Where makar calves did not shed the meaning of phraseology. How the dragonfly sings and where Makar did not drive the calves: unknown expressions of the Russian language

Eric Hoesli had long dreamed of getting to Chukotka.

Eric Hösli is a Swiss journalist and editor-in-chief of Le Temps (the largest daily newspaper in French Switzerland). He is 43 years old, married, has two children, traveled to all continents except Antarctica. I have visited the USSR and Russia dozens of times.

We met him in Moscow in 1984, the Orwellian year, when he was a trainee and I was unemployed. Over the years, it turned out that there is no more reliable person among my acquaintances. This is the case when "no" means no, "yes" - yes, and if he says "I'll try" - it means he will make maximum efforts.

When he was 10 years old, his mother got tired of enduring his idleness and said: either learn the language, or learn music. He categorically rejected music, and decided to learn an exotic language, for originality. Nobody taught Chinese in Lausanne. Thus, he turned out to be a student of an old Russian emigrant. When we met, it was very funny not so much because of the accent, but because of the extremely old-fashioned expressions that had long disappeared from the Soviet language.

He fell in love with Russia immediately. Not to Soviet power, of course, but to the country and the people. But I thought that he still did not understand anything with us. Yes, we ourselves constantly felt that we live in an absolutely bewitched, incomprehensible country. I explained to him: “You are coming for a week, you have a Swiss passport and American dollars in your pocket - and you think you know our life? It's like you would go down in a submarine to the bottom of the sea, look out the window, and then tell that you know how fish live. But fish, friend, live under great pressure and breathe water, while you were protected and breathed air.

Then he took his wife, a baby and came for three months (it was already 1989), and he no longer lived in a hotel, but in our two-room apartment - in a five-story ice panel "khrushchev". The child caught a cold immediately and was constantly sick. More than two months passed, behind the wall Edith was trying to feed a snotty baby, and we were sitting in the kitchen, and Eric looked terrible.

Why are you so sad? I asked, certain that he was distressed by the child's illness.

Soon we will have to return to Switzerland.

You have no idea how boring it is!

In 1994, he persuaded me to go to Magadan, and from there along the famous highway to the former camps. And definitely in January. To feel. Everything came true. It was minus 30 in Magadan, we were visiting Vadim Kozin, drinking vodka, and he sang ditties to us, which he once sang to Stalin. Kozin put his records (78 revolutions) on the old player and sang along with himself, the young one, in an old rattling voice. And it was minus 50 on the highway. And when the car broke down, Eric (and at the same time I) learned what it was like to vote at night in the icy desert. Thank God, everyone stops there, otherwise - death.

He also wanted to go to Chukotka in January. In addition, a member of the Swiss parliament got in touch with him. Disabled without both legs. Doctors told him that this was the last year when he could walk on prostheses, then - all his life in a wheelchair. And Luke Recordon decided that this was his last chance to see the end of the world. I tried to persuade them to move to spring, but they wanted frost, snowstorms and polar nights.

They planned the route rigidly: Geneva - Moscow - Anadyr (Chukotka) - Anchorage (Alaska) - San Francisco - Geneva. At the same time and round the world trip. Tickets were booked for all flights, except for the shortest: Anadyr - Anchorage.

They flew from Geneva to Moscow on time. We spent the night, left for Domodedovo and returned: Anadyr does not accept. The next day, to my surprise, they still flew away. People are lucky: yesterday Anadyr did not accept, but today he does. Two days later, Eric called, his voice was exhausted and angry, he said that they were in Magadan, there was nowhere to sleep, nothing to eat, and the most unpleasant thing was that all their warm clothes were on the plane, they didn’t give their luggage to anyone, so that later claims if something goes missing. It became clear that 160 passengers of the flight to Anadyr were simply taken out of sight so as not to litter the capital's Domodedovo airport. And wait - let them wait in Magadan. The passengers were told that the Anadyr airport was completely unequipped. And you can't fly there when it's dark, when it's windy, when it's snowing, and when there's ice on the runway. But three days later, they flew from Magadan to Anadyr at night into a snowstorm and landed in complete darkness on an icy strip. In this sense, Russia (like the USSR) is different from boring Europe. Almost everything is possible there, but if something is impossible, then it is impossible. And almost everything is impossible with us, but if you really want ...

It was not possible to fly from Anadyr to Alaska, the elbow is close, but you won’t bite. Both Swiss in two weeks despaired, returned to Moscow. But out of stubbornness, they did not fly home to Geneva, but flew to San Francisco in order to return home from there as planned.

Both the deputy and the editor-in-chief made this journey at their own expense. If Eric was on a business trip from his newspaper, he would be required to write daily reports, and he wanted to travel "for himself." But I was sure that he would not be able not to write, nature would take its toll. And when they returned to Moscow (to fly to San Francisco), and began to talk about what they saw in Chukotka, I told Eric: “Write for MK, and then print it for yourself, but only after us.”

Eric wrote and sent four materials: about the flight to Chukotka, about Russians in Chukotka, about the Chukchi, about Abramovich.

Description of delays, painful waiting in Magadan, etc., we decided not to publish. For a Swiss, this is curious, but for us it is the norm. We publish three other materials with slight reductions (for example, the detailed historical information about Semyon Dezhnev has been reduced). In addition, Western journalists most punctually refer each time to the source of information. Instead of “one woman said” they write: “As Matryona Ivanovna Nikanorova said, a former teacher living ...” - cluttering up the text with an unbearable number of unknown names.

The materials that you read today in MK will be published by the Swiss newspaper Le Temps next week. RUSSIANS LEAVING LEAVING THE DOGS Anadyr, the capital of Russian Chukotka, is a city under siege. From all sides it is besieged by the river, separating the city from the airport. The only constant connection with the rest of Chukotka, Moscow and the world is air. In winter, the river is crossed over ice. In summer - on a creaking barge. The rest of the time you can only get over by helicopter.

A week before our arrival, one of the three helicopters carrying people and cargo exploded during the flight. Eleven corpses. Fate.

The storm hits suddenly. The street, which had just glowed with milky lights, turns into a continuous whirlwind, you can’t even see the neighboring house. A white wall, such a wind that you can stand on your feet only by bending over in three deaths. Schools are closed during blizzard days, because students may not reach them.

Anadyr is besieged by a white desert. It is difficult to discern the boundaries between ocean and land, between continent and sky. “Not a single tree. Only a semblance of bushes along the river. The rest is rock and tundra,” wrote Cossack Semyon Dezhnev in 1648, the first European to set foot on the banks of Anadyr.

The land of ice, wind and tundra - Chukotka was actually colonized only in the 20th century, especially after the war. But the Russians, who live here in conditions unimaginable to a European, have the same pioneering spirit as Dezhnev's Cossacks. They don't live here, they survive here.

Chukotka, whose area is 15 Switzerland, has practically no roads. They move along it by helicopter, by all-terrain vehicle - an impressive machine raised on tracks and able to overcome snowstorms and snowdrifts. And - increasingly - on dog sleds. This situation is caused by the elements and the economic fate of the Russian Arctic. Sometimes it seems that it destroys, sometimes - that it increases the ability of the inhabitants of Anadyr to endure hardships.

On the streets, packs of stray dogs roam in search of food. They snoop around rusty slop bins, between piles of concrete houses (they can't be built directly on permafrost). In readers' letters published by the local newspaper Krayniy Sever, residents complain that they are attacked by dogs in the evenings.

Most of the dogs were abandoned by those who left the city and Chukotka to return to the mainland, to the European part of Russia.

Of the 160,000 inhabitants in 1990, by 2000 only 70,000 remained in Chukotka. In Anadyr itself, the population has declined from 13,000 to 8,000 inhabitants, and signs of this exodus are visible in the city. Nature and wild life are slowly reclaiming this polar space. A polar fox catches a mouse in front of the local administration building. The polar bear was caught on the outskirts of the city. The Chukchi are gradually leaving the wooden houses of Tavaivaami (aboriginal camps near Anadyr) and settling in the city, in houses abandoned by the Russians. Abandoned buildings are visible everywhere, windows are broken, doors are torn out, snow accumulates on the stairs and in the corridors. Apartment prices have collapsed, you can buy a two-room apartment for $500. On local television, municipal officials plead with homeless people, drunkards and looters not to destroy aimlessly abandoned housing. Anger and hopelessness...

The best left Chukotka first: those who had a chance to find an interesting job, specialists. The most helpless remained.

Here is the Tarasov family. The couple saved up for 17 years and bought an apartment in Ukraine to live there in old age. But they cannot move there without giving up their pension. Ukraine does not recognize the rights of former Soviet citizens who have become Russians, which means they are foreigners. And now they are waiting in the Far North for an impossible solution to their problem. “We live in hell,” Anna Tarasova calmly remarks.

Despite these nightmarish conditions, the people of Anadyr are struggling with depression.

The town, covered with snow, radiates the spirit of the past. There are very few cars, pedestrians wander against the wind, schoolchildren frolic on the main street. The impression of a return to childhood, immersion in an era when time flowed more slowly. Central newspapers arrive many months late, television reception is limited and of poor quality, evenings are spent visiting and listening to stories. On the table are pieces of venison and fish, which are dipped in seal fat. The most interesting guests stand up to recite poems of their own composition. Or tighten one of the songs of the Siberian pioneers. Chorus: "Wait for us, unmet schoolgirl brides, in small asphalt southern cities."

Foreigners rarely complain. Much less frequently than in other regions of Russia, where conditions are much better. Is this the pride of the northerners, as one of the journalists of the Far North believes? Stealth? Or did they despair of waiting for someone to understand them? One new acquaintance said to me: “How do you want us to explain to you what the absence of electricity is if you don’t know what the polar night is?”

(Having read up to this point, I saw how a resident of Anadyr was trying to explain to a Swiss journalist that he did not understand anything and could not understand, and I remembered my example with a submarine. The Chukchi turned out, perhaps, more convincingly. - A.M.)EVERY CHUKCHI HAS ITS OWN SONG Timochka died.

A depressed mood reigns at the table of the Chukchi family. They learned that in Enmelen, the family's home camp, cousin Timofey, aka Timochka, had died of an illness. The diagnosis is unclear, it is only known that from the age of 34 he suffered from a serious lung disease. Doctors recommended that he urgently go to the nearest hospital, but they could not transport him there because there was no free helicopter. (Death from an illness. But in fact - from a state that does not provide medical care. - A.M.)

The death happened a few days ago, and custom forbids crying. “If the deceased is mourned for too long,” the mistress of the house says in a trembling voice, “then in the other world he will be in the water.”

In Chukotka, Timochka's death is commonplace. After living conditions have deteriorated here, on the edge of Russia, an accident or a serious illness in distant camps often turns into death or injury. Life expectancy among the Chukchi and Eskimos fell to 45 years. This is 15 years less than the average for Russia, where, however, life expectancy also falls year by year.

Relatives are also so upset because Timochka was the last hunter in the family, the breadwinner. He hunted walruses and seals, which in winter are the main food of the natives, left to the mercy of fate. According to the custom of the camp, all families of hunters use the prey of one for free. And now Timochka's family fell into this category of freeloaders: his widow, children, cousins, grandmother, uncles and aunts, too weak to hunt or fish.

From the beginning of the Soviet era, and especially after collectivization, reindeer herding began to decline. In 1926 there were 600,000 heads, in the past - less than 100,000. Nomadism had to be abandoned, and most of this people, who at one time offered considerable resistance to Russian colonization, today, together with the Eskimos, occupies most of the villages between the Bering Strait and the Arctic Ocean. They fish using international quotas for the local population (169 whales, 10,000 seals and 3,000 walruses per year).

Collectivized, made settled, russified in boarding schools that separated the children of the natives from the tundra, the Chukchi were long considered an insignificant minority. Lost due to their small number (about 15,000 in the entire region) in the huge fraternal family of the peoples of the USSR, they were known mainly through anecdotes. In Soviet anecdotes, the Chukchi were given the role that the French in anecdotes assign to the Belgians. In the future, the Chukchi were to dissolve into the Russian-Siberian mass, retaining only a few folklore customs.

But the collapse of the USSR and the collapse of the economy of the Far North decided otherwise. If earlier the Chukchi, together with the Eskimos (1,500 people), were an insignificant minority, then over the past decade, the rapid exodus from Chukotka of tens of thousands of Russians has significantly changed the proportion. Soon the Chukchi will make up a third of the population of the region.

The end of the Cold War, which the Chukchi call "the rise of the ice curtain," significantly changed relations with neighboring Alaska. The Chukchi, despite the fact that their language and history are very different from the Eskimo, observe with interest how the political rights that the natives received in their autonomies in Alaska, Canada and Greenland are being exercised.

However, among the Chukchi, neither nationalist indignation nor the desire for real autonomy is noticeable.

Very concerned about the specter of Chukchi nationalism, the first governor of the post-Soviet era, Alexander Nazarov, ended his term in an atmosphere of absolute unpopularity. In recent years, he has stepped up measures to control and suppress the local population. The weekly in Chukchi was closed in 1995. The protesters went on strike and - fell under the control of the security services. Rebroadcasting of TV programs from Alaska and even from other Russian regions was stopped. All programs in Eskimo and Chukchi to be broadcast on local TV or radio must be translated into Russian in advance and submitted to the authorities for viewing and approval. “We are even suspected of using our legends as a tool to disturb the minds,” says one of the employees of the Chukchi television. Russian journalists are required to obtain special accreditation to cover international meetings of the peoples of the Far North and are under threat of dismissal for the slightest inaccuracy in covering such a sensitive subject.

(Swiss journalist discovered Soviet censorship in Russia in 2001. Surely in ten years no one has been found who would tell Governor Nazarov that censorship is prohibited. - A.M.)

“The local authorities did not like that the Eskimos from Alaska were coming to tell us about the ecological state of the region.” - recalls Tatyana Achyrgyna, president of the cultural center of the Eskimos of Anadyr.

Now many Chukchi intellectuals are again turning to the culture of their ancestors. The journalist and writer Omruvi, who had been a reindeer herder in the tundra for a long time, published his first novels in the Chukchi language (they were translated into French and published in France). These are stories about collectivization, about how Aboriginal children lost touch with their people, a tragedy that Omruvi himself experienced. He dreams of reviving reindeer herding traditions that were destroyed by the Soviet economy. “In Chukchi,” he says, “I find words to describe it. In Russian, I can only be silent.”

In the speeches of these "lawyers" of the Chukchi people there is not a trace of aggressiveness towards the Russians. “Maybe it’s because,” Omruvi smiles, “that there are no swear words in our language.”

However, the Chukchi speak their language less and less and even understand it less and less.

The song became the main one in the struggle for language.

According to the Chukchi custom, each newborn is given a melody, which is called his personal song and which accompanies him all his life. “When they give a name, they give a song,” Viktor Tymnievi says. A personal song consists of a simple musical theme and a few words. Over time, new stanzas are gradually added to them - in proportion to the events experienced, joys and sorrows.

A close relative or family friend can give the child a song even before the child is born. The mother sings to her child while he is in her belly, then to the baby to soothe him. “At first it was for protection, something like a talisman,” explains Zoya Tagrina, a woman from a fishing family who has studied the vocal traditions of the Chukchi for many years. - The mother uses it as a lullaby, realizing that the song does not belong to her and that the "copyright" is transferred to her only for a while. Then this personal hymn helps the child become a person, and when he becomes an adult, the song is sometimes painful to sing. Tears well up in your eyes when you return to childhood memories or to the death of your parents...”

Zoya's daughter, 12-year-old Ainana, also has her own song, which her grandfather gave her. It is about a bird that flies against the wind. We will not know more - only Ainana has the right to sing a melody and know the words that are stored in her heart. SECRET OF THE OLIGARCHY How to measure the region's hopes? The number of letters that its population addresses to the authorities.

“Power” in Chukotka is one person, Roman Abramovich, the governor of the region since December 24, 2000. He is 34 years old, married, three children, profession - oligarch.

Last year, when Abramovich was still a State Duma deputy, he alone received a quarter of all letters addressed to hundreds of parliamentarians. And since he became the head of Chukotka, one of the poorest Russian regions, he has already received 9,000 messages! Per month!

The inhabitants of Chukotka write so much because, unlike the vast majority of their fellow citizens from other regions of Russia, they firmly hope that their requests will be heard.

Roman Abramovich ordered to study every letter. On the appointed day, subordinates receive people, sometimes coming from the farthest corners of the region. From 4 p.m. a queue forms, and the reception lasts until late at night. One of the features of the new administration, lost on the edge of the earth, is to work in the rhythm of its governor. Roman Abramovich spends half of his time in Moscow, where he has plenty of other things to do. Those two weeks a month that he is in Chukotka force local officials, especially high-ranking officials, to follow an unusual schedule. “Come on Saturday at 10 pm,” they tell you without batting an eyelid. Abramovich's personal secretariat answers phone calls after midnight.

When you ask any resident of the region, Russian or native, man or woman, young or old, about the personality of the governor, you get one answer: “His coming to power is an incredible success for us, we place so many hopes on him!”

Abramovich received 91% in the elections. Some of his opponents argue that the figure was deliberately lowered to soften the negative impression of this North Korean result, which was viewed with suspicion in the rest of Russia and abroad.

Who is really the man hidden by heaps of doxology?

The meeting with the hero of Chukotka did not give an unambiguous solution to this riddle. The biography of the character is very unusual. Roman Abramovich has one of the largest fortunes in Russia. He is the main shareholder of the oil giant Sibneft and the main Russian aluminum concern. American publications attribute to him a personal fortune of $2 billion. A great friend of Boris Yeltsin's daughter Tatiana Dyachenko (who was made infamous by her influence with her father-president and possession of a Swiss credit card), the oligarch-governor gained a reputation as the secret financier of the presidential clan. A former protégé of Boris Berezovsky in recent times, Abramovich no doubt owes much of his fortune to his proximity to power and tactical talent. “It has an outstanding scale,” says one Swiss businessman who knows the Russian market well. - When everyone is at a loss, he sees the prospect, he decides, he acts. To put it cynically, Berezovsky made a bad choice, and Abramovich abandoned him just in time. He's impressive!”

Impressive? At least not outwardly. Governor Abramovich, sitting in his office, seems to be weighed down by a meeting with a journalist in advance. He does not like to talk, even more he hates to state his credo and hit the political and lyrical digressions. A complete opposite of exalted and addicted fellow oligarchs. Maybe he chose the Arctic not by chance. “He's modest,” says a close associate who persuaded Abramovich to give an interview. A modest man with two billion dollars... He gave only two interviews to the Western media. And a little more - to Russian journalists. When you listen to it, you think whether this love of silence is not the fear of disappointing. Refusal to play a role different from that expected of him by his interlocutors. And yet he is in front of me - in a sweater, worn jeans and white sneakers, with eternal unshaven on his open face. He looks like an overgrown student of the French Institute of Political Sciences, whom fate has thrown into Russia. On the wall is a large portrait of Boris Yeltsin and another smaller one of Vladimir Putin.

An interview is a test for a journalist. Rereading your own notes, you see long lines of questions, interrupted only by laconic answers. No frills, no concessions, but no rhetoric either. In general, no fun.

Roman Arkadyevich, your election slogan was: "Chukotka is serious and for a long time." How do you imagine the region in 10 years?

Less populated. 50,000 inhabitants for this territory would be enough.

And how do you imagine other changes, the discovery of new minerals, their extraction? Economic development?

We need to make better use of local energy sources, especially wind, water and solar energy.

We are located near Alaska. Communication with her was interrupted for a long time. In the early 90s, relations began to recover, but then slowed down. How often do you visit Alaska, do you know the local governor? Do you think about joint projects, about the development of the region, focused on a prosperous neighbor?

Everything must be done to bring the two countries closer together. We have joint projects in the economy, culture and education.

The young governor is skeptical. Unlike other powers that be, to whom he certainly belongs, he prefers to answer: “I don’t know”, “I don’t know yet”, “We’ll see”, but this does not show a desire to avoid answering. He will really "look". And he counts on good advice from employees.

- Will you give more rights to the natives?

I have no final conclusions about this, but I would like them to live in accordance with their original customs.

- Will you promote the freedom of the press, which has suffered so far in this remote region?

Journalists just need to take it into their own hands.

- How do you feel about the huge expectations that are placed on you?

It is necessary that the minds of people change, so that they stop thinking that everything will be given to them from above.

- Thank you very much, Roman Arkadyevich. But tell me, for God's sake, why did you need to pull this cart?

Tricky question. It was asked by all journalists, and always in response - long discussions around the bush... Abramovich smiles. He was waiting for this question. And he already knows that the answer will be unconvincing. Indeed, how to explain in a few words why a young, rich, influential man, who also does not like to fly on airplanes (at least, so they say in his environment), chose as his kingdom the land of ice and wind, abandoned by its inhabitants, located 9 hours time difference with Moscow, a land where the average temperature is below zero and where neither bushes nor trees grow? He has already built himself a house according to the Canadian project.

“I like this job. I enjoy being here.” The smile widens as the mystery is not cleared up, and he knows it. His eyes seem to say: look for the correct answer yourself, if you can.

Oil? Diamonds? New unknown deposits? Experts on local natural resources assure that the extraction of minerals that have not yet been developed is unprofitable. “It would be easier to do this in Siberia,” says Vladimir Etylin. “Only fishing and, perhaps, extreme tourism are promising, otherwise the region does not have significant economic potential for development.”

Impunity? The status of governor does not provide any protection. After Putin became president, the governorship is a burden left at the mercy of the central government.

What then?

Roman Abramovich had nothing to do with Chukotka. The first time he came here 14 months ago, when the last governor asked him to take the post of deputy from the region in the State Duma. He has since spent $18 million out of his own pocket. He expects to spend at least the same amount in 2001. In addition, the mere relocation of his legal address to Anadyr increased the local budget by $35 million. Residents say Abramovich fell from the sky...

This manna from heaven is distributed by the private fund "Pole of Hope", which was organized by the oligarch himself last year. During the summer holidays, the foundation sent 3,000 children to the Black Sea coast and the Central Russian forests. The orphans and the most disadvantaged were the first to receive help, and 7,000 other babies will follow their path this summer. But Santa Claus did not stop there. The Pole of Hope finances weekly flights from Chukotka to Moscow. For local students during the holidays, round-trip tickets are free, and each is given 6,000 rubles for the trip. The fund buys apartments in Central Russia and donates them to pensioners who no longer see their future beyond the Arctic Circle. The Foundation gave every family in every remote village 120 kilograms of flour, sugar and butter to get through the winter. The Foundation sent 11,000 new books to the district libraries, donated tons of medicines to veterinarians and reindeer herders, gave out 11,100 pairs of warm shoes, 3,630 jackets, 2,350 fur hats and 18,600 New Year's gifts. This year, the governor is going to buy two light aircraft that could provide regular communications between different parts of the region.

An interesting paradox: Roman Abramovich (the epitome of capitalism and the market economy) replaced the people's government. In his own person, Roman Abramovich replaced the collapsed Soviet Union. His understanding of symbols must be sought in the memory of the Soviet people: continuing the traditions of the heroes of the Soviet Arctic, he directs expeditions of icebreakers. Breaking up the ice floes, Vasily Golovin, loaded with 10,000 tons of food and technical assistance, sailed in the middle of winter - for the first time in decades - to the port of Chukotka.

Like the communist regime, Abramovich has his own Komsomol: technicians, telecommunications experts, engineers, livestock and energy experts whom he recruits in Moscow and St. Petersburg and who come to Chukotka for several weeks or months. Every day, these Komsomol members of the oligarch meet at the table of the only restaurant in Anadyr, which serves as a dining room for them, as in the good old days of the great Siberian construction projects. The discipline is high, because a career at Sibneft may depend on it. They eat fast, work hard, respect the local population, don't drink. And this is very noticeable in a region where alcoholism is more than a bad habit.

This firework of expense and effort says a lot about Abramovich. He doesn't like being resisted. Deciding to conquer the Arctic, he chose the most difficult challenge that modern Russia could throw him. “Whoever can develop Chukotka can develop all of Russia,” mutters one of his associates, apparently implying that the young governor's career is far from over. Who knows? But so quickly raised to the top by his connections, taking advantage at the age of 34 of what for most mortals is only a dream, this man, perhaps, is looking for a means to show what solid material he is made of, what he is capable of. Trying to give new meaning to your life? Or does he want to prove that he can lift an iceberg alone - the ice mountain of Chukotka?

The Chukchi have no electricity, no TVs, hair dryers, coffee grinders, no medicines, no fruits... there are not many things without which most citizens cannot imagine life.

And I knew all this.

But I did not know that there are no swear words in the Chukchi language. I didn’t even imagine that there could be a language on planet Earth in which there are no swear words.

This is such a NEW mix that it forces:

Reconsider the views on human nature;

It is even more critical to look at ourselves.

While I thought that everyone was cursing, I was like everyone else. Now, when it turned out that there are people who do not swear and do not have terms for this ... In general, when you find that you are morally lower than the Chukchi ... That there is a whole people - albeit small and half-dead - that has retained the real human kindness of the soul in absolutely inhuman conditions... * * * Six months ago, among many different letters, I happened to read a letter from Chukotka, from Pevek. The woman wrote that her son died in Chechnya. The Chukotka authorities gave her compensation for her dead son. Two cans of canned fish.

It turns out that she was given one dollar for the murdered child.

This was done by governor Nazarov's officials, for whom he is responsible. It seems to carry without noticing the weight. He is now with us - a senator, he is in the Federation Council, he is in a toga, and not in prison, not in a monastery, not even retired.

But it is very possible that when their earthly mission ends, then these officials - and the one who gave his mother two cans of canned food for his son, and all his bosses, right up to Senator Nazarov, or even higher - all of them will be dragged into hell by these two cans . But if justice triumphed not in this world, but in this world, then the officials who value the life of a Russian soldier in two cans of canned food would have to hang next to the Tractor drivers who shoot these captured soldiers.

where ... did not drive calves

Male name (Greek blessed)

. "Blessed" (name)

. "Virgin Soil Upturned" (hero)

. "... Miracle", Gorky

The hero of the series "Brothers"

Calf chaser

Masha Shukshina's grandfather

Until now, science cannot establish where he did not drive the calves.

famous calf chaser

famous male name

Name Nagulnov

Nagulnov's name (lit.)

Nagulnov's name (literary)

Chudra's name from the novel of the same name by Maxim Gorky

The name of the hero Gorky

The name of the hero of the Gorky story

The name of the persecutor of calves

Name from the name of the pistol "PM"

Name of the father of the first President of Ukraine

The name of the calf shepherd from the proverb

The name of the gypsy Chudra

The name of Sholokhov Nagulnov

Cinematic leader of the bros

Cinematic Pathfinder

The leader of the bros

Movie Bros Leader

Male name

Male name that rhymes with Icarus

Male name: (Greek) blessed, blissful

It is not known where chasing calves

One of the "brothers"

Father of the 1st President of Ukraine

Father of Vasily Shukshin

Father of Vasily Shukshin

calf driver

A calf driver in an unknown direction

Appropriate name for a calf chaser

Genius Pope's Helper

The poem of the Russian poet S. I. Kirsanov "... Mazai"

The nickname of the Ryazans, esp. Kadomtsev, as if, according to Peter, who met three Makars there in a row, and said jokingly: be all of you Makars! These are the best fishermen and kissers, which is why tax-farmers, and rogues in general, are called Makars. Sib. simpleton. Comic. mosquito. Let the macarka go, cheat. Makaryga, Makaryevsky beggar, Psk. hard. arrogant, unrepentant beggar. Yesterday Makar dug the ridges, now Makar got into the governors, a hint of wine farmers. I'll send you there, where Makar didn't send calves! Mosquito and midge, Makar and cat. Makar is not married twice. Cones fall on poor Makar

According to Dahl's dictionary, this name was the nickname of all Ryazanians, starting with Peter I

Calf chasing specialist

Veal shepherd from Russian folklore

The film "... - Pathfinder"

Nikolai Kovalsky's film "...-pathfinder"

Nice name for a Russian guy

The king in the film "There, on unknown paths ..."

. “Where ... drove the calves” (pom.)

What was the name of a poor landless peasant forced to graze his cattle on the most abandoned, desolated pastures

Grazing calves

Where ... drove the calves

Folk calf house

What word will you get if you mix the letters in the word "frame"

A mix of the word "karma"

Hero of a bitter story

Root "M" in the pistol "PM"

Gypsy, ... , Chudra

Anagram for "frame"

What word will you get if you mix the letters in the word "frame"?

What was the name of a poor landless peasant forced to graze his cattle on the most abandoned, desolated pastures?

The poem of the Russian poet S. I. Kirsanov "... Mazai"

A film by Nikolai Kovalsky "...-pathfinder"

. "... Miracle", Gorky

The film "... - Pathfinder"

. "Virgin Soil Upturned" (hero)

. "blessed" (name)

The hero of the series "Brothers"

. “where ... drove the calves” (pogov.)

The king in the film "There, on unknown paths ..."

Name from the name of the pistol "PM"

The leader of the bros

One of the "brothers"

Mix of the word "karma"

Root "M" in the pistol "PM"

Anagram for "frame"

A mess of the word "frame"

Why not a name for a Russian?

I can explain the rephrasing of the well-known phraseological unit in the title of the article by the fact that below I will present some information about the village of Makarovsky, which really existed and had a place to be, although the old-timers do not remember it, but rather got its name by the name of Makarov. The well-known expression “Where Makar did not drive the calves” is applicable to our farm, then the village in the sense that now this place is unknown to anyone, forgotten, but there was such a settlement on the map of the modern Orenburg region. And the Makarovs lived in it, and other people who drove their calves-cows to the stalls after the pasture, lived here, worked, sowed, reaped, planted potatoes and fenced vegetable gardens.

The territories near the village of Proskurino, Buzuluk district, previously belonged to the Samara province, Buzuluk district, Surikov volost. In the list of populated places in the Samara province of 1890, compiled by Kruglikov, I did not find either Makarovsky or similar names around, which means that there was no such settlement at the end of the 19th century. But on the other hand, I found information that Vinchagov was founded by Buzuluk merchants and philistines since 1834.

I managed to find the first mention of the farm Makarovsky in the "List of populated places in the Middle Volga region of 1931". you can read in my article, where I talk in detail about these formations. As part of the Proskurinsky village council of the Buzuluk district, the Makarovsky farm is listed, consisting of 10 households, in which 52 people live, Russians. The nearest railway station is Buzuluk, which is 26 kilometers away, and the district center is also 26 kilometers away (this is Buzuluk in 1931), in the column indicating the distance from the village council, there is a dash. In the symbols for the list of populated places in the Middle Volga Territory, a dash means that there is no information.

As part of the Proskurinsky village council of the Buzuluk district in 1931, in addition to the Makarovsky farm, the Vishnevsky collective farm was also recorded, it was located 2 km. from the village council, there were 18 households in it, 103 inhabitants, all Russians.

Also, the village of Vypchagov (spelling guide), the distance to the district center, that is, Buzuluk, is 36 km, in the village there are 47 households, 235 people are Russian residents.

In the village of Lebyazhy collective farm there were 18 households and 93 residents, Great Russians. It was located 2 km from the village council, 23 from Buzuluk.

The Novy Svet collective farm was also 2 km away from Proskurino and 23 km from Buzuluk. There were 18 households in it and 97 Russians lived.

In the village of Pavlovsky in 1931 there were 10 households with sixty inhabitants, all Russians, located 23 km from Buzuluk.

The village of Savelyevka was 32 km away from the regional center, it had 165 households, 684 residents, Great Russians.

And in the center of the Proskurino village council, which was 23 km from Buzuluk, there were 334 houses with 1634 residents, Russians.

I will return to Makarovsky. The number of households in the settlement indicates to us the relatively recent time of the formation of Makarovsky. Recent relative to 1931. This farm was still lucky, it was twice noted in the statistical lists of settlements (in 1931 and in 1939), but, for example, it has not yet been determined, it is not listed in any directory.

Based on my personal observations, I will assume that the settlement was founded by people from neighboring villages who bore the name Makarov. The possessive form of the toponym and the names of neighboring villages - Vinchagov, Pavlovsky give me grounds to declare this fact. The time of foundation is rather 10-20 years of the 20th century, when people got the right to independently receive plots of land and do their own farming there. I would even say that this is the end of the 20s.

I looked at public databases on the Internet and found, for example, the fact that the Makarovs lived in the village of Surikovo, Kurmanaevsky district, they were in Ivanovka and Kostino, Andreevsky district (now it is also part of the Kurmanaevsky municipality). There are many Makarovs in the Buzuluk region. Perhaps the Makarovs, who founded the farm, first lived in Surikovo. So if you look at the map and the location of the Makarovsky tract, then geographically it will not be so far.

Where was the settlement Makarovsky?

I already wrote about the composition of the Kurmanaevsky district in 1939 in. But I didn't mention some things there. So, for example, the village of Vinchagov was 18 km from Kurmanaevka, it had one school, the village of Vishnevy 19 km also had one school, the village of Lebyazhy was 29 km from the regional center - then Kurmanaevka, there was no school, no post office, Makarovsky farm was 12 km from Kurmanaevka, there was also no school or post office, the village of Novy Svet was 29 km from the district center, the village of Proskurino was 29 km., in the center of the village council there was one school and one post office, the village of Savelievka was located from Kurmanaevka in 14 km. , it had 1 school, a dairy farm 17 km.

After analyzing the remoteness of one or another settlement from the regional center Kurmanaevka in 1939, I came to the conclusion that, according to the above data, most of the settlements were in close proximity to Proskurino, but Savelyevka and Makarovsky were almost nearby and slightly south of all other settlements, Considering the fact that Savelyevka was 14 km away from Kurmanaevka, and Makarovsky 12, it means that the latter was located some two kilometers from Savelyevka.

American topographic map of the USSR, the Volga region, the Kama region, the Urals, 1950. Makarovsky is located south of Savelievka.

Edition dated 10/26/2016 Indeed, according to a reader who asked me to find the location of the Makarovsky tract, there is a small summer milking not far from Savelyevka, there are two houses that are maintained in proper condition. None of the locals remember the name Makarovsky, everyone calls this place just a farm. There are only two houses left of the farm...

About the time of the disappearance of the settlement Makarovsky.

Again I turn to the reference book on the settlements of the Chkalovsky region, but already in 1949. There, as part of the Proskurinsky village council, there are the village of Vinchagov, the village of Vishnevy, the village of Proskurino, the village of Savelyevka. There is no Novy Svet, no Lebyazhye, no Pavlovsky, no Makarovsky. Knowing the processes of the Fourth Five-Year Plan in the country, I became convinced that small settlements such as Makarovsky and others fell victim to the first enlargement of collective farms carried out in the country in the last years of the Fourth Five-Year Plan. This is the end of the forties. Therefore, Makarovsky is no longer on the list of populated places in 1949. But on the map of 1950 we still see it, but it often happens that a settlement that has already ceased to exist is put on maps. He disappeared as a result of a smooth merger with a larger settlement. I think people could move both to Savelyevka and Surikovo. Local residents from Proskurino, old-timers, do not remember any Makarovsky, but this is not surprising, since the living witnesses of those years at the end of the forties were about ten years old. How much did you know as a child? Moreover, Markovsky was much closer to Savelyevka than to Proskurino.

Where to look for information on the former settlement?

Having data that the farm was founded by people with the surname Makarov and rather people from Surikovo, as well as the fact that the Makarovsky tract is close to Savelyevka, I would advise the reader who is looking for information on Makarovsky to contact the residents of Savelyevka and Surikovo. Better yet, find Makarovs in these villages. I think it will lead somewhere.

Then, in every settlement, since 1934, the so-called household books were kept. Makarovsky had these books because he existed from the 1920s to the 1940s. The data were recorded by village councils. Mostly stored in the archives of village councils, but there are books of existing settlements. You can, of course, look at household books on Makarovsky in the archives of the Proskurinsky village council. But, since at the moment Makarovsky is a tract, these books can be located both in the archives of Kurmanaevka and Buzuluk. Such documents contain a lot of information about former residents, about the surnames, names, patronymics of the heads of farms, as well as about each member of their families. I would highly recommend these books. Then in the data books there may be information about when the first houses appeared in the farm, and also in the column on those who left and arrived in the Tolmuds of the 40s, you can find information where residents left the ruined economy.

If there is no information about the place where the residents left, you can look through similar books of Savelyevka and Surikovo, for example, for 40-60 years. If there is an intersection of residents in Makarovsky and the above-mentioned settlements, then this will make it possible to confirm the fact of resettlement from one settlement to another.

How correct is Cherry or Cherry, Lebyazhka or Swan. About folk and official names.

Here a reader writes to me that the village was not called Cherry at all, but Vishnevka, and Lebyazhy - Lebyazhka. As a philologist, it is quite clear to me that these variants are rather colloquial than officially recognized. The names Vishnevka, Lebyazhka are inherent in the colloquial, colloquial environment. In all reference books, such as in the lists of populated places in 1931, 1939, 1949, the spelling of the names is the same that I give above. And Vishnevsky and Lebyazhy are generally recorded as the villages of Vishnevsky and Lebyazhy collective farms. I must say, the peasants were very fond of not only changing the established names in their own way, but also giving their very different names to the villages in which they lived. So in the article I argue that a certain Bartkovka is the name Verkhnegrishenka, common among the inhabitants, for example. And if the place of birth is written in the birth certificate - Vishnevka, then this means absolutely nothing, in those days they wrote from the words of the inhabitants, caring little about official names, and the workers of the village councils themselves were all from the peasant environment.

So, I summarize: having arisen in the 20s of the 20th century, the Makarovsky farm was created by people from neighboring settlements, presumably from Surikovo (now Kurmanaevsky district, Labazinsky village council). The surname of the founders of the farm is Makarov. This small settlement of 10 houses was located near Savelyevka, now in the Kurmanaevsky district (and previously belonged to the Kurmanaevsky or Buzuluksky district of the Proskurinsky village council). Makarovsky disappeared at the end of the 40s of the 20th century as a result of the first consolidation of collective farms. Presumably people have dispersed to neighboring settlements. He had a short history, so the old-timers do not remember him. Since now the living bearers of history are 80-90 years old, they were born in the 30s approximately and were children when the farm was gone, hence the oblivion of Makarovsky. He lived for a very short time, but he probably remained in the memory of his descendants. We just need to find them, the descendants of these people who lived in Makarovsky.

Where Makar did not drive calves Razg. Express. Very far, to the most remote places (send, send, drive, etc.). - The police officer came to find out who wanted to stake the ground. Everyone said Ivan. And they took Ivan somewhere. - Where did they take Ivan? - Where Makar did not drive calves(Prishvin. Kashcheev's chain).

Phraseological dictionary of the Russian literary language. - M.: Astrel, AST. A. I. Fedorov. 2008 .

See what "Where Makar didn't drive calves" is in other dictionaries:

where Makar did not drive calves- Adverb, number of synonyms: 10 God knows where (20) far (17) far (56) ... Synonym dictionary

where Makar did not drive calves- very far. The name Makar in many proverbs is associated with a poor, unhappy person. Perhaps Makar is a poor, landless peasant, forced to graze other people's calves on the most abandoned and desolated pastures. The place where even Makar ... ... Phraseology Handbook

Where Makar did not drive calves- Razg. Shuttle. Very far, far away. FSRYA, 235; BTS, 218, 478, 514; BMS 1998, 361 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

where Makar did not drive calves- Very far away, to an extremely remote, deaf place ... Dictionary of many expressions

where Makar did not drive calves- Very far, to the most remote places (send, drive, get, etc.) ... Dictionary of many expressions

I'll hide it there, where Makar did not drive the calves!- (threat.) Cf. Bureaucratic eloquence: Yes, you know, dear sir... yes, do you know that I will take you to places where Makar did not drive calves. Saltykov. Satires in prose. Grinding of teeth. Wed Resign! on trial! Where Makar calves do not ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

who sent where Makar did not drive calves Synonym dictionary

who sent where Makar did not drive calves- adj., number of synonyms: 5 sent (22) sent to places not so remote (5) ... Synonym dictionary

who sent where Makar did not drive calves- adj., number of synonyms: 10 who sent (25) drove for mozhai (18) rolled up ... Synonym dictionary

who sent where Makar did not drive calves- adj., number of synonyms: 5 who sent (22) who sent where Makar did not drive calves (5) ... Synonym dictionary

Razg. Express. Very far, to the most remote places (send, send, drive, etc.). - The police officer came to find out who wanted to stake the ground. Everyone said Ivan. And they took Ivan somewhere. - Where did they take Ivan? - Where Makar did not drive calves(Prishvin. Kashcheev's chain).

• - feeding them from the moment of birth until the end of the milk period, that is, when the calf is quite capable of feeding on its own ...

  Agricultural dictionary-reference book

• - From the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin. Jokingly: - self-ironic about the bygone youth, youth ...

  Dictionary of winged words and expressions

• - See FIGHT -...
• - See KARA -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - Thinking about what to do with your leisure time, what to find something to do ...

  Dictionary of folk phraseology

• thinking out loud about what to do...

  Live speech. Dictionary of colloquial expressions

• - Taken from the dirt and planted in riches. Wed "Not Makar to know the boyars." Wed ...What a thing! I will live in a palace, I will walk in gold, I will dress up in a red dress, Like cheese rolling in butter ...
• - Wed. Bureaucratic eloquence: Yes, you know, dear sir... yes, do you know that I will take you to places where Makar did not drive calves. Saltykov. Satires in prose. Grinding of teeth...

  Explanatory-phraseological dictionary of Michelson

• - Hitherto, Makar dug the ridges, and now Makar has become a governor. Taken from the dirt and planted in riches. Wed "Not Makar to know the boyars." Wed .....
• - I’ll hide it there, where Makar didn’t drive the calves! Wed Eloquent bureaucratic: Yes, you know, dear sir ... but do you know that I will take you where Makar did not drive calves. Saltykov. Satires in prose...

  Michelson Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary (original orph.)

• - See ROD -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - See HAPPINESS -...

  IN AND. Dal. Proverbs of the Russian people

• - Razg. Shuttle. Very far, far away. FSRYA, 235; BTS, 218, 478, 514...

  Big dictionary of Russian sayings

• - adj., number of synonyms: 10 who sent out, drove over the mozhai, rolled up, sent to places not so remote, sent into exile, sent for the 101st kilometer, sent where ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adj., number of synonyms: 5 exiled, sent to places not so remote, sent into exile, sent where Makar did not drive calves, exiled ...

  Synonym dictionary

• - adverb, number of synonyms: 10 God knows where far away, far beyond seven miles of jelly, slurp at distant lands to hell in the Turks to hell in the middle of nowhere to hell on the horns on Kudykina mountain ...

  Synonym dictionary

"Where Makar did not drive calves" in books

31. Where Makar did not drive calves