Surnames of the Crimean Murzas. Tatar surnames: list

When choosing a name for a child, parents think about the beauty of its sound, about the semantic meaning. A name is the most pleasing sound to the human ear. Often the choice is dictated by religious and national motives.

Russia is a great state with many nations. In Soviet times, Tatarstan was part of the state.

Being citizens of one country, people moved to the outback, created families with other nationalities.

Today it is difficult to imagine how intertwined the roots of Russian and Tatar residents are.

No one is surprised to hear their names and surnames - the Tatars remain a fraternal people, many of our citizens have Tatar roots, or are indigenous representatives of the nation.

The distinguishing features of this nation are their speech and their names. The speech of the Tatars is similar to the chirping of birds, it is soft and melodic.

A little consonant with the Mari dialect in pronunciation. Folk Tatar names and surnames are beautiful in their sound, carry a semantic load.

Every state has popular surnames. Somewhere they are given to every child in an orphanage. In Russia, this is Ivanov.

Russian Ivan is an already established stereotype, the image of a guy with a broad soul, not burdened with a sharp mind, but certainly smart. The surname was formed from the given name.

Other common Russian surnames:

• Kuznetsov.
• Smirnov.
• Petrov.

Among Americans, the surname Smith is such a stereotype. Tatars distinguish a whole list of surnames that are more common among their people.

• Abdulov.
• Norbekov.
• Chigarev.
• Enaleev.
• Akmanov.
• Abubekyarov.
• Basmanov.
• Abashev.
• Aliev.
• Shalimov.

The surname Abdulov has been at the top of the list for more than a year. This is the most common Tatar surname.

List of beautiful male and female surnames with a history of origin

Popular surnames and their origin:

Beautiful female and male names, as well as their meanings

Consider a list of beautiful Tatar names.

Women's:

• Adeline.
• Azalea.
• Aziz.
• Asia.
• Dana.
• Dilara.
• Zabira.
• Indira.
• Karim.
• Kamaliya.
• Latifa.
• Laysan.
• Nadira.
• Glad.
• Rumia.
• Sabir.
• Tulip.
• Fayza.
• Firay.
• Chulpan.
• Elvira.
• Emilia.
• Yasira.

Men's:

• Alan.
• Azamat.
• Ainur.
• Damir.
• Dzhigan.
• Zufar.
• Ilgiz.
• Ilshat.
• Imar.
• Marseilles.
• Nazar.
• Niyaz.
• Ramil.
• Raphael.
• Rushan.
• Said.
• Talib.
• Tahir.
• Faiz.
• Farid.
• Genghis.
• Shakir.
• Edgar.
• Emil.
• Justus.
• Yamal.
• Yakut.

By using these names, you give beauty to your children. The name is an important component that makes up the life of every person.

Today, the state officially allows changing the name: it is enough for a person to write an appropriate application and choose a different name that will reflect his personality.

If your name seems inappropriate - try changing it, check out the list above. Tatar names are very sonorous, pleasant to the ear.

List of Tatar composers and other famous people

Tatars are an original and very strong-willed people. They are hardworking, stubborn, resourceful. It is believed that this nation, akin to the Jews, knows how to make money. Tatars are rarely poor.

You will hardly meet Tatars among the homeless and beggars. It's in their blood to make their own way. Many of them are famous talented people.

List of famous Tatars:

• Gabdulla Tukay is a great poet.
• Marat Basharov - actor, presenter.
• Musa Jalil - poet, politician of the USSR.
• Actress, organizer of charity events, presenter - Chulpan Khamatova.
• Mintimer Shaimiev is the first president of Tatarstan.
• Rudolf Nureyev is a legendary man. The best dancer of all times and peoples, actor.
• Renat Akchurin - academician, specialist in the field of vascular surgery.
• Sergei Shakurov is a popular Russian actor, more than eighty roles.
• Finalist of the "Star Factory", former soloist of the "Factory" group Sati Kazanova.
• Marat Safin is a legendary tennis player of our time.
• Zemfira Ramazanova. People know her as Zemfira, a rock performer. She has been on the Russian stage since the early 2000s. Author and performer, musician. One of the best in Russian rock.
• Dina Garipova is the winner of the Voice project, a participant in the Eurovision Song Contest. She has a unique voice, is hardworking and artistic.

There are many Tatars among cultural and political figures. In a multinational state there is no division into nations - Russia initially did not belong only to Russians.

Not all modern nationalists are aware of this. Each nation is a separate faction with its own mentality, its own customs and religion.

The mixture of nations produces the strongest offspring. This has been repeatedly confirmed by scientists.

The Tatar nation has made its contribution to the history of the state, many of its representatives still live in Russia today, working for the good of the country.

Tatar names are heard everywhere. When choosing a name for a child, pay attention to the lists posted above.

Useful video

I decided to make a selection of sources about the Uhlan clans of the Crimea. In order for the subject of discussion to be immediately clear to the educated (reading) public, I advise you to re-read "Quentin Dorward" or something else romantic, but quite reliable about the Scottish clans. To be honest, I can’t remember anything about Chechen teips. The historical novel "Nomads" by Ilyas Esenberlin shows the tribal clan organization quite well. It is important for the modern history of Crimea, or rather the peculiarities of the ethnopsychology of the indigenous Crimean minority, that feudal relations did not develop on the peninsula, there was no serfdom.

In general, for the vast territory of the southeast of the Russian Plain - Seversk land (Slobozhanshchina, later, and the region of the Don Cossacks), feudalism also did not take root for various reasons. First of all, this is an abundance of natural resources, a combination of a fishing appropriating economy and a producing economy, independence from the authorities of local economic units (rural and craft communities, farms, monasteries, artels, shepherd and fishing bands). In the Crimea, as in the current Donbass, the feudal ladder did not take shape , and by and large, nothing at all from the classical definition of feudalism can be found in the southeast of the Russian Plain.

Sloboda(Slobodskaya Ukraine) of the times of the Russian Empire surprises with 18 (!) Different systems of taxation for single-palace residents. Odnodvortsy are not nobles and not peasants, they are civil servants (coachmen, hussars, gunners, reiters), who were allowed to live in their own communities in exchange for a certain service to the state.

Beyliks of the Crimean Khanate are a kind of tribal autonomy. The dependence of the beyliks on the central khan's power in Bakhchisarai was mutual. The Ottoman Empire, to the best of its ability, intervened in these relations in its own interests. But it was extremely difficult. The army of the Crimean Khanate was the best in the world in the 15-17 centuries, the Turkish bureaucracy could not create anything like that.
Everyone is requested to add links to other sources in the comments.
And first of all, I would like to find the full text of Lashkov from the work on the beyliks of the Crimean Khanate.

Lashkov F.F.

ARCHIVAL DATA ON BEYLIKS IN THE CRIMEAN KHANATE
// Proceedings of the VI Archaeological Congress. - Odessa, 1904.

With. 105 “The family of the Kudanan Yashlavsky beys is one of the 7 bey generations known to the whole people in the Crimea, descended from the ancient conquerors of the Crimea and constituting the highest degree in it. The ancestor of the Yashlavskys, Aban Bey Kudalan, in past centuries came to the Crimea from the Volga River and brought with him the peoples subject to him, whom he always possessed and who served under his banners. In the Crimea, he conquered the Jewish city of Kir, which is now Chufut-Kale, impregnable by nature, with all its lands, and settled in Yashdag, i.e. in the clearings in the young forest, between the city of Cyrus and the river Alma, from which Yashlav was nicknamed, and his descendants and people spread in different places acquired by him. The primordial in the surname Kudalan Yashlavsky rises to the dignity of a bey, who, before the annexation of Crimea to the Russian state, limited his dependence to the Crimean Khan, as the supreme ruler of the state, by his single exit to war; the smaller ones are called murzas.
Beys Kudalan-Yashlavsky, as the ancient rulers of the city of Cyrus, took from all city residents, as if from their subjects, to give money and things, such as: from livestock, vegetables, food supplies, from wine, from real estates, from souls and married marriages , which is explained in detail in the confirmation letter given from the Crimean Khan Batyr-Girey Dzhantemir Bey Yashlavsky. Their family estates, passing integrally to the eldest in the family, and namely: the districts of the village of Biyuk-Altachi with a salt lake on it and others, called Yashlav-Beylyk, from the deepest antiquity, were in possession of them on the right of ownership, in which right the Russian government they got caught. Many of the Kudalan-Yashlavsky family served the Turkish sultans and were granted by them, such as Murat Murza, a pension, as indicated in the letter given to him by Sultan Mahmut, and others were internal beys and pashas in the Crimea under Khan, as shown in the genealogy ".

The coat of arms of the beys of Yashlavsky, having the form indicated below, is called tagan and is used from ancient times to the present in their surnames.
Source– one of the many examples of a highly professional historical project – Oleksa Gaivoronsky’s website about the ancient city of Eski-Yurt (Kyrk-Azizler)

Islam Shirinsky
MY MEMORIES OF CRIMEA
(prepared for publication by Ilyas Yashlavsky)

SHIRINSKY ISLYAM KADIROVICH.
Born on February 25, 1901 in the village of Ishun, Feodosia district, in the Crimea.
Shirinsky family - one of the seven feudal clans of the Crimean Khanate is mentioned as early as the 14th century. (see, for example: Yakobson A.L. "Crimea in the Middle Ages." - M .: Nauka, 1973)

• here I’ll just make my own amendments to the opinion (from the word to think) of official science. There was no serfdom in Crimea, there was no feudalism . Was clan system, however, as in the southeast of the Russian Plain. All the Shirins were relatives among themselves, but not all were rich, not all were murzas, the children of the bey. The main thing is that everyone was free, all families were obliged to give soldiers. This is not a feudal, but a clan organization. Generic. In a feudal society, and before that in the slave-owning policies of Hellas, a strong tribe or just a group of warriors (gang) seized the territory with the agricultural population and imposed tribute and duties on them. So did, for example, the Spartans with the Ilons. Moreover, in classical Sparta there was a ratio of about 30 thousand Spartans to 200 thousand Ilons, so young men (and, if desired, girls, as well as those girls who had to avenge the death of their parents for marriage) were trained in military skills. After sunset, detachments of teenagers over 14 years old were supposed to patrol the quarters of the helots and kill everyone who left their home.
• In the Steppe Crimea and in the South-East of Ukraine, the land belonged not to landlords from outsiders who seized pastures and fields by force, but to clans, tribal communities. Like Scotland and the North Caucasus.

Islyam Shirinsky, after the revolution, studied at a pedagogical college, then taught in Bakhchisarai and Simferopol.
In the 30s he left the Crimea, studied at the Pedagogical Institute in Stalingrad and at the University of Baku.
For more than forty years he taught history, geography, Russian, drawing and singing in the schools of Azerbaijan.
For fruitful work he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Badge of Honor and medals.
Currently, the pensioner lives in the city of Ganja of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Ilyas Yashlavsky, 1991

P.S. A few years ago, a message came from Ganja about the death of Islyam Kadyrovich.

Andrey Yashlavsky, 1999

“... The surnames of the Crimean Murzas come mainly from the name of the village where they live, for example:
village name - Shiryn— Shirinly, "sky" added at the end - Shirinsky)
Argyn— Arginly
Yashlav— Yashlavly
Kipchak— Kipchakly
Mansour- Mansurly, etc.
After the annexation of Crimea to Russia (1783), the suffix began to be added to the surnames of Murz "sky"- this is already a phenomenon of the Russian state. …

... Crimean Tatars say: "OGLAN", and Kazan - "ULYAN". Is it from this word that the surname Ulyanov came from?
Ural - in Tatar - belt, sash
Baikal - "Bai Gel"
Tsaritsyn - “saru su” (yellow water)
Saratov - "saru tav" (yellow mountain)
Chelyabinsk - from the word "Chelyabi"

Horse - from the word lashe
Money - from the word "tinke"
Hurray - from the word "ur" ("hit") ... "

KARAIM AND ALIM

The Karaites are a small people, they speak Tatar with minor changes. The religion is Jewish-like, but they consider themselves far from the Jews. Basically, they are rich people, their surnames are as follows: Chuin (cast iron), Turshu (salting), Sariban, etc. Many rich Karaites do not marry, they die old bachelors. They live in summer at their dachas, and in winter they move to their houses in the city, they are engaged in trade.
A large river flows through Karasubazar - the Chai Uzen River - with crystal clear water. Not far from the river is the small village of Azamat. Not far from this village, in the area called Karagach, lived a wealthy Karaite with his wife and daughter. He owned a beautiful garden and house, loved floriculture.
He needed a person who would take care of the flowers. Such a person turned out to be a young, slender and handsome Tatar from the village of Azamat - Alim. Alim diligently fulfilled his duties of caring for the flowers. The owner had a young and beautiful daughter, Sarah. Every day in the evening she went out into the garden and watched the work of the gardener Alim. The modest guy Alim at first was even shy of the owner's daughter. But Sarah tried more and more to strike up a conversation with the village boy. Day by day, imperceptibly, the young are approaching. Seeing the girl's sympathy, Alim also began to gain courage and entered into conversations with the owner's daughter. The Karaite father was pleased with the work of the gardener, did not notice what was happening between the young people. …
….
Alim decided to rob a rich Karaite, and rich Tatars helped him with money. Alim hid for six months in the attic of my grandmother’s brother’s (paternal) brother’s house, after which he moved through Feodosia to Istanbul, opened a coffee shop there and lived all his life in Turkey. Alim's coffee house was always visited by Crimean Tatars who came to Turkey and he willingly received guests.
And Aaron, Sarah's father, sold the house and the garden and moved somewhere.
Many years have passed since the events described by me, but any Tatar respectfully calls the name of Alim, they honor him as an honest, intelligent and handsome guy. Some crooks on the main roads, posing as Alim, robbed people. Alim was still in the Crimea at that time, and now Alim caught one such swindler - a bandit and cut off one of his ears and said: "Now you will be Alim Bezukhim."
It's a pity for this noble guy, who has become unbearable, only for Sarah's stupid dad - stupid Aaron.

MOVIE "ALIM"

This film was released sometime in 1922-23. The main roles were played by: Alima-Khairi Emirzade, and Sary - Asie, the granddaughter of Saida Khani Muftizade, the daughter of Ismail Murza Karashaisky, Asni was then the wife of Khairi. She was known as a beauty, but she was not so much beautiful as she knew how to create beauty with paints. Khair is a resident of the village of Derekoya, a former driver with little education. At first, he danced in regional clubs, and then moved forward as a famous dancer in the city of Simferopol, performed at the State Drama Theater and at derviz (folk festivals).
On these derviz Khairi danced and met and married the daughter of the Murza. For this, there were several attempts to kill Khairy on the road from Derekoy to Simferopol. At that time in the Central Committee of the Crimea there was a former “chaichi” (teahouse owner), an illiterate person; his bodyguard was Kaiser, a tall man, broad-shouldered, with a terrible physiognomy - a resident of the Yalta region, he wore yellow leggings with laces, blue breeches, a brown tunic, girded with a Caucasian belt, with a Mauser with a silver handle, a brown Kuban on his head. These two people killed a lot of innocent people. …

Professor Choban-zade

…. In 1922, not far from Simferopol, on the estate of the German Kessler, teacher training courses for Crimean Tatar schools were opened. This school was called "Totai-Koi". I also studied there, but then they fired me as a person of non-proletarian origin.
The director of the school was Amet Ozenbashly, teachers: Bekir Choban-zade, Osman Akchokrakly, Mikhailov, Svishchev and others.
The students' diet was very poor - 0.5 kg of black bread, in the morning a pot of boiling water and a piece of sawn sugar, and in the evening, in the afternoon, thin borscht in sunflower oil. This is how they fed them day after day. Of the six days of the week, two days worked in the garden, then grazed cattle, went to the forest for firewood, cleaned up after the cattle.
They lived in different places: in a warehouse, in a mill, in private apartments.
The consequences of the terrible famine of 1921 still continued. We were not given a scholarship. After 1923, the headmaster was arrested, and the rest of the teachers were dispersed, recognizing in them a nationalist bias.
Professor Choban-zade worked in the institutes of Baku, and then he was isolated. Later they were rehabilitated. His wife was Dilyara, who was previously the wife of Kipchak Ismail. So the great Tatar scientist died - the son of a postukh from the Crimea. …

…. Our village Ishun is located 20 km from Karasubazar in the northwest (not to be confused with the village of Ishun in the Sivash region).
The village was founded by my father Khdyr Murza Shirinsky.
In the village, the houses of the peasants stretch like a string, the street is wide, on the opposite side of the street there is a house and outbuildings of the landowner. The whole village is in orchards and it is located 5-6 km from the forest belt, and on the opposite side - the steppe. In the center of the village there is a beautiful fountain with crystal clear water.
Behind the village is a lake, 3-4 meters deep, rich in fish. There is no such beautiful village in the Feodosia district anymore.
A few years ago, my son Bakhtiyar was in the Crimea and visited our village Ishun, which I described above.
Only horns and legs remained from the village. A son from our village brought me a handful of earth, and I poured this earth into a bag and wrote poems about my grief and experience.
Here they are, the words are Tatar, and the letters are Russian. READ!

handful of earth

(Translated by I. Yashlavsky)

… To our surprise, there were a lot of music lovers among the Shirinskys. Alisha Murza had two sons who played the violin, one played the clarinet, a daughter played the harmonica and tambourine, and the other son played the drum. My father and his sister played the harmonica, and from the age of 19 they played the violin and mandolin, they beat the tambourine well and danced Khaitarma beautifully. As a teacher, I organized a drama circle and for 10 years in the evenings with young people I prepared them to play roles in plays that were popular at that time, and I earned great gratitude from the public, from the age of 7 I became interested in art. Now I have more than 300 well-framed paintings hanging on my veranda. I gave the same amount to my friends and relatives. …
August-October 1990
mountains Ganja, Azerbaijan

Beylik Argyn in the Crimea, vast and richest lands from the present Simferopol almost to Belogorsk. The capital Argyn-saray was located halfway from the Feodosia highway to the village of Mezhgorye. This entire powerful family left for Turkey after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Empty lands about 200 years ago were settled by colonists from Germany, Switzerland and France.

Argyns are known in Siberia as strong warriors, probably related to the trade in furs and other important and expensive goods.

About kind Argyn in Kazakhstan - http://www.art-kaz.ru/images/argyn.html
It is significant that the tamga of the Argyns in Kazakhstan is not the same as in the Crimea. So tamga should not be called a generic sign. Tamga is a sign of territory.

The most numerous division of the Argyns, the Karakeseks (over 20% of the Argyns at the beginning of the 20th century), consider themselves descendants of a certain Bolat-kozhi, nicknamed Karakesek (cobblestone). Researchers correlate the name Bolat-kozha with the subdivision of the Karluks (Bulak), who inhabited the “country of Argu” in the Talas River basin (Mahmud Kashgari). During the period of the Mongol conquest of the Argu territory, part of its population fled to the northern steppes, becoming the basis of the Argyn tribal association. It is no coincidence that the tamga of the Argyns is close in design to the tamga of the Dulats. This is also evidenced by oral genealogical legends, in which Bolat is the name of the elder of a hundred (zhuz) people who went to Sary-Arka under the command of Alash Khan and formed the Middle Zhuz.

According to the legend of Shakarim, the ancestor of the Argyns was Khan Argyn-aga, from his son Kodan the legendary Dairkhodzha - Akzhol was born, whose name became the uranium of all Argyn divisions. Interestingly, the mentioned Kodan (Kotan) is considered the father of Uysun (Senior Zhuz) and Alshin (Junior Zhuz).

Separately, it would be interesting to learn about the tamga Dulat (and whether this family name is connected with the Hun dynasty Dulo of the first khans of Great Bulgaria, whose lands included Taman and Eastern Crimea).

Argyn- an ancient pre-Mongol aristocratic family of Crimea - tarkhans.
excerpt from the History of Crimea Andreev:
In the 14th century, feudal estates of Tatar beys and murzas were formed in the eastern and southwestern Crimea.
The label of the Crimean Khan Devlet Giray is known to the Argin prince: “Devlet Girey Khan. My word. The owner of this khan's label, which brings happiness, pride of the venerable emirs - Argin Bey Yagmurchi-hadji - I granted the country and servants that his fathers and older brothers disposed of under our high fathers and brothers, and also granted him, Yamgurchi-hadji, personally receive all duties (taxes from the population - A.A.) and manage it, adhering to ancient customs and law. I command that both the old and the young of his servants come to Hadji Bey, express humility and obedience, and accompany him everywhere - whether he rides or walks, and in no case should his orders be disobeyed. So that neither the sultans, nor other beys and murzas encroach on changes and do not interfere with the possession of lands that they, Arginsky, under the khans, fathers and older brothers of ours,
served for arable farming, haymaking, kishlov and dzhyublova sheep and turlava (land for wintering, summer grazing and permanent residence), - this label was given to him with the application of a pen seal. 958 years (1551 years) in Bakhchisaray.
+ + + + +
from this document we can conclude that the Crimean aristocrats received labels from the Genghisides in the same way as the Russian princes from the Rurik dynasty.
The tarkhan label was intended specifically for the pre-Mongolian, non-Mongolian local aristocracy in the lands that recognized their dependence on the Genghisides.
From this it becomes clear why most of the Crimean beys and murzas did not look like the Mongols, rode high thin-legged horses, and dressed “according to the Polish fashion”.
Polish fashion was obviously created by the same horsemen of Sarmatian origin (on horses of the same, probably, breed) that served the Polish-Lithuanian state.

Now, I would also like to find out exactly which clans received tarkhan labels, and which nevertheless came from outside the Crimea.
So far, I only know that the Yashlav family (princes of Yaslavsky) came to the Churuk-su and Alma valleys from the Volga region. Mongoloid features of the bey and murza Yashlavsky preserved until the present time.

Beylik Kirk, probably arose to protect the Crimea from the Kalmyks and was inhabited by Circassians. The Adyghe historian Samir Khotko quotes an unknown Turkish author from 1740 as follows:
Dzhankoy is a significant village located on a large river that flows into the Sea of ​​Azov. It is protected by a moat facing the river. There is Ak-Chibukbeg, the vassal leader of the Circassian Khan, who commands an army made up of people from 300 Circassian villages.
Probably, we are talking about the place Syrtki Dzhankoy at the common mouth of the Salgir and Karasu.
The ak-chibuk tax is known in the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, it is a wool tax in kind paid to military mercenaries. Ak in this case is not just white, but white wool, and chibuk is a pipe, that is, "money for tobacco." Judging by the drawings, the guards in the fortresses smoked on duty to keep warm and for vigor. The pipes were with very long stems and a lid. If a person was sitting, then the tube rested on the ground. Calling the territory of Kyrk a beylik is not entirely correct. Since ancient times, probably since the Hunnic times, the Sivash region was part of the lands of the Shirin clan. Only the threat of the Kalmyks made it necessary to install a Circassian governor here, but he was not a tribal leader, but only a commander of mercenaries. The very name kyrk means circle. Many villages in the Sivash region had such names. It is difficult to say - perhaps because of the round shape of the bays, perhaps because of the tribal organization of the Circassians. Kyrk (circle) is also 40 warriors who eat from one cauldron. Actually, the word cher-as means a warrior of the circle.

For planning routes on any off-road equipment from a jeep and a buggy to a mountain bike, as well as riding in places where there were family palaces of the steppe and foothill aristocracy of Crimea, we recommend ancient dirt roads. They are well shown on the Military topographic map of Major General Mukhin in 1817. A modern cartographic service allows you to overlay on it any transparency layers of space imagery and a hybrid map. It is possible to compare ancient and modern roads, new and old names. Particular attention should be paid to ancient watering places, wells and springs. One of the most important features of the old inns is the rectangular foundations, which can be read even on satellite images. As a rule, next to them, above the springs, huge old plane trees (Eastern plane trees) have been preserved.

Tatar surnames

A lot of interesting things can be told about the history of the birth of Tatar surnames, their origin and meaning, as well as the peculiarities of writing. Initially, having a surname was an honorary prerogative of representatives of the nobility. Only in the 20th century did all other Tatar clans receive this right. Until that moment, tribal relations were put at the forefront by the Tatars. The custom of knowing one's family, one's ancestors by name up to the seventh generation was considered a sacred duty and was inculcated from childhood.

Tatars represent a very large ethnic group with a rich and distinctive culture. But the historically determined assimilation with the Slavic people still left its mark. The result was the formation of a fairly large part of the Tatar surnames, formed by adding Russian endings: "-ov", "-ev", "-in". For example: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaydullin, Turgenev, Safin. According to statistics, Tatar surnames ending in "-ev", "-ov" are three times higher than surnames ending in "-in".

Traditionally, Tatar surnames are formed from the male names of paternal ancestors. On the basis of male personal names formed the bulk of the Tatar surnames. Only a small part of surnames comes from professions. For example - Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others. This type of surname formation is common to many nationalities.

A distinctive national feature of the Tatars is the form of formation of Tatar names. The full version of the Tatar name, like that of many other nationalities, consists of a first name, patronymic and surname, but since ancient times it has been customary to add a gender prefix to the patronymic of the Tatars: “uly” (son) or “kyzy” (daughter).

The custom of writing them can also be attributed to the features of Tatar surnames. Tatars use two spellings of surnames: official - with endings (Saifutdinov, Sharifullin, Saitov) and "household", the most widely used without adding an ending, only the name is written (instead of the surname Tukaev, Tukay is written). This method, by the way, is characteristic of Tatar literature.

Tatar surnames cannot be counted
Each of them has a highlight
If the surname makes sense
Many nuances can be found

On this page of our site, Tatar surnames are considered. We will learn about the history and origin of Tatar surnames, discuss their meanings and distribution.
Origin of Tatar surnames

Studying the ethnic composition of the population of Russia, one can notice that a significant part of the inhabitants of our country is occupied by Tatars. And this is not accidental, the history of the Russian state developed in such a way that at the moment representatives of many nations and nationalities live on its territory. And one of the most numerous ethnic groups are the Tatar peoples. And, despite the fact that for decades and centuries there has been a mixture of nations and nationalities, the Tatars were able to preserve their national language, their culture and traditions. Tatar surnames refer precisely to such national characteristics and traditions.

The origin of Tatar surnames goes back to the mists of time, when, like other peoples, the richest and most noble representatives of the Tatar family were the first to acquire surnames. And only by the 20th century did the rest of the people of Tatar origin receive surnames. Until that moment, that is, while there were no surnames yet, the family relations of the Tatars were determined by their tribal affiliation. From an early age, every representative of the Tatar people memorized the names of their paternal ancestors. At the same time, the generally accepted norm was to know your family up to seven tribes.
Features of Tatar surnames

There is a significant difference between the well-known Tatar surnames, given names and the full formula for the formation of Tatar names. It turns out that the full formula of the Tatar naming consists of the name itself, patronymic and surname. At the same time, patronymics among the ancient Tatars were formed from the naming of the father, to which was added "uly" (son) or "kyzy" (daughter). Over time, these traditions in the formation of Tatar patronymics and surnames were mixed with Russian traditions of word formation. As a result, at the moment it can be considered that the vast majority of Tatar surnames were formed as derivatives of the names of male ancestors. At the same time, to form a surname, Russian endings were added to the male name: “-ov”, “-ev”, “-in”. These are, for example, the following Tatar surnames: Bashirov, Busaev, Yunusov, Yuldashev, Sharkhimullin, Abaydullin, Turgenev, Safin. This list of Tatar surnames can be quite large, since it was male names that were the main source for the formation of Tatar surnames. If we talk about the meaning that these surnames have, then it is obvious that it will repeat the meaning of the naming, from which a specific surname is formed.

According to statistics, the number of Tatar surnames with the endings "-ev", "-ov" exceeds the Tatar surnames with the ending "-in" by about three times.
Writing Tatar surnames

There are two spellings of Tatar surnames. One of these options excludes the added endings, using only the name itself (for example, Tukay is written instead of the surname Tukaev). This option is widely used in Tatar literature, but is not official. In official documents and common practice in Russia, a variant of Tatar surnames with endings is used: Sayfutdinov, Sharifullin, Saitov, etc.
Other Tatar surnames

Also, the origin of some Tatar surnames was associated with professions. This type of surname exists in almost all nations, and Tatar surnames in this sense are no exception. Examples of surnames whose origin is associated with professions can be the following surnames: Urmancheev (forester), Arakcheev (vodka merchant) and others.

In the old days, the Crimean Tatars did not have surnames. Explanations for Crimean Tatar names and terms of kinship

In the old days, the Crimean Tatars did not have surnames

“In view of the fact that a large number of Crimean Tatar names and terms of kinship are used in the text of the memoirs, I consider it necessary to make some clarifications.

From the 15th century - the moment the Islamization of the peninsula began - the Muslims living on it began to use the form of identification generally accepted among them, as they would say today. For the legislators of Islam - the Arabs, it was extremely difficult.

For example, the full name of Avicenna sounded like this: Abu Ali ibn Sina, which indicated the name of the father - Ali and grandfather - Sina, but this was also a simplified version, but the full one: Abu Ali al-Hussein ibn Abdallah ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Sina.

Lakab stands first, kunya comes second, then alam follows, then they put nasab, then nisba, and at the very end they often mention the mansib - the position held.

Lakab - in the Crimean Tatar language was transformed into lagap - nickname, nickname. With other words it is more difficult, and they will have to be translated from Arabic:
kunya - the name of the son or daughter or father;
alam - the name received at birth;
nasab - genealogy, genealogy;
nisbu (nisba) - an aristocratic name;
mansib - mana - meaning, meaning.

Since the Crimean Tatars were located on the very outskirts of the Muslim world and, moreover, they experienced a huge influence of various cultures that were very bizarrely intertwined on the peninsula, such a complex system of name identification in its pure form did not take root in Crimea. The patronymic (babasynyn ady) was widely used in the forms “Said Akhtem-oglu”, or as a dialect “Said Akhtem-zade”, which in both cases was a tracing paper: “Said son of Akhtem”. Oglu - son (Turkic language); zade - the son goes back to the Persian language. It is noteworthy that in the female version, the Turkic kyzy - daughter completely replaced both the Persian and Arabic versions.

After Crimea became part of the Russian Empire with its written, and sometimes more important unwritten laws, only two components were sufficient for almost two centuries: a personal name and a father's name. In the 20th century, the patronymic simultaneously played the role of a surname, but was not inherited. Said son of Akhmed became Said Akhmedov, and his grandson Rustem was already Rustem Saidov, the great-grandson of Abdullah was Abdulla Rustemov. The reduction in the number of components in the identification code was frankly discriminatory, since the Crimean Tatars, classified as nobility, descendants of beys and murzas, had a surname inherited. Thus, already then the policy of double standards was applied to the people.

In the Soviet period, for unknown reasons, patronymics were ousted from official documents among Muslim peoples. I remember how during my service in the Pacific Fleet there was an exchange of Komsomol tickets. My fellow Uzbeks and Kazakhs, with tears in their eyes, begged to be entered in the Komsomol ticket of the new model along with the name and surname of their patronymic, but the representative of the political department was inexorable: the instruction demanded to reproduce exactly the entry in the military ID, and there, alas, there was no patronymic.

Only during the years of Soviet power did Crimean Tatars receive surnames en masse. In most cases, these were patronymics - the name of the father. Less commonly, a surname became a lagap - a nickname.

Surnames were written in different ways: Nuri Khalilov, but there could also be a variant of Nuri Khalil oglu. For women, Alime Khalilova or Alime Khalil kyz - Alime Khalil's daughter. Sometimes they wrote together, sometimes with a hyphen. There was no unity on this issue.

Studies have shown that modern Crimean Tatars are dominated by names of Arabic origin, then Persian, then Turkic proper, then Germanic, probably a Gothic trace, as well as Soviet newspeak: Lenur - "the light of Lenin"; Marlene - "Marx Lenin".

When working on the manuscript, the editor adhered to the basic principle: to reproduce names, surnames, nicknames, names of rivers, mountains exactly as it is presented in the manuscript. If they differed from the official toponym, then the author's version was left, and the official one was given in the footnote.

Quite often, next to the name, the author of the memoirs indicated the degree of relationship of this person in relation to him. If you translate these degrees into Russian, it will turn out rather clumsily. The fact is that the Crimean Tatars' concepts of uncle and aunt, which are familiar to a Russian person, are more specific and contain clarifications: maternal uncle, paternal uncle.

We will list them: the father is a woman; mother - anna; older brother - aga; younger brother - oglan kardash; elder sister - tata // apte; younger sister - kyyz kardash; son - oghul; daughter - kyz; grandfather - kartbaba; grandmother - kartana // bita; paternal aunt - ala // alapche; maternal aunt - tiza; paternal uncle - emje; maternal uncle - dayy; grandson, granddaughter - torun; son-in-law - Kyiv.

Often used in combination with some name, the word akai means that this person is not young and respected.

At the request of modern dictionaries, Crimean Tatar names with the formant Seit (saint) should be written together: Seitbilal, Seitvaap, Seitveli, etc., but in reality, spellings with a hyphen are very common: Seit-Bilal, Seit-Vaap, Seit -Veli...

Also, next to the name of a person, his profession is often mentioned: oja - teacher; ojapche - a teacher; mouth is the master; demirji - blacksmith, etc.

The modern Crimean Tatar language contains three dialects.

South Coast (yalyboy) belongs to the Oguz languages ​​and is very close to Turkish. A feature of this dialect is a significant number of Greek and some Italian borrowings.

The steppe (chel), or Nogai, dialect belongs to the Kypchak-Nogai subgroup of the northwestern group of Turkic languages.

In fact, the middle dialect (orta-yol, tats) has become the official language of modern Crimean Tatars. It also belongs to the Kypchak (Polovtsian) languages, but was strongly influenced by the adjacent Oguz dialects. It is on the basis of this dialect that the modern literary Crimean Tatar language was created, books are published, radio and television broadcasts are on.

The middle dialect is considered a direct continuation of the Polovtsian language, which was spoken in the Crimea in the 14th century. Based on it, a wonderful literary monument Codex Cumanicus was created.

Not so long ago, a group of Crimean Tatar philologists managed to convince foreign donors of the expediency of allocating money to save the Crimean Tatar language in Romania. We arrived in Dobruja, but it turned out that the teachers and their potential students do not understand each other. The Romanian Tatars communicated with each other in the already relic Nogai dialect and refused to relearn the modern Crimean Tatar language. "
V. E. Polyakov, Doctor of Historical Sciences

Nuri Khalilov "Long way home. Memoirs of a Crimean Tatar about participation in the Great Patriotic War. 1941–1944"

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Tatar surnames. The meaning of Tatar surnames

DURASOV. Nobles from the 17th century, an estate in the Arzamas district. From Kirinbey Ilyich Durasov, who transferred to the Russian service in 1545 from the Kazan Tatars. The name Kirinbey is from the Tatar nickname kyryn bey "roundabout, suburban gentleman", and Durasov, possibly from the Arab-Turkic durr, durr "pearl, pearl".

DUNILOV. A noble family from Dunila from the Tatars. In the middle of the 15th century, Pyotr Eremeev Dunilo-Bakhmetyev was noted, which - along with evidence of the relationship of the Dunilovs with the Bakhmetyevs - once again confirms their Turkic origin.

DULOV. From Murza Dulo, who left the Horde to Prince Ivan Danilovich Shakhovsky in the middle of the 15th century. The surname may be from the old Bulgarian "Dulo" - one of the two royal Bulgarian families.

DUVANOV. Nobles in the Ryazan lands since the 16th century. From Duvan, who left the Great Horde in the 15th century to the Ryazan princes. Surname from the Turkic nickname duvan "Maidan, an open place, a Cossack gathering for the division of booty". Related to the Temiryazovs and Turmashevs (see).

DOLGOVO - SABUROV. The OGDR reports: “The Dolgov-Saburov family descends from Atun Murza Andanovich, who went to the noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky from the Great Horde, who was named Boris after baptism and was with the Grand Duke in the boyars. This Boris had a great-grandson Fyodor Matveyevich Sabur, whose descendants are Dolgovo - Saburovs. Surnames and names coming from nicknames testify to the Turkic - Horde origin of the clan: Atun - from the ancient Turkic aidun "light, radiance"; Andan - from the Turko-Persian andamly "slender"; Sabur ~ Sabyr - from the Arab-Muslim sabur "long-suffering", one of the epithets of Allah. In 1538 Ivan Shemyaka, Dolgovo-Saburov, city clerk, was mentioned in Yaroslavl. Judging by the "" names and time of departure, the Dolgovo-Saburovs may have been refugees from the Bulgars during the Mongol invasion.

DERZHAVINS. From the Power of Alexei, the son of Dmitry Narbek, the son of Murza Abragim - Ibrahim, who left the Great Horde to serve the Grand Duke Vasily Vasilyevich, the relationship of the Derzhavins with the Narbekovs and the Teglevs is also noted. Under the year 1481, a trading man Derzhavin Filya is celebrated. In the descendants of the great Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, who was born in 1743 near Kazan.

DEDULIN. From Kurbat Dedulin, a service man, noted in Kazan in 1566. Most likely, this is a native of Kazan with the same surname stem from his grandfather's nickname.

DEDENEV. Ot.Dyudenya, who, with Thermos and relatives of Sergei Radonezh, moved in 1330 to the Moscow principality. In the 15th century, the descendants of Duden had a princely title, and at the end of the 16th century they already bore the surname Dedenevs. The Turkic origin is confirmed by the prevalence of this name among the Horde - see: Duden - Horde ambassador to Moscow in 1292. The Dudenevs received the nobility in 1624, the surname from the ancient Turkic grandfather "father".

DEVLEGAROV. From Devlegarov Mamkei, a serving Tatar, a village of serving Tatars in the middle of the 16th century, an ambassador to Nogai in 1560. Judging by the surname common among the Tatar-Mishars, the Devlegarov clan is of Mishar origin. Surname from a nickname, consisting of two parts: Persian-Muslim. devlet "happiness", "wealth" and Persian-Turkic kettlebell "strong", "powerful".

DASHKOV. 2 kinds: 1) from Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Dashko Smolensky at the beginning of the 15th century, "" the princes Dashkovs, small landowners, went. In 1560, Prince Andrei Dmitrievich Dashkov described Kostroma; 2) - from Murza Dashek from the Horde and his son Mikhail Alekseevich, who left the Horde to Grand Duke Vasily Ivanovich at the turn of the XIV - XV centuries. . Dashek, who was baptized with the name Daniel, died in Moscow in 1408, leaving his son Mikhail, nicknamed Ziyalo. From this family came the nobles Dashkovs. The nickname "Dashek", according to N.A. Baskakov, is of Turkic-Oguz origin from dashyk "arrogant", but may also be from tashak, tashakly "courageous". Name-nickname Ziyalo from the Persian-Turkic "radiance of Ali". From both clans, but mainly from the second, came nobles who actively participated in all the aggressive campaigns of Rus' against Kazan, the Baltic states in the 16th - 17th centuries, governors in many cities, ambassadors and diplomats, scientists, including the first and only female president of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ekaterina Dashkova.

DAVYDOV. Genus from Davyd, the son of Murza Minchak Kasaevich, who left the Golden Horde to the Grand Duke Vasily Dmitrievich and took the name Simeon at baptism. Since 1500, they already had estates, including in the 17th - 20th centuries. in the Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk provinces. Related to the Uvarovs, Zlobins, Orinkins. Surname and name Davyd -Davud ~ Daud - Arabized and Turkicized form of the Jewish name David, which means "beloved, loving". In the descendants - warriors, Decembrists, diplomats, academicians, etc.