Development type: problematic lesson in literature, group form of work (two groups).
The purpose of the lesson:
Moral search for the meaning of life by the main character of Gorky's story
"Foma Gordeev";
Reflection of the historical situation in Gorky's story; paintings
merchant life;
- "superfluous" people, their limitations and "stupidity", "they indicated what I
Should not be…”;
Develop interest in research work, be able to do it yourself
Conclusions, generalizations, comparison.
What have you done? No, you did not make a life, but a prison ...
You arranged not order - you forged chains for a person.
Stuffy, cramped, there is nowhere for a living soul to turn around.
A man is dying!
"Foma Gordeev"
No, I'll choose my own place.
"Foma Gordeev"
Expanding the topic of the lesson, proving the correctness of the chosen epigraphs,
determine the purpose of the lesson.
(Searching for the meaning of life, your "I", your place in it)
Gorky's story "Foma Gordeev" (1899) presents a broad picture of Russian life, a contemporary of which the author himself was. Writer always
worried about human needs. Most importantly, he is close to the desire
to a full and happy life. Most heroes don't exercise
it is aspiration. It is perceived as a personality drama. Hero's Aspiration
to a full-blooded life is embodied by Gorky in the story "Foma Gordeev".
The hero protests against lies and hypocrisy, he is crushed by a "close" life, he is looking for
things are within his power, he is trying to find his own way in life, his “I”. In the end
becomes an inveterate drunkard and can very easily become an inhabitant of a rooming house similar to the one
which Gorky showed in the play "At the Bottom"
Each group has conducted its searches, made conclusions on the story within the framework of the topic, and now you are given the right to defend your assignments.
1 group - ch.1 p.47-49(student Kuznetsov)
Gorky begins his story with a story about Foma's father, Ignat Gordeev.
Why? What does this give to understand the image of the main character?
Tell us about him (father) (origin, social position, lifestyle,
Distinctive character traits) and about the mother.
What do Ignat Gordeev have in common with Diky and Kabanova from Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm"? What difference did you see?
The rebellious spirit of the parents manifested itself to a greater extent in Thomas. Parents did not yet realize what was bothering them. What is happening around makes Thomas think about what place is prepared for him in life, that is, what is his own "I" in life. The painful question about the meaning of life could have arisen before the father and mother, if they had lived
They are at a different, later time.
Answer to question 2. The first lessons of life were given to Foma by his father. Often he said to Foma: "We must teach you how to live."
Once a dreamy boy got with his father on a steamer, where in front of him
new life unfolded. He looked at everything with wide eyes, it seemed to him that he was moving along a wide path to a wonderful land of fairy tales. Obo
he asked his father about everything, and he explained to him as best he could. One day the boy relayed a conversation between the pilot and the crew about his father. And Ignat then decided that it was time
teach the son of life.
There was something clear and understandable in the father's stories, Foma liked that his father
strong, dexterous. His heart was beating hard and hot. Since then, he became more attentive to his surroundings, felt everything keenly, everything that agitated his soul aroused new vague sensations and desires in him. Co.
Foma treated everything seriously, thoughtfully. With the uncertainty of character, dreaminess, curiosity, thoughtfulness, he resembled his mother. He felt something special in himself that distinguished him from his peers, but he also could not understand - what is it? And he watched himself suspiciously. It affected
on him, but did not define the life path clearly, definitely.
Already the first lessons of life make Foma think about his own purpose, cause the desire to live not according to orders.
Who gives Thomas the first serious life lessons?
Father
What was the science of life taught to Thomas by his father? Could the young man take
Her?
Life lessons?!
Father
“We must teach you“... You are their master, they are yours
live "servants, so know ..."
Several rules are read out, Each of the group reads out
given by the father. according to 1 teaching ch. (2,3 p. 26,27,
(Student response) 29,30,37).
Generalization. The main thing that Father Foma taught was to be a master, to achieve his own, regardless of the means. Dreamy and thoughtful Foma, rejecting the established rules of life, begins to search for his place in life.
In what works did we meet with the lessons of the fathers? What did they teach?
"The Captain's Daughter" - "Take care of honor from a young age", "Dead Souls" - "save a penny ...".
Is the morality of Ignat Foma close?
He listened, became more attentive. Protests (although the protest is still spontaneous).
Task 2nd group.
Life lessons continue.
Who else had a strong influence on Thomas? Who tried in their own way
Turn Thomas? (godfather, Yakov Mayakin).
What did Yakov Mayakin teach his godson?
We supplement the scheme
"I will teach you, Thomas"
Ch. Sh, 1U, U, H., ch.4 pp. 76,78,80,90,93, ch.5 pp. 93-94,95
How does the relationship between Yakov Mayakin and Foma Gordeev end, and at the same time the merchant life, the activities of Thomas? Growing hostility between them.
Does Thomas take the lessons of Jacob's life?
Rejects
Foma, as he said, wanted to be like a man. He felt a dull dislike for Mayakin, tk. does not accept his life principles.
He did not feel any joy either from money or from his activities.
First, there is an internal break, and after the meeting on the ship - the final, open. He feels strong, capable of something
big.
4. What is the meaning of understanding
The ideological content of the story has a scene of a merchant's festivities on a steamer
Merchant Kononov?
What is the merchant class like? What are they teaching Thomas?
Did this bring Thomas satisfaction?
a) Gorky paints more and more vividly pictures of how “frantically beating”, how “looking for
Things are within the power of "a person, and little things knock him down." Foma Gordeev -
A person who has entered into a struggle with his environment. As in Gogol
On the "inspector" on the ship - the stage are images of the whole color of the city.
The speech of Thomas, as on the screen, mutilates the essence of everyone.
b) - Read out the speech of Mayakin and Thomas (staging) ch.13 pp. 229-233
c) (student answer)
d) - Thomas's accusatory speech, he tells the truth to everyone. Is it always
Is it good to hear the truth? (No)
Thomas is opposed to other merchants, these ignoble money-gatherers. He is superior to his fellows because he "protests" and "denounces" and
does not follow the laws, their truth.
What are they teaching?
to question 4
We read out the finale of the story - a gala dinner in honor of the launch of the steamer Kononov "Ilya Muromets". Before us is a whole gallery of images of merchants. The power of the owners of the city is not limited, speaking frankly about their position, striving to be the first everywhere - Mayakin, Kononov, Shchurov, Gushchin, Bobrov and others, and some even without a name and surname. There is some anxiety. And in front of these people, Thomas delivers his accusatory speech. He is filled with conflicting feelings (to say which) ch.13. But the spilled truth does not bring relief to Thomas, she "crushed" the accuser. And instead of a moral victory, he now seemed to be himself a stranger and not understanding what he had done to these people and why. Merchants cannot understand him, because they are possessed only by a thirst for profit by any means, money-grubbing, inertia. This is how they teach Thomas to be. He was alone. Merchants do not understand Thomas, because their morality is Thomas. He does not find a single living soul capable of understanding him, giving him even a drop of love.
5. In the story, in addition to Thomas, Gorky draws images of several more young
people who came from the same merchant environment, the same age as Thomas. Why does the author talk about African Smolin, Nikolai Yezhov?
Are they trying to teach Thomas something?
How does the character of Thomas manifest itself in communication with different people?
(answer) Thomas strives to get as close as possible to people who cause
his keen interest.
Stories about the peers of Thomas.
They are all different, he is disappointed in all of them, feels their emptiness, and wants to see the truth in them. He is afraid that there is this truth, that there is something so unknown. Foma tries to understand why he lives, but does not find an answer. Gorky knew that there are values in a person, the loss of which is the moral death of a person.
In dealing with different people. The character of Thomas manifests itself in different ways. He
disdainful of the poor, while stealing an apple, he first felt power over people and the power of money. Oddities of character are manifested in many ways, he is dreamy, likes to engage in soul-searching. He is interested and curious to compare the people he meets with himself. All of them are trying to teach Foma something, and he strives to live not by order, but is looking for “himself”, his place in life (remember the episode with himself).
Generalization. All these images are given for comparison with the main character. Some of them reconciled with the surrounding reality. Their dissatisfaction with life is temporary. They are more educated, but their predatory nature is covered with expensive clothes, and good external manners. But the principles of life, their philosophy remained the same.
Foma quickly realized the windbag and Emelya Yezhov, that he was too far from the people he constantly talks about.
Only Thomas went against the wolf laws of his environment to the end. Romantic ideas about life came across real life, the laws of which he cannot understand and explain, but does not want to live by them.
Angrily, as best he can, he protests against lies and hypocrisy, trying to find his place in life, his "I" in order to feel like a man. He is trying
find people who live and think differently.
Unable to find such people, he pours wine over the suffering soul, sees no way out of the impasse of life, lost faith in everyone and everything.
Thus, Foma replenishes the gallery of extra people.
Name them. Who are they?
(Mtsyri, Eugene Onegin, Pechorin, Bazarov, etc.)
Assume the possible future of Thomas given the historical process
This time.
When was the story written? What is this time?
1899
Conclusion: At the turn of the century, such a hero as Thomas is not typical either as a merchant or as a representative of his class, he is only a healthy person who wants a free life, who is cramped within the framework of modernity. So he did not find his way, his "I". At the turn of the century, there was no person who would help Foma find his "I" was a like-minded person. Challenging his class, accusing him of the fact that there is no life for a living soul, choosing his own path, Thomas did not find it (the path).
Did Gorky manage to show such a person?
And why?
(didn't study, didn't read, he didn't do anything)
Did Thomas know what he lives for? What is it for?
Here Yezhov, Smolin found their "I", they did not have such a perception of life as Thomas did.
You, too, are now standing on the threshold of life, you must choose your path, your
Road of life. We should not be like Foma, we must immediately put
Big, bright purpose in life.
Homework:
1. Make a table diagram “The figurative system of the heroes of the story in relation to
To the main character.
Annex 1.
Life lessons?!
Lessons 17-18
Gorky's novel "Foma Gordeev":
problems and heroes
The blitz tournament based on Gorky's novel was compiled on the basis of an article by the teacher of the lyceum No. 1 in Bratsk T. I. Gavrilova (Literature at school. - No. 7. - 2006).
Goals : discuss the content of the novel; find out the features of the problems and characteristics of the characters; develop the skills of analyzing the language of the work; to teach to evaluate the actions and characters of the characters, taking into account the historical process corresponding to the time of the action of the work.
Course of lessons
The class is divided into four groups, two of which are groups of players, one group is researchers who are preparing the defense of the project “The theme of the merchant class in the works of A. N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm” and M. Gorky “Foma Gordeev”, and a group of experts, teacher assistants , who evaluate the work of the players (3 people, their students themselves chose among classmates).
I. Preliminary task.
1. Think about the questions:
What kind of person was Thomas' father?
– What was the essence of paternal science?
- How did the character of Thomas manifest itself in communication with different people?
- What is the life philosophy of Yakov Mayakin?
- Follow the relationship of Thomas with the godfather after the death of his father.
- How is the fate of Thomas after the death of his father?
Why didn't Foma follow in his father's footsteps?
2. Remember the expressions from the text that seem aphoristic to you. Get ready to explain them.
On the board (epigraphs):
The merchant in the state is the first force, because millions are with him.
No, I'll choose my own place.
What have you done? You did not create a life - a prison ... You did not arrange order - you forged chains for a person. It is stuffy, cramped, there is nowhere for a living soul to turn around... A man is dying!
1st page. Son of his father.
Teacher . In M. Gorky's novel "Thomas Gordeev” presents a broad picture of Russian life, of which the author himself was a contemporary. M. Gorky shows the merchant environment at the turn of the century. The hero is unusual: he breaks with his environment, violently and tragically protests against lies and hypocrisy, tries to find his own way in life, his "I". In the end, he becomes an inveterate drunkard and can become an inhabitant of a rooming house, similar to the one that the author showed in the play "At the Bottom".
Questions for the teams.
1. M. Gorky begins the novel with a story about Foma's father, Ignat Gordeev. Why? Tell us about him (origin, social status, lifestyle, distinctive character traits).
2. What is Thomas' relationship with his father like? “We must teach you how to live…” the father often said to his son. What was his father's science of life, which he taught Thomas?
Name father's instructions:
- you are their master, they are your servants, so know;
- you are the master and therefore free to do what you want;
- have a mind, at least small, but your own;
- you need to regret with reason ... etc.
Thus, the main thing that Father Thomas taught was to be a master, to achieve his own, regardless of the means.
3. In what other works of Russian literature do we get acquainted with father's instructions (remember the instructions of Father Molchalin (Griboedov. "Woe from Wit"); the lessons of honor of officer Grinev (Pushkin. "The Captain's Daughter"); father's instructions of Chichikov (Gogol. "Dead Souls" ""))?
4. How does the character of Thomas manifest itself in dealing with different people?
- Relationships with the first school friends (Ezhov, Smolin).
- Negligent attitude towards the poor.
- The first feeling of power over people and the power of money (the case of stealing apples).
- Oddities of character (dreaming, "self-digging").
- The desire to live not on orders (search for yourself and your place in life).
Generalization. Thomas is a white crow in his midst: "I will choose my own place."
2nd page."It's stuffy, cramped, there's nowhere for a living soul to turn around..."
So, in the second part of the novel, we learn that Thomas, rejecting the established, former life and rules, begins to search for his place in life.
Questions for the teams.
1. What life principles does the godfather of Thomas, Yakov Mayakin, adhere to, what does he teach his godson?
“I will teach you, Thomas: I will teach you the most real true science ... and if you understand it, you will live without mistakes.”
“Life, brother Foma, is very simply put: either gnaw on everyone, or lie in the mud.”
2. “But smarter ... smarter than his father ... smarter, but worse,” Foma thinks about Yakov Tarasovich. Why?
3. How and with what ends their relationship and, along with it, the merchant activity of Thomas?
4. What is the significance of the scene of the festivities on the new steamer of the merchant Kononov for understanding the ideological content of the novel?
Speeches by Y. Mayakin and Foma Gordeev are read out.
5. How does the merchant class appear in the words of Thomas?
3rd page. Merchant youth. (Home preparation.)
Teacher . In the novel, in addition to Foma, Gorky draws images of several other young people, the same age as the protagonist, who come from the same merchant environment. Why do you think the author talks about them?
Groups prepared 2 messages each (for 2-3 minutes):
1. Lyuba Mayakina.
2. African Smolin.
3. Taras Mayakin.
4. Nikolai Yezhov.
Teacher generalization. All these images are given for comparison with the main character. Some of them reconciled with the surrounding reality. Their dissatisfaction with life is a temporary phenomenon, a tribute to fashion. They are more educated (Taras Mayakin, Afrikan Smolin), their predatory nature is covered with good manners and European clothes, but the essence of their life philosophy is the same: “Either nibble everyone, or lie in the mud.”
Yezhov is a windbag, he is very far from the people who do not understand him, and he does not understand him either. Thomas saw it.
Only Foma Gordeev, in his protest against the wolf laws of his environment, went to the end. Romantic, fabulous ideas about life very soon came across a completely different, real life, where there are laws that he cannot understand and explain and by which he does not want to live. Angrily, as best he can, he protests against lies, hypocrisy, tries to find his place in life in order to feel like a man.
Rushing about in search of people who live and think differently. Not finding it, he pours wine on the suffering soul, does not see a way out of life's impasse, having lost faith in everything.
4th page. Possible future of Thomas.
Try to imagine and tell how the fate of the protagonist will develop in the future.
Warn students that their assumptions should be based on the historical process of this period.
5th page. Analysis of the language of the novel.
Teacher . The language of the novel is characterized by vivid imagery and aphorism. What interesting sayings did you remember while reading the work?
Students name memorized expressions, some of them can be suggested for discussion:
- Conscience is invincible only for the weak in spirit.
- And on earth it is always worse for good (people) than bad ones.
“You can only listen to the truth.
- There is no person on earth more disgusting and disgusting than the one who gives alms, there is no more unfortunate person who accepts it.
6th page. Creative report of a group of researchers.
Defense of the project “The Theme of the Merchants in the Works of Ostrovsky’s “Thunderstorm” and Gorky’s “Foma Gordeev” (reporting material can be presented in the form of an abstract, a poster, it can also be a video project).
Questions for teams players.
1. Compare the times of Ostrovsky and Gorky. Has anything changed in the merchant environment 30 years later?
2. What do Ignat Gordeev have in common with Diky and Kabanova from the play "Thunderstorm"? Did you see the difference between them?
3. With which of the heroes can Thomas be compared?
II. Summing up the results of the tournament.
The word is given to experts.
Homework.(This activity can also be done in class if there is time.)
Teacher . This novel, like all of Gorky's works, is multifaceted in its subject matter. Closing the last page, the thoughtful reader asks himself more than one question. So you answer one of them: “What do you need to do to live in peace, that is, to be satisfied with yourself?” (To do this, one must live restlessly and avoid, like a bad disease, even the possibility of being pleased with oneself. One must always live in love with something inaccessible to oneself. A person becomes taller because he reaches upwards.)
slide 1
Maxim Gorky Birth name: Alexei Maksimovich Peshkov (1868 - 1936)
Around 1900
slide 2
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
slide 3
The novel "Foma Gordeev" (1899)
M. Gorky's novel "Foma Gordeev" presents a broad picture of Russian life, of which the author himself was a contemporary. M. Gorky shows the merchant environment at the turn of the century. The hero is unusual: he breaks with his environment, violently and tragically protests against lies and hypocrisy, tries to find his own way in life, his "I". In the end, he becomes an inveterate drunkard and can become an inhabitant of a rooming house, similar to the one that the author showed in the play "At the Bottom".
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
slide 4
Father's instructions
It is necessary to feel sorry for people ... you are doing it well! Only - you need to regret with reason ... First, look at a person, find out what is the use of him, what is the use of him? And if you see - strong, capable of business - sorry, help him. And if someone is weak, incapable of doing business - spit on him, pass by. ... you help the one who is standing in trouble .... He may not ask you for your help, so you guess yourself, but help him without his asking. You can't live alone without friendship... try to be friends with those who are better, smarter than you... Try not to be fake, but to be real... Don't be worse than others in science... Honor God and your parent! .... books alone are not enough: you still need the ability to use them ... This must be learned from life itself ... A person must take care of himself for his work and know the path to his work firmly ... .... You are in sin, you are responsible ... Live honestly and firmly ... do not wish someone else's, take care of your own tightly ...
slide 5
Yakov Mayakin's instructions
You live fearlessly and do what you are assigned to do. And a person is appointed to arrange life on earth ... ... no one, brother, acts at a loss if he is smart ... ... Why do we need to repair a house if we did not live in it and it is not ours? Wouldn't it be smarter if we stand on the sidelines and stand and watch for the time being... Life... is set very simply: either gnaw at everyone, or lie in the mud... ... A merchant in a state is the first power, because millions are with him.
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
slide 6
Lyubov Mayakina about the meaning of life
... every day I am more and more convinced that life is difficult ... What should I do? Marry to go? For whom? For a merchant who will rob people, drink, play cards all his life? Don't want! I want to be a person... I am a person because I already understand how bad life is. Study? Will the father let ... Run? Not enough courage... What should I do?
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Slide 7
Something is growing in my heart...
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Debts must be paid... A visible court is needed... To understand people... And what joy does a person get from them (money)? Behind the eyes - do not swear - but swear - in the eyes directly ...
- The cockroach is crawling - and it knows where and why it needs it, and you - what? Where are you?.. Is it possible for a person with a soul to live the way you live? In my soul - a fire burns ... shame in it ... And I also feel - something is growing in my soul ... Against everyone! … Against falsehood!..!
Gordeev and Mayakin
Gordeev and Sasha
Slide 8
Where is my place?
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Foma, handsome and slender, in a short drape jacket and high boots, stood leaning back against the mast, plucking his beard with a trembling hand, admiring the work. The noise around him also evoked in him a desire to scream, to mess around with the peasants, to chop down a tree, to carry weights, to command - to make everyone pay attention to himself and show everyone his strength, dexterity, living soul in himself. But he restrained himself and stood silently, motionless: he was ashamed. He is the master here over everyone, and if he starts to work himself, no one will believe that he works simply out of a desire, and not in order to fit them, to set an example for them ... "Where is my place?" - he thought gloomily. - Where is my business?"
Slide 9
Need to do this work...
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Having reached the handle of the gate, he poked his chest against it with a swing and, feeling no pain, with a roar began to walk around the gate, powerfully resting his feet on the deck ... For the first time in his life, he experienced such an inspiring feeling and swallowed it with all the strength of his hungry soul, became drunk from him and poured out his joy in loud, jubilant cries in harmony with the workers ... - It is necessary to do such work, - he said, moving his eyebrows, - so that even a thousand years later people would say: this is what the Bogorodsk peasants did ... yes! ..
Slide 10
My soul hurts!
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Foma felt that the newly emerging excitement would not last long in him. Some kind of worm sucked his heart... - If you feel sick, then you want something... What do you want? - I do not know! - Sadly shaking his head, Foma replied ... - I don’t want to party ... It’s all the same: people, fun, and wine ... I become angry - so I would beat everyone ... I don’t like people. .. You won't understand why they live?
… it is difficult to speak in such a way that people understand you… it is difficult!
- My heart hurts! - ... And that's why it hurts that - does not put up!
slide 11
But he could not break free from the fetters of his wealth ...
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
So Thomas lived day after day, cherishing a vague hope of moving somewhere to the edge of life, out of this hustle and bustle. ... he wanted to scream, howl like a beast, frighten all people - stop their senseless fuss, pour something of his own into the noise and bustle of life, say some loud, hard words, direct them all in one direction, and not against each other ... He imagined himself outside the basin in which people were seething; he saw himself firmly on his feet and mute. He could shout to people: "How are you? Aren't you ashamed?" But if they, having heard his voice, ask: "How should one live?" He perfectly understood that after such a question he would have to fall from a height somersault, there, under the feet of people, to the millstone. The desire for freedom grew and grew stronger in him. But he could not escape from the fetters of his wealth ... ... he understood that the old man was pressing him in order to turn on his own path. ... then he made peace with it and continued his reckless, drunken life,
slide 12
What do you need to do to be happy with yourself?
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
- ... what you need to do to live in peace ... that is, to be satisfied with yourself. - You must always live in love with something inaccessible to you ... A person becomes taller because he reaches up ... - There are two of us ... outcasts from life ... We both want ... the same ... attention to the person ... happiness to feel needed by people ...
Gordeev and feuilletonist Yezhov
slide 13
Deceivers...
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
There were about thirty of them, all respectable people, the color of the local merchants ... Here is Lup Reznikov, he began his career as the owner of a brothel ... Kononov, twenty years ago, was sued for arson, and now he is also under investigation for molesting a minor ... ... Among these people there are none almost none of which Foma would not have known something criminal ... ... Many of them are in a quarrel with each other, all do not give mercy to one another in military trading, everyone knows each other bad, dishonest deeds .. But now... they merged into a dense, dark mass and stood and breathed like one person... "Deceivers..." he thought, encouraging himself.
Slide 14
What have you done?
What have you done? You did not create a life - a prison ... You did not arrange order - you forged chains for a person. It is stuffy, cramped, there is nowhere for a living soul to turn around... A man is dying! You did not build a life, you made a garbage pit! Dirt and stuffiness you parted with your deeds. Do you have a conscience? Do you remember God? Piatak is your god! And you have banished your conscience... You live by someone else's power... you work with someone else's hands!
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
slide 15
I'm lost... I know
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Thomas was silent. Everything he did led to nothing, his speech did not shake the merchants... They are calm, firm, treat him like a brawler and plot something against him... - My heart ached... I felt the truth! - I'm lost... I know! Only - not from your strength ... but from my weakness ... yes! ... I was lost - from blindness ... I saw a lot and became blind ...
slide 16
It's been three years
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Thomas recently appeared on the streets of the city. He's kind of worn out, crumpled and half-witted. Almost always drunk, he appears - sometimes gloomy, with frowned eyebrows and with his head lowered to his chest, sometimes smiling with a pathetic and sad smile of a blessed one. Sometimes he gets rowdy, but that rarely happens. He lives in his sister's yard, in the wing... Merchants and townspeople who know him often laugh at him. Thomas is walking down the street, and suddenly someone shouts to him: - Hey you, prophet!
Slide 17
Topics for writing
Are father's instructions always positive? Is W. Channing's statement “Mistakes are a science that helps us move forward” always confirmed by life experience? What is the role of home and family in the preservation and transmission of life experience? Is it possible to avoid mistakes in the search for a life path? The role of parental guidance in human life.
Ivanova A.V. UKP at IK-2 village of Talitsy
Collection of works: "The cause is not the master, but a fierce enemy" (based on the novel "Foma Gordeev")
Against everyone, against falsehood.
M. Gorky
Brightly, with irreconcilable hatred, he draws the world of "masters of life", of profit, dooming millions of people to poverty, hunger and lack of rights. But this world is already splitting from the inside, it is not monolithic, as its inhabitants would like.
In the novel "Foma Gordeev" Gorky shows the vices of society, ruining the class of "owners" from the inside. This system is doomed, but it is still trying to maintain its former might and power, clinging to every opportunity, neglecting all human principles. What is the reason for the degeneration of the class of "masters"? Gorky examines this problem in detail and shows the example of the Gordeev family.
Ignat Gordeev is the founder of the business. He started with a water spout on the stock exchange of the rich Zaev, at the age of forty he became the owner of three steamships. This is a powerful and controversial personality.
It seemed like three people coexisted in it at once: frantic. and a worker greedy for any business; A "naughty" reveler and a sinner, praying for God's forgiveness. Ignat is able to calmly look at the death of his barges during an ice drift, throw a huge jackpot on the construction of a doss house, squander and drink a huge amount of money. He is not greedy for them, reasoning philosophically: "Volga gave, she took away. He understands that “the business is a living and strong beast, it must be ruled skillfully.” Ignat is the master who builds the business.
The long-awaited heir - Thomas grows closed and taciturn. Ignat sees in him a lot of strange things, unnecessary and superfluous for the “master of life.” Foma does not understand the benefits of teaching, does not want to read books, grows up as a favorite of Ignat and Uvalny. The untimely death of his father stunned Foma, completely confused and led astray.
Godfather Mayakin's speeches about the value of money do not inspire confidence in him. The young man is scared and hard to live. He does not see reliable support. Money is like a burden to him. He is ready to spend them aimlessly and senselessly. Mayakin says about him: "The man crashed." There is no "rod", support in him.
Foma speaks "against everyone ... against falsehood." His protest is spontaneous, destructive, primarily for Thomas himself. He fights and riots, breaks his own and other people's barges; through his fault, innocent people who work for him die and are maimed.
Gorky shows that this protest does not bring any positive result, since there is no visible goal behind the brute and dark power of Thomas. He does not know what he wants, and this is the worst thing. Captain Efim says about him: "And the cause is not the master, but a fierce enemy."
The "class of masters" is surprisingly unanimous when trouble threatens him from outside. Defending the capital of Ignat Gordeev, the business of a friend's life, Mayakin brings his son to "madness." No one in this world is given the right to live independently. Money rules here. They are the God of this society. For their sake, these people - "pillars of society" - will go to any crime.
Foma turned out to be "superfluous", and was thrown out of the "society of businessmen" without any regret.
Gorky showed in the novel that protest, even the most sincere and ardent, becomes meaningless if there is no knowledge, real goals and a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat you want to achieve behind it.
Reading the work leaves a bitter feeling of a young life wasted in vain, although you implicitly understand that thanks to such "madmen" this seemingly unshakable system was shaken and fell.
