a school friend at the railway station and found out that he was a privy councilor, i.e. moved up significantly in career. In an instant, the “thin” turns into a servile creature, ready to humiliate and fawn.
Molchalin, a negative character comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" I am sure that one should please not only "all people without exception", but even "the janitor's dog, so that it is affectionate." The need to tirelessly please is also his affair with Sophia, Famusov's daughter. Maxim Petrovich, about whom Famusov tells Chatsky as a warning, in order to earn the favor of the empress, has turned into a jester, amusing her with ridiculous falls.
In the story of A.P. Chekhov "Chameleon" police warden Ochumelov grovels before those who are above him in the ranks and feels like a formidable boss in relation to those who are below. He changes his opinions in each situation to the opposite, depending on which person - significant or not - is hurt in it: the general's dog or not.
N.V. Gogol-comedy "The Government Inspector". In this comedy, N.V. Gogol presents us with the world of city officials. The writer exposes bribery, embezzlement, sycophancy, strict observance of official subordination. All officials speak to Khlestakov obsequiously, with trepidation. They know that everyone takes bribes, so they immediately start thinking about how to bribe the auditor. It is characteristic that the merchants, who are under the bureaucratic world in the play, come to Khlestakov with "a body of wine and sugar heads." Officialdom is depicted in the play grotesquely. So, the tyranny of the Governor is limitless. He appropriates the money earmarked for the construction of the church, subjecting the non-commissioned officer to the rods. The trustee of charitable institutions believes that a simple person "if he dies, then he will die anyway, if he recovers, then he will recover anyway," and instead of relying on oatmeal soup, he gives the sick one cabbage. The judge, confident that in his papers "Solomon himself will not decide what is true and what is not true in it," turns the judicial institution into his own fiefdom. Dr. Gibner is unable to communicate with his patients due to complete ignorance of the Russian language. The finale of this mess, according to the writer, is natural - the imaginary auditor leaves, but the real auditor arrives, who will be able to punish the guilty.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin - "The history of one city." This
the work is a bold and evil satire on the administrative arbitrariness that reigned in Russia. The writer creates grotesque images of mayors replacing each other in the city of Foolovo. Each of them has its own characteristic feature, something different from the rest. So, Perechvat-Zalikhvatsky rode into the city on a white horse, "burned the gymnasiums and abolished the sciences." Another mayor, Brodysty, instead of a head had a vessel with an organ, giving out only two phrases: “I will not tolerate it!” and "I'll ruin it!" Major Pimple had a stuffed head. Thus, the city of Foolov near Shchedrin is a grotesque image of all of Russia.
A.P. Chekhov - the story "Thick and thin." In this story, the author raises the problem of bureaucratic subordination, servility. Its plot is simple. Two old friends meet, at first they are very glad to each other, they communicate easily, but then the “thin” learns that his old acquaintance occupies an important government post. And all the simplicity of communication is immediately replaced by the observance of bureaucratic subordination. "Thin" begins to talk to the "fat" obsequiously, curry favor with him. The second hero maintains equanimity and good nature throughout the story. Thus, the writer here opposes the slavish psychology of a person, which leads to servility, flattery and servility.
V.V. Mayakovsky - the poem "The Sitting Ones".
In this poem, the poet raises the problem of bureaucracy. We see officials coming to serve in institutions and a pile of papers, from which "fifty" are selected for the next meeting. Moreover, these meetings follow one after another, their subject matter is ridiculous: the theater department meets with the main department for horse breeding, the purpose of another meeting is to resolve the issue of “purchasing a bottle of ink by the Sponge Operative”. The lyrical hero, vainly seeking an audience with officials, is sincerely indignant. He breaks into one of the meetings and sees "half people". The hero from this terrible picture "has lost his mind." The secretary calmly explains that the officials are "at two meetings at once." So in the plot of Mayakovsky's poem, a phraseological unit unfolds: "I can't be torn in two." The realistic, life situation merges in Mayakovsky with hyperbole, fantasy, and the grotesque.
Two random arguments on the topic "Scientific progress and morality" to the exam:
1) Morality and scientific and technological progress are hardly compatible concepts. Proof of this is Zamyatin's novel "We". The heroes of the work live in a special systemic system, where the population has achieved incredible scientific and technological progress, but has completely lost any moral principle and human feelings. People, living according to a special mechanism, have become like cogs in a large social machine. The whole life of the heroes is subject to certain laws and rules. There is a common, obligatory for all life schedule, even an intimate one, a person loses his name and becomes a "number". The whole world is subject only to logic and mathematics. This leads the heroes of the novel to moral degradation and the loss of the meaning of life. Thus, naked technical progress, which does not take into account the desires and needs of a person, turns society into a kind of soulless and uniform mass, while a person needs warmth, love and understanding.
2) In one of the Ural cities, they decided to blow up an abandoned church, so that it would be easier to extract marble at this place. When the explosion thundered, it turned out that the marble slab was cracked in many places and became unusable. This example clearly shows that the thirst for momentary gain leads a person to senseless destruction.
Usage example
For example, at the exam you got a text by D. Granin on the topic of honor. Using our service "Ready-made arguments for writing on the exam", you get the following two arguments * :
1) As you know, A. S. Pushkin died in a duel, fighting for the honor of his wife. M. Lermontov in his poem called the poet "a slave of honor." The quarrel, the cause of which was the offended honor of A. Pushkin, led to the death of the greatest writer. However, Alexander Sergeevich retained his honor and good name in the memory of people.
2) The hero with high moral character is Petrusha Grinev, a character in A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". Peter did not tarnish his honor even in those cases when it was possible to pay for it with his head. He was a man of high morals worthy of respect and pride. He could not leave Shvabrin's slander on Masha unpunished, so he challenged him to a duel.
Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev: he is a person for whom the concept of honor and nobility does not exist at all. He walked over the heads of others, stepping over himself for the sake of his momentary desires. Popular rumor says: "take care of the dress again, and honor from a young age." Once having tarnished honor, you are unlikely to ever be able to restore your good name.
As a result, most of your essay has already been written: 150 words (arguments) out of 200 (the full length of the answer required for the exam).
* The choice of arguments for a given topic is made automatically, with each new time you get a new pair of arguments.
Scientific progress is what helps us develop, learn more, provides many opportunities for humanity and in many ways improves the quality of its life. But not all people use the fruits of scientific progress in order to benefit society.
The main problem of the original text is the problem of the negative consequences of scientific progress. Can scientific progress harm humanity? And does it always benefit him?
I.G.Erenburg, by his text, wants to make it clear to readers that, firstly, scientific and technological progress can lead not only to positive consequences, but also to negative ones: “A machine can be good and evil”, and, secondly, it all depends on how the person himself uses this “machine”, because it is he who controls it and decides what moral values he should be guided by when using it: “The Nazis tried to replace the heart of a fighter with a motor, soldier’s endurance & . However, the Patriotic War proved the triumph of the human spirit.
Many great writers have addressed this problem in their works.
For example, in M. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog", Professor Preobrazhensky performed an experiment that turned out to be a real breakthrough in science: he transplanted the pituitary gland and endocrine glands of Klim Chugunkin, who died from a stab, who was convicted three times for theft, to the dog Sharik. The success was that this dog did not die, but gradually became a man named Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. But what? Selfish, ill-mannered, ungrateful, capable of stealing and causing a lot of inconvenience to people around him: he molested a neighbor's cook, appropriated several gold coins from a professor, deceived an innocent girl, demanded respect for him and informed the authorities about his creator.
Professor Preobrazhensky, realizing that his creation brings worries to many people, returns it to the opposite state.
And in V. Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matera", technological progress destroyed the lives of many people: the construction of a hydroelectric power station required the construction of a dam that would flood the island of Matera. All the inhabitants of this small village were warned and forced to leave, but for some of the heroes of the story, this place was a real homeland. They lived on it all their lives, their relatives and friends are buried there, and it was on Matera that they felt reunion with nature, which is impossible while living in the city. Grandmother Daria and her close friends were faithful to their island and were very upset by the upcoming event - the flooding of their painfully native village.
Scientific progress does not always benefit mankind, and he needs to think about this problem and try to solve it, at least starting with one person - himself. After all, what use can this progress be if people use it to destroy, escalate wars and commit murder?
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2017-11-10
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In the section on the question Does humanity really need technical progress? Only serious arguments. given by the author Caucasian the best answer is live in the village ... and you will understand everything and no arguments are needed))
Alexey Yurievich
Enlightened
(27377)
Yes
Answer from Dr. Discord[guru]
When a monkey first took a stick to get a fruit from a hard-to-reach place, this was the first step in scientific and technological progress. Without it, evolution might just bypass the apes. And accordingly - we would not be sitting on the Internet now, but jumping through the trees in the jungle.
And now decide whether this progress is needed or not.
Answer from Igor[guru]
"Even in virtue, the end goal is pleasure." (M. Montaigne) The structure of a person is such that he is able to enjoy mental activity. And from this activity - so much pleasure is obtained.
Therefore, progress is simply inevitable, no matter how we discuss it here. Well, the fact that it is technical is just its very initial stage.
Answer from pass for[guru]
Go naked to the taiga for a year. If you survive, you will receive an answer.
Answer from compound[guru]
Technological progress is not vital to human civilization...
But he is not avoided ... and it is more pleasant with him ...
Answer from Eugene[guru]
progress will destroy humanity as a race
Answer from Anatoly uvarov[guru]
needed to avoid repeating
Answer from Nikolay Deryagin[guru]
The lazy ones need it.
Answer from Murtaugh II[guru]
Is it more pleasant for you to relieve your need in a toilet bowl or in a hole in the ground?
Answer from Andrew ®[guru]
Needed.
Without it, 10 times fewer people would live on Earth.
Answer from Augusto Pinochet[guru]
Of course needed. Without it, we will return to the Stone Age and will not be able to live normally.
Answer from Heaven's gift[guru]
Progress is man's ability to complicate simplicity.
Answer from ERDETREU[guru]
Yes, not 10 times, but a thousand times less would live now.
Answer from Mikhail Maslov[guru]
Arguments:
1. A man and his family need a home (I don't explain why)
2. You need an ax to build a house.
3. A stone ax is worse than a copper one.
4. A copper ax is worse than an iron one.
... An atomic bomb is more powerful than TNT ... .
But you have to stop sometime to enjoy life in your home!
Answer from Voyageur[guru]
Spiritual is better...
Technical usually ends with a big nuclear winter ...
What are the consequences of the scientific and technological revolution? It is this question that arises when reading the text of D. A. Granin.
Revealing the problem of the influence of the scientific and technological revolution on the spiritual world of man, the author relies on his own reasoning and gives many examples from life. The danger of the scientific and technological revolution, according to the writer, lies in the fact that a person can become self-satisfied and limited, reducing all the diversity of the world only to a subject for scientific research.
Despite the fact that more and more people come to museums every year, art becomes only a sphere of consumption: tourists hurriedly walk around the halls, not having time to understand, feel and experience art. Books are read only for information. A utilitarian, primitive approach to art as a commodity leads to a loss of aesthetic taste. And for Darwin, for example, this is tantamount to the loss of happiness, it has a harmful effect on moral qualities, weakening the emotional side of human nature.
The development of science and the improvement of technology can lead to the spiritual degradation of man, slow down his development.
To confirm this idea, let's turn to the genre of dystopia. Ray Bradbury's 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451 foresaw many of the technological advances of the future. Before us is a consumer society, completely soulless, living only for material interests. Books that make you think are forbidden here. But the walls of the houses inside are equipped with huge TV screens with endless series, where the characters become almost family members, and interactive communication is possible. The protagonist is Guy Montag, a firefighter who, on duty, burns books if they are found in houses.
Recall another dystopia. This is the novel by E. I. Zamyatin “We”, which also depicts the future. The United State is separated from nature by a transparent wall, people in the same uniforms are numbers, subject to a single routine. Love here is just a “pleasant-useful feature” according to pink coupons. This society is soulless. And when the main character, the builder of Integral D-503, “forms a soul” because of love for I-330, he is subjected to surgery to cut out his fantasy. Literature as the highest form of art does not exist here, it is replaced by useful works written by order of the state.
We came to the conclusion that scientific and technological progress is indeed fraught with the danger of creating a soulless society.
Effective preparation for the exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2018-01-29
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