Unified State Examination in the Russian language task 8. Algorithms for completing the tasks of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language

Practice 8

b..gage zap..are rushing off..to rush into..new k..ridor

burnt .. to snuggle.. roaring.. to sing..

obscured..imaginary..to get out bl..stete comp..awning m..tafora

4. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

earthquake..seniority..report (friends)

5. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

board..natally located..live..light (with a lamp) apply..sleep d..tektiv

6. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

st..give birth to..nforka approx..ryat (dress) incompressible exp.

7. Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

s..redty pl..vchikha el..ment vyt..raw prom..porridge

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

alm..nah d..enrichment directive

9. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

exc.

10. Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

bringing.. r.. stability to.. habits.

11. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

attached..switching an..small exchange..whip fire..fly r..stock

12. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

round..shchenie b..lans r..spublika k..talog prisk..kat

13. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

up..to fight art..lleria note..to (friends)

14. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

see..homeland show..zatel d..stoverny locom..tiv lit..gatel

15. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

appl.. to direct.. to turn out.. d.. rector to ask ...

16. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

expensive..gie k..satelnaya r..mesleny zag..rely k..ridor

17. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

roasted

18. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

mon.. manie r.. storovschik l.. ktoriy g.. relay tr.. umf

19. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

r..dawn dist..pouring suppose..gat zh..luzi yuv..lir

20. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

g..rison por..vnu vyt..reet to..media k..side

21. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

please..fly dov..to..change prop..gandhian exchange..kick

22. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

designation r.

23. Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

to..sovrotka omr..chit in..hter adj..smoking an..small

24. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

internal..drilling

25. determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

river

26. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

pon..mania..offer

27. Determine the word in which the unstressed unchecked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

por..vnu vyt..ret one..narny p..lemika count..talk

28. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

call..pour expression..fading representative..vital..stelin or..entir

29. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

pok..army k..sat k..companion z..rya sk..chok

30. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

one..ravenous to..side-to-side g..roar pl..schikha note..ryat (dress)

There are three types of checks: for an unstressed checked, unchecked or alternating root vowel.
We immediately cross out the options that fit the second and third types that do not fit the description of the task.

1) Unstressed checked vowel
Choose words with the same root, where the vowel is under stress (do not forget that the selected words should be similar in meaning).

2) Unstressed unchecked vowel
As well as with the one being checked, we select words, but nothing should work out, because usually these are words borrowed from other languages.

3) Unstressed alternating vowel

A) the choice of a vowel depends on the stress:
No accent O:
-gar-, -gor- (meaning to burn)
-clan-, -clone- (meaning decline)
-creature-, -creation-(meaning to create)
No accent A:
-zor-, -zar- (meaning dawn);
-pilaf-, -float- (meaning to swim).
Exceptions: swimmer, swimmer.

B) the choice of a vowel depends on the end of the root:
-skak-, -skoch- (meaning to jump);
-grow-, -grow-, -grow- (meaning grow).
Exceptions: Rostov, Rostislav, sprout, usurer, industry, jump.

C) the choice of a vowel depends on the suffix after the root:
-false-, -lagA- (meaning to put);
-kos-, -kasA- (meaning to touch);
-ber-, -bira- (meaning to collect);
-der-, -dirA- (meaning to rip off);
-glitter-, -blista- (meaning to shine);
-ter-, -tyrA- (meaning to wipe);
-per-, -pira- (meaning to lock);
-mer-, -peace- (meaning to freeze);
-stel-, -stilA- (meaning to cover);
-burned-, -burned- (meaning set fire to);
-even-, -chitA- (meaning count);
-imA- (for example, understand - understand);
-inA- (for example, reap -reap).
Exceptions: combine, combination, couple.

D) the choice of a vowel depends on the meaning of the root:
-equal- (same), -even- (smooth);
-poppy- (immerse in liquid), -mok-, -moch- (become wet)
Exceptions: peer, level, equally, plain, equal, equal.

Now you can practice this task.

Test options for task 7 from the Unified State Examination in Russian:

Try to solve them yourself and compare with the answers at the end of the page

A) checked ... growled, TV ... rhenium, sp ... cool
B) n ... starting, in ... negrete, in vain
C) to ... moreka, goodbye ... goodbye, to ... negotiate
D) transparent ... piercing, surprised ... curled, look ...

Example 2:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) bl ... city, za ... chew, p ... front garden
B) to ... sa, to ... to touch, to ... nina
C) annoy ... rattling, k ... company, prok ... zhenny
D) enlightenment ... stele, gather ... gather, ... monotonous

Example 3:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) timid ... s... early, little ...
B) partly, p ... scary, stop ... thief
C) turn ... rip, phil ... telist, b .. gray
D) k... satelny, k... dairy, sh... karnaya

Example 4:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) bl.
B) pl.
B) entertain ... settle, up ... pass, hug ..
D) damage ... change, reject ... fight, c ... conflict

Example 5:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) zah ... wanted, podm ... bent, in ... ntilation
B) burning ... burning, m ... physical, cl ... ptoman
B) p ... roaring, op ... rhenium, with ... leon
D) with .. serious, miscalculate ... tumble, ... alternate

Example 6:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) br ... vada, vyt ... paradise, tr ... nirovka
B) to ... menisty, folded ... nipped, pos ... melier
B) faster ... more, sh ... high-rise, ... caught
D) otg ... roaring, having fun ... pouring, silent ... talking

Example 6:

In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words?

A) yoke ... rka, r ... numbered, p ... stihi
B) well ... here, sanctuary, b ... steak
C) pon ... mother, zasl ... take, ser ... bro
D) st ... leafy, wood ... wooden, g ... lodat

Task number 8 in the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, it checks the spelling skills of the roots. To complete this task, it is necessary to analyze 5 words and determine in which of them the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing.

Task 8 example:

in..mercury

h..roaring

application

p..norama

bl..stet

Answer: _______________

The vowel at the root of a word can be checked, unchecked and alternating. As a rule, among the answer options, all three types are offered.

Checked vowel in the root

To check an unstressed vowel in the root, you need to choose a single-root word or change the form of the word so that the vowel is stressed.

1. Selection of a single-root word: pl A fly - well A lky, din A michny - din A mika

2. Changing the form of a word: in O yes - in O day, d O ska - d O ski

Important! You cannot check the vowel in the root with verbs with the suffixes -IVA- (-ЫВА-), since alternation O / A (op O build - p O cool, not op A zd yva t);

Words with combinations -OLO- / -ORO- and -RA- / -LA- are checked only by words with the same combinations (to check the word CITY, you cannot use the word GRAD ...)

Unchecked vowel in the root

There are a large number of words in which the spelling of the vowel is not checked by stress. Their spelling is checked against a dictionary, so they are called vocabulary.

For example: vinaigrette, conductor, avant-garde, dilemma, design, contrast, dependent, carnival, catastrophe, president, parody, comfort, blizzard, stepmother, resume, blasphemy, satire, self-interest, flyover...

Alternating vowels at the root

In Russian, there are a number of roots in which the vowel can alternate depending on certain conditions (o / a, e / and):

Algorithm for completing task 8:

1) Highlight the roots in all words

2) Drop words with an alternating vowel in the root and familiar vocabulary words

3) For the remaining words, try to pick up test words in which the stress falls on the gap

4) Write down the answer by inserting a vowel in the gap

So let's get to the challenge:

Let's highlight the roots in all the words: in?mercury, h?r comforting, with l?f enie, to norms A, bl?st at;

thanks to this, we can define two words with alternation in the root - application (lie / lag) and shine (blist / shine), we exclude them.

We need to put the vowels in the remaining words under stress: enchanting - charms; words virtuoso And panorama cannot be checked, they are dictionary.

ANSWER: bewitching.

2nd example:

8. Determine the word in which the unstressed checked vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.

speed..chok

kr..branches

h..can

updated..was

then .. listen

1. Select the roots in all words: speed..h OK, kr..branch And, h..kan it, about n..in lay on r..vn yat; among these words we see 2 with an alternating vowel - jump (jump / jump, write A, because this is excl.), level (even / equal, write O, because the meaning is: even, straight);

2. Let's try to check the rest of the words with stress. It is impossible to check the words to mint and shrimp, they are dictionary words.

UPDATED .. FALLED - new, in a new way; write about

Answer: updated.

Task 8 on the exam in the Russian language is to search for a word with an unstressed checked, unchecked or alternating vowel. Here, the ability to select test words, find roots with alternation and understand the peculiarities of their spelling, as well as knowledge of words, the spelling of which must be remembered, is checked.

Task execution algorithm

• select test words (if possible);
• check for alternation at the root;
• if verification is not possible, the word is dictionary.

Spelling words with a vowel that cannot be checked must be memorized. Words that you should pay attention to when preparing for the exam in the Russian language:

Lilac, constitutional, cherish, criterion, excavator, pedestal, cosmetology, veterinarian, insidious, magnificent, reservoir, rehearsal, restore, restoration, greatness, combination of zones, polyclinic, compose, catastrophe, inquisition, thoroughly , contingent, calendar, declaration, priority, primitive, discipline, masterpiece, vestibule, division, career guidance, carnival, fastidious, crimson, but nomalia, frying pan, intelligent, bewitch, but nta go nism, priority, delegation, mother-of-pearl, original, a-pellation, grocery store, deserter, cory-fay, celebration, veteran, lorgnette, symmetrical, residence, conductor, mischief-maker, profile, pavement, rehabilitation, vacancy , scarcity, greed, restore, experiment, but steely, pessimist, philanthropist, agronomist, boycott, a party, sovereignty, roll, campaign, certificate, vinaigrette, still life, a va nture, preliminary, cheesecake, felt-tip pen, hurricane, catalog, wait a crown, privileged, closet, watercolor, orange, landscape, burner, stadium, garrison, paradox, meridian, conference, motivate, glamour, applause, percentage, accordion, dimensions, string, li nole mind, front garden, notary, conciseness, contrast, dreamer, holster, panorama, initials, torpedo, sense of smell , optimist, а two kat, scholarship.

Method for checking an unstressed vowel - selection of a test word(its forms or a single root): acrobatic - acrobat, repentance - repent, deprived - divides, mood - attitude, sparing - mercy, walk - walk, gums - gums, watered - watered.

Roots (alternating vowel)

Gar-gor: under stress is written a, without stress o - frenzy, burn away. BUT burn, scorch, scorch;
Zar - dawn: without stress a, under stress - what is heard - lightning, dawn. BUT to mature;
Clan - clone: ​​without stress o, under stress - what is heard - bow, bow;
Creature - creation: without emphasis on, under emphasis - what is heard - the creator, the creature. BUT utensil.
Chit-chet, dir-der, tir-ter, steel-steel, beer-ber, blist-glisten, peer-per, world-mer, jig-zheg is written and, if there is a suffix a: to tear apart, it will tear. BUT combine, combination, couple;
Cas-kos: and if there is a suffix a - tangent, touch;
A (ya) -im (in): it is written by them (in), if the suffix a is to compress, compress.
Lag-lodge: before g - a, before g - o - term, addition. BUT canopy;
Skak-skoch: before k - a, before h - o - jump off, upstart. BUT jump, jump, jump, jump;
Rast-rasch-grew: before s - o, before st and u - a - a plant, has grown. BUT sprout, branch, branch, for growth, Rostislav, Rostov, usurer.
Plav-plov: plov - in the words "swimmer, swimmer", plav - in the rest. BUT quicksand;
Equal-even: equal - “similar in size, quality” - equalize in possibilities, equal - “smooth” - level. BUT plain, alignment, level, equally, coeval;
Poppy-mok-wet: poppy - “dip into liquid” - dip the brush, wet, wet - “pass liquid, be wet” - soak.

Examples of tasks and their analysis

Example 1

Find the word that is missing: unstressed checked root vowel

take ... ret
incarnation
to ... rtina
subtract ... tat

Example 2

Identify the missing word: unstressed unchecked root vowel

polar…tic
iss ... kat
vyzh…gat
g..rison

"Political", "dry out": politics, dry out. "Burn" - a root with alternation -burn. Answer: " horizon».

Example 3

Identify the missing word: unstressed alternating root vowel

split ... breaks
dispose of
n ... liters
r ... splendid

“Luxury”, “dispose of” we check: luxury, routine, the word “palette” cannot be checked. Answer: " tears apart» (-dir).

Typical cases of violation of syntactic norms

1. Incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition

   thanks to (someone) friend
   contrary to (something) expectation
   according to (what?) schedule

   upon arrival in Kazan
   upon expiration
   upon arrival home

   • Remember that the prepositions THANKS, ACCORDINGLY, DESPITE are used only with the dative case:
   • The preposition "PO" governs the prepositional case.
2. Negotiation violation
3. An error in the construction of a complex sentence, which are of three types:
   • compound (consist of equal parts)
   • complex subordinate (consist of the main and subordinate parts)
   • complex sentences with different types of connections
4. Violation in the construction of a sentence with a separate definition
5. Misuse of them. numeral
   To find a mistake, you need to know number declension rules:
   • For complex numbers, both parts of the word are declined, and for ordinal numbers, only the last word changes;
   • The numeral "both" is only used with singular nouns;
   • The numerals "two", "three", etc. are not used with feminine nouns and with words denoting adult animals.
6. Incorrect use of the pronoun.
7. Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech.
8. Error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members
   To find an error, you need to be able to find homogeneous members in a sentence, and also know Basic Rules:
   • It is impossible to combine verbs and nouns, full and short forms of adjectives and participles, participial or participle turnover and a subordinate clause, generic and specific concepts, as well as concepts that are distant in meaning, into a homogeneous series.
   • It is impossible to use a common dependent word with homogeneous members that require different management. This error is also called "Violation of control with homogeneous members of the sentence."
   • Double conjunctions must not be mangled, and correct word order must be observed when using double conjunctions.
   • There should be no excessive use of unions.
9. Violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application.
10. Disruption of the connection between the subject and the predicate.
    To find a mistake, you need to be able to determine the subject and predicate in a sentence, and also know Basic Rules:
    • The predicate must agree with the subject, and not with the secondary members of the sentence.
    • If the subject is a masculine noun denoting a position or profession, then the gender of the predicate is determined from the context. If there is an indication of the female gender, the predicate must be feminine, otherwise it must be masculine.
    • If the subject is an abbreviated word, the gender of the predicate is determined by the main word from the phrase.
    • The pronoun "who" is used with the verb in the singular and masculine.
    • A separate turnover does not affect the form of the predicate.
    • If the numeral is the subject and ends in one, then the predicate must be in the singular.
11. Violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover.
    To find a mistake, you need to be able to find the participle in the sentence, and also know Basic Rules:
    • The participial turnover must be consistent with the word being defined;
    • The participial turnover should not be removed from the word being defined;
    • The participial turnover should not be broken into parts by the word being defined.