"Hero of our time". Briefly

M. Yu. Lermontov worked on the novel "A Hero of Our Time" in 1838-1840. The idea to write a novel was born during the writer's exile in the Caucasus in 1838. The first parts of the novel were published within one year in the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski. They aroused the interest of readers. Lermontov, seeing the popularity of these works, combined them into one big novel.

In the title, the author sought to justify the relevance of his creation for his contemporaries. The 1841 edition also included a foreword by the writer in connection with the questions that arose from readers. We bring to your attention a summary of the “Hero of Our Time” chapter by chapter.

Main characters

Pechorin Grigory Alexandrovich- the central character of the whole story, an officer of the tsarist army, a sensitive and sublime nature, but selfish. Handsome, superbly built, charming and smart. He is burdened by his arrogance and individualism, but does not want to overcome either one or the other.

Bela- the daughter of a Circassian prince. Treacherously kidnapped by her brother Azamat, she becomes Pechorin's lover. Bela is beautiful and smart, pure and straightforward. Dies from the dagger of the Circassian Kazbich, who is in love with her.

Mary(Princess Ligovskaya) is a noble girl whom Pechorin met by chance and did his best to make her fall in love with him. Educated and smart, proud and generous. The break with Pechorin becomes for her the deepest tragedy.

Maksim Maksimych- officer of the tsarist army (with the rank of staff captain). A kind and honest man, Pechorin's boss and close friend, an unwitting witness to his love affairs and life collisions.

Narrator- a passing officer who became a casual acquaintance of Maxim Maksimovich and listened to and wrote down his story about Pechorin.

Other characters

Azamat- Circassian prince, unbalanced and greedy young man, Bela's brother.

Kazbich- a young Circassian who is in love with Bela and becomes her killer.

Grushnitsky- a young cadet, a man proud and unrestrained. Rival Pechorin, killed by him in a duel.

Faith- Pechorin's former lover, appears in the novel as a reminder of his past in St. Petersburg.

Undine- a nameless smuggler who struck Pechorin with her appearance (“undine” is one of the names of mermaids, the reader will never know the real name of the girl).

Janko- smuggler, friend of Ondine.

Werner- a doctor, an intelligent and educated person, an acquaintance of Pechorin.

Vulich- an officer, a Serb by nationality, a young and gambling man, an acquaintance of Pechorin.

Foreword

In the preface, the author addresses the readers. He says that the readers were amazed at the negative features of the protagonist of his work and reproach the author for this. However, Lermontov points out that his hero is the embodiment of the vices of his time, so he is modern. The author also believes that it is impossible to feed readers with sweet stories and fairy tales all the time, they must see and understand life as it is.

The action of the work takes place in the Caucasus at the beginning of the 19th century. Partly in this territory of the Russian Empire, military operations are being conducted against the highlanders.

Part one

I. Bela

This part begins with the fact that the narrator-officer meets, on the way to the Caucasus, an elderly staff captain Maxim Maksimych, who makes a positive impression on him. The narrator and the staff captain become friends. Once in a snowstorm, the heroes begin to remember the events of their lives, and the staff captain talks about a young officer whom he knew about four and a half years ago.

This officer's name was Grigory Pechorin. He was handsome, handsome and smart. However, he had a strange character: either he complained about nothing, like a girl, or he fearlessly rode a horse over the rocks. Maxim Maksimych at that time was the commandant of a military fortress, in which this mysterious young officer served under his command.

Soon, the sensitive captain noticed that his new subordinate began to yearn in the wilderness. Being a kind person, he decided to help his officer unwind. At that time, he was just invited to the wedding of the eldest daughter of the Circassian prince, who lived not far from the fortress and sought to establish good relations with the royal officers.

At the wedding, Pechorin liked the youngest daughter of the prince - the beautiful and graceful Bela.

Fleeing from the stuffiness in the room, Maxim Maksimych went out into the street and became an involuntary witness to the conversation that took place between Kazbich - a Circassian with the appearance of a robber - and Bela's brother Azamat. The latter offered Kazbich any price for his magnificent horse, proving that for the horse he was even ready to steal his sister for him. Azamat knew that Kazbich was not indifferent to Bela, but the proud Circassian Kazbich only brushed off the annoying young man.

Maxim Maksimych, after listening to this conversation, inadvertently retold it to Pechorin, not knowing what his young colleague was up to.

It turned out that Pechorin later offered Azamat to steal Bela for him, promising in return that Kazbich's horse would become his.

Azamat complied with the agreement and took the beautiful sister to the fortress to Pechorin. When Kazbich drove the sheep to the fortress, Pechorin distracted him, and Azamat at that time stole his faithful horse Karagez. Kazbich vowed to take revenge on the offender.

Later, news came to the fortress that Kazbich had killed the Circassian prince, the father of Bela and Azamat, suspecting him of complicity in the kidnapping of his horse.

Meanwhile, Bela began to live in a fortress near Pechorin. He treated her with unusual care, not offending her in word or deed. Pechorin hired a Circassian woman, who began to serve Bela. Pechorin himself won the heart of a proud beauty with affection and pleasant manners. The girl fell in love with her kidnapper. However, having achieved the location of the beauty, Pechorin lost interest in her. Bela felt a chill from her lover and became very weary of it.

Maxim Maksimych, having fallen in love with the girl as if he were his own daughter, tried with all his might to console her. Once, when Pechorin left the fortress, the staff captain invited Bela to take a walk with him outside the walls. From afar they saw Kazbich riding Bela's father's horse. The girl was afraid for her life.

Some more time passed. Pechorin communicated with Bela less and less, she began to yearn. One day, Maxim Maksimych and Pechorin were not in the fortress, when they returned, they noticed from afar the horse of the prince and Kazbich in the saddle, who was carrying some kind of bag on it. When the officers chased after Kazbich, the Circassian opened the bag and raised a dagger over it. It became clear that he was holding Bela in the bag. Kazbich abandoned his prey and galloped away swiftly.

The officers drove up to the mortally wounded girl, carefully lifted her and took her to the fortress. Bela was able to live two more days. In delirium, she recalled Pechorin, spoke of her love for him and regretted that she and Grigory Alexandrovich were in different faiths, therefore, in her opinion, they would not be able to meet in paradise.

When Bela was buried, Maxim Maksimych no longer talked about her with Pechorin. Then the elderly staff captain came to the conclusion that Bela's death was the best way out of this situation. After all, Pechorin would eventually leave her, and she would not be able to survive such a betrayal.

After serving in the fortress under the command of Maxim Maksimych, Pechorin left to continue it in Georgia. He did not give any news about himself.

That was the end of the captain's story.

II. Maksim Maksimych

The narrator and Maxim Maksimych parted, each went about his own business, but soon they unexpectedly met again. Maxim Maksimych said with excitement that he had again met Pechorin quite unexpectedly. He learned that he had now retired and decided to go to Persia. The elderly staff captain wanted to talk with an old friend whom he had not seen for about five years, but Pechorin did not at all strive for such communication, which greatly offended the old officer.

Maxim Maksimych could not sleep all night, but in the morning he again decided to talk to Pechorin. But he showed coldness and ostentatious indifference. The captain was very sad.

The narrator, having seen Pechorin in person, decided to convey to the readers his impressions of his appearance and demeanor. He was a man of medium height with a handsome and expressive face, which women always liked. He knew how to stay in society and to speak. Pechorin dressed well and without challenge, his suit emphasized the slenderness of his body. However, in all his appearance, his eyes were striking, which looked at the interlocutor coldly, heavily and penetratingly. Pechorin practically did not use gestures in communication, which was a sign of secrecy and distrust.

He left quickly, leaving only vivid memories of himself.

The narrator informed the readers that Maxim Maksimych, seeing his interest in Pechorin's personality, gave him his journal, that is, the diary. For some time the diary lay idle with the narrator, but after the death of Pechorin (and he died suddenly at the age of twenty-eight: having unexpectedly fallen ill on the way to Persia), the narrator decided to publish some of its parts.
The narrator, addressing the readers, asked them for indulgence to the personality of Pechorin, because he, despite his vices, was at least sincere in describing them in detail.

Pechorin's Journal

I. Taman

In this part, Pechorin talked about a funny, in his opinion, adventure that happened to him on Taman.

Arriving at this little-known place, he, by virtue of his inherent suspicion and insight, realized that the blind boy, with whom he stayed for the night, was hiding something from those around him. Following him, he saw that the blind man was meeting with a beautiful girl, whom Pechorin himself calls Undina ("mermaid"). The girl and the boy were waiting for the man they called Janko. Janko soon appeared with some bags.

The next morning, Pechorin, spurred on by curiosity, tried to find out from the blind man what kind of bundles his strange friend had brought. The blind boy was silent, pretending not to understand his guest. Pechorin met with Ondine, who tried to flirt with him. Pechorin pretended to succumb to her charms.

In the evening, together with a familiar Cossack, he went on a date with a girl to the pier, ordering the Cossack to be on the alert and, if something unforeseen happens, to rush to his aid.

Together with Undina, Pechorin got into the boat. However, their romantic journey was soon cut short by the fact that the girl tried to push her companion into the water, despite the fact that Pechorin could not swim. Ondine's motives are understandable. She guessed that Pechorin understood what Yanko, the blind boy and she were doing, and therefore he could inform the police about the smugglers. However, Pechorin managed to defeat the girl and throw her into the water. Undine knew how to swim well enough, she threw herself into the water and swam towards Yanko. He took her aboard his boat, and soon they disappeared into the darkness.

Returning after such a dangerous voyage, Pechorin realized that the blind boy had stolen his things. The adventures of the past day entertained the bored hero, but he was unpleasantly annoyed that he might have died in the waves.

In the morning the hero left Taman forever.

Part two

(end of Pechorin's journal)

II. Princess Mary

Pechorin spoke in his journal about life in the city of Pyatigorsk. Provincial society bored him. The hero was looking for entertainment and found them.

He met the young cadet Grushnitsky, an ardent and ardent young man in love with the beautiful Princess Mary Ligovskaya. Pechorin was amused by the feeling of the young man. In the presence of Grushnitsky, he began to talk about Mary as if she were not a girl, but a racehorse with its own advantages and disadvantages.

At first, Pechorin irritated Mary. At the same time, the hero liked to anger the young beauty: either he tried to be the first to buy an expensive carpet that the princess wanted to buy, or he expressed malicious hints at her. Pechorin proved to Grushnitsky that Mary belongs to the breed of those women who will flirt with everyone in a row, and marry a worthless person, at the behest of their mother.

Meanwhile, Pechorin met in the city with Werner, a local doctor, an intelligent but bilious man. The most ridiculous rumors circulated around him in the city: someone even considered him a local Mephistopheles. Werner liked such exotic fame, and he supported it with all his might. Being a perceptive person, the doctor foresaw the future drama that could happen between Pechorin, Mary and the young cadet Grushnitsky. However, he did not expand much on this topic.

Events, meanwhile, went on as usual, adding new touches to the portrait of the protagonist. A secular lady and a relative of Princess Mary, Vera, arrived in Pyatigorsk. Readers learned that Pechorin was once passionately in love with this woman. She also kept in her heart a bright feeling for Grigory Alexandrovich. Vera and Gregory met. And here we already saw another Pechorin: not a cold and evil cynic, but a man of great passions, who has not forgotten anything and feels suffering and pain. After meeting with Vera, who, being a married woman, could not connect with the hero in love with her, Pechorin jumped into the saddle. He galloped over mountains and dales, exhausting his horse greatly.

On an exhausted horse, Pechorin accidentally met Mary and frightened her.

Soon Grushnitsky, with an ardent feeling, began to prove to Pechorin that, after all his antics, he would never be received at the princess's house. Pechorin argued with his friend, proving the opposite.
Pechorin went to the ball to Princess Ligovskaya. Here he began to behave unusually courteously towards Mary: he danced with her like a fine gentleman, protected her from a tipsy officer, helped to cope with a swoon. Mary's mother began to look at Pechorin with different eyes and invited him to her house as a close friend.

Pechorin began to visit the Ligovskys. He became interested in Mary as a woman, but the hero was still attracted to Vera. On one of the rare dates, Vera told Pechorin that she was mortally ill with consumption, so she asks him to spare her reputation. Vera also added that she always understood the soul of Grigory Alexandrovich and accepted him with all his vices.

Pechorin, however, became close to Mary. The girl confessed to him that she was bored with all the fans, including Grushnitsky. Pechorin, using his charm, from nothing to do, made the princess fall in love with him. He couldn’t even explain to himself why he needed it: either to have fun, or to annoy Grushnitsky, or maybe show Vera that someone needed him too and, thereby, call her jealousy.

Gregory succeeded in what he wanted: Mary fell in love with him, but at first she hid her feelings.

Meanwhile, Vera began to worry about this novel. On a secret date, she asked Pechorin never to marry Mary and promised him a night meeting in return.

Pechorin, on the other hand, began to get bored in the company of both Mary and Vera. He was also tired of Grushnitsky with his passion and boyishness. Pechorin deliberately began to behave provocatively in public, which caused tears from Mary, who was in love with him. To people, he seemed immoral madman. However, the young princess Ligovskaya understood that by doing so he only bewitched her more.

Grushnitsky began to get seriously jealous. He understood that Mary's heart was given to Pechorin. The same was amused by the fact that Grushnitsky stopped greeting him and began to turn away when he appeared.

The whole city was already talking about the fact that Pechorin would soon propose to Mary. The old princess - the girl's mother - from day to day was waiting for matchmakers from Grigory Alexandrovich. But he did not seek to make proposals to Mary, but wanted to wait until the girl herself confesses her love to him. On one of the walks, Pechorin kissed the princess on the cheek, wanting to see her reaction. The next day, Mary confessed her love to Pechorin, but in response he coldly remarked that he did not feel love for her.

Mary felt deeply humiliated by the words of her beloved. She was waiting for anything but this. The heroine realized that Pechorin laughed at her out of boredom. She compared herself to a flower that an evil passer-by plucked and tossed on a dusty road.

Pechorin, describing in his diary the scene of the explanation with Mary, reasoned about why he acted so low. He wrote that he did not want to marry because a fortuneteller once told his mother that her son would die from an evil wife. In his notes, the hero noticed that he values ​​​​his own freedom above all else, is afraid to be noble and seem ridiculous to others. And he simply believes that he is not capable of bringing happiness to anyone.

A famous magician has come to town. Everyone rushed to his performance. Only Vera and Mary were absent. Pechorin, driven by a passion for Vera, late in the evening went to the Ligovskys' house, where she lived. In the window, he saw the silhouette of Mary. Grushnitsky tracked down Pechorin, believing that he had an appointment with Mary. Despite the fact that Pechorin managed to return to his house, Grushnitsky is full of resentment and jealousy. He challenged Grigory Alexandrovich to a duel. Werner and a dragoon unfamiliar to Pechorin acted as seconds.

Before the duel, Pechorin could not calm down for a long time, he thought about his life and realized that he brought good to few people. Fate has prepared for him the role of the executioner for many people. He killed someone with his word, and someone with his deed. He loved only himself with an insatiable love. He was looking for a person who could understand him and forgive him everything, but not a single woman, not a single man could do this.

And so he was challenged to a duel. Perhaps his opponent will kill him. What will remain after him in this life? Nothing. Just empty memories.

The next morning, Werther tried to reconcile Pechorin and his opponent. However, Grushnitsky was adamant. Pechorin wanted to show generosity to his opponent, hoping for his reciprocity. But Grushnitsky was angry and offended. As a result of the duel, Pechorin killed Grushnitsky. To hide the fact of the duel, the seconds and Pechorin testified that the young officer was killed by the Circassians.

However, Vera realized that Grushnitsky died in a duel. She confessed to her husband her feelings for Pechorin. He took her out of the city. In an attempt to catch up with Vera, he drove his horse to death.

Returning to the city, he learned that rumors of a duel had leaked into society, so he was assigned a new duty station. He went to say goodbye to Mary and her mother's house. The old princess offered him the hand and heart of her daughter, but Pechorin rejected her proposal.

Left alone with Mary, he humiliated the pride of this girl in such a way that he himself became unpleasant.

III. Fatalist

In the final part of the novel, it is told that Pechorin ended up in the village of Cossacks on business. One evening there was a dispute among the officers as to whether there is a fatal confluence of circumstances in a person's life. Is a person free to choose his own life or is his fate “predetermined from above”?

During a heated argument, the Serbian Vulich took the floor. He stated that, according to his convictions, he is a fatalist, that is, a person who believes in fate. Therefore, he was of the opinion that if it was not given to him to die from above tonight, then death would not take him away, no matter how much he himself strived for it.

To prove his words, Vulich offered a bet: he would shoot himself in the temple, if he was right, he would remain alive, and if he was wrong, he would die.

No one in the audience wanted to agree to such strange and terrible terms of the bet. Only Pechorin agreed.

Looking into the eyes of his interlocutor, Pechorin firmly said that he would die today. Then Vulich took a pistol and shot himself in the temple. The gun misfired. Then he fired a second shot to the side. The shot was combat.

Everyone started talking loudly about what had happened. But Pechorin insisted that Vulich would die today. Nobody understood his persistence. Frustrated, Vulich left the meeting.

Pechorin went home through the lanes. He saw a pig, cut in half with a sword, lying on the ground. Eyewitnesses told him that one of their Cossacks, who loves to take a bottle, is “strange” in this way.
In the morning Pechorin was awakened by the officers and told him that Vulich had been hacked to death at night by this very drunken Cossack. Pechorin felt uneasy, but he also wanted to try his luck. Together with other officers, he went to catch the Cossack.

Meanwhile, the Cossack, having sobered up and realizing what he had done, was not going to surrender to the mercy of the officers. He locked himself in his hut and threatens to kill anyone who gets there. Taking a mortal risk, Pechorin volunteered to punish the brawler. He climbed through the window into his hut, but remained alive. The officers came to the rescue and tied up the Cossack.

After such an incident, Pechorin was to become a fatalist. However, he did not rush to conclusions, believing that everything in life is not as simple as it seems from the outside.

And the kindest Maxim Maksimych, to whom he retold this story, noticed that pistols often misfire, and what is written for someone will be. The elderly staff captain also did not want to become a fatalist.

This is where the novel ends. When reading a brief retelling of A Hero of Our Time, do not forget that the work itself is much more interesting than the story of its main episodes. Therefore, read this famous work by M. Yu. Lermontov and enjoy what you read!

Conclusion

Lermontov's work "A Hero of Our Time" has remained relevant for readers for almost two hundred years. And this is not surprising, because the work touches upon the most important life problems of human existence on earth: love, the destiny of the individual, fate, passion and faith in higher powers. This work will not leave anyone indifferent, which is why it is included in the treasury of classical works of Russian literature.

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Sections: Literature

And we hate, and we love by chance,
Sacrificing nothing to either malice or love,
And some kind of secret cold reigns in the soul,
When the fire boils in the blood.

M. Lermontov.

During the classes

1. Statement of the educational problem.

How do you understand the meaning of the title of the work of M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"? "Our time" - whose is it?

- “A Hero of Our Time” is the first “personal” (according to the terminology adopted in French literature) or “analytical” novel in Russian prose: its ideological and plot center is not an external biography (life and adventures), but namely the personality of a person - his spiritual and mental life. And the soul in the Christian sense is immortal, it is timeless.

Pechorin is a person who embodied the characteristic features of the public consciousness of people of the 30s: the intensity of moral and philosophical searches, exceptional willpower, analytical mind, outstanding human abilities.

What task did Lermontov set for himself when he wrote "A Hero of Our Time"?

(The novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of a person, his soul. Lermontov himself said this in the “Preface” to Pechorin’s Journal: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more interesting and not more useful than the history of a whole people , especially when it is a consequence of the observation of a mature mind over itself ...”)

The topic of our lesson: "The History of the Human Soul" in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time".

• Did Pechorin pass the test of danger?
• Is the hero capable of true love?
• What is the life philosophy of our hero?

We will try to answer these and other questions today in the lesson.

We have repeatedly noted the unusual composition. What is she in?

(All elements of the composition of Lermontov's novel are strictly subordinated to the main ideological and artistic task that the author set himself: to write a "history of the human soul", to write a socio-psychological novel. In the center of the composition is the main character of the novel, Pechorin, whom the author calls - not without a bitter irony - "the hero of our time". All other characters, representing both artistic and historical and cognitive value, at the same time explain the personality of the protagonist in one way or another. The reader involuntarily compares him with these people and, comparing everything in a new way evaluates it and comprehends it more and more deeply.)

Did Lermontov accidentally abandon the chronological principle in the arrangement of the stories included in the novel, from the order of their initial publication?

(Belinsky wrote: “Parts of this novel are arranged in accordance with internal necessity.” And then he explained: “Despite its episodic fragmentation, it cannot be read in the order in which the author himself arranged it: otherwise you will read two excellent stories and several excellent stories, but you won't know the novel.")

What is the reason for the change of narrators?

(There are three narrators in the novel: Maxim Maksimych, a wandering officer and Pechorin himself. Yu.M. Lotman writes: “Thus, Pechorin’s character is revealed to the reader gradually, as if reflected in many mirrors, and not one of the reflections, taken separately, gives only the totality of these arguing voices creates a complex and contradictory character of the hero.")

2. Consideration of the image of the narrator from the point of view of Maxim Maksimych. The author puts the hero to the test of love.

Consider the point of view of the first narrator - Maxim Maksimych. What surprises him in the character of the hero?

(“He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you; only a little strange ...”)

How do you explain the meaning of the word "weird"?

(With this stingy definition of “strange” in the mouth of his closest comrade Pechorin, Lermontov shows how difficult the character of the hero was to understand, so the writer refuses to characterize him directly. The hero has a strong personality, he is endowed with charm, but there is something in him that is alarming reader. He is both strong and weak, hardened and pampered. He is able to fight for his love - and he quickly cools down, he does not know how to love for a long time. For a hobby, he quickly comes to cooling and a feeling of heart emptiness. He misses too often. When Bela dies, Pechorin is beside himself, and after burying her, suddenly laughs. And then he falls ill for a long time.)

Reading Pechorin's confession in the story "Bela", what character traits of this hero can you highlight?

(Determination, a deep mind, indomitable energy, the search for the use of one's strength, courage are the hallmarks of Pechorin.)

Why, having fallen in love with Bela, does he not find peace of mind?

(“I was mistaken again: the love of a savage woman is little better than the love of a noble lady: ignorance and vernacular of one are just as annoying as the coquetry of another ...” In this love, Lermontov for the first time reveals the duality of his hero, expressing it in one remark: “I will give for her ( Bel) life - only I'm bored with it.” Childish rejection of boredom and a mature readiness to part with life confuses the reader.

Belinsky wrote: “A strong need for love is often mistaken for love itself, if an object is presented to which it can aspire; obstacles turn it into passion, and satisfaction destroys it. Bela's love was for Pechorin a full glass of sweet drink, which he drank at once, leaving not a drop in it; and his soul demanded not a glass, but an ocean from which one could draw every minute without diminishing it…”).

What does he see as the cause of his inner emptiness?

(“… my soul is corrupted by the light…”)

The reader finishes reading the first chapter and cannot say anything definite about the hero. But many questions arise.

3. Consideration of the character of the hero in the story "Princess Mary".

We know that love trials don't stop there. Let's break the sequence of presentation, let's turn to the story "Princess Mary". Why do you think the hero so stubbornly seeks the love of a young girl, Princess Mary, whom he will never marry?

(Pechorin cannot always understand his feelings. “But there is immense pleasure in the possession of a young, barely blossoming soul! She is like a flower, whose best aroma evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; it must be picked at this moment and, after breathing it to its fullest, throw on the road: maybe someone will pick it up! I feel in myself this insatiable greed, absorbing everything that is on the way; I look at the suffering and joys of others only in relation to myself, as food that supports my spiritual strength. "It can be noted consumer attitude of the hero towards a woman, his selfishness, even cruelty.Pechorin does not take into account the simple truths that you need to think about other people, you can’t bring them suffering.After all, if everyone starts to violate moral laws, any cruelty will be possible.Pechorin loves himself too much to give up the pleasure of torturing others.)

But is his soul so callous? Is he not capable of appreciating the beauty of nature?

(“It’s fun to live in such a land! Some kind of pleasurable feeling is poured into all my veins. The air is clean and fresh, like a child’s kiss; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what could be more, it seems? Why are there passions, desires, regrets ?. ."

A person who sees the harmony of nature cannot be soulless. Pechorin feels the beauty of nature, knows how to talk about it in the language of an artist. Thus, the hero is revealed to readers as a talented person.)

Do you think Pechorin is capable of love?

(“A long-forgotten thrill ran through my veins ...” “His heart sank ...” Pechorin’s feeling for Vera is exceptionally strong, sincere. This is the true love of his life. But he also doesn’t sacrifice anything for Vera, as well as for other women. On the contrary , kindles jealousy in her, dragging after Mary. The difference we see is that in his love for Vera, he not only saturates his passionate need of the heart for love, not only takes, but also gives part of himself. In particular, this quality of Pechorin comes through in an episode of a crazy, desperate chase on a wildly galloping horse for the irrevocably gone Vera. "I galloped, choking with impatience. The thought of not finding her already in Pyatigorsk hit my heart with a hammer! - one minute, another minute to see her, say goodbye, shake her hand ... I prayed, cursed, cried, laughed ... no, nothing can express my anxiety, despair! .. With the opportunity to lose her forever, Faith has become dearer to me than anything in the world - dearer than life, honor, happiness! ”This episode has a deep symbolic meaning. Pechorin lost forever not only Vera, his beloved woman, but also hope for the future and love for people, which, as L. Tolstoy showed in his autobiographical trilogy, is given by nature to every child in childhood.)

How does this characterize him?

(Pechorin is full of contradictions. We see that two worlds, two people have merged in him. “There are two people in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” “I have an innate passion to contradict; my whole life has been only a chain of sad and unfortunate contradictions of heart or reason.")

Pay attention to the nobility of the hero, despite his consumer attitude towards a woman, even selfishness, he stands up for her honor, does not allow himself a single low word addressed to them.

4. Psychological portrait of Pechorin. The hero in the assessment of the second narrator - a wandering officer.

Who introduces Pechorin to us in the chapter "Maxim Maksimych"?

What did the wandering officer in the guise of Pechorin see?

(The appearance of the hero is woven from contradictions. His portrait explains the character of Pechorin, testifies to his fatigue and coldness, to his unspent strength. Observations convinced the narrator of the richness and complexity of the character of this man.

“... his slender, thin frame and broad shoulders proved a strong constitution, capable of enduring all the difficulties of nomadic life ...”

"... he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secrecy of character ..."

“... he was sitting like a thirty-year-old coquette Balzakova sits on her downy armchairs after a tiring ball ...”

“…his skin had some kind of feminine tenderness…”

“... his mustache and eyebrows were black - a sign of breed in a person ...”

“... About the eyes, I have to say a few more words.

First, they didn't laugh when he laughed! Have you ever noticed such strangeness in some people? .. This is a sign - either an evil disposition, or a deep constant sadness.

"... had one of those original physiognomies that are especially liked by secular women ...".)

Lermontov creates a detailed psychological portrait, the first in Russian literature. A psychological portrait is a characterization of a hero, where the author presents external details in a certain sequence and immediately gives them a psychological and social interpretation. A psychological portrait, in contrast to verbal drawing, gives us an idea of ​​the inner essence of the hero.

What is the role of the portrait of Pechorin?

(The portrait of the hero explains the character of the hero, his contradictions, testifies to the fatigue and coldness of Pechorin, the unspent forces of the hero. Observations convince the narrator of the richness and complexity of the character of this person. In this immersion in the world of his thoughts, the suppression of Pechorin’s spirit is the key to understanding his alienation at a meeting with Maxim Maksimych.)

Can we talk about Pechorin's cruel attitude towards Maxim Maksimych?

(“... he wanted to throw himself on Pechorin’s neck, but he rather coldly, although with a friendly smile, extended his hand to him.” But maybe he just didn’t want someone to invade his inner world? “Do you remember our life- being in a fortress? A glorious country for hunting!.. After all, you were a passionate hunter to shoot ... And Bela? what changed in the hero after leaving the fortress: his indifference to life intensified, he became more withdrawn.)

Do we understand the hero, after all, we considered the point of view of both Maxim Maksimych and the wandering officer?

(The hero is certainly interesting. The more mysterious, the more interesting. Pechorin has a strong personality, he is endowed with charm, but there is something in him that worries the reader. He is both strong and weak, hardened and pampered. He is able to fight for love - and he quickly cools down, cannot love for a long time.

5. The character of Pechorin in the assessment of the hero himself. Test of the hero by danger.

Where is the inner essence of the hero most fully revealed?

(If the first two stories by genre are travel notes (the narrator noted: “I am not writing a story, but travel notes”), then the following stories are Pechorin’s diary.

A diary is a record of a personal nature, in which a person, knowing that they will not become known to others, can state not only external events, but also internal movements of his soul hidden from everyone. Pechorin was sure that he was writing "this journal ... for himself", which is why he was so open in their description.)

What parts does Pechorin's Journal consist of?

(Three chapters of the novel - "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist" - are parts of "Pechorin's Diary".)

Who introduces the hero to us?

(The word is given to the hero himself, who analyzes himself with the utmost penetration and gives the reader the opportunity to look into his soul from the inside.)

What features of the character of the hero are revealed in the story "Taman"?

(Interest in a new circle of people, hope for a romantic adventure, adventurism.)

Why does he suffer the bitterness of disappointment?

(“Yes, and what do I care about human joys and misfortunes, me, a wandering officer, and even with a traveler for official needs! ..”)

In which story is the spiritual world of Pechorin most fully revealed?

(The story "Princess Mary".)

What society surrounds the hero this time? How is it different from mountaineers, smugglers?

(The environment surrounding the hero is people equal to him in social origin.)

Then why did a conflict occur between this society and Pechorin?

(Among the people of this society there were no people equal to him intellectually.)

What assessment does Pechorin give to Grushnitsky at the beginning of his acquaintance? Why is Pechorin so implacable in his perception of this person?

(Pechorin dislikes Grushnitsky’s manner of saying “ready-made pompous phrases ... to produce an effect ...”. “I don’t like him either, I feel that someday we will run into him on a narrow road, and one of us will be unhappy.”)

What feature of Pechorin's character can we single out?

(The ability to understand the inner essence of a person.)

Why is a clash between Pechorin and Grushnitsky inevitable?

(Grushnitsky is a kind of “double” of Pechorin. Putting on a mask of disappointment, longing, he plays the role of an unusual person.

“He speaks quickly and pretentiously: he is one of those people who have ready-made magnificent phrases for all occasions ...”

"Producing an effect is their delight."

“... I could never argue with him. He doesn't answer your objections, he doesn't listen to you."

"His goal is to become the hero of the novel."

Grushnitsky's behavior is not only harmless and funny. Under the mask of the hero, as if disappointed in some cherished aspirations, hides a petty and selfish soul, selfish and malicious, filled to the brim with complacency.)

How does Pechorin behave in the duel scene?

(During the duel, Pechorin behaves like a courageous person. Outwardly, he is calm. Only after feeling his pulse, Werner noticed signs of excitement in him. The details of the description of nature that Pechorin wrote down in his diary also betray his feelings: “... it seemed dark and cold down there, as in a coffin; mossy jagged rocks…waiting for their prey.")

Does the hero experience the triumph of the victor?

(It’s hard for Pechorin: “I had a stone in my heart. The sun seemed dim to me, its rays didn’t warm me ... The sight of a person was painful for me: I wanted to be alone ...”)

(Shade off the true depth and originality of the protagonist.)

6. Life philosophy of the hero.

We examined the image of Pechorin when meeting with danger. Further, in the reasoning of the hero, his life philosophy emerges.

What does he consider for himself almost the only pleasure in life?

(“... my first pleasure is to subordinate everything that surrounds me to my will; to arouse a feeling of love, devotion and fear for myself - is this not the first sign and the greatest triumph of power ...”)

How does he rate himself in his diary?

(Pechorin does not spare himself, first of all it is honesty to himself, self-criticism, but at the same time he does not seek to change anything.)

Reflecting on the age-old question, what is happiness, what answer does the hero offer?

("And what is happiness? Saturated pride?")

Where does pride cherished in a person lead?

(There will not be real friends who understand people nearby.)

What is friendship in the understanding of Pechorin?

(“... I am not capable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other; I cannot be a slave, and commanding in this case is tedious work ...” Pechorin has no real friends.)

What can pride, lack of friends lead to?

(Of course, to loneliness. Pechorin seems to us not just a hero of his time, but a tragic hero.")

A few days before the duel, the hero is occupied with the question of the meaning of life. What does he see as the purpose of his own existence?

(“... why did I live? For what purpose was I born? And, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul ... But I did not guess this purpose, I was carried away by the lures of passions empty and ungrateful; from their furnace I came out hard and cold as iron, but I have lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations - the best color of life. " Noble aspirations, according to the hero, are the most significant in a person's life.)

Why can't Pechorin find meaning in life?

(“This person does not indifferently, does not apathetically bear his suffering: he is madly chasing life, looking for it everywhere; he bitterly accuses himself of his delusions. : he peeps every movement of his heart, considers his every thought, "notes V. G. Belinsky. An outstanding personality, endowed with intelligence and willpower, a desire for vigorous activity, cannot manifest himself in the life around him. Pechorin cannot be happy and not can give happiness to anyone. That is his tragedy.)

What are these people called in literature?

(Pechorin can be called an “extra” person. He has a lot of vital energy, a need for action, a desire to fight and win. Under favorable conditions, these qualities of his could be socially useful, but life itself interfered with this. Pechorin is the hero of the post-December, tragic era. Reality did not offer him a real case, people like Pechorin "seethed in empty action.")

This is the hero of that time, what would we take in our time? What character traits are necessary for the hero of our time?

7. The result of the lesson.

Were we able to consider the history of Pechorin's soul?

Of course, we touched only on some features of the hero's soul. By the power of his talent, Lermontov created an image that still remains "a mystery with seven seals."

Belinsky about the novel "A Hero of Our Time" summary

1. sure sure
2. In the story, Lermontov was the same creator as in his poems.
   Belinsky sharply objected to the comparison of Dead Souls with the Iliad: “In vain did he (the author of the pamphlet) fail to delve into these deeply significant words of Gogol: “And for a long time it was determined by my wonderful power to go hand in hand with my strange heroes, to look around the whole hugely rushing life, look at it through laughter visible to the world and invisible, unknown to him tears. Hero of our time. The work of M. Lermontov ... Lermontov is a romantic. In romantic works, the personality, as a rule, opposes society, outside of which it cannot exist and in which, for one reason or another, it does not want to get along.
   Synopsis of the lesson of literature grade 9.
   Lermontov followed the path paved by Pushkin. Summary: Motifs of Lermontov's lyrics in the novel A Hero of Our Time.
   Disputes about romanticism and realism of the novel "A Hero of Our Time". "Yes, this is an evil irony! .." they will say. The elements of the author's sympathy for Pechorin, which were present in the novel, gave Belinsky the right to assert that Lermontov had not yet been able to completely separate from Pechorin, look at him from the outside and correctly evaluate him. Blaming Pechorin for not having faith is pointless. He has made himself the most curious object of his observations, and, trying to be as sincere as possible in his confession, not only frankly admits his true shortcomings, but also invents unprecedented ones or misinterprets his most natural movements. Egoism does not suffer, does not blame itself, it is pleased with itself, pleased with itself. Understanding the image of Pechorin as a reflection of the tragedy of his generation, Belinsky rightly saw in this image echoes of the personal tragedy of Lermontov himself. He believed that the strengthening of faith in the dignity of life and people is an indispensable basis for the future development of Lermontov, the key to his artistic growth. But her hour has not yet come. But does he not despise and hate himself for it? It only needs to be loosened and watered with blessed rain, and it will grow out of itself luxurious flowers of heavenly love.
3. V. G. BELINSKY ABOUT M. YU. LERMONTOV’S NOVEL THE HERO OF OUR TIME

   Lermontov expressed his attitude to the main character in the title of the novel. So, the hero of our time is the main idea of ​​the work. Belinsky asks the question: Why is he bad? Blaming Pechorin for not having faith is pointless. In addition, Pechorin himself is not happy with his unbelief. He is ready to buy this faith at the cost of life and happiness. But her hour has not yet come. For his egoism, Pechorin despises and hates only himself. The soul of Pechorin is not stony soil, the earth has not dried up from the heat. This man has the strength of spirit and the power of will ... in his very vices something great looms, and he is beautiful, full of poetry even in those moments when human feeling rises up against him. His passions are storms that purify the realm of the spirit; his delusions, no matter how terrible they are, are acute illnesses in a young body, strengthening it for a long and healthy life. Let him slander the eternal laws of reason, placing the highest happiness in saturated pride; let him slander human nature, seeing in it only selfishness; let him slander himself, taking the moments of his spirit for its full development and mixing youth with manhood, let him! ..So deep is his nature, so innate is his rationality, so strong is his instinct for truth! Pechorin still early considered himself to have drunk the cup of life to the bottom, while he had not yet blown away its hissing foam decently ... he does not yet know himself, and if one should not always believe him when he justifies himself, then still less should he believe him when he accuses himself or ascribes various inhuman properties and vices to himself. Pechorin says that there are two people in him ... This confession reveals the whole of Pechorin. There are no phrases in it, and every word is sincere. Unconsciously, but truly, Pechorin spoke out all of himself. This person is not an ardent young man who chases after impressions and gives himself entirely to the first of them until it is erased and the soul asks for a new one ... he's well past his teenage years... he no longer dreams of dying for his beloved, pronouncing her name and bequeathing a lock of hair to a friend, does not take words for deeds ... He felt a lot, loved a lot, and knows from experience how short-lived all feelings, all attachments are; his spirit is ripe for new feelings and new thoughts, his heart demands a new attachment: reality is the essence and character of all this new. This is a transitional state of the spirit, in which everything old has been destroyed for a person, and there is no new yet, and in which a person is only the possibility of something real in the future and a perfect ghost in the present ...

Subject: IDEA OF M. YU. LERMONTOV’S NOVEL
"HERO OF OUR TIME". GENRE AND COMPOSITION

The purpose of the lesson: - Tasks: to remind students about the characteristic features of the life of Russian society in the 30s of the XIX century, about the fate of the younger generation; talk about the ideological concept of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" and about the responses to the release of the work; find out the initial reader's impressions of Lermontov's novel; dwell on the most important features of the composition (lack of a single plot, violation of the chronological order in the arrangement of parts of the work, the presence of three narrators in the novel - the author, Maxim Maksimovich and Pechorin).Lesson type - a lesson in the assimilation of new knowledge.Equipment:

Course of lessons

Epigraph to the lesson:

"A Hero of Our Time" is by no means a collection of several stories and short stories - it is a novel in which there is one hero and one main idea, artistically developed.

V. G. Belinsky

I. Opening speech of the teacher.

The novel A Hero of Our Time was conceived by Lermontov at the end of 1837. The main work on it began in 1838 and was completed in 1839. The story “Bela” (1838) with the subtitle “From the Notes of an Officer from the Caucasus” appeared in the journal “Domestic Notes”, at the end of 1839 the story “The Fatalist” was published, and then “Taman”. Lermontov first named his novel "One of the Heroes of the Beginning of the Century". A separate edition of the novel already under the title "A Hero of Our Time" was published in 1840.

The 1830s-1840s in the history of Russia are the dark years of the Nikolaev reaction, the brutal police regime. The plight of the people was unbearable, the fate of advanced thinking people was tragic. Feelings of sadness in Lermontov caused the fact that "the future generation has no future." Passivity, disbelief, indecision, loss of purpose in life and interest in it are the main features of the writer's contemporaries.

Lermontov in his work wanted to show what the Nikolaev reaction doomed the younger generation to. The very title of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" is evidence of its importance.

In the image of Pechorin, Lermontov gave an expressive realistic and psychological portrait of "modern man, as he understands him and, unfortunately, met him too often"(A. I. Herzen) .

Pechorin is nature, richly gifted. The hero does not overestimate himself when he says: "I feel immense strength in my soul." With his novel, Lermontov answers why energetic and intelligent people do not find application for their remarkable abilities and “wither without a fight” at the very beginning of their life path. The author's attention is drawn to the disclosure of the complex and contradictory nature of the hero.

Lermontov, in the preface to Pechorin’s Journal, writes: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is almost more curious and more useful than the history of a whole people ...”

Genre Features. "Hero of Our Time" is the first Russianpsychological novel.

II. Finding out the initial impressions of students about the novel "A Hero of Our Time".

Here are some ofquestions:

1. Which of the stories you read made the greatest impression on you?

2. Tell us about your attitude towards the main character.

3. What events from the life of Pechorin did we learn from the chapter of "Bel"?

4. On whose behalf is the story being told? What role does this play?

5. Who is Maksim Maksimych? What do you know about him?

6. Is Maxim Maksimych the person who is able to understand Pechorin?

7. What is your impression of the passing officer?

8. Read your favorite description of nature. What words help to feel the presence of a person painting a landscape?

III. Features of the composition of the novel.

Questions:

1. What is the plot of a work of art?

2. What plot elements do you know?

3. What is called the composition of a work of art? What compositional techniques have you met before while studying the works?

4. What is the peculiarity of the composition of the "Hero of Our Time"? Is it possible to highlight the elements of the plot that you know in it?(A feature of the composition is the absence of a single storyline. The novel consists of five parts or stories, each of which has its own genre, its own plot and its own title. But the main character combines all these parts into a single novel.)

5. Let's try to imagine the difference between chronological and compositional order.

Pechorin goes to his place of service, stops in Taman, then visits Pyatigorsk, where he was exiled to a fortress for a quarrel and a duel with Grushnitsky. In the fortress, the events described in the stories "Bela" and "The Fatalist" take place with him. A few years later, Pechorin meets with Maxim Maksimych.

Chronological order of the stories:

1. "Taman".

2. "Princess Mary".

3. "Bela".

4. "Fatalist".

5. "Maxim Maksimych".

Lermontov violates the order of the stories. In the novel they go like this:

1. "Bela".

2. "Maxim Maksimych".

3. "Taman".

4. "Princess Mary".

5. "Fatalist".

The last three stories are the diary of the protagonist,
life story written by him.

Questions:

1) Why does Lermontov build his novel this way?

2) What does this composition make you think about?

3) In what form are the first two stories written? last three?

Conclusions. “Pechorin is the main character of the novel. The actors are located in contrast. The point is to emphasize: Pechorin is the center of the story, the Hero of his time. The composition of the work (the change of narrators, the violation of the chronology of events, the genre of travel and diary notes, the grouping of characters) helps to reveal the character of Pechorin, to identify the reasons that gave rise to him "*.

IV. Responses to the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”
me."

1. S. Burachek : Pechorin - "monster", "slander on a whole generation."

2. S. Shevyrev : "Pechorin - there is only one ghost thrown at us by the West."

3. V. Belinsky : "Pechorin ... the hero of our time."

4. A. Herzen : "Pechorin -" the younger brother of Onegin ".

Questions:

1) Which of the critics is more objective in assessing Pechorin?

2) How does Lermontov himself talk about Pechorin in the preface?

Reading the preface.

(“... The Hero of Our Time, my gracious sirs, is like a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development ...”)

Homework.

1. The stories "Bela", "Maxim Maksimych". (Heroes, content, features of composition and genre, attitude to Pechorin.)

2. Make a plan for the story "Bela", name the parts.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: "STRANGER MAN" PECHORIN (ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF THE CHAPTERS "BEL" AND "MAKSIM MAKSIMYCH") The purpose of the lesson: - arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to interest students in the content of the stories "Bela", "Maxim Maksimych"; find out the features of the plot, composition, genre; by analyzing episodes, to deepen ideas about the character of the protagonist, try to explain some of Pechorin's "oddities", talk about his actions and actions (try to understand them), about relationships with other characters.Lesson type commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Homework survey.

1. What is the peculiarity of the construction of Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?

2. What does such a composition make you think about?

II. Bela's story. (Heroes, content, features of the genre and composition, attitude towards Pechorin of the heroes of the story.)

1. Conversation on:

1) Into how many parts can the content of the story be divided? What headings to come up with?

2) On whose behalf is the story being told? In what form is it written?(The story is told on behalf of the author and Maxim Maksimych. Genre - travel notes: "... I am not writing a story, but travel notes.")

3) What interesting things can you tell about the author and Maksim Maksimych?

The author is a “new” person in the Caucasus, yearning for his native places. He is curious, has a desire to “pull out” some exciting story from Maxim Maksimych. The author is educated, observant, admires the wonderful nature of the Caucasus.

Staff Captain Maksim Maksimych is a “experienced” person in the Caucasus, accustomed to a harsh life. Army service taught him responsibility and discipline, but did not harden him. Maxim Maksimych is disinterested and kind. Knowing well the life of the highlanders, he knows how to understand their actions, appreciate their strength and courage. His speech, although not always correct, is always sincere. Belinsky notes that Maxim Maksimych speaks "in a simple, rough language, but always picturesque, always touching and amazing ...". Acquaintance with Pechorin and joint service is an exceptional event in the monotonous life of a staff captain.

2. Retelling-analysisepisodes "The Abduction of Bela" and "The Death of Bela". Can be usedquestions:

1) Mentally reproduce the psychological state of Pechorin.

2) How do these episodes characterize the main character?

3) Why do you condemn Pechorin?

4) What traits of his character deserve approval? Why?

5) Is Pechorin's love for Bela a real feeling or is it just a hobby - a whim?

6) In what does Maxim Maksimych see Pechorin's strangeness?

Pechorin attracts the attention of others and arouses the interest of the author. But the attitude of the author to the hero is contradictory. Oddities are striking both in appearance and in the character of Pechorin. Courage, energy, courage, noble impulses are combined in it with lethargy and indifference.

The story with Bela shows that Pechorin has a strong will, he knows how to achieve his goal. This makes him sympathetic. But at the same time, the author condemns him for petty and selfish actions, the habit of considering only his own desires.

Pechorin's inconsistency is revealed in the subsequent chapters of the novel in its entirety, revealing the "disease" of the generation of that time.

3. Retelling-analysisthe story "Maxim Maksimych" or reading by roles. Can be usedquestions:

1) What is your impression of what you read?

2) What are the features of the portrait of Pechorin? How does it differ from the portrait given by Maxim Maksimych in the story "Bela"?

3) What is the role of the narrator in the story?

4) How is Lermontov's ideological concept manifested?

5) Analyze the episode of Pechorin's meeting with the staff captain. Can Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych be called friends?

6) How do you explain Pechorin's coldness? Why didn't he stay to dine with the staff captain?

7) What character traits of Pechorin were revealed in the last meeting with Maxim Maksimych?

8) Which character do you sympathize with?

9) What, in your opinion, should be their meeting?

10) What is the place and significance of the story "Maxim Maksimych" in the novel?

(The compositional role of the story "Maxim Maksimych" is great. It is, as it were, a link between "Bela" and "Pechorin's Journal". It explains how the journal got to the author, a visiting officer.

The plot of the story is also simple. But the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych is sad. The coldness, indifference and selfishness of the protagonist have increased. Travel is the last attempt to somehow fill your life with something useful, new experiences.)

The most important means of characterizing Pechorin in this story is a psychological portrait (features of appearance, reflection of complex emotional experiences in it, psychologism of the portrait).

Homework.

1. The story "Taman". Reading, storytelling. What is the meaning of Pechorin's collision with smugglers?

2. Analysis of the episodes "Scene in the Boat" and "Yanko's Farewell to the Blind Boy". What did you learn about the main character?

3. Observations on the composition of "Taman", the description of nature, the speech of the characters.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: PECHORIN IN THE "CIRCLE OF HONEST ́ X smugglers"
("TAMAN"). The purpose of the lesson: - arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to interest students in the romantic plot of the story "Taman"; pay attention to the unusual composition of the story and its role in revealing the character of the protagonist; by analyzing the episodes, the actions of the characters, to deepen the idea of ​​​​Pechorin as a brave, active and determined person, but without a purpose and meaning in life; highlight the features of the writer's artistic skill in the story "Taman".Lesson type commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Reading the preface to Pechorin's Journal.

Question:How does the preface reveal the author's attitude towards his character?(“Taman” is the first story from Pechorin’s Journal. Lermontov emphasizes the sincerity of the protagonist, who “mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices.” The journal clarifies much that is incomprehensible in the character and behavior of the hero.)

II. A brief retelling of the plot of "Taman". (The plot of the story is determined by the character of the hero, his great desire to find "the key to this riddle".)

Questions:

1. What is interesting in the story?

2. How is it built?

3. What is the meaning of Pechorin's collision with smugglers?

4. What seemed strange and mysterious to Pechorin in the behavior and character of the owners?

III. Episode analysis (by groups):

1stgroup. "The Boat Scene" (What explains the behavior of the girl in the boat? What character traits of Pechorin appeared in this scene?)

2ndgroup. "Yanko's Farewell to the Blind Boy". (What does the author highlight in Yanko's appearance? What character traits does the author poetize? How does the grief of the blind man convey? Why did Pechorin, who saw Yanko's farewell to the blind, "become sad"?)

A beautiful “undine” is a strong and selfless nature, capable of taking risks. The proof is her struggle in the boat.

Lermontov emphasizes Yanko's dexterity and courage, his love for will and freedom, and at the same time speaks of his indifference and callousness towards the blind boy.

IV. Talk about the main character.

Questions:

1. What made Pechorin "intervene" in events, become a participant in them?

2. How is his character revealed in the adventure in Taman?

3. Is the hero happy?

4. What does he blame himself for?

5. Why calls the "circle honest"́ x smugglers" "peaceful"?

Pechorin is an active, active person, fearless and persistent. But his actions, mind, observation, energy bring only misfortune. When the secret of the smugglers was revealed, "the aimlessness of Pechorin's decisive actions was exposed"(N. I. Gromov) . “There is no goal in his life, his actions are random, his activity is fruitless, and Pechorin is unhappy”(Z. Ya. Rez) .

V. Mastery of Lermontov.

Z. Ya. Rez highlights in the story "Taman":

1. The skill of building a story (the intensity of the development of the action, the conditionality of its character of the hero, the clarity and harmony of the composition, the absence of minor details, the saturation of the action).

2. Variety of ways to create character images.

3. The nature and role of the landscape in "Taman".

4. Conciseness, clarity and simplicity of style in descriptions.

5. Bright individualization of the character's speech.

Homework.

Reading the story "Princess Mary". Pechorin's attitude to the noble circle.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: "PECHORIN'S LIFE HISTORY, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF" ("PRINCESS MARY"). The purpose of the lesson: - arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to consider Pechorin's conflict with the noble environment surrounding him, to show the inevitability of this collision; give students the opportunity to express their views on the personality of Pechorin, his friends and enemies; analyze the episode "Pechorin's duel with Grushnitsky", find out how the characters of the characters are revealed in this episode; consider illustrations, drawings by artists M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others for the story "Princess Mary", try to explain what attitude the artists expressed towards Pechorin.

Visual aids: illustrations and drawings by M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others for the story "Princess Mary".Lesson type commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

Epigraph to the lesson:

Why do they all hate me? My bile was agitated. I started jokingly - and ended with sincere anger ...

M. Lermontov. Hero of our time.

(The words of the protagonist of the work - Pechorin)

I. The image of the noble society in the story "Princess Mary".

Pyatigorsk. The noble "water society" is the social environment to which Pechorin belongs.

Conversation on:

1. Tell us about Lermontov's attitude to the noble society.

2. How is this society shown in the novel? (List those heroes of the work who sympathize with Pechorin, who hate him, who "just endure".)

3. How is the life of representatives of the "water society"? What are their occupations, interests?

4. What is Pechorin in this environment?

5. How do Pechorin's requests and ideals differ from the ideals of the "water society"?

Lermontov satirically portrays the society of the nobility. The arriving Moscow nobility, the steppe landowners, the local elite, visiting officers - a diverse "water society" of Pyatigorsk. Numerous novels and hobbies, gossip, maps, walks, balls - this is what interests the secular society of Pyatigorsk.

Against the "background" of these gentlemen, the smart and decisive Pechorin stands out brighter. He despises both the Moscow nobility and the Pyatigorsk noble society. The conflict between Pechorin and society is inevitable.

Lermontov convinces that such a hypocritical and empty society is not capable of nominating real heroes from its midst. In Pechorin, on the other hand, the intense work of thought is constantly going on, he is persistent, he analyzes his actions, likes and dislikes, and strives to "get to the bottom of it."

II. Pechorin and Grushnitsky. Analysis of the episode "Pechorin's Duel
with Grushnitsky.

Conversation on:

1. Tell us about Grushnitsky.

2. Why does Pechorin despises him?

3. What apt characteristics do Pechorin and the author give him?(Grushnitsky is a “poseur.” “His goal is to become the hero of a novel.” “To produce an effect is his pleasure.” “He does not know people and their weak strings, because he has been busy with himself all his life.” “There are many good qualities in their soul but not a penny of poetry.")

4. Reading the duel scene (or retelling close to the text).

5. What caused the quarrel?

6. Did Pechorin want a duel and the death of Grushnitsky? (Give quotes that help to understand the state of mind of the protagonist.)

7. Could he have done otherwise?

8. The night before the duel. What sides of Pechorin's soul are revealed to readers? What explains Grushnitsky's hatred for Pechorin?

9. How are the characters of Pechorin and Grushnitsky revealed in the duel scene?

10. Does this duel look like a duel between Onegin and Lensky?

According to Belinsky, Grushnitsky is a model of "ideal phrase-mongers" encountered "at every turn." Contrasting with Pechorin in everything, in his leading features he personifies the disappointment, false romanticism that was fashionable in the 30s of the 19th century.

The portrait of Grushnitsky is not given statically, but is constantly changing depending on the state of mind of the hero. Close-minded, envious and vain, all "woven" of falsehood, Grushnitsky prefers a false pose to natural movements. For him, the main thing is to produce an effect, to seem tragic and mysterious.

People like Grushnitsky, according to Pechorin, in old age "become either peaceful landowners or drunkards, sometimes both."

But Grushnitsky did not live to old age. He became entangled in lies and intrigues and was killed in a duel with Pechorin. In the last moments in Grushnitsky "a struggle took place", manifested in depression and embarrassment, in the recognition of his wrong. He passed away with the words: "I despise myself."

Pechorin left the enemy "the possibility of a peaceful outcome." He fired when Grushnitsky shouted out: "There is no place for us on earth together." But is Pechorin happy with this outcome? There is no joy and triumph of the winner. Pechorin's state of mind is difficult. He has "a stone in his heart." But at the same time, there are hidden forces in Pechorin, the ability to endure the condemnation of people and remain oneself.

III. Working with illustrations.

Questions:

1. How did the artists portray the heroes of Lermontov's novel?

2. What is the mood of Pechorin and the seconds conveyed in the drawings?

Homework.

Reading the chapter "The Fatalist", reports ormessagesabout Pechorin's attitude to Mary, Vera.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “... I ALWAYS GO BOLDER FORWARD WHEN I DO NOT KNOW
WHAT EXPECTS ME "(STORY" FATALIST ")

The purpose of the lesson: - arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: determine the main idea of ​​the story "The Fatalist"; deepen students' ideas about the character, behavior and actions of the protagonist; help to comprehend the plot-compositional role of the story "The Fatalist".

Lesson type commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Implementation of homework.

Student presentations (ormessages) about Pechorin's attitude towards women.

1. Pechorin and Princess Mary.

Questions:

1) Why did Pechorin need to start an intrigue with Mary?

2) What actions and actions of him cause the contempt of Princess Mary?

3) Why did Mary fall in love with Pechorin?

2. Analysis of the episode "Pechorin's Farewell to Mary".

Question:What did you learn about the characters from this scene?

3. Pechorin's attitude to Vera.

Questions:

1) Is Pechorin capable of feeling - love?

2) Could the heroes - Vera and Pechorin - stay together and be happy?

Love for Pechorin, neither Mary nor Vera, except for suffering, gave nothing. Pechorin, even those whom he sincerely loved and respected, could not make happy (“... loved for himself, for his own pleasure”, “did not sacrifice anything for those whom he loved”). In love, Pechorin is an egoist.

But the heroines (both Vera and Mary) singled out among many ... Pechorin. This "makes you see the unusualness of the hero, the spiritual beauty hidden in him, strengthen the charm of the hero."

II. The story of the fatalist.

The story "The Fatalist" completes Pechorin's diary and the whole novel as a whole.

Pechorin is in an officer environment that is well known to him. Events take place on the Caucasian line.

Questionsfor students:

1. Briefly retell the content of the story.

2. Why does the chapter "The Fatalist" end the novel? What is fatalism?

3. Does fate exist or not? How is it explained that Pechorin believed in predestination for a while?

4. What thoughts does the contemplation of the night sky lead the main character to?

5. What conclusion can be drawn after the death of Vulich? Is there a predestination or not?

5. What final conclusion does the author bring us to when talking about the episode of the capture of a drunken Cossack?

Conclusion. The author wanted to say with his story that there are many accidents and circumstances in people's lives, but in spite of everything, one must act, fight, show one's will and determination.

“As for me, I always go forward more boldly when I don’t know what awaits me,” says Pechorin.

III. Composition of the story "The Fatalist".

If there is time, you can draw up a composition scheme.

A. A. Murashova offers suchscheme* :

1. Episode with Vulich (there is a fate).

2. Reflections of the hero while contemplating the starry sky (doubts about the existence of predestination).

3. The death of Vulich (rock exists).

4. The capture of a drunken Cossack (Pechorin defies fate and wins thanks to accurate calculation, dexterity, strength).

Conclusion.In any case, you need to act.

Homework.

The image of Pechorin. Make a plan for the image, pick up quotes.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “MY WHOLE LIFE WAS ONLY A CHAIN ​​OF SAD
AND UNSUCCESSFUL CONTRADICTIONS OF HEART OR MIND"
(IMAGE OF PECHORIN).

The purpose of the lesson: - arouse interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov. Tasks:

Lesson type commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

Epigraph to the lesson:

Sadly I look at our generation.

M. Yu. Lermontov

I. Conversation with students about the hero of Lermontov's novel, drawing up a plan for the image of Pechorin.

Exemplary plan to the image of Pechorin :

I. Pechorin is the central image of the novel A Hero of Our Time. The variety of means of its characteristics.

II. The tragedy of the fate and life of Pechorin.

1. The story of the hero.

2. The discrepancy between Pechorin's life and his internal capabilities and needs:

1) originality in the wealth of interests, the complexity of the spiritual world, the critical mindset;

2) the thirst for action and the constant search for the use of their forces as a distinctive feature of Pechorin;

3) its inconsistency and discord with itself;

4) the growth of egoism, individualism and indifference in the character of the hero.

3. Pechorin - one of the representatives of the advanced noble intelligentsia of the 30s:

1) his proximity to the best people of the 30s and Lermontov;

2) features that make Pechorin related to the heroes of the Duma.

III. Causes of Pechorin's death:

1. Socio-political situation in Russia in the 30s.

2. Lack of public inquiries and feelings of homeland.

3. Education and influence of light.

IV. Similarities and differences between Onegin and Pechorin.

V. The meaning of the image of Pechorin in the social and literary struggle of the 30s and 40s.

II. Conclusions.

The leading theme of "A Hero of Our Time" is the image of a socially typical personality of the nobility of the 30s of the 19th century, that is, after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. The main idea of ​​the novel is the condemnation of this person and the social environment that gave birth to him.

N. G. Chernyshevsky correctly noted that Lermontov “presents his Pechorin as an example of what the best, strongest, noblest people become under the influence of the social situation.”

Nikolaev reality deprived Pechorin of a high goal and thought in life, the hero is bored, he constantly "feels his uselessness." Life confronts Pechorin with a variety of people. He does not wish harm to anyone, but still causes it. The surrounding people for the hero are only a means to satisfy curiosity, disperse boredom or experience new adventures. He is selfish. “In the first place for him,” writes Belinsky, “it is always himself, his desires.”

The character and behavior of Pechorin are extremely contradictory.

But for what purpose did he live? “Ah, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, I had a high appointment, because I feel immense strength in my soul,” Pechorin reflects.

Lermontov also writes about the positive qualities of his hero. He notes the deep mind of Pechorin, a huge thirst for life, activity, strong will, courage, perseverance in achieving the goal, and most importantly, the desire for self-knowledge. Not being able to realize himself, he directs all the forces of his soul to self-knowledge, and his energy to petty and unworthy deeds and deeds. “... I was carried away by the baits of empty and ungrateful passions, ... I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations,” says the hero.

In the 1930s, advanced people understood “noble aspirations” as service to the motherland and people. Therefore, Pechorin criticizes himself that, "despising his contemporaries for the pettiness of their existence, he himself did not serve lofty goals"(N. I. Gromov) .

III. V. G. Belinsky about the novel "A Hero of Our Time".

“A deep sense of reality,” Belinsky wrote, “a true instinct of truth, simplicity, artistic characterization, richness of content, irresistible charm of presentation, poetic language, deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society, breadth and courage of the brush, strength and power of the spirit, luxurious fantasy , an inexhaustible abundance of aesthetic life, originality and originality - these are the qualities of this work, which represents a completely new world of art "(V. G. Belinsky) .

The final lesson in the image of Pechorin can be held in the form of a literary trial of Pechorin.

Who is Pechorin? Let's give the word "investigator". There are "witnesses" in the case: Maxim Maksimych, Grushnitsky, Princess Mary, Vera, Dr. Werner, the author himself - Lermontov.

Constant dialogue between the defendant Pechorin, the judge, the investigator, the lawyer, the prosecutor*.

Homework.

1. Synopsis of Belinsky's article "A Hero of Our Time".

2. Prepare for the essay, repeat the questions from the textbook at the end of the topic.

Lessons 50–51
WORK ON THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

Sample Topics:

1. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “When the yellowing field is agitated ...” (Perception, interpretation, evaluation.)

2. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...” (Perception, interpretation, assessment.)

3. The fate of the generation of the 30s in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov.

4. What is close to the poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov.

5. The last meeting of Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych. (Analysis of an episode from the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".)

6. The scene of the capture of the Cossack killer in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". (Analysis of an episode from the chapter "The Fatalist".)

7. “We became friends ...” (Pechorin and Werner in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”.)

8. Pechorin and the "water society" in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time".

9. The theme of fate in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", Pechorin and Vulich.

10. Grushnitsky and Pechorin. Comparative characteristic.

11. The tragedy of Pechorin.

12. Nature in the image of M. Yu. Lermontov (based on the novel "A Hero of Our Time").

13. "A Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov is an eternal book.

14. Favorite pages in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time".

Homework.

Individual appearancesstudents in groups:

1stgroup. Gogol's Childhood and Youth Years.

2ndgroup. "In the Nezhin Gymnasium".

3rdgroup."Evenings on a farm near Dikanka" (read 2-3 stories).

4thgroup. Collection "Mirgorod".

5thgroup. Gogol the playwright.

6thgroup. The last years of the writer's life.

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject:

The purpose of the lesson: reveal understanding of the topic.

Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the protagonist, understand the drama of an outstanding personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; determine the attitude of Lermontov to his hero.Lesson type - control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.

During the classes

I. Test work.

Exercise 1.

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov lived:

1. In 1814–1841

2. In 1824–1849

3. In 1812–1837

Task 2.

Determine the motives (themes) of the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov by groups of poem titles:

1. "Letter", "Cup of Life", "Monologue", "Angel", "K***".

2. "Monologue", "Cemetery", "Confession", "Death", "Earth and Sky".

3. "Death of a Poet", "Dagger", "Poet", "Journalist, Reader and Writer", "Prophet".

4. "Novgorod", "Complaints of the Turk", "Sail", "Desire", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...", "Dagger".

5. "Motherland", "Borodino", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...".

6. “And boring and sad ...”, “Cliff”, “In the wild north”, “Prisoner”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Captured Knight”.

7. “I am writing to you”, “Kavkaz”.

 the theme of the poet and poetry

 love lyrics

 motif of theomachism

 homeland theme

 nature theme

 philosophical lyrics

 freedom-loving lyrics

Task 3.

Determine the size of the versification:

And the proud Demon will not lag behind,

While I live, from me,

And it will illuminate my mind

Beam of heavenly fire.

Show the image of perfection

And suddenly take away forever.

And, giving a premonition of bliss,

Never give me happiness.

1. Yamb.

2. Chorey.

3. Dactyl.

4. Amphibrach.

5. Anapaest.

Task 4.

Specify the number of feet in the verse: “I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon ...”

1. 2 feet.

2. 3 feet.

Task 5.

Determine the period of the poet's work, to which the indicated poems and poems of Lermontov belong:

1. "Mtsyri", "Demon", "What's the point of living ...".

2. "Prayer", "In memory of A.I. Odoevsky", "Testament".

 romantic

 realistic

Task 6.

Find metaphors and comparisons in the following lines:

1. "In the space of abandoned luminaries ..."

2. “Kazbek is under him, like a facet of a diamond…”

 metaphor

 comparison

Task 7.

Hyperbole is:

1. One of the tropes, which consists in deliberate improbability, artistic understatement, which emotionally affects the reader.

2. Such an image of inanimate or abstract objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.

3. One of the tropes: artistic exaggeration that enhances any quality or results of actions and emotionally affects the reader.

Task 8.

Underline the hyperbole used in the text:

I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,

I'm the one no one loves

I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.

I am the king of knowledge and freedom.

I am the enemy of heaven.

I am the evil of nature.

And, you see, I am at your feet!

I brought you in tenderness

Silent love prayer

Earthly first torment

And my first tears.

Task 9.

According to the ideological content of Lermontov's works, determine their titles:

1. The exaltation of a person in his desire for freedom, for unlimited knowledge of the world, the search for "eternal renewal", "eternal rebirth", "the story of the soul" of the main character - a powerful personality with unrealized opportunities.

2. A protest against the suffocating captivity that enslaves a person, the poeticization of struggle as a natural expression of human strength, a call for freedom, an affirmation of love for the motherland.

3. Protection of honor, rights and dignity of a person, a call for freedom, a clash of two opposing forces.

 "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov ...".

 "Mtsyri".

 "Daemon".

Task 10.

What ideological and aesthetic trend in literature does the novel "A Hero of Our Time" belong to?

1. Romanticism.

2. Critical realism.

3. Sentimentalism.

4. Enlightenment realism.

5. Classicism.

Task 11.

The theme of the artwork is:

1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and transformed in a certain way in the system of this artistic world.

2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence, provided for by the composition of this work.

3. The main generalizing idea of ​​a literary work, the main problem posed in it by the writer.

Task 12.

Define the idea of ​​the novel "A Hero of Our Time":

1. Image of a socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.

2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave rise to it.

Task 13.

About whom it is said: “He sees no law for himself in anything but himself”?

1. About Pechorin.

2. Onegin.

3. Dr. Werner.

4. Grushnitsky.

Task 14.

What is the tragedy of Pechorin?

1. In conflict with others.

2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and in his characteristic individualism and skepticism. In his clear understanding of his inconsistency, the abyss "between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions" (V. G. Belinsky).

3. In indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.

4. In selfishness.

Task 15.

Determine who owns the following characteristics:

1. Direct, wholesome, honest, kind, generous, sane, "an honest soul and a heart of gold", courageous and modest to self-abasement, humble, loyal subject.

2. “The standard of ideal phrase-mongers” who are not capable of “neither real good nor real evil”, narrow-minded, impersonal, boastfully conceited, envious, false, with unreasonable conceit.

3. A raznochinets of progressive views, a materialist by conviction, a critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, a skeptic and a pessimist, honest and direct, humane.

4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, sacrificially loving.

5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.

 Grushnitsky.

 princess Mary.

 Maksim Maksimych.

 Dr Werner.

 Bela.

Task 16.

Which of the characters in the novel is the story about?

“He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you, only a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold all day on the hunt, everyone will freeze, get tired - but nothing to him. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, he assures me that he has caught a cold, the shutter will knock, he will shudder and turn pale, and in my presence he went to the boar one on one.Bsometimes, for whole hours you won’t get a word, but sometimes, as soon as you start talking, you’ll tear your tummies from laughter ... Yes, sir, he was very strange ... "

1. Grushnitsky.

2. Pechorin.

3. Maksim Maksimych.

4. Dr. Werner.

Task 17.

In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, increase its tension, enhance the impression of the strangeness, inconsistency and tragedy of the character of the hero and show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel is broken. Restore the chronological sequence of events in A Hero of Our Time.

1. "Bela".

2. "Maxim Maksimych".

3. Preface to Pechorin's journal.

4. "Taman".

5. End of Pechorin's journal.

6. "Princess Mary".

7. "Fatalist".

Task 18.

Determine whose portrait it is.

“...He was a wonderful person for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist ... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest - a poet in deed, always and often in words, although he did not write two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart... He was short and thin and weak like a child... His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. His clothes were tasteful and neat, his lean little hands showed off in pale yellow gloves. His coat, tie and waistcoat were always black."

1. Grushnitsky.

2. Pechorin.

3. Werner.

4. Maksim Maksimych.

Task 19.

The psychological nature of the landscape in the novel anticipates the state of the characters, events, and their outcome. What event is preceded by this landscape?

“... All around, lost in the golden mist of the morning, the tops of the mountains crowded like an innumerable herd, and Elbrus in the south rose in a white bulk, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which fibrous clouds that had come from the east were already wandering. I went to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost spinning: it seemed dark and cold down there, as in a coffin; mossy teeth of rocks, thrown down by thunder and time, were waiting for their prey.

1. Duel Pechorin and Grushnitsky.

2. Abduction of Karagez.

3. The death of Bela.

4. Shot Vulich.

Task 20.

According to the characteristic features, determine to which genre the work of M. Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" belongs:

1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work that tells about an event.

2. A short dynamic story with a sharp plot and an unexpected ending.

3. The genre of the epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which seeks to depict with the greatest completeness all the diverse connections of a person with the reality around him, the entire complexity of the world and man.

Task 21.

Pechorin's name was:

1. Maxim Maksimych.

2. Grigory Alexandrovich.

3. Sergei Alexandrovich.

4. Alexander Grigorievich.

III. Summary of the lesson.

G. M. Fridlender writes: “Pechorin is both an actor and director of his life drama; getting into new circumstances, he each time puts on a new play, in which the hero himself plays the main role. Each short story is another such "play" staged and acted out by the hero himself.

Which of the “plays” staged and played by Pechorin did he succeed the most? In which of the roles does he show his true face?

Homework:

1) repeat Gogol's biography from the textbook;

2) individual task: the message "Interesting about Gogol."

M.Yu.Lermontov. Lyrics.

1. M.Yu. Lermontov lived:
1. 1814 – 1841 2. 1824 – 1849 3. 1812 – 1837

2. Determine the motives (themes) of Lermontov's lyrics by groups of poem titles:
1. "Letter", "Cup of Life", "Monologue", "Angel", "K***".
2. "Monologue", "Cemetery", "Confession", "Death", "Earth and Sky".
3. "Death of a Poet", "Dagger", "Poet", "Journalist, Reader and Writer", "Prophet".
4. "Novgorod", "Complaints of the Turk", "Sail", "Desire", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...", "Dagger".
5. "Motherland", "Borodino", "Farewell, unwashed Russia ...".
6. “Both boring and sad ...”, “Cliff”, “In the wild north ...”, “Prisoner”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Captured Knight”.
7. “I am writing to you ...”, “Kavkaz”.

3. Determine the size of the versification:
"And the proud Demon will not lag behind,
While I live, from me,
And it will illuminate my mind
A ray of wonderful fire.
Show the image of perfection
And suddenly take away forever.
And, giving a premonition of bliss,
Never give me happiness."
1. iambic 2. trochee 3. dactyl 4. amphibrach 5. anapaest.

4. Specify the number of feet in the verse:
“I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon…”
1. 2 feet 2. 3 feet

5. Determine the period of the poet's work, to which the indicated poems and poems of Lermontov belong:
1. "Mtsyri", "Demon", "What's the point of living"
2. "Prayer", "In memory of A.I. Odoevsky", "Testament".
1. romantic
2. realistic

6. Find metaphors and comparisons in the given lines:
1. "In the space of abandoned luminaries."
2. “Kazbek is under him, like a facet of a diamond”
1. metaphor 2. comparison

7. Hyperbole is:
1. One of the tropes, which consists in a deliberate implausible artistic understatement that emotionally affects the reader.
2. The image of inanimate or abstract objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.
3. One of the tropes, an artistic exaggeration that enhances any qualities or results of actions and emotionally affects the reader.

8. Indicate hyperbolas in the text:
“I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,
I'm the one no one loves
I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.
I am the king of knowledge and freedom.
I am the enemy of heaven. I am the evil of nature.
And, you see, I am at your feet!
I brought you in tenderness
Silent love prayer
Earthly first torment
And my first tears.

M.Yu.Lermontov. Lyrics. Key.
1. 1
2. 1 - love line, 2 - the motive of theomachism, 3 - the theme of the poet and poetry, 4 - freedom-loving line, 5 - the theme of the motherland, 6 - philosophical line, 7 - the theme of nature.
3. 1
4. 2
5. 1 - romantic, 2 - realistic.
6. 1 - metaphor, 2 - comparison.
7. 3
8. no

Synopsis of a literature lesson in grade 9. The date of the_____________________

Subject: FINAL WORK ON THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

The purpose of the lesson: reveal understanding of the topic.

Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the protagonist, understand the drama of an outstanding personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; determine the attitude of Lermontov to his hero.Lesson type - control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.

M.Yu. Lermontov Roman Hero of Our Time.

1. What ideological and aesthetic trend in literature does M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time” belong to?
1. romanticism 2. critical realism
3. sentimentalism 4. enlightenment realism 5. classicism

2. The theme of a work of art is:
1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and in a certain way transformed in the system of this artistic world.
2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence, provided for by the composition of this work.
3. The main generalizing idea of ​​a literary work, the main problem posed in it by the writer.

3. Define the idea of ​​the novel "a hero of our time":
1. Image of a socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.
2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave rise to it.

4. About whom it is said: "He sees no law for himself in anything, except himself."
1. Pechorin 2. Onegin 3. Dr. Werner 4. Grushnitsky

5. What is the tragedy of Pechorin?
1. In conflict with others.
2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and inherent individualism and skepticism. In his clear understanding of his inconsistency “between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions” (V.G. Belinsky).
3. In indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.
4. In selfishness.
6. Determine who owns the given characteristics:
1. Direct, wholesome, honest, kind, generous, sane, "an honest soul and a heart of gold", courageous and modest to self-abasement, humble, loyal subject.
2. “The standard of ideal phrasemongers” who are not capable of “neither real good nor real evil”; narrow-minded, impersonal, boastfully selfish, envious, false, with unusual self-conceit.
3. A raznochinets of progressive views, a materialist by conviction, a critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, a skeptic and a pessimist, honest and direct, humane.
4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, strange, sacrificial loving nature.
5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.
1. Grushnitsky 2. Princess Mary 3. Maxim Maksimych 4. Dr. Werner 5. Bela

7. Which of the heroes of the novel is the story about:
“He was a nice fellow, I dare to assure you, only a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold all day on the hunt, everyone will freeze, get tired - but nothing to him. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, he assures that he has caught a cold, the shutter will knock, he will shudder and turn pale, and in my presence he went to the wild boar one on one, it happened that you couldn’t get a word for whole hours, but sometimes he starts to tell , so you will tear your tummies from laughter ... Yes, sir, he was strange with big ones ... "
1. Grushnitsky 2. Pechor 3. Maxim Maksimych 4. Dr. Werner

8. In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, increase its tension, strengthen the impression of the strangeness, inconsistency and tragedy of the character of the hero and show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel is broken. Restore the chronological sequence of events in the novel "A Hero of Our Time".
1. "Bela" 2. "Maxim Maksimych" 3. preface to Pechorin's journal
4. "Taman" 5. end of Pechorin's magazine 6. "Princess Mary" 7. "Fatalist"

9. Determine the ownership of the hero's portrait:
“... He was a wonderful person for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist ... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest - a poet in deed always and often in words, although he did not write two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart… He was small, and thin, and weak as a child… His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. There was taste and neatness in his clothes, his thin little hands showed off in light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and waistcoat were always black."
1 Grushnitsky 2. Pechorin 3. Werner 4. Maxim Maksimych

10. The psychological nature of the landscape of the novel anticipates the state of the characters, events, their outcome. What event is preceded by this landscape?
“... All around, lost in the golden mist of the morning, the tops of the mountains crowded like an innumerable herd, and Elbrus in the south stood up as a white mass, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which fibrous clouds that had come from the east were already wandering. I went to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost spinning: it seemed dark and cold down there, as in a coffin; mossy teeth of rocks, thrown down by thunder and time, were waiting for their prey.
1. duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky 2. kidnapping of Karagyoz
3. Bela's death 4. Vulich's shot

11. According to the characteristic features, determine which genre the work of M.Yu. Lermontov “the hero of our time” belongs to:
1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work that tells about an event.
2. A short dynamic story with a sharp plot and an unexpected ending.
3. The genre of the epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which seeks to depict with the greatest completeness all the diverse connections of a person with the reality around him, the entire complexity of the human world.

12. Pechorin was called:
1. Maxim Maksimych 2. Grigory Alexandrovich
3. Sergey Alexandrovich 4. Alexander Grigorievich

M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time". Key.

1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1 - Maxim Maskimych, 2 - Grushnitsky, 3 - Werner, 4 - Bela, 5 - Princess Mary. 7. 2 8. 4 - "Taman", 6 - "Princess Mary", 7 - "Fatalist", 1 - "Bela", 2 - "Maxim Maksimych", 3, 5 - Pechorin's magazine. 9.3 10.1 11.3 12.2

Topic: "A Hero of Our Time" is the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an extraordinary personality.

Goals:

1) analysis of the work: to identify the features of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" as a psychological work; to trace how, against the background of the life of ordinary people, Pechorin's inconsistency sharply stands out; identify the author's attitude to the hero as a whole and understand the causes of the tragedy of Pechorin;

2) teaching monologue speech, developing the skill of expressive reading;

3) fostering interest in studying the work of M.Yu. Lermontov.

Equipment:

illustrations for the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

With the creation of the novel A Hero of Our Time, Lermontov made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature, continuing Pushkin's realistic traditions. M.Yu. Lermontov summarized in the image of Pechorin the typical features of the younger generation of his era, the 30s of the XIX century, the era that came after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising in Russia, when freedom-loving views were persecuted, when the best people of that time could not find application for their knowledge and abilities, prematurely lost youth of the soul, devastated life by the pursuit of new impressions. This is precisely the fate of Grigory Pechorin, the protagonist of Lermontov's novel.

The topic of today's lesson is "A Hero of Our Time" - the first psychological novel in Russian literature. A novel about an outstanding personality "

What do you understand by the expression "uncommon personality"?

(Unusual, standing out from others)

We must find out what is the originality of Pechorin's personality.

And besides, we must reveal what the psychologism of the novel is.

How do you understand the meaning of the word "psychologism"?

(Notebook entry:Psychologism is an in-depth depiction of mental, emotional experiences.

(Dictionary)

III. Checking homework.

What is the peculiarity of the composition of the work?

(The novel consists of 5 independent stories. The central character, Pechorin, ties together all parts of the novel. The stories are arranged in such a way that the chronology of the hero’s life is clearly violated.

You needed to restore the plot of the work. Do you remember what Fabula is?

(Fabula - the location of the main events (episodes) of a literary work in their chronological order.)

Story order Story order

1. "Bela" 4

2. "Maxim Maksimych" 5

3. "Taman" 1

4. "Preface to Pechorin's Journal" 6

5. "Princess Mary" 2

6. Fatalist 3

(The author uses the principle from “external” to “internal” disclosure of the character of the protagonist. First, other people tell about Pechorin (Maxim Maksimych, an officer “Traveling on official need”). Then Pechorin himself tells about himself in the stories “Taman”, “Fatalist ", as well as in his diary - confession.)

IV. Work on the topic of the lesson (analysis of the work)

1) Work on questions:

In the first chapter we see Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin through the eyes of Maxim Maksimych. What can you say about this person?

(The headquarters - the captain, who spent most of his life in the Caucasian fortress, is able to accurately reproduce the external course of events, but cannot explain them. He is far from understanding the spiritual searches of the hero. The motives of his actions for Maxim Maksimych are inexplicable. He only notices the "strangeness of the hero")

What did you learn from the story "Bela" about Pechorin's life in the fortress?

What traits of character speak of his actions?

(Pechorin has a brilliant analytical mind, he evaluates people, the motives of their actions, and, on the other hand, boredom quickly takes possession of him, he has no purpose in life.)

What did you learn about Pechorin's life before appearing in the fortress?

How does psychology manifest itself in this episode?

(We see here not only a description of life, but also the spiritual experiences of the hero)

Under what circumstances do we meet the hero while reading the chapter "Maxim Maksimych"?

Who describes the portrait of Pechorin

What seemed unusual in the appearance of the hero?

(The combination of blond hair and black eyes, "the eyes did not laugh when he laughed." The author concludes that this is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep permanent sadness.)

Has Pechorin changed after leaving the fortress?

(Pechorin's indifference to life, to people, apathy, selfishness increased.)

What is the purpose of the narrator printing Pechorin's Journal?

(Show the history of the human soul)

Who acts as a narrator in the story "Taman"?

And who is the main character?

How did Pechorin show himself in a collision with smugglers, how is his character revealed?

(Pechorin finds himself in the role of an observer who accidentally witnessed the actions of smugglers. But gradually he leaves the role of an observer and becomes a participant in events. The desire to intervene in events speaks of the hero’s activity, he does not want to be content with the passive role of a contemplator of life.)

What aspects of character can be judged by the story "Taman"

(Activity, desire for action, attraction to danger, perseverance, observation)

Why, having such opportunities in character, does Pechorin not seem happy?

(All his actions do not have a deep goal. He is active, but neither he nor others need activity. He is smart, resourceful, observant, but all this brings misfortune to people. There is no goal in his life, his actions are random).

In the story "Princess Mary" we see Pechorin in Pyatigorsk.

How did his relationship with the "water society" develop?

How are Pechorin's relations with Grushnitsky developing?

Analyze the history of Pechorin's relationship with Princess Mary.

(The story of Mary's seduction is based on the knowledge of the human heart. This means that Pechorin is well versed in people)

How and why are relations between Pechorin and Vera developing?

What does the tragic scene of the pursuit of Vera indicate?

(His love for Vera awakens with new strength precisely when there is a danger of forever losing the only woman who understood him.)

Why does the hero not find happiness in love? How does he say it himself?

(Read passages)

"Fatalist"

How does Pechorin tempt fate?

What does his action say?

V. Working with illustrations.

1) Illustration by L. M. Nepomniachtchi for the novel “A Hero of Our Time”

"Death of Bela"

Exercise:

1. Describe the illustration

2. Find lines from the text that convey the state of the characters in the illustration

(In the foreground of the picture, Maxim Maksimych, shocked by the death of Bela, is depicted. In the doorway near Bela’s bed, Pechorin, depicted in full growth, is visible. His face expresses the same complex feelings as in Lermontov’s narrative (“... I have never noticed a single tear on his eyelashes: whether he really couldn’t cry or was in control of himself - I don’t know ... ”,“ ... his face did not express anything special, and I became annoyed: I would have died of grief in his place")

2) Illustration by L.E. Feinberg to the novel "A Hero of Our Time"

"Pechorin and the Wandering Officer"

3) Illustration by P. Ya. Pavlinov “Pechorin and the smuggler”

VI. Lesson summary

What is the originality of Pechorin's personality?

What is the psychology of the novel?

The character of Pechorin cannot be unambiguously assessed. Good and bad, good and evil are bizarrely intertwined in it. The fact is that in his actions he proceeds from his own selfish motives. Own "I" is the goal, and all the people around are only a means to satisfy the desires of this "I". Pechorin's individualism formed a transitional era, a sign of which was the absence of a lofty goal, social ideals.

VI. Homework:

Preparation for an essay based on the work of M.Yu. Lermontov