Enemy bombers hovered over the Volga day and night. They chased not only tugs, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported to them.

Composition

In difficult times of war, when hunger and death become constant companions, not everyone is able to retain the ability to sacrifice himself for the good of the Motherland. In this text, V.M. Bogomolov invites us to think about the problem of heroism.

Turning to this problem, the author cites as an example the story of a “heroic voyage”, which during the Great Patriotic War was able to deliver ammunition to the other side through shelling and explosions. The writer focuses on the inconspicuousness of the "steamboat" carrying a barge with boxes, and on the unimpressiveness of the crew itself, consisting of three people. However, this was only a first impression. Later V.M. Bogomolov points out to us the invincibility of the “old Volgar”, who was not at all afraid of the shelling, and the self-sacrifice of Irina and the soldiers who, through smoke, fire and the risk of flying into the air at any moment, saved the boxes from fire. The author brings us to the idea of ​​the incredible fortitude of the entire crew, ready to sacrifice their lives for the sake of preserving ammunition and further victory of their Fatherland in the war.

The author believes that heroism is a sense of duty to one's people and one's Fatherland. Selflessly defending the Motherland during the war, the fighters are driven precisely by heroism, by an urgent need to help their homeland by any means.

I fully agree with the opinion of the Soviet writer and also believe that a sense of patriotism, a sense of duty to the fatherland can make a person, in spite of any difficulties, perform heroic deeds.

We can observe the manifestation of true heroism in the story of Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man". This work is based on real facts from the biography of fighter pilot Alexei Maresyev, who, having been shot down in battle over the occupied territory, with injured feet, but not with a broken spirit, made his way through the forest for a long time and ends up with the partisans. And later, having lost both legs, the hero, driven by the desire to do as much as possible for his country, again sits at the helm and replenishes the treasury of air victories of the Soviet Union.

The problem of heroism and courage is also revealed in the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrey Sokolov, who lost his entire family, was still able to repay his debt to his homeland with his last strength. He was a military driver to the last, and when he was captured, he was not embarrassed for a moment in front of Miller, was not afraid of death and showed him the full power of the Russian character. Later, Sokolov escaped from captivity and, even being terribly emaciated and tormented, was still full of readiness to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory.

Thus, we can conclude that in the all-consuming, all-destroying conditions of war, the simplest person, endowed only with a deep feeling of love for the Motherland and a sincere desire to help, can show himself to be a true hero.

In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of feat, heroism and selflessness. That's what he's thinking about.

This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but excite modern man.

The writer reveals this problem on the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but when he learned that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their dying hour so that they would not it was so scary and to soften the picture of horror that

unfolded in front of them: “He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly stand on his feet.

He found his class, gathered all his students. And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when a teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary.”

The writer also shows the masculinity, fearlessness and selflessness of the teacher, his love for children, how he inspired them by teaching them his last lesson: “Children,” the teacher said, “I told you how real people died for their homeland. Now it's our turn. Come on! Your last history lesson is about to begin.” And fifth

the class followed their teacher.”

The author's position is clear: Yu. Ya. Yakovlev believes that a feat can mean not only saving the lives of other people, but also helping in the hour of death, for example, becoming an example to follow and support, especially if you have to sacrifice your life for this.

This problem is reflected in the literature. For example, in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment, Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on a “yellow ticket” in order to feed her stepmother, who is ill with consumption, her young children and her father, a drunkard. Sonya helps Raskolnikov to overcome himself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor. Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.

Another example is Maxim Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, in order to prove his love for people, tore his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest. Danko is the embodiment of selfless, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: a feat means not only saving the lives of others, but also help, self-sacrifice.

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Other works on this topic:

1. In the center of our attention is the work of Vladimirovich Bogomolov, a Russian writer, which describes the problem of feat, heroism, selflessness, readiness to sacrifice oneself. In the text, the author talks about the feat ...
2. B. Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man." The fighter plane of Alexei Meresyev was shot down. Shell-shocked and wounded, the hero was able to survive and crawl out of the forest to his own. After amputation...
3. 1. Danko as an ideal hero. 2. Purpose of Danko. 3. Contrasting the hero and the crowd. In their work, writers often turn to the theme of achievement. Heroic deeds...
4. “Recently, I have read and heard more than once that the alleged mass heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War was due to ...
5. Larra and Danko are images that represent two types of romantic character: anti-hero and hero. The selfishness and pride of the son of an eagle and an earthly woman do not bring happiness to Larra....
6. Is there a place for heroism in peacetime? This serious problem is discussed in this text. The author says that———.Sometimes in a peaceful life...
7. In life ... there is always a place for exploits. M. Gorky The first works of M. Gorky immediately attracted attention with their romantic pathos, the image of proud and courageous people, ...
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9. The world of romantic works of the early period of M. Gorky's work. The description of events in the novels and other works of the early M. Gorky, the romantic period, differs from the generally accepted understanding of this ...
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Many writers in their works addressed the theme of war and the problem of the manifestation of various human qualities in it. One of these is Sergey Alekseev with his story "Zoya". The main character is a girl in a partisan detachment. Having been captured by the Nazis, she does not give them information, even despite the threat to her own life. Neither cruel torture, nor a noose hanging around her neck, broke the strong-willed girl. By her own example, she showed what a person is ready for for the liberation of his native land.

A striking example is the personality of Alexei Meresyev, the protagonist of B. Polevoy's work "The Tale of a Real Man", which tells a story that really happened with a Soviet pilot. The hero of the story, thanks to his will, strong character and courage, was able to go out to the partisans when he was shot down over the occupied territory.

Alexei was seriously injured, both legs were amputated, but he continued to fly and fight the enemy.

This problem has been covered many times in their works by many authors. For example, Sergei Baruzdin in the story "Her name is Yolka." The author tells about the heroism, courage and perseverance of two friends, Yolka and Lenka. Still a very young girl, she was a liaison between the shore with the Soviet troops and a partisan detachment, and her friend was a tanker. They died doing their duty to the Motherland and doing everything possible to bring Victory closer.

M. A. Sholokhov did not disregard this problem either. In the story "The Fate of a Man", he reveals the problem of moral achievement. Are you joining in 2019? Our team will help you save your time and nerves: we will select directions and universities (according to your preferences and recommendations of experts); we will issue applications (you will only have to sign); we will apply to Russian universities (online, by e-mail, by courier); we monitor competitive lists ( we automate the tracking and analysis of your positions); we will tell you when and where to submit the original (we will evaluate the chances and determine the best option). Entrust the routine to professionals - more details.

Andrei Sokolov, the protagonist of the story, having returned from the war that claimed the lives of his wife, son and daughters, adopts an orphaned boy who is also left without relatives. Despite the loss of his family, Andrei Sokolov did not break down and remained a man, which can already be called a feat, because not everyone is capable of it.

This problem was highlighted by Boris Vasiliev in the work “The Dawns Here Are Quiet”. The main characters of the story, the girls - anti-aircraft gunners, show heroism and courage in the fight against a detachment of saboteurs. Even the numerical superiority of the enemy did not frighten the girls, they stood until their last breath. Thanks to such people who fought without sparing their lives, we were able to defeat fascism.

Useful material

The famous American poet and writer Eleanor Mary Sarton, known to millions of readers as May Sarton, owns the oft-quoted words: "Think like a hero - and you will behave like a decent person."

Much has been written about the role of heroism in people's lives. This virtue, which has a number of synonyms: courage, valor, courage, is manifested in the moral strength of its bearer. Moral strength allows him to follow the real, real service to the homeland, people, humanity. What is the problem with true heroism? Arguments can be used in different ways. But the main thing in them: true heroism is not blind. Various examples of heroism are not just overcoming certain circumstances. They all have one thing in common - they bring a sense of perspective to people's lives.

Many bright classics of literature, both Russian and foreign, sought and found their bright and unique arguments to cover the theme of the appearance of the phenomenon of valor. The problem of heroism, fortunately for us readers, is illuminated by the masters of the pen in a bright, non-trivial way. What is valuable in their works is that the classics immerse the reader into the spiritual world of the hero, whose lofty deeds are admired by millions of people. The topic of this article is a review of some of the works of the classics, in which there is a special approach to the issue of heroism and courage.

Heroes are all around us

Today, in the philistine psyche, unfortunately, a distorted concept of heroism prevails. immersed in their own problems, in their own little selfish world. Therefore, fresh and non-trivial arguments on the problem of heroism are fundamentally important for their consciousness. Believe me, we are surrounded by heroes. We simply do not notice them because our souls are short-sighted. Not only men perform feats. Take a closer look - a woman, according to the verdict of doctors, unable to give birth in principle - gives birth. Heroism can and does manifest itself by our contemporaries at the bedside, at the negotiating table, in the workplace, and even at the kitchen stove. You just need to learn to see it.

The literary image of God is like a tuning fork. Pasternak and Bulgakov

Sacrifice distinguishes true heroism. Many brilliant literary classics try to influence the beliefs of their readers by raising the bar for understanding the essence of heroism as high as possible. They find creative strength to uniquely convey the highest ideals to readers, telling in their own way about the feat of God, the son of man.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak in Doctor Zhivago, an extremely honest work about his generation, writes about valor as the highest emblem of humanity. According to the writer, the problem of true heroism is revealed not in violence, but in virtue. He expresses his arguments through the uncle of the protagonist, N. N. Vedenyapin. He believes that the beast slumbering in each of us is not able to stop a tamer with a whip. But this is within the power of a preacher who sacrifices himself.

The classic of Russian literature, the son of a professor of theology, Mikhail Bulgakov, in his novel The Master and Margarita, presents us with his original literary interpretation of the image of the Messiah - Yeshua Ha-Nozri. The preaching of Good, with which Jesus came to people, is a dangerous business. Words of truth, conscience, running counter to the foundations of society, are fraught with death for those who uttered them. Even the procurator of Judea, who, without hesitation, can come to the aid of Mark the Rat-Slayer, surrounded by the Germans, is afraid to tell the truth (while he secretly agrees with the views of Ha-Nozri.) The peaceful messiah courageously follows his fate, and the battle-hardened Roman commander is a coward. Bulgakov's arguments are convincing. The problem of heroism for him is closely connected with the organic unity of worldview, worldview, word and deed.

Arguments of Henryk Sienkiewicz

The image of Jesus in a halo of courage also appears in Henryk Sienkiewicz's novel Kamo Gryadeshi. Bright finds the Polish literary classic shades to create a unique plot situation in his famous novel.

After Jesus was crucified and resurrected, he came to Rome, following his mission: to convert the Eternal City to Christianity. However, he, an inconspicuous traveler, having barely arrived, becomes a witness to the solemn entry of the emperor Nero. Peter is shocked by the worship of the Romans to the emperor. He does not know what arguments to find for this phenomenon. The problem of heroism, the courage of a person who ideologically opposes the dictator, is covered, starting with Peter's fear that the mission will not be completed. He, having lost faith in himself, flees from the Eternal City. However, leaving behind the city walls, the apostle saw Jesus in human form coming towards them. Stunned by what he saw, Peter asked the Messiah where he was going: “Where are you going?” Jesus replied that since Peter had left his people, he had only one thing to do - to go to the crucifixion a second time. True service certainly involves courage. Shocked Peter returns to Rome...

The theme of courage in "War and Peace"

Russian classical literature is rich in discussions about the essence of heroism. Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy in his epic novel "War and Peace" raised a number of philosophical questions. In the image of Prince Andrei, following the path of a warrior, the writer put his own special arguments. The problem of heroism and courage is painfully rethought and evolving in the mind of the young Prince Bolkonsky. His youthful dream - to accomplish a feat - is inferior to understanding and awareness of the essence of the war. To be a hero, and not to appear - this is how the life priorities of Prince Andrei change after the battle of Shengraben.

Staff officer Bolkonsky understands that the real hero of this battle is the battery commander Modest, who is lost in the presence of his superiors. The object of ridicule adjutants. The battery of a small and frail nondescript captain did not flinch in front of the invincible French, inflicted damage on them and made it possible for the main forces to retreat in an organized manner. Tushin acted on a whim, he did not receive an order to cover the rear of the army. Understanding the essence of the war - these were his arguments. The problem of heroism is rethought by Prince Bolkonsky, he abruptly changes his career and, with the assistance of M. I. Kutuzov, becomes the commander of the regiment. In the Battle of Borodino, he, who raised the regiment on the attack, is seriously wounded. Napoleon Bonaparte sees the body of a Russian officer with a banner in his hands. The reaction of the French emperor is respect: "What a beautiful death!" However, for Bolkonsky, the act of heroism coincides with the realization of the integrity of the world, the importance of compassion.

Harper Lee "To Kill a Mockingbird"

Comprehension of the essence of the feat is also present in a number of works by American classics. The novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" is studied in schools by all little Americans. It contains an original discourse on the essence of courage. This idea sounds from the lips of the lawyer Atticus, a man of honor, taking on a fair, but by no means profitable business. His arguments for the problem of heroism are as follows: courage is when you take on a task, while knowing in advance that you will lose. But still you take it and go to the end. And sometimes you still manage to win.

Melanie by Margaret Mitchell

In a novel about the American South of the 19th century, he creates a unique image of the fragile and refined, but at the same time courageous and brave Lady Melanie.

She is sure that there is something good in all people, and is ready to help them. Her modest, neat house is becoming famous in Atlanta thanks to the sincerity of the owners. In the most dangerous periods of her life, Scarlett receives such help from Melanie that it is impossible to appreciate.

Hemingway on heroism

And of course, you can not get around Hemingway's classic story "The Old Man and the Sea", which tells about the nature of courage and heroism. The fight of the elderly Cuban Santiago with a huge fish is reminiscent of a parable. Hemingway's arguments on the problem of heroism are symbolic. The sea is like life, and old Santiago is like a human experience. The writer utters the words that have become the leitmotif of true heroism: “Man was not created to suffer defeat. You can destroy it, but you can't defeat it!"

Strugatsky brothers "Picnic by the road"

The story introduces its readers into a phantasmagoric situation. Obviously, after the arrival of aliens, an anomalous zone formed on Earth. Stalkers find the "heart" of this zone, which has a unique property. A person who enters this territory receives a tough alternative: either he dies, or the zone fulfills any of his desires. The Strugatskys skillfully show the spiritual evolution of a hero who has decided on this feat. His catharsis is convincingly shown. The stalker does not have anything selfish mercantile, he thinks in terms of humanity and, accordingly, asks the zone for "happiness for everyone", but such that they are not deprived of it. What, according to the Strugatskys, is the problem of heroism? Arguments from literature testify that it is empty without compassion and humanism.

Boris Polevoy "The Tale of a Real Man"

There was a period in the history of the Russian people when heroism became truly massive. Thousands of warriors immortalized their names. The high title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to eleven thousand fighters. At the same time, 104 people were awarded it twice. And three people - three times. The first person to receive this high title was ace pilot Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin. Only in one day - 04/12/1943 - he shot down seven planes of the fascist invaders!

Of course, forgetting and not conveying such examples of heroism to new generations is like a crime. This should be done using the example of Soviet "military" literature - these are the arguments of the Unified State Examination. The problem of heroism is highlighted to schoolchildren on examples from the works of Boris Polevoy, Mikhail Sholokhov, Boris Vasiliev.

Front correspondent of the newspaper "Pravda" Boris Polevoy was shocked by the story of the pilot of the 580th fighter regiment Alexei Maresyev. In the winter of 1942, he was shot down over the sky of the Novgorod region. Wounded in the legs, the pilot crawled to his own for 18 days. He survived, got there, but gangrene "ate" his legs. Amputation followed. In the hospital where Alexei was lying after the operation, there was also a political instructor. He managed to ignite Maresyev's dream - to return to the sky as a fighter pilot. Overcoming the pain, Alexey learned not only to walk on prostheses, but also to dance. The apotheosis of the story is the first air battle conducted by the pilot after being wounded.

The medical board "surrendered". During the war, the real Alexei Maresyev shot down 11 enemy aircraft, and most of them - seven - after being wounded.

Soviet writers have convincingly revealed the problem of heroism. Arguments from the literature testify that feats were performed not only by men, but also by women called to serve. The story of Boris Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" is striking in its drama. A large sabotage group of fascists, numbering 16 people, landed in the Soviet rear.

Young girls (Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Sonya Gurevich, Galya Chetvertak) are dying heroically, serving at 171 railway sidings under the command of foreman Fedot Vaskov. However, they destroy 11 fascists. The foreman discovers the remaining five in the hut. He kills one and captures four. Then he surrenders the prisoners to his own, losing consciousness from fatigue.

"Destiny of Man"

This story by Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov introduces us to the former Red Army soldier - driver Andrei Sokolov. Simply and convincingly revealed by the writer and heroism. Arguments that touch the soul of the reader did not have to look for a long time. In almost every family, the war brought grief. Andrei Sokolov had it in abundance: in 1942, his wife Irina and two daughters died (a bomb hit a residential building). My son miraculously survived and after this tragedy he volunteered for the front. Andrei himself fought, was captured by the Nazis, and fled from him. However, a new tragedy awaited him: in 1945, on May 9, a sniper killed his son.

Andrei himself, having lost his entire family, found the strength to start life "from scratch". He adopted a homeless boy Vanya, becoming his adoptive father. This moral feat again fills his life with meaning.

Conclusion

Such are the arguments to the problem of heroism in classical literature. The latter is really capable of supporting a person, awakening courage in him. Although she is not able to help him financially, she raises a border in his soul that Evil cannot cross. This is how Remarque wrote about the books in the Arc de Triomphe. The argumentation of heroism in classical literature occupies a worthy place.

Heroism can also be presented as a social phenomenon of a kind of "self-preservation instinct", but not of individual life, but of the whole society. A part of society, a separate "cell" - a person (feats are performed by the most worthy), consciously, driven by altruism and spirituality, sacrifices himself, preserving something more. Classical literature is one of the tools that helps people understand and comprehend the non-linear nature of courage.

The feat of a man in the war (according to the story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov")

Vasil Bykov is a representative of that literature about the Great Patriotic War, which later received the definition of "literature of lieutenants", that is, literature whose representative himself fought, sat in the trenches, saw a feat in the everyday work of a soldier. That is why Tolstoy's traditions of depicting war as an event unnatural to human nature are clearly visible in Bykov's prose. In addition, V. Bykov was always sure that it is war that helps to reveal the essence of each person, since the main problem is the self-consciousness of a person in the face of death. In the story "Sotnikov" V. Bykov contrasted two ordinary Soviet people: Sotnikov and Rybak. Not a German and a Russian, but two Russian soldiers. And if Sotnikov goes through difficult trials with honor and accepts death without renouncing his beliefs, then Rybak, facing death, changes his beliefs in fear, betrays his homeland, saves his life, which after betrayal loses all meaning. He practically becomes an enemy. He goes into the world of policemen, in which personal well-being becomes paramount, and fear for his life makes him kill and betray.

Perhaps, something vile, but hidden, was implicitly laid in Rybak, but in the face of death, a person became what he really is. What an amazing transformation is happening to this man. At first, the strong and quick-witted Rybak seemed more prepared for the task than the frail, sick Sotnikov. However, if Rybak, who “managed to find some way out” all his life, is internally ready to commit a crime, then Sotnikov remains true to human duty until his last breath.

In the story of B. Bykov, everyone took his place among the victims and executioners. And all, except Rybak, went their deadly path to the end. The weakness of Rybak, his irrepressible thirst for the continuation of life was felt by the same traitor - the policeman, and, almost without thinking, stunned Rybak point-blank: “Let's save life. You will serve Greater Germany." Rybak has not yet agreed to go to the police, but he has already been spared from torture. Rybak did not want to die and blurted out something to the investigator. Sotnikov, during the torture, lost consciousness, but did not say anything.

It is at this moment that ordinary actions begin to pass into the category of a feat. And although the true interpretation of the word "feat" is a heroic, selfless deed, Sotnikov accomplishes precisely the feat, choosing death and denying betrayal. Sotnikov seemed to have come to terms with death. Of course, he would like to die in battle, but now that it has become impossible for him, the only thing left for him was to decide on his attitude towards the people who were nearby. That is why, before the execution, Sotnikov declares to the investigator: "I am a partisan, the rest have nothing to do with it." In the last minutes of his life, Sotnikov suddenly loses his former confidence in the right to demand certain norms of behavior from others. Inwardly, he is ready to forgive even Rybak. Nor did he seek the sympathy of the Sotnikov from the crowd surrounding the place of execution.

Is it possible to consider Sotnikov a hero if he did not have time to fire a single shot? V. Bykov was able to show in a new way and, most importantly, to prove that a person can accomplish a feat not only physically, but also spiritually. It is the sphere of spirituality that dominates Sotnikov, who had a dream before his death about himself, a child and a father, who told him: "There was fire, and there was the highest justice in the world." Justice is not on earth, but in heaven. And then Sotnikov realized that it was in his power to leave the world in good conscience, and this was the highest reward that life gave him. It was in this episode that V. Bykov succeeded in elucidating the concept of a feat in a new way, recalling that the main thing is whether a person has retained a person in himself.

The story of V. Bykov "Sotnikov" became one of the first works about the war, which dealt with the theme of betrayal, elevated to a completely new moral category. The fact is that the writer makes it possible to interpret Rybak's offense as an act of a soldier who goes to any lengths to save his life and continue the fight against enemies. After all, the author himself repeatedly emphasized: “... Most often I am not talking about heroes and not about heroism possible on their part. I think I'm looking wider. I'm just talking about a person. About the possibility for him, even in the most terrible situation, to preserve his dignity. If there is a chance - win. If not, hold out. And win, if not physically, but spiritually.”