Recently, the “Russian theme”, actively used in the political plane, has become very relevant. The press and television are full of speeches on this subject, as a rule, muddy and contradictory. Who says that the Russian people does not exist at all, who considers only the Orthodox to be Russian, who includes in this concept all those who speak Russian, and so on. Meanwhile, science has already given a completely definite answer to this question.
The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Formally, these data are not classified, since they were obtained by American scientists outside the field of defense research, and even published in some places, but the conspiracy of silence organized around them is unprecedented. The nuclear project at its initial stage cannot even be compared, then something still leaked into the press, and in this case - nothing at all. What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo? This is the secret of the origin and historical path of the Russian people.
Why information is hidden, more on that later. First, briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists. There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half inherited from the father and half from the mother. Of the 23 chromosomes received from the father, one and only - the male Y-chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that has been passed from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set a haplogroup. Every man living now has exactly the same haplogroup in his DNA as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, and so on for many generations.
The haplogroup, due to its hereditary immutability, is the same for all people of the same biological origin, that is, for men of the same people. Each biologically distinctive people has its own haplogroup, which is different from similar sets of nucleotides in other peoples, which is its genetic marker, a kind of ethnic mark. In the biblical system of concepts, it can be imagined that the Lord God, when He divided humanity into different peoples, marked each of them with a unique set of nucleotides in the Y-chromosome of DNA. (Women also have such marks, only in a different coordinate system - in the mitochondrial DNA rings).
Of course, in nature there is nothing absolutely immutable, because motion is a form of existence of matter. Haplogroups also change - in biology such changes are called mutations - but very rarely, at intervals of millennia, and geneticists have learned to very accurately determine their time and place. So, American scientists found that one such mutation occurred four and a half thousand years ago on the Central Russian plain. A boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which they assigned the genetic classification R1a1. The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 arose.
The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which was initiated by this very boy, survived, unlike millions of other genera that disappeared when their genealogical lines were cut off, and bred over a vast area. Currently, the owners of the haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%. R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is "Russian" in terms of genetics.
Thus, the Russian people in a genetically modern form was born in the European part of present-day Russia about 4,500 years ago. The boy with the R1a1 mutation became the direct ancestor of all men living on earth today, in whose DNA this haplogroup is present. All of them are his biological or, as they said before, blood descendants and among themselves blood relatives, in the aggregate they make up a single people - the Russian.
Biology is an exact science. It does not allow ambiguous interpretations, and genetic conclusions to establish kinship are accepted even by the court. Therefore, a genetic and statistical analysis of the structure of the population, based on the determination of haplogroups in DNA, makes it much more reliable to trace the historical paths of peoples than ethnography, archeology, linguistics and other scientific disciplines dealing with these issues.
Indeed, the haplogroup in the Y-chromosome of DNA, unlike language, culture, religion and other creations of human hands, is not modified or assimilated. She's either one or the other. And if a certain haplogroup is present in a statistically significant number of indigenous people of any territory, it can be stated with absolute certainty that these people come from the original carriers of this haplogroup, who were once present in this territory.
From the investigative point of view, the inscription on the clay pot “Vasya was here”, of course, is evidence indicating Vasino’s presence at this place, but only indirectly - someone could joke and sign Vasya’s name, the pot could have been brought from another area, etc. d. But if Vasya's haplogroup is found in local men in their DNA, then this is already direct and irrefutable evidence that Vasya or his blood relatives in the male line really visited here and inherited - the hereditary biological sign is not washed off. Therefore, the genetic history is the main one, and everything else can only supplement or clarify it, but in no way refute it.
Realizing this, American geneticists, with the enthusiasm inherent in all emigrants in matters of origin, began to roam the world, take tests from people and look for biological "roots", their own and others. What they have achieved is of great interest to us, since it sheds true light on the historical paths of our Russian people and destroys many established myths.
So, having arisen 4500 years ago on the Central Russian plain (the place of the maximum concentration of R1a1 - an ethnic focus), the Russian people quickly multiplied and began to expand their habitat. 4000 years ago, our ancestors went to the Urals and created Arkaim and the "civilization of cities" there with many copper mines and international connections up to Crete (chemical analysis of some of the products found there shows that the copper is Ural). They then looked exactly the same as we do now, the ancient Rus did not have any Mongoloid and other non-Russian features. Scientists have recreated the appearance of a young woman from the “civilization of cities” from the bone remains - a typical Russian beauty has turned out, millions of the same live in our time in the Russian outback.
After another 500 years, three and a half thousand years ago, the haplogroup R1a1 appeared in India. The history of the arrival of Russians in India is known better than other vicissitudes of the territorial expansion of our ancestors thanks to the ancient Indian epic, in which its circumstances are described in sufficient detail. But there is other evidence of this epic, including archaeological and linguistic.
It is known that the ancient Rus were called Aryans at that time - this is how they are recorded in Indian texts. It is also known that it was not the local Indians who gave them this name, but that it was a self-name. Convincing evidence of this has been preserved in hydronymics and toponymy - the Ariyka River, the villages of Upper Ariy and Lower Ariy in the Perm region, in the very heart of the Ural civilization of cities, etc.
It is also known that the appearance on the territory of India of the Russian haplogroup R1a1 three and a half millennia ago (the time of the birth of the first Indo-Aryan calculated by geneticists) was accompanied by the death of a developed local civilization, which archaeologists called Harappan at the place of the first excavations. Before their disappearance, this people, who had cities populous at that time in the Indus and Ganges valleys, began to build defensive fortifications, which they had never done before. However, the fortifications, apparently, did not help, and the Harappan period of Indian history was replaced by the Aryan.
The first monument of the Indian epic, which speaks of the appearance of the Aryans, was written in writing four hundred years later, in the 11th century BC, and in the 3rd century BC, the ancient Indian literary language Sanskrit, surprisingly similar to the modern Russian language, was already completed.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the higher castes they are almost half - 47%, which indicates the active participation of the Aryans in the formation of the Indian aristocracy (the second half of the men of the higher castes are represented by local tribes, mainly Dravidian).
Unfortunately, information on the ethnogenetics of the population of Iran is not yet available, but the scientific community is unanimous in their opinion about the Aryan (that is, Russian) roots of the ancient Iranian civilization. The ancient name of Iran is Arian, and the Persian kings liked to emphasize their Aryan origin, which is eloquently evidenced, in particular, by their popular name Darius. This means that there were Russians there in ancient times.
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, where European countries are now located. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England the least - 3%.
Unfortunately, there is no ethnogenetic information on the European tribal aristocracy yet, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed over all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, in Iran, the Aryans were nobility in those lands where they came . The only reliable evidence in favor of the latest version was a side result of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II. The Y-chromosomes of the tsar and heir Alexei were identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family. And this means that at least one royal house in Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollerns, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.
However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) are in any case our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and the southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b). Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13 thousand years ago, at the end of the ice age, thousands of five years before the gathering began to develop into crop production, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in a very gray-haired Kamennovoe antiquity. And the Slavs by blood are even further away from us.
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European. These are almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India, and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for an obvious reason - in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they stand next to the original source, the Aryan parent language from which all other Indo-European languages grew.
The foregoing is irrefutable natural science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that.
The first such reason is quite trivial and comes down to scientific false solidarity. Too many theories, concepts and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not! Solid R1a1 and nothing else, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what it is customary to think about it, if the Mongols were present there, then in a statistically insignificant number, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
No one wants to spoil relations with colleagues and be branded as an extremist, destroying established myths. In academia, this happens all the time - if the facts don't match the theory, so much the worse for the facts.
The second reason, incomparably more weighty, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of constructive work. And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the very Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself. That Europeans owe a lot to Russians in their prosperous life, starting with the languages they speak. It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. And so on.
It is no coincidence that behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia.
Western politicians and ideologists have something to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of the historical circumstances discovered by geneticists. But they do not want to think and change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan theme.
However, the Lord is with them and with their ostrich policy. Much more important for us is that ethnogenetics brings something new to the Russian situation proper. In this regard, the main thing lies in the very statement of the existence of the Russian people as a biologically integral and genetically homogeneous entity. The main thesis of the Russophobic propaganda of the Bolsheviks and the current liberals lies precisely in the denial of this fact. The scientific community is dominated by the idea formulated by Lev Gumilyov in his theory of ethnogenesis: "the Great Russian nationality developed from a mixture of Alans, Ugrians, Slavs and Turks." The "national leader" repeats the commonplace "scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar." And so on.
Why do the enemies of the Russian nation need this? The answer is obvious. If the Russian people as such do not exist, but there is some kind of amorphous "mixture", then anyone can manage this "mixture" - even the Germans, even the African pygmies, even the Martians. The denial of the biological existence of the Russian people is the ideological justification for the dominance of the non-Russian "elite" in Russia, formerly Soviet, now liberal.
But here the Americans intervene with their genetics, and it turns out that there is no “mixture”, that the Russian people have existed unchanged for four and a half thousand years, that the Alans with the Turks and many others also live in Russia, but these are separate original peoples and etc. And the question immediately arises, why then have non-Russians ruled Russia for almost a century? Illogical and wrong, Russians should be run by Russians.
Similarly, the Czech Jan Hus, a professor at the University of Prague, reasoned six hundred years ago: "... Czechs in the Kingdom of Bohemia, by law and by nature's demand, should be the first in office, just like the French in France and the Germans in their lands." His statement was considered politically incorrect, intolerant, inciting ethnic hatred, and the professor was burned at the stake.
Now morals have softened, professors are not burned, but so that people would not be tempted to succumb to the Hussite logic, in Russia the non-Russian government simply “cancelled” the Russian people - a mixture, they say. And everything would be fine, but the Americans jumped out from somewhere with their analyzes and ruined the whole thing. There is nothing to cover them with, it remains only to hush up the scientific results, which is done to the hoarse sounds of an old and hackneyed Russophobic propaganda record.
The collapse of the myth about the Russian people as an ethnic "mixture" automatically destroys another myth - the myth of the "multinationality" of Russia. Until now, they tried to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from a Russian “mixture”, you won’t understand why, and many indigenous peoples and alien diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is allegedly "multinational".
But genetic studies paint a very different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there are no reasons not to believe them, they are authoritative scientists, trembling in reputation, and they have no reason to lie - in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians. According to the penultimate census (the results of the latter are not yet known), 80% of the respondents consider themselves Russians, that is, 10% more are Russified representatives of other peoples (it is in these 10%, if you "scrub" you will find non-Russian roots). And 20% falls on the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living on the territory of the Russian Federation. In summary, Russia is a mono-ethnic, albeit multi-ethnic, country with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. It is here that the logic of Jan Hus begins to work.
Next, about backwardness. Churchmen thoroughly had a hand in this myth - they say, before the baptism of Rus', people lived in it in complete savagery. Wow wildness! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the natives their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ ... The real story does not fit, does not fit in any way with its church version. There is in the Russian people something primordial, natural, which cannot be reduced to religious life.
Of course, one cannot put an equal sign between biology and the social sphere. There are undoubtedly points of contact between them, but science does not know how one passes into the other, how the material becomes ideal. In any case, it is obvious that under the same conditions, different peoples have a different character of life activity. In the north-east of Europe, in addition to Russians, many peoples lived and still live. But none of them created anything even remotely similar to the great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of Russian-Aryans in antiquity. Natural conditions are different everywhere, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something in common for all of them - they are great in terms of the historical scale of values and far exceed the achievements of their neighbors.
The father of dialectics, the ancient Greek Heraclitus, is known as the author of the saying "everything flows, everything changes." Less well known is the continuation of this phrase of his: "except the human soul." As long as a person is alive, his soul remains unchanged (what happens to it in the afterlife is not for us to judge). The same is true for a more complex form of organization of living matter than man - for the people. The people's soul is unchanged as long as the people's body is alive. The Russian folk body is marked by nature by a special sequence of nucleotides in the DNA that controls this body. This means that as long as people with the R1a1 haplogroup in the Y chromosome exist on earth, their people keep their soul unchanged.
The language evolves, culture develops, religious beliefs change, and the Russian soul remains the same as all four and a half millennia of the existence of the people in its current genetic form. And together, the body and soul, which make up a single biosocial entity under the name "Russian people", have a natural ability to great accomplishments of a civilizational scale. The Russian people have repeatedly demonstrated this in the past, this potential is preserved in the present and will always exist as long as the people are alive.
It is very important to know this and, through the prism of knowledge, evaluate current events, words and actions of people, determine one's own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called the “Russian nation”. Knowledge of the history of the people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the most terrible thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That is why they try to hide this knowledge. And we're trying to make it public.
Alexander Nikitin. Secretary of the CPS MANPADS "RUS"
American geneticists found out that four and a half thousand years ago, on the Central Russian plain, a boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which scientists assigned the genetic classification R1a1.
The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 arose.
The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which was initiated by this same boy, survived and bred over a vast area. Currently, the owners of the haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%.
R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is "Russian" in terms of genetics.
So, having arisen 4500 years ago on the Central Russian plain, the Russian people quickly multiplied and began to expand their habitat.
4000 years ago, our ancestors went to the Urals and created Arkaim and the "civilization of cities" there with many copper mines and international connections up to Crete (chemical analysis of some of the products found there shows that the copper is Ural).
They then looked exactly the same as we do now, the ancient Rus did not have any Mongoloid and other non-Russian features. Scientists have recreated the appearance of a young woman from the “civilization of cities” from the bone remains - a typical Russian beauty has turned out, millions of the same live in our time in the Russian outback.
After another 500 years, three and a half thousand years ago, the haplogroup R1a1 appeared in India. The history of the arrival of Russians in India is known better than other vicissitudes of the territorial expansion of our ancestors thanks to the ancient Indian epic, in which its circumstances are described in sufficient detail. But there is other evidence of this epic, including archaeological and linguistic.
According to a huge array of data accumulated by linguistics, a comparative analysis of languages, the ancient Rus, newcomers from the north to India and Iran, knew snow, cold, they are familiar with birch, ash, beech, wolves, bears, horses.
It is known that the ancient Rus were called Aryans at that time - this is how they are recorded in Indian texts. It is also known that it was not the local Indians who gave them this name, but that it was a self-name. Convincing evidence of this has been preserved in hydronymics and toponymy - the Ariyka River, the villages of Upper Ariy and Lower Ariy in the Perm region, in the very heart of the Ural civilization of cities, etc.
The first monument of the Indian epic, which speaks of the appearance of the Aryans, was written in writing four hundred years later, in the 11th century BC, and in the 3rd century BC, the ancient Indian literary language Sanskrit, surprisingly similar to the modern Russian language, was already completed.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the higher castes they are almost half - 47%, which indicates the active participation of the Aryans in the formation of the Indian aristocracy (the second half of the men of the higher castes are represented by local tribes, mainly Dravidian).
Unfortunately, information on the ethnogenetics of the population of Iran is not yet available, but the scientific community is unanimous in their opinion about the Aryan (that is, Russian) roots of the ancient Iranian civilization. The ancient name of Iran is Arian, and the Persian kings liked to emphasize their Aryan origin, which is eloquently evidenced, in particular, by their popular name Darius. This means that there were Russians there in ancient times.
Another wave of representatives of the genus R1a1 went south and reached the Arabian Peninsula, the Gulf of Oman, where Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates are now located. The local Arabs, having received the results of DNA testing, look with amazement at the test certificate with the haplotype and haplogroup R1a1.
And these certificates define the boundaries of the range of the campaigns of the ancient Aryans. The calculations below show that the times of these trips to Arabia are 4 thousand years ago.
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic home not only to the east, to the Urals, and to the south, to India and Iran, but also to the west, where European countries are now located.
In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England the least - 3%.
Unfortunately, there is no ethnogenetic information on the European tribal aristocracy yet, and therefore it is impossible to determine whether the share of ethnic Russians is evenly distributed over all social strata of the population or, as in India and, presumably, in Iran, the Aryans were nobility in those lands where they came .
The only reliable evidence in favor of the latest version was a side result of a genetic examination to establish the authenticity of the remains of the family of Nicholas II.
The Y-chromosomes of the tsar and heir Alexei were identical to samples taken from their relatives from the English royal family.
And this means that at least one royal house in Europe, namely the house of the German Hohenzollerns, of which the English Windsors are a branch, has Aryan roots.
However, Western Europeans (haplogroup R1b) are in any case our closest relatives, oddly enough, much closer than the northern Slavs (haplogroup N) and the southern Slavs (haplogroup I1b).
Our common ancestor with Western Europeans lived about 13 thousand years ago, at the end of the ice age, thousands of five years before the gathering began to develop into crop production, and hunting into cattle breeding. That is, in a very gray-haired Kamennovoe antiquity. And the Slavs by blood are even further away from us.
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north, and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group, Indo-European.
These are almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India, and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for an obvious reason - in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they stand next to the original source, the Aryan parent language from which all other Indo-European languages grew.
The foregoing is irrefutable natural science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test in a clinic. They are not disputed. They are simply hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that.
The first such reason is quite trivial and comes down to scientific false solidarity. Too many theories, concepts and scientific reputations will have to be refuted if they are revised in the light of the latest discoveries of ethnogenetics.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population.
But they are not! Solid R1a1 and nothing else, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what it is customary to think about it, if the Mongols were present there, then in a statistically insignificant number, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
No one wants to spoil relations with colleagues and be branded as an extremist, destroying established myths. In academia, this happens all the time - if the facts don't match the theory, so much the worse for the facts.
The second reason, incomparably more weighty, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians who had recently climbed down from the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of constructive work.
And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the very Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and in Europe itself. That Europeans owe a lot to Russians in their prosperous life, starting with the languages they speak.
It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon and then Hitler. And so on.
It is no coincidence that behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges.
Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia.
It is very important to know this and, through the prism of knowledge, evaluate current events, words and actions of people, determine one's own place in the history of the great biosocial phenomenon called the “Russian nation”.
Knowledge of the history of the people obliges a person to try to be at the level of the great achievements of his ancestors, and this is the most terrible thing for the enemies of the Russian nation. That is why they try to hide this knowledge. And we will try to make it publicly available.
"The genetic code of a Russian person" - Boris Karlov http://community.livejournal.com/ru_politics/34385021.html
Reviews
Thank you Sergey for a very interesting post.
Lydia Lubomirskaya has an equally interesting publication in her diary on stichera.
And it is interesting in that it describes in detail the resettlement of peoples by blood, the signs of which you use.
And all this was in the memory of our people and scientifically confirmed.
Scientists have recently come close to deciphering the human genetic code. In many ways, this made it possible to take a fresh look at the history of the Russian ethnos, which turned out to be more ancient and not as homogeneous as previously thought.
In the depths of centuries
The human genome is a variable thing. In the course of the evolution of mankind, its haplogroups have undergone mutations more than once. Today, scientists have already learned to determine the approximate time when this or that mutation arose. So, American geneticists found out that one of these mutations occurred about 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian plain. A boy was born who had a different set of nucleotides from his father - he was assigned the genetic classification R1a1, which arose instead of the paternal R1a.
This mutation, unlike many others, proved to be viable. The R1a1 genus not only survived, but also settled in a significant part of the Eurasian continent. Currently, approximately 70% of the male population of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine are carriers of the R1a1 haplogroup, and in old Russian cities this number reaches 80%. Thus, R1a1 serves as a kind of marker of the Russian ethnic group. It turns out that the blood of an ancient boy who lived in the late Neolithic era flows in the veins of most men in modern Russia.
Approximately 500 years after the birth of the R1a1 haplogroup, the migration flows of its representatives spread to the east - beyond the Urals, to the south - to Hindustan and to the west - to the territory of modern European countries. The fact that the inhabitants of the Central Russian plain went far beyond their original range is also confirmed by archaeologists. Analysis of the bone remains of burials in Altai of the 1st millennium BC. e. showed that in addition to the Mongoloids, pronounced Caucasians also lived there.
There is no Tatar
In one of the issues of the popular science publication The American Journal of Human Genetics, an article was published about the research by the Russian-Estonian team of scientists of the gene pool of the Russian people. The findings of the researchers were quite unexpected. First: the Russian ethnos is heterogeneous by its genetic nature. One part of the Russians living in the central and southern regions of the country is close to the neighboring Slavic peoples, the other part - in the north of Russia - is genetically closely related to the Finno-Ugric peoples.
The next conclusion is more interesting. Scientists have not been able to detect the notorious Asian element in the Russian genome. There is no Tatar-Mongolian set of genes in any noticeable amount in any of the Russian populations. It turns out that the stable expression "Scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar" is erroneous.
Professor Oleg Balanovsky, head of the laboratory of genomic geography at the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, considers the Russian gene pool “almost completely European”, and calls its differences from the Central Asian one “really great”, as if they are two different worlds.
Academician Konstantin Skryabin, head of the genomic direction at the Kurchatov Institute, agrees with Balanovsky. He says the following: "We did not find noticeable Tatar introductions in the Russian genome, which refutes theories about the destructive influence of the Mongol yoke." In addition, Siberians, according to the scientist, are genetically identical to the Old Believers - they have the same "Russian genome".
The researchers also draw attention to a slight difference in the genotype between the Russians on the one hand and the neighboring Slavic peoples - Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles - on the other. The difference between the southern and western Slavs from the inhabitants of the Russian North is more pronounced.
Special Markers
According to anthropologist Vasily Deryabin, the Russian genotype also has its own clear physiological markers. One of them is the predominance of light shades of eyes in Russians: gray, blue, gray-blue, blue. We have 45 percent of them, in Western Europe it is less - about 35 percent. Many among Russians and fair-haired. According to anthropologists, Russians with natural black hair color are no more than 5 percent. In Western Europe, the chance of meeting a black-haired one is 45%.
Contrary to popular belief, there are not so many snub-nosed people among Russians - about 7%, in about 75% of cases the nose is straight. Also, among Russians, epicanthus is not found - a fold typical of representatives of Mongoloid peoples at the inner corner of the eye.
The Russian ethnic group is characterized by the predominance of I and II blood groups, among Jews, for example, group IV is more common. Biochemical studies also showed that in the blood of Russians, as well as other European peoples, there is a special gene PH-c, but it is absent in the Mongoloids.
Northerners are closer
Research Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Anthropology. D.N. Anuchin Moscow State University conducted an in-depth study of the gene pool of the Russian people, during which a difference in the genotype between the Russians and our northern neighbors, the Finns, was established - it amounted to thirty conventional units. But the genetic differences between the Russian ethnic group and the Finno-Ugric peoples (Mordovians, Mari, Veps, Karelians, Komi-Zyryans, Izhors), who traditionally lived in the north of our country, correspond to only three units.
Scientists are talking not just about the genetic unity of Russians with the Finno-Ugric peoples, but about their common origin. Moreover, the specific structure of the Y-chromosomes of these ethnic groups is largely identical to the peoples of Hindustan. But this is not surprising, given the direction of the settlement of the genetic ancestors of the Russian people.
Before the advent of scientific methods for studying the racial variability of man, the degree of closeness of peoples to each other was judged "by ear" and "by eye". The proximity of languages and appearance (normal height, hair and eye color, nose shape, etc.) could indicate a common origin of peoples, but not always.
And about distant degrees of kinship, for example, of all Indo-European peoples, science thought of only at the beginning of the 19th century, with the creation of scientific linguistics. And, again, the language could be acquired by one or another people, in the process, for example, of migrations.
Physical anthropology, especially such a section as craniology, which studied the morphological variability of skulls, arose in the second half of the 19th century and made the first breakthrough in the study of the family ties of peoples. Craniology proceeds from the fact that the complex of correlations between several measurements of cranial parameters is hereditarily determined and indicates the relative proximity or distance between human populations.
What anthropologists have dug up
More than a century - from the 1860s to the 1980s - was the time of the undivided dominance of anthropology in identifying family ties between human populations and their most ancient migrations. In this way, science has achieved good results.
In 1939, just before the Second World War, the English anthropologist Stephen Kuhn published the work "The Races of Europe" (it was published in full in Russian only in 2010, when most of the material was outdated). He made an attempt to systematize and classify anthropological types based on the materials of numerous studies - his own and his predecessors - throughout Europe, as well as North Africa and Western Asia. He managed to cover a huge factual material.
In particular, Stephen Kuhn came to the conclusion that the integral anthropological indicators of Russians, Belarusians and Poles are closest to each other. At the same time, for each of these peoples, they differ more strongly from any other neighboring peoples, including Ukrainians. We're talking about averages here. Of course, in every people there is a wide range of individual variants, and within the limits of variability, almost all anthropological types of peoples overlap. Nevertheless, in every nation, a general anthropological type is found, in which the majority of its representatives fit.
The conclusion made by Kuhn was partly confirmed by the outstanding Russian anthropologist V.P. Alekseev in his fundamental study "The Origin of the Peoples of Eastern Europe" (1969). Noting the influence of the Finnish ethnic substrate on the appearance of the northern Russians, and the Lithuanian-Latvian (Baltic) one on the Belarusians, he nevertheless noted two new facts. The first is that the influence of this substrate in medieval Russian populations can be traced much more strongly than in modern ones. The second is worth quoting:
"Modern East Slavic peoples (especially Russians) are closer to the West Slavic medieval population than to the East Slavic."
What did the comparison of genes give
Until the end of the twentieth century, a certain contribution to the identification of the origin and kinship of peoples was made by the study of the prevalence of blood groups and the Rh factor, dermatoglyphics (the study of the pattern at the ends of the fingers), and statistical studies of eye and hair color. However, a real breakthrough began only with the advent in the 1980s of the ability to compare the types of Y-chromosome and mt-DNA.
With regard to the Russians, these studies revealed the following. The most widespread among Russians is the Y-chromosomal haplogroup R1a. It includes an average of 47% of Russians. Its frequency naturally decreases from south to north: from 55% in southern Russians to 34% in northern ones. Among other Slavic peoples, the highest prevalence of haplogroup R1a among Poles is 56%, followed by Ukrainians - 54%, Belarusians - 50%, Slovaks - 47%, Czechs - 38%, Slovenes - 37%, all others are noticeably lower. Among non-Slavic peoples, the highest frequency of haplogroup R1a is among Latvians (39%) and Lithuanians (34%). It can be conditionally called the "Slavic" Y-chromosome.
The male haplogroup R1b, widespread in Central Europe, is found in 7% of Russians. The haplogroup N1c is more common - 20%, reaching up to 35% among northern Russians. In the east of Finland, the carriers of this Y-chromosome are 71%. There are many of them among Latvians (44%) and Lithuanians (42%). It is obvious that the carriers of the haplogroup N1c on the Russian Plain were of Finnish origin.
Another haplogroup that is widespread among Russians is I2 (12%). Its carriers are most common among Croats - 39%, and the occurrence decreases along the Russian Plain from south to north. It most likely spread from the Balkans.
mtDNA data single out one widespread H cluster, to which up to half of Russians belong to various clades (mainly H7 and H1). Haplogroup H is also widespread throughout Europe. In general, according to mtDNA, as researchers now classify, Russians are included in the so-called “Slavic cluster” of the pan-European population. It includes all the peoples of the Slavic group, as well as, surprisingly, Hungarians and Estonians.
So who are we closer to?
If, according to the “female” haplogroups, the Russians show both great homogeneity and kinship with all Slavs, then the “male” haplogroups show different ways of forming the Russian people. The predominant kinship is found among the Russians in general with the Poles, Ukrainians and Belarusians. But in different regions, the degree of this relationship is different. Thus, southern Russians are especially close to both Ukrainians and Poles. But the northern Russians are as close to them as they are to the Finns.
The results obtained in the study of haplogroups were generally confirmed when elements of different geographical origin were identified in the integral genotype of peoples under the MDLP World-22 project. Their ratio among Russians is almost identical to that of the Poles, followed by Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Lithuanians in terms of the degree of remoteness. However, there are again notable differences across regions. Thus, the picture of the ratio of genetic components according to their geographical origin among the South Russian Cossacks almost exactly repeats that of the Ukrainians.
On the whole, generalizing and slightly simplifying, we can say that Ukrainians and Poles are closest to the Russians of the South of Russia, and Belarusians and Poles are closest to the Russians of the Center and North of the European part of Russia. At the same time, the northern Russians have another line of genetic kinship that brings them closer to the Finns, but not to the same extent as with the named Slavic peoples. At the same time, of course, different regional groups of Russians are closer to each other than to any other nationality. Of course, we are talking about averages, since the diversity of genotypes among any modern nation is very large.
Secret secret
The scientific data below is a terrible secret. Formally, these data are not classified, since they were obtained by American scientists outside the field of defense research, and even published in some places, but the conspiracy of silence organized around them is unprecedented.
What is this terrible secret, the mention of which is a worldwide taboo? This is the secret of the origin and historical path of the Russian people.
Agnation.
Why information is hidden - more on that later. First - briefly about the essence of the discovery of American geneticists.
There are 46 chromosomes in human DNA, half inherited from the father and half from the mother. Of the 23 chromosomes received from the father, the only one - the male Y chromosome - contains a set of nucleotides that has been passed from generation to generation without any changes for thousands of years. Geneticists call this set a haplogroup. Every man living now has exactly the same haplogroup in his DNA as his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, great-great-grandfather, etc. in many generations.
So, American scientists found that one such mutation occurred 4,500 years ago on the Central Russian Plain. A boy was born with a slightly different haplogroup than his father, to which they assigned the genetic classification R1a1. The paternal R1a mutated and a new R1a1 arose.
The mutation turned out to be very viable. The genus R1a1, which was initiated by this very boy, survived, unlike millions of other genera that disappeared when their genealogical lines were cut off, and bred over a vast area. Currently, the owners of the haplogroup R1a1 make up 70% of the total male population of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and in ancient Russian cities and villages - up to 80%. R1a1 is a biological marker of the Russian ethnic group. This set of nucleotides is "Russian" in terms of genetics.
Thus, the Russian people in a genetically modern form was born in the European part of present-day Russia about 4,500 years ago. The boy with the R1a1 mutation became the direct ancestor of all men living on earth today, in whose DNA this haplogroup is present. All of them are his biological or, as they used to say, blood descendants and among themselves - blood relatives, together making up a single people - Russian.
Realizing this, American geneticists, with the enthusiasm inherent in all emigrants in matters of origin, began to roam the world, take tests from people and look for biological "roots", their own and others. What they have achieved is of great interest to us, since it sheds true light on the historical paths of our Russian people and destroys many established myths.
Now men of the Russian genus R1a1 make up 16% of the total male population of India, and in the higher castes they are almost half - 47%
Our ancestors migrated from the ethnic focus not only to the east (to the Urals) and to the south (to India and Iran), but also to the west - to where European countries are now located. In the western direction, geneticists have complete statistics: in Poland, the owners of the Russian (Aryan) haplogroup R1a1 make up 57% of the male population, in Latvia, Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia - 40%, in Germany, Norway and Sweden - 18%, in Bulgaria - 12 %, and in England - the least (3%).
The settlement of Russian-Aryans to the east, south and west (there was simply nowhere to go further north; and so, according to the Indian Vedas, before coming to India they lived near the Arctic Circle) became the biological prerequisite for the formation of a special language group - Indo-European. These are almost all European languages, some languages of modern Iran and India, and, of course, the Russian language and ancient Sanskrit, which are closest to each other for an obvious reason: in time (Sanskrit) and in space (Russian) they stand next to the original source - Aryan the parent language from which all other Indo-European languages \u200b\u200bhave grown.
“It is impossible to dispute. You need to shut up"
The foregoing is irrefutable natural-science facts, moreover, obtained by independent American scientists. Challenging them is like disagreeing with the results of a blood test at a polyclinic. They are not disputed. They are simply hushed up. They are hushing up together and stubbornly, they are hushing up, one might say, totally. And there are reasons for that.
For example, we will have to rethink everything that is known about the Tatar-Mongol invasion of Rus'. The armed conquest of peoples and lands was always and everywhere accompanied at that time by the mass rape of local women. Traces in the form of Mongolian and Turkic haplogroups should have remained in the blood of the male part of the Russian population. But they are not! Solid R1a1 - and nothing else, the purity of the blood is amazing. This means that the Horde that came to Rus' was not at all what it is customary to think about it: if the Mongols were present there, then in statistically insignificant numbers, and who was called "Tatars" is not at all clear. Well, which of the scientists will refute the scientific foundations, supported by mountains of literature and great authorities?!
The second reason, incomparably more weighty, relates to the sphere of geopolitics. The history of human civilization appears in a new and completely unexpected light, and this cannot but have serious political consequences.
Throughout modern history, the pillars of European scientific and political thought proceeded from the idea of Russians as barbarians, recently off the Christmas trees, backward by nature and incapable of creative work. And suddenly it turns out that the Russians are the very Aryans who had a decisive influence on the formation of great civilizations in India, Iran and Europe itself! That Europeans owe a lot to Russians in their prosperous life, starting with the languages they speak. It is no coincidence that in recent history, a third of the most important discoveries and inventions belong to ethnic Russians in Russia itself and abroad. It is no coincidence that the Russian people were able to repel the invasions of the united forces of continental Europe led by Napoleon, and then by Hitler. Etc.
Great historical tradition.
It is no coincidence, because behind all this there is a great historical tradition, thoroughly forgotten over many centuries, but remaining in the collective subconscious of the Russian people and manifesting itself whenever the nation faces new challenges. Manifested with iron inevitability due to the fact that it has grown on a material, biological basis in the form of Russian blood, which has remained unchanged for four and a half millennia.
Western politicians and ideologists have something to think about in order to make their policy towards Russia more adequate in the light of the historical circumstances discovered by geneticists. But they do not want to think and change anything, hence the conspiracy of silence around the Russian-Aryan theme.
The collapse of the myth of the Russian people.
The collapse of the myth about the Russian people as an ethnic mixture automatically destroys another myth - the myth of Russia's multinationality. Until now, attempts have been made to present the ethno-demographic structure of our country as a vinaigrette from a Russian “you can’t understand what mixture” and many indigenous peoples and alien diasporas. With such a structure, all its components are approximately equal in size, so Russia is allegedly "multinational".
But genetic studies paint a very different picture. If you believe the Americans (and there is no reason not to believe them: they are authoritative scientists, they value their reputation, and they have no reason to lie - in such a pro-Russian way), then it turns out that 70% of the entire male population of Russia are purebred Russians. According to the data of the penultimate census (the results of the latter are not yet known), 80% of the respondents identify themselves as Russians; 10% more are Russified representatives of other peoples (it is in these 10% that if you “scratch” you will find non-Russian roots). And 20% falls on the remaining 170-odd peoples, nationalities and tribes living on the territory of the Russian Federation. In summary: Russia is a mono-ethnic, albeit multi-ethnic, country with an overwhelming demographic majority of natural Russians. It is here that the logic of Jan Hus begins to work.
About backwardness.
Next - about backwardness. The clergy thoroughly had a hand in this myth: they say that before the baptism of Rus', people lived in it in complete savagery. Wow "wildness"! They mastered half the world, built great civilizations, taught the natives their language, and all this long before the birth of Christ ... The real story does not fit, does not fit in any way with its church version. There is in the Russian people something primordial, natural, which cannot be reduced to religious life.
In the north-east of Europe, in addition to the Russians, many peoples lived and still live, but none of them created anything even remotely similar to the great Russian civilization. The same applies to other places of civilizational activity of Russian-Aryans in antiquity. Natural conditions are different everywhere, and the ethnic environment is different, therefore the civilizations built by our ancestors are not the same, but there is something in common for all of them: they are great in terms of the historical scale of values and far exceed the achievements of their neighbors.
