Many readers know when Bunin was born and died. And how many remember that it was a great Russian poet and novelist who wrote about the collapse of the Russian nobility? And, probably, few people know that Ivan Alekseevich became the first Russian writer who received the Nobel Prize in 1833. And in order to understand how he achieved such results, you need to familiarize yourself a little with his biography.

Childhood years of the future laureate

In 1870, the future writer Ivan Bunin was born in Voronezh, on the estate of his parents. Ivan Alekseevich's grandfather was a fairly prosperous landowner. But after the death of his wife, he began to waste his fortune senselessly. And the little that remained after him, Bunin's father drank away and lost at the card table. At the turn of the century, the family's fortune was practically exhausted. The future writer Bunin from early childhood witnessed the growing impoverishment of the family.

Ivan Alekseevich spent most of his childhood years in the family estate, where he got acquainted with the life of the peasants. In 1881 he entered the public school in Yelets, but after five years of study was expelled due to the family's financial difficulties and was forced to return home.

Debut in creativity, or New acquaintances

At the age of seventeen, Ivan Alekseevich made his debut as a poet. His poem appeared in the journal of St. Petersburg "Motherland". In 1889 Ivan Bunin followed his older brother, who had a huge influence on him, to Kharkov. There, he first occupies the position of an official, then he is hired as an assistant editor in the local newspaper Orlovsky Vestnik.

Ivan Alekseevich continues to write, and many of his stories have been published in some newspapers and magazines. This period also includes his long relationship with an employee of the newspaper where he worked, Varvara Pashchenko. After some time, they moved together to Poltava. Bunin begins an active correspondence with Anton Chekhov, and over time they become very close friends. And in 1894 Ivan Alekseevich met Leo Tolstoy. He admired the works of Lev Nikolaevich, but their social and moral views were very different.

Huge popularity and public recognition

When Bunin was born and died, of course, you need to know, but it is also interesting to know when his first book was published. And it was published in 1891 in Orel. The book consisted of poems written between 1887 and 1891. Moreover, some of the articles, essays and stories of Ivan Alekseevich, which were previously published in local newspapers and magazines, began to appear in periodicals in St. Petersburg.

By more than a hundred poems published by Ivan, he became quite popular with a wide range of readers. During the same period, the translation of the work "The Song of Hiawatha" was awarded the Pushkin Prize, as well as the gold medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Many critics and colleagues appreciated the rarity of his talent, refinement and clarity of thought.

In 1899, Bunin married Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. She was the daughter of a wealthy Greek from Odessa. Unfortunately, the marriage was short, and the only child died at the age of five. And already in 1906, Ivan Alekseevich lives in a civil marriage with Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Not only the facts about when Bunin was born and died are interesting in their meaning, but also information about his personal life and creative path is of great value to those who study the personality of Ivan Bunin.

Transition from poetry to prose

At the turn of the century, Ivan Alekseevich made a great transition from poetry to prose, which began to change in form and texture, became richer lexically. In 1900, the story "Antonov apples" was published, which was later even included in textbooks on literature and was considered Bunin's first real masterpiece.

Contemporaries commented on the work ambiguously. Someone emphasized the exceptional accuracy of the language, a subtle description of nature and a detailed psychological analysis, while others saw in this work some kind of nostalgia for the past of the Russian nobility. Nevertheless, Bunin's prose is becoming very popular.

Famous works, or the history of one's own family

In 1910, Ivan Alekseevich was elected one of the twelve full members of the Russian Academy of Sciences. And the very next year he published his first full-scale novel, The Village, where he describes the gloomy life in the country, which he portrays as complete stupidity, cruelty and violence. And in 1911, his second novel, Sukhodol, was published.

Here he outlines the deplorable state of the Russian rural community. There is also a nostalgic depiction of the decaying Russian nobility based on the true story of his own family. Once again, Bunin's prose divided literary critics in expressing their opinions. The Social Democrats noted his absolute honesty in the works, but many others were very shocked by the author's negativity.

The beginning of the war, or fear for the future of the state

Then Bunin and Muromtseva spent three winters from 1912 to 1914 with Maxim Gorky. There he met Fyodor Chaliapin and Leonid Andreev. Ivan Alekseevich divided his time between being in Moscow and the family estate. He was constantly haunted by anxiety about the future of Russia. Does Ivan Bunin continue to write at this time? Poetry or prose? And how did the revolution affect his work?

Ivan Alekseevich continues to work hard. In the winter of 1914, he completed a new volume of poetry and prose called The Cup of Life. And already at the beginning of the next year it was published and also received wide recognition. In the same year, "The Gentleman from San Francisco" was published. Perhaps the most famous of the stories that Bunin wrote. The years of life spent in Russia were coming to an end. A revolution was approaching that would force the great writer to leave his homeland.

Revolution and Ivan Alekseevich

Ivan Alekseevich witnessed the terror and destruction caused by the communists during the Russian year. In April of that year, he broke all ties with Gorky, which he would never restore, and on May 21, 1918, Ivan Bunin and Muromtseva received official permission to leave Moscow. They moved to Odessa. Here Ivan Alekseevich lived for two years in the hope that the Whites would be able to restore order. But soon revolutionary chaos spread throughout the state.

In February 1920, Bunin emigrated aboard the last French ship leaving Odessa with other anti-communist Russians, finally settling in Grasse, in southern France. Slowly and painfully overcoming psychological stress, Ivan Alekseevich returns to his writing. Ivan Bunin cannot live without pen and paper.

The years of his life that he spent abroad are also marked by his numerous publications and new literary masterpieces. He publishes his pre-revolutionary works, novels, regularly contributes to the Russian emigre press. Nevertheless, he was very hard to get used to the new world and believed that his muse was lost forever.

When was Bunin born and died?

Ivan Alekseevich became the first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in 1933. He received congratulations from a huge number of intellectuals around the world, but not a word from Soviet Russia, where his name and books were banned. During emigration, Bunin wrote a lot of well-known works, among them the Cursed Days, which became quite popular, where the writer describes Soviet power in detail.

Born in 1870, Ivan Alekseevich has come a long way in life. He survived the First World War, the bloody Russian Revolution, the years of the Great Patriotic War and died on November 8, 1953 in his apartment in Paris. He never returned to his homeland.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin- one of the largest writers and poets of Russia of the 20th century. He received worldwide recognition for his works, which became classics during his lifetime.

A brief biography of Bunin will help you understand what life path this outstanding writer went through, and for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize.

This is all the more interesting because great people are motivated and inspire the reader to new achievements. By the way, .

Ivan Bunin

Short biography of Bunin

Conventionally, the life of our hero can be divided into two periods: before emigration, and after. After all, it was the Revolution of 1917 that drew a red line between the pre-revolutionary existence of the intelligentsia and the Soviet system that replaced it. But first things first.

Childhood and youth

Ivan Bunin was born into a simple noble family on October 10, 1870. His father was a poorly educated landowner who graduated from only one class of the gymnasium. He was distinguished by a sharp disposition and extraordinary energy.

The mother of the future writer, on the contrary, was a very meek and pious woman. Perhaps it was thanks to her that little Vanya was very impressionable and began to learn the spiritual world early.

Bunin spent most of his childhood in the Oryol province, which was surrounded by picturesque landscapes.

Ivan received his primary education at home. Studying the biographies of prominent personalities, one cannot fail to notice the fact that the vast majority of them received their first education at home.

In 1881, Bunin managed to enter the Yelets Gymnasium, which he never graduated from. In 1886, he returned to his home again. The thirst for knowledge does not leave him, and thanks to his brother Julius, who graduated with honors from the university, he is actively working on self-education.

Personal life

In Bunin's biography, it is noteworthy that he was constantly unlucky with women. His first love was Barbara, but they never managed to marry, due to various circumstances.

The first official wife of the writer was 19-year-old Anna Tsakni. There was a rather cold relationship between the spouses, and this could be called a forced friendship rather than love. Their marriage lasted only 2 years, and Kolya's only son died of scarlet fever.

The second wife of the writer was 25-year-old Vera Muromtseva. However, this marriage was also unhappy. Upon learning that her husband was cheating on her, Vera left Bunin, although she later forgave everything and returned.

Literary activity

Ivan Bunin wrote his first poems in 1888 at the age of seventeen. A year later, he decides to move to Orel and gets a job as an editor of a local newspaper.

It was at this time that many poems began to appear in him, which would later form the basis of the book "Poems". After the publication of this work, he first received a certain literary fame.

But Bunin does not stop, and a few years later, collections of poems “Under the open sky” and “Leaf fall” come out from under his pen. The popularity of Ivan Nikolaevich continues to grow and over time he manages to meet with such outstanding and recognized masters of the word as Tolstoy and Chekhov.

These meetings turned out to be significant in Bunin's biography, and left an indelible impression in his memory.

A little later, collections of short stories "Antonov apples" and "Pines" appeared. Of course, a short biography does not imply a complete list of Bunin's extensive works, so we will manage to mention key works.

In 1909, the writer was awarded the title of honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Life in exile

Ivan Bunin was alien to the Bolshevik ideas of the 1917 revolution, which swallowed up all of Russia. As a result of this, he forever leaves his homeland, and his further biography consists of countless wanderings and travels around the world.

Being in a foreign land, he continues to work actively and writes some of his best works - Mitina's Love (1924) and Sunstroke (1925).

It was thanks to The Life of Arseniev that in 1933 Ivan became the first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. Naturally, this can be considered the peak of Bunin's creative biography.

The prize was presented to the writer by the Swedish king Gustav V. The laureate was also issued a check for 170,330 Swedish kronor. He gave part of his fee to needy people who found themselves in a difficult life situation.

Last years

By the end of his life, Ivan Alekseevich was often ill, but this did not stop him from working. He had a goal - to create a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov. However, this idea remained unrealized due to the death of the writer.

Bunin died on November 8, 1953. An interesting fact is that until the end of his days he remained a stateless person, being, in fact, a Russian exile.

He never managed to fulfill the main dream of the second period of his life - a return to Russia.

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"Russia lived in him, he was - Russia"

On October 22, 1870, the writer and poet Ivan Bunin was born. The last pre-revolutionary Russian classic and the first Russian Nobel laureate in literature was distinguished by independence of judgment and, according to the apt expression of Georgy Adamovich, “he saw through people, unmistakably guessed what they would prefer to hide.”

About Ivan Bunin

"I was born October 10, 1870(All dates in the quotation are in the old style. - Note ed.) in Voronezh. He spent his childhood and early youth in the countryside, and began writing and publishing early. Pretty soon the criticism drew attention to me. Then my books were awarded three times with the highest award of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Pushkin Prize. However, I did not have more or less wide fame for a long time, because I did not belong to any literary school. In addition, I did not move much in the literary environment, lived a lot in the countryside, traveled a lot in Russia and outside Russia: in Italy, Turkey, Greece, Palestine, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, in the tropics.

My popularity began from the time when I published my "Village". This was the beginning of a whole series of my works, sharply depicting the Russian soul, its light and dark, often tragic foundations. In Russian criticism and among the Russian intelligentsia, where, due to ignorance of the people or political considerations, the people were almost always idealized, these "merciless" works of mine evoked passionate hostile responses. During these years, I felt how my literary powers were growing stronger every day. But then the war broke out, and then the revolution. I was not one of those who were taken by surprise by it, for whom its size and atrocities were unexpected, but nevertheless reality surpassed all my expectations: what the Russian revolution soon turned into, no one who has not seen it will understand. This spectacle was sheer horror for anyone who had not lost the image and likeness of God, and hundreds of thousands of people fled from Russia after the seizure of power by Lenin, who had the slightest opportunity to escape. I left Moscow on May 21, 1918, lived in the south of Russia, which was passing from hand to hand of whites and reds, and on January 26, 1920, having drunk the cup of inexpressible mental suffering, I emigrated first to the Balkans, then to France. In France, I lived for the first time in Paris, from the summer of 1923 I moved to the Alpes-Maritimes, returning to Paris only for some of the winter months.

In 1933 he received the Nobel Prize. In emigration, I wrote ten new books.

Ivan Bunin wrote about himself in his Autobiographical Notes.

When Bunin came to Stockholm to receive the Nobel Prize, it turned out that all passers-by knew him by sight: photographs of the writer were published in every newspaper, in shop windows, on the cinema screen. Seeing the great Russian writer, the Swedes looked around, and Ivan Alekseevich pulled his lambskin cap over his eyes and grumbled: "What's happened? The perfect success of the tenor ".

“For the first time since the establishment of the Nobel Prize, you have awarded it to an exile. For who am I? An exile enjoying the hospitality of France, to whom I too will forever remain grateful. Gentlemen of the Academy, let me, leaving aside myself and my works, tell you how beautiful your gesture is in itself. There must be areas of complete independence in the world. Undoubtedly, around this table are representatives of all kinds of opinions, all kinds of philosophical and religious beliefs. But there is something unshakable that unites us all: freedom of thought and conscience, something to which we owe civilization. For a writer, this freedom is especially necessary - for him it is a dogma, an axiom.

From Bunin's speech at the Nobel Prize ceremony

However, he had a great sense of the homeland and the Russian language, and he carried it through his whole life. “Russia, our Russian nature, we took with us, and wherever we are, we cannot but feel it”, - Ivan Alekseevich said about himself and about millions of the same forced emigrants who left their fatherland in the dashing revolutionary years.

"Bunin did not have to live in Russia to write about it: Russia lived in him, he was - Russia."

Writer's secretary Andrei Sedykh

In 1936, Bunin went on a trip to Germany. In Lindau, he first encountered fascist orders: he was arrested, subjected to an unceremonious and humiliating search. In October 1939, Bunin settled in Grasse at the Villa Jeannette, where he lived throughout the war. Here he wrote his "Dark Alleys". However, under the Germans he did not print anything, although he lived in great lack of money and hunger. He treated the conquerors with hatred, sincerely rejoiced at the victories of the Soviet and allied troops. In 1945 he permanently moved from Grasse to Paris. I have been sick a lot in recent years.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in his sleep on the night of November 7-8, 1953 in Paris. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery.

“I was born too late. Had I been born earlier, these would not have been my writing memories. I wouldn't have to go through... 1905, then the First World War, followed by the 17th year and its continuation, Lenin, Stalin, Hitler... How not to envy our forefather Noah! Only one flood fell to his lot ... "

I.A. Bunin. Memories. Paris. 1950

“Start reading Bunin - whether it be “Dark Alleys”, “Easy Breathing”, “Cup of Life”, “Clean Monday”, “Antonov Apples”, “Mitya's Love”, “Arseniev's Life”, and you will immediately be taken over, enchanted by the unique Bunin's Russia with all its charming signs: ancient churches, monasteries, bell ringing, village graveyards, ruined "noble nests", with its rich colorful language, sayings, jokes that you will not find either in Chekhov or Turgenev. But that's not all: no one has so convincingly, so psychologically accurately and at the same time laconicly described the main feeling of a person - love. Bunin was endowed with a very special property: vigilance of observation. With amazing accuracy, he could draw a psychological portrait of any person he saw, give a brilliant description of natural phenomena, mood swings and changes in the lives of people, plants and animals. We can say that he wrote on the basis of keen vision, sensitive hearing and keen sense of smell. And nothing escaped him. His memory of a wanderer (he loved to travel!) absorbed everything: people, conversations, speech, coloring, noise, smells ”, - wrote literary critic Zinaida Partis in her article “Invitation to Bunin”.

Bunin in quotes

“God gives each of us this or that talent along with life and imposes on us the sacred duty not to bury it in the ground. Why, why? We don't know. But we must know that everything in this world, which is incomprehensible to us, must certainly have some meaning, some high intention of God, aimed at ensuring that everything in this world “be good”, and that the diligent fulfillment of this God’s intention is always our merit to him, and therefore joy and pride ... "

The story "Bernard" (1952)

“Yes, from year to year, day after day, you secretly expect only one thing - a happy love meeting, you live, in essence, only in the hope of this meeting - and all in vain ...”

The story "In Paris", the collection "Dark Alleys" (1943)

“And he felt such pain and such uselessness of his entire future life without her that he was seized by horror, despair.”
“The number without her seemed somehow completely different than it was with her. He was still full of her - and empty. It was strange! There was still the smell of her good English cologne, her unfinished cup was still on the tray, but she was no longer there ... And the lieutenant's heart suddenly contracted with such tenderness that the lieutenant hurried to light a cigarette and several times walked up and down the room.

The story "Sunstroke" (1925)

“Life is, undoubtedly, love, kindness, and a decrease in love, kindness is always a decrease in life, there is already death.”

The story "Blind" (1924)

“Wake up and lie in bed for a long time. The whole house is silent. You can hear the gardener walking cautiously through the rooms, lighting the stoves, and how the firewood crackles and shoots. Ahead - a whole day of rest in the already silent winter estate. You will slowly get dressed, wander around the garden, find in the wet foliage an accidentally forgotten cold and wet apple, and for some reason it will seem unusually tasty, not at all like the others. Then you'll get down to books - grandfather's books in thick leather bindings, with gold stars on morocco spines. These books, which look like church breviaries, smell nice with their yellowed, thick, rough paper! Some kind of pleasant sour mold, old perfume ... "

The story "Antonov apples" (1900)

“What an old Russian disease this is, this languor, this boredom, this spoiledness - the eternal hope that some kind of frog with a magic ring will come and do everything for you: you just have to go out onto the porch and throw the ring from hand to hand!”
“Our children, our grandchildren will not even be able to imagine the Russia in which we once (that is, yesterday) lived, which we did not appreciate, did not understand - all this power, complexity, wealth, happiness ...”
“I walked and thought, or rather, I felt: if now I managed to escape somewhere, to Italy, for example, to France, it would be disgusting everywhere - the person was disgusted! Life made me feel so sharply, so sharply and carefully examine him, his soul, his vile body. What our old eyes - how little they saw, even mine!

Collection "Cursed Days" (1926–1936)

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870 - 1953) - famous writer and poet, the first Russian Nobel Prize winner in literature, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora. Read about the life and work of this outstanding writer in the article “I. A. Bunin - biography and facts.

Short biography of Bunin I. A. for children

Option 1

Short biography of Ivan Bunin

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is an outstanding Russian writer and poet who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The writer was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a noble noble family. Until the age of 11, he was brought up at home, and then was sent to study at the Yelets district gymnasium. Upon his return, he studied under the guidance of his older brother, loved to read world and domestic classics, and was also engaged in self-education. Bunin's first poems appeared in print when he was 17 years old.

At 19, he moved to Orel, where he worked as a proofreader for a local newspaper. In 1891, his collection "Poems" was published, and then "Under the open sky" and "", for which in 1903 he was awarded the first Pushkin Prize. In 1895, Ivan Alekseevich met with whom he repeatedly corresponded.

In 1899 the writer marries Anna Tsakni. However, this marriage was short-lived. Since 1906, he began to cohabit with Vera Muromtseva, with whom he later registered a civil marriage.

Bunin's works of the early 20th century were characterized by nostalgic moods. During this period, stories and novels "", "", "" appeared. In 1909 he was awarded the second Pushkin Prize.

He reacted negatively to the revolution that had begun in Russia and began to keep a diary called Cursed Days, which was partially lost. In the winter of 1920, he emigrated to France, where he was actively engaged in social and political activities. He not only regularly published his journalistic articles, but also gave lectures, collaborated with nationalist and political organizations.

In 1833, having received the Nobel Prize, Bunin became one of the main representatives of the Russian Diaspora. The best works of the writer were written during emigration. Among them, "b", "The Case of Cornet Elagin" and a cycle of stories "". He himself believed that his work belongs more to the generation of Tolstoy and Turgenev. Despite the fact that for a long time his works were not published in the USSR, after 1955 he was the most published émigré writer in the country.

Ivan Bunin died on November 8, 1953 at the age of 83. He was buried in Paris at the Sainte-Genevier-des-Bois cemetery.

Option 2

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870 - 1953) - Russian writer. Born on October 10 in Voronezh in a noble family. Childhood years were spent in the family estate on the Butyrka farm in the Oryol province. Constant communication on the farm with courtyard people, with former serfs, enriched the writer. Here he first heard sad stories about the past, folk poetic tales. Bunin owes his first acquaintance with the richest Russian language to peasants and courtyards.

He worked as a proofreader, librarian, collaborated in the newspaper. He often moved - he lived either in Orel, then in Kharkov, then in Poltava, then in Moscow. Met with, met with Anton Chekhov. Published the story "To the End of the World". Inspired by success, Bunin completely turns to literary creativity. Among the works of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin are novels, novellas, short stories, poems, translations of works by the classics of world poetry.

Having met the October Revolution with hostility, the writer left Russia forever in 1920. He emigrated to France and settled in Paris. Everything he wrote in exile concerned Russia, Russian people, Russian nature.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in Paris. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was buried at the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, near Paris.

Option 3

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich(1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator. He was the first Russian recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora.

Born in Voronezh in the family of an impoverished nobleman. I could not graduate from high school due to lack of money. Having only 4 classes of the gymnasium, Bunin regretted all his life that he had not received a systematic education. However, this did not stop him from

receive the Pushkin Prize. The writer's older brother helped Ivan learn languages ​​and sciences, going through the entire gymnasium course with him at home.

Bunin wrote his first poems at the age of 17, imitating Pushkin and whose work he admired. They were published in the collection "Poems".
Since 1889 he began to work. In the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik", with which Bunin collaborated, he met the proofreader Varvara Pashchenko, in 1891 he married her. They moved to Poltava and became statisticians in the provincial government. In 1891, the first collection of Bunin's poems was published. The family soon broke up. Bunin moved to Moscow. There he made literary acquaintances with Tolstoy, Chekhov,.
Bunin's second marriage, with Anna Tsakni, was also unsuccessful, in 1905 their son Kolya died. In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, married, and lived with her until his death.
Bunin's work gains fame soon after the publication of the first poems. The following poems by Bunin were published in the collections Under the Open Air (1898), Falling Leaves (1901).
Acquaintance with the greatest writers leaves a significant imprint in the life and work of Bunin. Bunin's stories "Antonov apples", "Pines" are published. Bunin's prose was published in The Complete Works (1915).

The writer in 1909 becomes an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Bunin reacted rather sharply to the ideas of the revolution, and forever leaves Russia.

Bunin moved and traveled almost all his life: Europe, Asia, Africa. But he never stopped engaging in literary activities: "Mitya's Love" (1924), "Sunstroke" (1925), as well as the main novel in the writer's life - "" (1927-1929, 1933), which brings Bunin the Nobel Prize in 1933 year. In 1944, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story "k".

Before his death, the writer was often ill, but at the same time he did not stop working and creating. In the last few months of his life, Bunin was busy working on a literary portrait of A.P. Chekhov, but the work remained unfinished

Bunin always dreamed of returning to Russia. Unfortunately, the writer never managed to do this before his death. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953. He was buried in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery in Paris.

Biography of Bunin I. A. by years

Option 1

Chronological table of Bunin

Bunin's chronological table, presented on this page, will be an excellent assistant in studies both at school and at the university. She collected all the most important and main dates of Bunin's life and work. Bunin's biography in the table is built by experienced philologists and linguists. The data presented in the table? are written concisely, which makes information digestible twice as fast.

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin left behind a great legacy, which is being studied to this day. You can learn about his creative path and the tragedies experienced from the table, which combines all the stages of the life of the great writer.

1881 - Ivan Bunin's parents send their son to the Yelets gymnasium.

1886 March- Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium. The reason was the lack of tuition fees, in addition, Bunin did not go to school from the holidays.

1887 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is published for the first time - his poems "The Village Beggar" and "Over the Grave of S. Ya. Nadson" are published in the patriotic newspaper "Rodina";

1889 - The young writer moves to Oryol, where he goes to work in the Orlovsky Bulletin.

1891 - Poems 1887 - 1891 are published in Orel.

1893–1894 - Ivan Bunin falls under the influence of L.N. Tolstoy, and so much so that the writer is going to become a cooper. Only with L.N. Tolstoy at a meeting in 1894. was able to persuade Ivan Alekseevich to abandon this idea.

1895 - The writer moves to St. Petersburg, and a little later to Moscow, where he begins to get acquainted with the capital's literary circle: A.P. Chekhov, V.Ya. Bryusov.

1896 – Ivan Bunin translates the poem “The Song of Hiawatha” by the American writer G. W. Longfellow. Later, the writer will improve this translation and reprint it several times.

1897 - A book of short stories "To the End of the World."

1898 - The writer publishes a collection of his poems "Under the open sky";

Ivan Bunin is getting married. Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni becomes his wife, who will give him a son, Kolya, a little later.

1899 - Bunin's marriage turns out to be fragile and falls apart.

1900 - The writer goes to Yalta, where he meets the founders of the Moscow Art Theater;

writes the story "Antonov apples".

1901 - A collection of poems "Leaf Fall" is published.

1903 - Bunin is awarded the Pushkin Prize for the translation of "The Song of Hiawatha" and for the collection "Falling Leaves".

1903–1904 – Travels in France, Italy and the Caucasus.

1905 - The only son of Ivan Bunin, Kolya, is dying.

1909 - Ivan Bunin receives the second Pushkin Prize for the book "Poems 1903 - 1906";

becomes an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1911 - The story "Dryland".

1917 – The writer lives in Moscow. He perceives the events of the February Revolution as the collapse of the state.

1918–1919 - "Cursed Days".

1924 - The Rose of Jericho.

1925 - "Mitya's love."

1927 - Sunstroke.

1929 - Bunin's book "Selected Poems" is published.

1927–1933 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is working on the novel "The Life of Arseniev."

1931 - God's tree.

1933 Ivan Bunin is awarded the Nobel Prize.

1950 - In the capital of France, Ivan Alekseevich publishes the book "Memoirs".

Option 2

1870 , October 10 (22) - was born in Voronezh in the old impoverished noble family of the Bunins. He spent his childhood on the Butyrka farm in the Oryol province.

1881 - enters the Yelets gymnasium, but, without completing four classes, continues his education under the guidance of his older brother Julius, an exiled Narodnaya Volya.

1887 - the first poems "The Village Beggar" and "Over the Grave of Nadson" are published in the patriotic newspaper "Motherland".

1889 - moves to Oryol, starts working as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, newspaper reporter.

1890 - Bunin, having studied English on his own, translates G. Longfellow's poem "The Song of Hiawatha".

1891 - in Orel, the collection “Poems of 1887–1891” is published.

1892 - Bunin, together with his common-law wife V.V. Pashchenko, moved to Poltava, where he served in the land municipal government. Bunin's articles, essays, stories appear in the local newspaper.
In 1892–94 Bunin's poems and stories begin to be published in the capital's magazines.

1893–1894 - Bunin is greatly influenced by Leo Tolstoy, who is perceived by him as a "demigod", the highest embodiment of artistic power and moral dignity; Bunin's religious-philosophical treatise "The Liberation of Tolstoy" (Paris, 1937) would later become the apotheosis of such an attitude.

1895 - Bunin leaves the service and leaves for St. Petersburg, then to Moscow, gets acquainted with N.K. Mikhailovsky, A.P. Chekhov, K.D. Balmont, V.Ya. Bryusov, V.G. Korolenko, A.I. Kuprin and others. Initially friendly relations with Balmont and Bryusov in the early 1900s. acquired a hostile character, and until the last years of his life, Bunin extremely sharply assessed the work and personality of these poets.

1897 - the release of Bunin's book "To the End of the World" and other stories.

1898 - poetry collection "Under the open sky".

1899 - acquaintance with M. Gorky, who attracts Bunin to cooperate in the publishing house "Knowledge". Friendly relations with Gorky would continue until 1917, and then be interrupted due to Bunin's rejection of political orientation and the activities of the revolutionary-minded Gorky.

1900 - the appearance in the press of the story "Antonov apples". In the same year, Bunin made a trip to Berlin, Paris, Switzerland.

1901 - the collection "Leaf Fall" is published, which received the Pushkin Prize.

1904 Traveling in France and Italy.

1906 - acquaintance with V.N. Muromtseva (1881–1961), future wife and author of the book “The Life of Bunin”.

1907 travel to Egypt, Syria, Palestine. The result of trips to the East is the cycle of essays “Temple of the Sun” (1907–1911)

1909 - The Academy of Sciences elects Bunin an honorary academician. During a trip to Italy, Bunin visits Gorky, who then lived on about. Capri.

1910 - Bunin's first big thing comes out, which has become an event in literary and social life - the story "The Village".

1912 - the collection “Sukhodol. Tales and Stories".
In the future, other collections were published (“John Rydalets. Stories and Poems 1912-1913”, 1913; “The Cup of Life. Stories 1913-1914”, 1915; “The Gentleman from San Francisco. Works 1915-1916.” , 1916).

1917 - Bunin takes the October Revolution with hostility. Writes a pamphlet diary "Cursed Days".

1920 - Bunin emigrates to France. Here he is in 1927–33. working on the novel "The Life of Arseniev".

1925–1927 - Bunin maintains a regular political and literary column in the Vozrozhdenie newspaper.
In the second half of the 1920s, Bunin experienced his "last love". She became the poetess Galina Nikolaevna Kuznetsova.

1933 , November 9 - Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize "for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated a typical Russian character in fiction."
By the end of the 30s. Bunin increasingly feels the dramatic nature of the break with the Motherland, avoids direct political statements about the USSR. Fascism in Germany and Italy is sharply condemned by him.

World War II period- Bunin in Grasse, in the south of France. Victory meets with great joy.

post-war period Bunin is returning to Paris. He is no longer a staunch opponent of the Soviet regime, but he does not recognize the changes that have taken place in Russia either. In Paris, Ivan Alekseevich visits the Soviet ambassador and gives an interview to the Soviet Patriot newspaper.
In recent years, he has been living in great lack of money, starving. During these years, Bunin created a cycle of short stories "Dark Alleys" (New York, 1943, in full - Paris, 1946), published a book about Leo Tolstoy ("Liberation of Tolstoy", Paris, 1937), "Memoirs" (Paris, 1950), etc.

1953 November 8 - Ivan Alekseevich Bunin dies in Paris, becomes the first emigration writer, who in 1954 begins to be published again in his homeland.

Option 3

870 10 October. Born in Voronezh in the family of Alexei Nikolaevich and Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Bunin.

1881-1886 Studying at the Yelets Gymnasium.

1887 First publication - a poem “Over the grave of S.Ya. Nadson" in the magazine "Motherland".

1889 Moved to Orel; met V.V. Pashchenko, who became his wife (the family soon broke up).

1891 The first book “Poems. 1887-1891".

1894 Met with L.N. Tolstoy.

1895-1898 Moved to Petersburg. The collections “To the End of the World” and Other Stories”, “Under the Open Sky” were published. Married A.N. Tsakni, soon the family broke up.

1900 The story "Antonov apples" was published. 1902-1909 First collected works in five volumes. 1903 Award of the Pushkin Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences for the collection of poems Falling Leaves (1901) and the translation of The Song of Hiawatha (1896) by G. Longfellow.

1906-1907 He married V.N. Muromtseva. Trip to Egypt, Syria, Palestine.

1911-1916 The collections Sukhodol, John Rydalets, Complete Works in six volumes were published.

1920 Emigrated to France. In exile, the books Rose of Jericho (1924), Sunstroke (1927), God's Tree (1931) were published; novel "The Life of Arseniev" (1927-1933).

1933 Nobel Prize awarded.

1939-1945 The stories that made up the book "Dark Alleys" were created.

1953 -> 8 November. I.A. Bunin died in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Full biography of Bunin I. A.

Option 1

Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was born on October 22 (October 10, old style) 1870 in Voronezh into a noble family. The childhood of the future writer passed on the Butyrka farm in the Yelets district of the Oryol province. in his works are traced by a clear line.

In 1881, Ivan Bunin entered the Yelets Gymnasium, but studied for only five years, as the family had no money. His older brother Julius (1857–1921) helped him master the gymnasium program.

Bunin wrote his first poem at the age of eight.

His first publication was the poem "Over Nadson's Grave", published in the Rodina newspaper in February 1887. During the year, several poems by Bunin appeared in the same publication, as well as the stories “Two Wanderers” and “Nefedka”.

In September 1888, Bunin's poems appeared in the Books of the Week, where the works of the writers Leo Tolstoy and Yakov Polonsky were published.

In the spring of 1889, the independent life of the writer began - Bunin, following his brother Julius, moved to Kharkov. Since autumn, he began to work in the newspaper Orlovsky Vestnik.

In 1891, his student book “Poems. 1887-1891". Then Ivan Bunin met Varvara Pashchenko, a newspaper proofreader, with whom they began to live in a civil marriage, without getting married, since Varvara's parents were against this marriage.

In 1892 they moved to Poltava, where brother Julius was in charge of the statistical bureau of the provincial zemstvo. Ivan Bunin entered the service of a zemstvo council librarian, and then a statistician in the provincial council. At various times he worked as a proofreader, statistician, librarian, newspaper reporter.

In April 1894, Bunin's first prose work appeared in print - the story "A Village Sketch" (the title was chosen by the publisher).

In January 1895, after the betrayal of his wife, Bunin left the service and moved first to St. Petersburg, and then to Moscow. In 1898, he married Anna Tsakni, a Greek woman, daughter of the revolutionary and emigrant Nikolai Tsakni. In 1900, the couple separated, and in 1905 their son Nikolai died.

In Moscow, the young writer met many famous poets and writers - Anton Chekhov, Valery Bryusov. After meeting Nikolai Teleshov, Bunin became a member of the literary circle "Wednesday". In the spring of 1899, in Yalta, he met Maxim Gorky, who later invited him to collaborate with the Znanie publishing house.
Literary fame came to Ivan Bunin in 1900 after the publication of the story “Antonov apples”.

In 1901, the symbolist publishing house "Scorpion" published a collection of poems "Falling Leaves". For this collection and for the translation of the poem “Song of Hiawatha” (1896) by the American romantic poet Henry Longfellow, Ivan Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

In 1902, the Znanie publishing house published the first volume of the writer's works.

In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, who came from a noble professorial Moscow family, who became his wife. The Bunin couple traveled a lot. In 1907, the young couple went on a trip to the countries of the East - Syria, Egypt, Palestine. In 1910 they visited Europe and then to Egypt and Ceylon. From the autumn of 1912 to the spring of 1913 they were in Turkey and Romania, from 1913 to 1914 - in Capri in Italy.

In the fall of 1909, the Academy of Sciences awarded Bunin the second Pushkin Prize and elected him an honorary academician in the category of fine literature.

In the works written after the first Russian revolution of 1905, the theme of the drama of Russian historical fate became dominant. The stories The Village (1910) and Sukhodol (1912) were a great success with readers.

In 1915-1916, collections of short stories by the writer "The Cup of Life" and "The Gentleman from San Francisco" were published. In the prose of these years, the writer's idea of ​​the tragedy of the life of the world, of the doom and fratricidal nature of modern civilization is expanding.

Ivan Bunin was extremely hostile to the February and October revolutions of 1917 and perceived them as a catastrophe. The diary of events in the life of the country and the writer's thoughts at that time was the book of journalism "Cursed Days" (1918).

On May 21, 1918, he left Moscow for Odessa, and in February 1920 he emigrated first to the Balkans and then to France. In France, at first he lived in Paris, but from the summer of 1923 he moved to the Alpes-Maritimes and came to Paris only for some winter months.

Here he turned to the intimate, lyrical memories of his youth. The novel "The Life of Arseniev" (1930) closed the cycle of artistic autobiographies connected with the life of the Russian landed nobility. One of the central places in Bunin's later work was occupied by the theme of fatal love-passion, expressed in the works "Mitina's Love" (1925), "Sunstroke" (1927), the cycle of short stories "Dark Alleys" (1943).

In 1927-1930, Bunin turned to the short story genre (“Elephant”, “Calf's Head”, “Roosters”, etc.).

In 1933, he became the first Russian writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature “for the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in fictional prose the typical Russian character.”

In 1939, with the outbreak of World War II (1939-1945), the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse, at the Villa Jeannette, and in 1945 they returned to Paris.

In the last years of his life, the writer stopped publishing his works. Many and seriously ill, wrote "Memoirs" (1950), worked on the book "About Chekhov", published posthumously in 1955 in New York.

In the "Literary Testament" he asked to print his works only in the latest author's edition, which formed the basis of his 12-volume collected works, published by the Berlin publishing house "Petropolis" in 1934-1939.

On November 8, 1953, Ivan Bunin died in Paris. He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Option 2

Bunin was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh. He belonged to an ancient but impoverished family that gave Russia Vasily Zhukovsky, the illegitimate son of the landowner Afanasy Bunin. Ivan Bunin's father, Alexei Nikolaevich, fought in the Crimea in his youth, then he lived on his estate in the usual, many times described landlord life - hunting, welcoming guests, drinking and cards. His carelessness eventually brought the family to the brink of ruin.

All household chores lay on the shoulders of the mother, Lyudmila Alexandrovna Chubarova, a quiet, devout woman, five of whose nine children died in infancy. The death of his beloved sister Sasha seemed to little Vanya a terrible injustice, and he forever ceased to believe in the good God, whom both his mother and the church spoke about.

Three years after Vanya's birth, the family moved to Butyrka's grandfather's estate in the Oryol province. “Here, in the deepest field silence,” the writer later recalled about the beginning of his biography, “my childhood passed, full of sad and peculiar poetry.” His childhood impressions were reflected in the autobiographical novel "The Life of Arseniev", which Bunin himself considered his main book.

He noted that he acquired amazing sensitivity early: “My vision was such that I saw all seven stars in the Pleiades, heard the whistle of a marmot in the evening field a mile away, got drunk, smelling the smell of a lily of the valley or an old book.” Parents paid little attention to their son, and his tutor was his brother Julius, who graduated from the university, managed to participate in the revolutionary circles of the Chernoperedel, for which he spent a year in prison and was expelled from Moscow for three years.

In 1881, Bunin entered the Yelets Gymnasium. He studied average, and from the sixth grade he was expelled for non-payment - the family's affairs became very bad. The estate in Butyrki was sold, and the family moved to neighboring Ozerki, where Ivan had to finish the gymnasium course as an external student, under the guidance of his older brother. “Not even a year has passed,” said Julius, “how he grew so mentally that I could already talk with him almost as an equal on many topics.” In addition to studying languages, philosophy, psychology, social and natural sciences, Ivan, thanks to his brother, a writer and journalist, was especially interested in literature.

At the age of 16, Ivan Bunin began to "write poetry with particular zeal" and "wrote a lot of paper" before he decided to send the poem to the Rodina magazine in the capital. To his surprise, it was printed. He will always remember the delight with which he came from the post office with a fresh issue of the magazine, constantly rereading his poems. They were dedicated to the memory of the fashionable poet Nadson, who died of consumption.

Weak, frankly imitative verses did not stand out among hundreds of their kind. Many years passed before Bunin's true talent manifested itself in poetry. Until the end of his life, he himself considered himself primarily a poet and was very angry when friends said that his works were exquisite, but old-fashioned - "now nobody writes like that." He really avoided any newfangled trends, remaining true to the tradition of the XIX century

Early, barely visible dawn, The heart of sixteen years.
The drowsy haze of the garden With lime light of warmth.
Quiet and mysterious house With the ultimate cherished window.
A curtain in the window, and behind it the Sun of my universe.

This is a memory of the very first youthful love for Emilia Fekhner (the prototype of Ankhen in The Life of Arseniev), a young governess of the daughters of O.K. Tubbe, distiller of the landowner Bakhtiyarov. Tubba's stepdaughter, Nastya, was married in 1885 by the writer's brother Eugene. Young Bunin was so carried away by Emilia that Tubbe considered it good to send her back home.

Soon from Ozerki, having received the consent of his parents, the young poet also went into adulthood. At parting, the mother blessed her son, whom she considered “special from all her children”, with a generic icon depicting the meal of the Three Wanderers with Abraham. It was, as Bunin wrote in one of his diaries, "a shrine that connects me with a tender and reverent bond with my family, with the world where my cradle, my childhood." The 18-year-old young man left his home as an almost fully formed person, “with a certain life baggage - knowledge of the real people, and not fictional, with knowledge of small-scale life, the village intelligentsia, with a very subtle sense of nature, almost a connoisseur of the Russian language, literature, with heart open to love.

He met love in Orel. 19-year-old Bunin settled there after long wanderings in the Crimea and southern Russia. Having settled down in the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper, he became friends with the young daughter of a doctor, Varya Pashchenko - she worked as a proofreader in the same newspaper. With the money of their brother Julius, they rented an apartment in Poltava, where they lived in a civil marriage - Father Varya was against the wedding. Three years later, Dr. Pashchenko, seeing Bunin's boundless passion, nevertheless gave his permission for marriage, but Varya hid her father's letter. She preferred the poor writer to his wealthy friend Arseny Bibikov. “Ah, to hell with them,” Bunin wrote to his brother, “here, obviously, 200 acres of a country land played a role.”

Since 1895, Bunin left the service and, having moved to Moscow, devoted himself entirely to literature, earning money with poetry and short stories. His idol of those years was Leo Tolstoy, and he even went to the count to ask for advice on how to live. Gradually, he became a member of the editorial offices of literary magazines, met famous writers, even became friends with Chekhov and learned a lot from him. He was appreciated by both realists-populists and innovators-symbolists, but neither of them considered "their own".

He himself was more inclined towards realists and constantly visited the “environments” of the writer Teleshov, where Gorky, the Wanderer, Leonid Andreev visited. In summer - Yalta with Chekhov and Stanyukovich and Lustdorf near Odessa with writers Fedorov and Kuprin. “This beginning of my new life was the darkest spiritual time, internally the most dead time of all my youth, although outwardly I lived then in a very diverse, sociable way, in public, so as not to be alone with myself.”

In Lustdorf, Bunin, unexpectedly for everyone, even for himself, married 19-year-old Anna Tsakni. She was the daughter of an Odessa Greek publisher, the owner of the Southern Review newspaper, with which Bunin collaborated. They got married after a few days of dating. “At the end of June, he went to Lustdorf to Fedorov. Kuprin, Kartashevs, then Tsakni, who lived in a dacha at the 7th station. Suddenly made an offer in the evening,” Bunin wrote in his diary in 1898.

He was fascinated by her large black eyes and enigmatic silence. After the wedding, it turned out that Anya was very talkative. Together with her mother, she mercilessly scolded her husband for lack of money and frequent absences. Less than a year later, they broke up with Anna, two years later this "vaudeville" marriage broke up. Their son Nicholas, who was born to them, died of scarlet fever at the age of five. Unlike Varvara Pashchenko, Anna Tsakni left no traces in Bunin's work. Barbara can also be recognized in Lika from The Life of Arseniev, and in many heroines of Dark Alleys.

The first success in his creative biography came to Bunin in 1903. For the collection of poems Falling Leaves, he received the Pushkin Prize, the highest award of the Academy of Sciences.

Recognized by critics and his prose. The story "Antonov apples" secured the title of "singer of noble nests" for the writer, although he portrayed the life of the Russian village by no means benevolently and was not inferior in terms of "bitter truth" to Gorky himself. In 1906, at a literary evening with the writer Zaitsev, where Bunin read his poems, he met Vera Muromtseva, the niece of the chairman of the first State Duma. "A quiet young lady with Leonard's eyes" immediately attracted Bunin. Here is how Vera Nikolaevna told about their meeting:

“I stopped in thought: should I go home? Bunin appeared at the door. "How did you get here?" - he asked. I was angry, but calmly replied: "Just like you." - "But who are you?" -"Human". - "What do you do?" - “Chemistry. I study at the natural faculty of the Higher Women's Courses. “But where else can I see you?” “Only at our house. We accept on Saturdays. The rest of the days I'm very busy." After listening to talk about the dissolute life of people of art,

Vera Nikolaevna was frankly afraid of the writer. Nevertheless, she could not resist his persistent courtship and in the same 1906 she became “Madam Bunina”, although they were only able to officially register their marriage in July 1922 in France.

On their honeymoon, they went to the East for a long time - to Egypt, Palestine, Syria. We got in our wanderings to Ceylon itself. Travel routes were not planned in advance. Bunin was so happy with Vera Nikolaevna that he admitted that he would quit writing: “But my business is gone - I’m sure I won’t write anymore ... A poet should not be happy, he should live alone, and the better for him, the worse for writing. The better you are, the worse ... ”- he said to his wife. “In that case, I will try to be as bad as possible,” she joked.

Nevertheless, the next decade was the most fruitful in the writer's work. He was awarded another prize of the Academy of Sciences and was elected its honorary academician. “Just at the hour when a telegram arrived with congratulations to Ivan Alekseevich in connection with his election to the academician in the category of fine literature,” Vera Bunina said, “the Bibikovs dined with us. Bunin did not have a bad feeling for Arseny, they even, one might say, were friends. Bibikova got up from the table, was pale, but calm. A minute later, separately and dryly, she said: “Congratulations.”

After a "sharp foreign slap in the face," as he called his travels, Bunin was no longer afraid to "exaggerate." The First World War did not cause him a patriotic upsurge. He saw the weakness of the country, was afraid of its death. In 1916 he wrote many poems, including these:

Here the rye burns, the grain flows.
But who will reap, knit?
Here the smoke is burning, the alarm is buzzing.
But who dares to pour?
Here the demoniac army will rise, and like Mamai, all of Rus' will pass ...
But the world is empty - who will save? But there is no God - who should be punished?

Soon this prophecy was fulfilled. After the start of the revolution, Bunin and his family left the Oryol estate for Moscow, from where he watched with bitterness the death of everything that was dear to him. These observations were reflected in a diary published later under the title "Cursed Days". Bunin considered the culprits of the revolution not only the “possessed” Bolsheviks, but also the beautiful-hearted intelligentsia. “It was not the people who started the revolution, but you. The people did not care at all about everything we wanted, what we were unhappy with ...

Even helping the starving was somehow literary in our country, only out of a thirst to once again kick the government, to bring an extra dig under it. It is terrible to say, but it is true: if there were no national disasters, thousands of intellectuals would be downright miserable people: how then to sit, protest, what to shout and write about?

In May 1918, Bunin and his wife with difficulty got out of hungry Moscow to Odessa, where they survived the change of many authorities. In January 1920 they fled to Constantinople. In Russia, Bunin was no longer holding - his parents died, his brother Julius was dying, former friends became enemies or left the country even earlier. Leaving his homeland on the ship Sparta overloaded with refugees, Bunin felt like the last inhabitant of the sunken Atlantis.

In the autumn of 1920, Bunin arrived in Paris and immediately set to work. Ahead were 33 years of emigration, during which he created ten books of prose. Bunin's old friend Zaitsev wrote: “The exile even benefited him. It sharpened the sense of Russia, irrevocable, and thickened the previously strong juice of his poetry.

Europeans also learned about the phenomenon of new talent.

In 1921, a collection of short stories by Bunin, The Gentleman from San Francisco, was published in French. The Paris press was filled with responses: “a real Russian talent”, “bleeding, uneven, but courageous and truthful”, “one of the greatest Russian writers”. Thomas Mann and Romain Rolland, who in 1922 first nominated Bunin as a candidate for the Nobel Prize, were delighted with the stories. However, the tone in the culture of that time was set by the avant-garde, with which the writer did not want to have anything in common.

He never became a world celebrity, but the emigration read him avidly. Yes, and how could one not burst into nostalgic tears from such lines: “And a minute later, glasses and wine glasses appeared in front of us, bottles of multi-colored vodkas, pink salmon, swarthy-skinned balyk, blue with shells opened on ice fragments, an orange chester square, black shiny a lump of pressed caviar, a tub of champagne white and sweaty from the cold ... We started with peppercorns ... "

Past feasts seemed even more abundant in comparison with the poverty of the emigrants. Bunin published a lot, but his existence was far from idyllic. Reminiscent of his age, the Parisian winter dampness caused bouts of rheumatism. He and his wife decided to go south for the winter and in 1922 they rented a villa in the town of Grasse with the magnificent name "Belvedere". There, their guests were the leading emigration writers - Merezhkovsky, Gippius, Zaitsev, Khodasevich and Nina Berberova.

Mark Aldanov and Bunin's secretary, writer Andrei Tsvibak (Sedykh) lived here for a long time. Bunin willingly helped needy fellow countrymen from his poor means. In 1926, a young writer Galina Kuznetsova came to visit him from Paris. Soon a romance began between them. Thin, delicate, understanding everything, Vera Nikolaevna wanted to think that love experiences were necessary for her "Yan" for a new creative upsurge.

Soon the triangle in the Belvedere turned into a quadrangle - this happened when the writer Leonid Zurov, who settled in the Bunin house, began to look after Vera Nikolaevna. The complex ups and downs of their relationship became the subject of emigrant gossip, got into the pages of memoirs. Endless quarrels and reconciliations spoiled a lot of blood for all four, and Zurov was completely driven to madness. However, this "autumn romance", which lasted for 15 years, inspired all of Bunin's later work, including the novel "The Life of Arseniev" and the collection of love stories "Dark Alleys".

This would not have happened if Galina Kuznetsova had been an empty-headed beauty - she also became a real assistant for the writer. In her Grasse Diary, one can read: “I am happy that each chapter of his novel was previously, as it were, experienced by both of us in long conversations.” The novel ended unexpectedly - in 1942, Galina became interested in the opera singer Marga Stepun. Bunin could not find a place for himself, exclaiming: “How she poisoned my life - she still poisons me!”

In the midst of the novel, news came that Bunin had been awarded the Nobel Prize. The entire Russian emigration took it as their triumph. In Stockholm, Bunin was met by the king and queen, descendants of Alfred Nobel, dressed up society ladies. And he looked only at the deep white snow, which he had not seen since his departure from Russia, and dreamed of running through it like a boy ... At the ceremony, he said that for the first time in history the prize was awarded to an exile who did not stand behind his country. The country, through the mouths of its diplomats, persistently protested against the presentation of the award to the "White Guard".

The prize of that year was 150 thousand francs, but Bunin very quickly distributed them to the petitioners. During the war years, he hid in Grasse, where the Germans did not reach, several Jewish writers who were threatened with death. About that time he wrote: “We live badly, very badly. Well, we eat frozen potatoes. Or some water with something vile floating in it, some kind of carrot. It's called soup... We live in a commune. Six persons. And no one has a penny for the soul. Despite the hardships, Bunin rejected all the offers of the Germans to go to their service. Hatred of the Soviet regime was temporarily forgotten - like other emigrants, he closely followed the events at the front, moving the flags on the map of Europe that hung in his office.

In the autumn of 1944, France was liberated, and Bunin and his wife returned to Paris. On a wave of euphoria, he visited the Soviet embassy and said there that he was proud of his country's victory. The news spread that he drank to Stalin's health. Many Russian Parisians recoiled from him. But the visits of Soviet writers to him began, through which proposals to return to the USSR were transmitted. He was promised royal conditions, better than those that Alexei Tolstoy had. The writer answered one of the tempters: “I have nowhere to return. There are no more places or people that I knew.

The flirtation of the Soviet authorities with the writer ended after the release of his book "Dark Alleys" in New York. They saw almost pornography. He complained to Irina Odoevtseva: “I consider “Dark Alleys” to be the best thing I have written, and they, idiots, think that I have dishonored my gray hairs with them ... Pharisees do not understand that this is a new word, a new approach to life. Life has put the dots - detractors have long been forgotten, and "Dark Alleys" remains one of the most lyrical books in Russian literature, a true encyclopedia of love.

In November 1952, Bunin wrote the last poem, and in May of the following year he made the last entry in his diary: “It is still amazing to the point of tetanus! After some, a very short time, I will not be - and the deeds and fates of everything, everything will be unknown to me! At two o'clock in the morning from November 7 to 8, 1953, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died in a rented apartment in Paris in the presence of his wife and his last secretary Alexei Bakhrakh.

He worked until his last days - the manuscript of a book about Chekhov remained on the table. All the major newspapers carried obituaries, and even the Soviet Pravda published a short report: "The émigré writer Ivan Bunin died in Paris." He was buried in the Russian cemetery of Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, and seven years later Vera Nikolaevna found her last shelter next to him. By that time, Bunin's works, after 40 years of oblivion, began to be published again in their homeland. His dream came true - compatriots were able to see and recognize the Russia he saved, which has long sunk into history.

Option 3

The first Russian Nobel laureate Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is called a jeweler of the word, a prose writer-painter, a genius of Russian literature and the brightest representative of the Silver Age. Literary critics agree that in Bunin's works there is a kinship with paintings, and in terms of attitude, the stories and novels of Ivan Alekseevich are similar to the canvases of Mikhail Vrubel.

Childhood and youth

Ivan Bunin's contemporaries argue that the writer felt "breed", innate aristocracy. There is nothing to be surprised: Ivan Alekseevich is a representative of the oldest noble family, rooted in the 15th century. The Bunin family coat of arms is included in the coat of arms of the noble families of the Russian Empire. Among the writer's ancestors is Vasily Zhukovsky, the founder of romanticism, the writer of ballads and poems.

Ivan Alekseevich was born in October 1870 in Voronezh, in the family of a poor nobleman and petty official Alexei Bunin, married to his cousin Lyudmila Chubarova, a meek but impressionable woman. She bore her husband nine children, of whom four survived.

The family moved to Voronezh 4 years before the birth of Ivan to educate their eldest sons Yuli and Evgeny. They settled in a rented apartment on Bolshaya Dvoryanskaya Street. When Ivan was four years old, his parents returned to the Butyrka family estate in the Oryol province. Bunin spent his childhood on the farm.

The love of reading was instilled in the boy by his tutor, a student of Moscow University, Nikolai Romashkov. At home, Ivan Bunin studied languages, focusing on Latin. The first books of the future writer that he read on his own were Homer's Odyssey and a collection of English poems.

In the summer of 1881, Ivan's father brought him to Yelets. The youngest son passed the exams and entered the 1st grade of the male gymnasium. Bunin liked to study, but this did not apply to the exact sciences. In a letter to his older brother, Vanya admitted that he considers the math exam "the most terrible." After 5 years, Ivan Bunin was expelled from the gymnasium in the middle of the school year. The 16-year-old boy came to his father's estate Ozerki for the Christmas holidays, but never returned to Yelets. For non-appearance at the gymnasium, the teachers' council expelled the guy. Ivan's elder brother Julius took up further education.

Literature

Ivan Bunin's creative biography began in Ozerki. In the estate, he continued to work on the novel “Passion” begun in Yelets, but the work did not reach the reader. But the poem of the young writer, written under the impression of the death of an idol - the poet Semyon Nadson - was published in the Rodina magazine.

In his father's estate, with the help of his brother, Ivan Bunin prepared for the final exams, passed them and received a matriculation certificate.

From the autumn of 1889 to the summer of 1892, Ivan Bunin worked in the journal Orlovsky Vestnik, where his stories, poems and literary criticism were published. In August 1892, Julius called his brother to Poltava, where he got Ivan a job as a librarian in the provincial government.

In January 1894, the writer visited Moscow, where he met with a congenial Leo Tolstoy. Like Lev Nikolaevich, Bunin criticizes urban civilization. In the stories "Antonov apples", "Epitaph" and "New road" nostalgic notes for the passing era are guessed, regret for the degenerating nobility is felt.

In 1897, Ivan Bunin published the book "To the End of the World" in St. Petersburg. A year earlier he had translated Henry Longfellow's poem The Song of Hiawatha. Bunin's translation included poems by Alcaeus, Saadi, Francesco Petrarch, Adam Mickiewicz, and George Byron.

In 1898, Ivan Alekseevich's poetry collection Under the Open Sky was published in Moscow, warmly received by literary critics and readers. Two years later, Bunin presented poetry lovers with a second book of poems - Falling Leaves, which strengthened the author's authority as a "poet of the Russian landscape." Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1903 awards Ivan Bunin the first Pushkin Prize, followed by the second.

But in the poetic environment, Ivan Bunin earned a reputation as an "old-fashioned landscape painter." In the late 1890s, “fashionable” poets Valery Bryusov, who brought the “breath of city streets” to Russian lyrics, and Alexander Blok with his restless heroes became favorites. Maximilian Voloshin, in a review of Bunin's Poems, wrote that Ivan Alekseevich found himself aloof "from the general movement", but from the point of view of painting, his poetic "canvases" reached "the end points of perfection." Critics call the poems “I Remember a Long Winter Evening” and “Evening” as examples of perfection and adherence to the classics.

Ivan Bunin, the poet, does not accept symbolism and critically looks at the revolutionary events of 1905-1907, calling himself "a witness to the great and vile." In 1910, Ivan Alekseevich published the story "The Village", which marked the beginning of "a whole series of works that sharply depict the Russian soul." The continuation of the series is the story "Dry Valley" and the stories "Strength", "Good Life", "Prince in Princes", "Sand Shoes".

In 1915, Ivan Bunin was at the peak of his popularity. His famous stories "The Gentleman from San Francisco", "Grammar of Love", "Easy Breath" and "Chang's Dreams" are published. In 1917, the writer leaves revolutionary Petrograd, avoiding the "terrible proximity of the enemy." Bunin lived in Moscow for six months, from there in May 1918 he left for Odessa, where he wrote the diary "Cursed Days" - a furious denunciation of the revolution and the Bolshevik government.

It is dangerous for a writer who criticizes the new government so fiercely to remain in the country. In January 1920, Ivan Alekseevich leaves Russia. He leaves for Constantinople, and in March he ends up in Paris. A collection of short stories called "The Gentleman from San Francisco" was published here, which the public greets enthusiastically.

From the summer of 1923, Ivan Bunin lived at the Belvedere villa in ancient Grasse, where Sergei Rachmaninov visited him. During these years, the stories "Initial Love", "Numbers", "The Rose of Jericho" and "Mitina's Love" were published.

In 1930, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story "The Shadow of a Bird" and completed the most significant work created in exile - the novel "The Life of Arseniev." The description of the hero's experiences is covered with sadness about the departed Russia, "who died before our eyes in such a magically short time."

In the late 1930s, Ivan Bunin moved to the Jeannette Villa, where he lived during the Second World War. The writer was worried about the fate of his homeland and joyfully met the news about the slightest victory of the Soviet troops. Bunin lived in poverty. He wrote about his predicament:

“I was rich - now, by the will of fate, I suddenly became poor ... I was famous all over the world - now no one in the world needs ... I really want to go home!”

The villa was dilapidated: the heating system did not function, there were interruptions in electricity and water supply. Ivan Alekseevich told his friends in letters about the "cave continuous hunger." In order to get at least a small amount, Bunin asked a friend who had left for America to publish the collection Dark Alleys on any terms. The book in Russian with a circulation of 600 copies was published in 1943, for which the writer received $300. The collection includes the story "Clean Monday". The last masterpiece of Ivan Bunin - the poem "Night" - was published in 1952.

Researchers of the prose writer's work have noticed that his novels and stories are cinematic. For the first time, a Hollywood producer spoke about the film adaptation of Ivan Bunin's works, expressing a desire to make a film based on the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco." But it ended with a conversation.

Ivan Bunin is rightfully famous not only in Russia, but all over the world. He left an indelible mark on the history of literature, and his works have been translated into many languages. To this day, Bunin is considered one of the pillars of classical Russian prose, although, it must be admitted, his poems and other poetic works are in no way inferior to his own stories and novels.

Interesting facts about Ivan Bunin.

1. Ivan Bunin became a Nobel laureate for his services to the development of Russian prose. The writer was handed a check for the equivalent of 715,000 francs. Of these, he distributed about 120 thousand francs to those in need who turned to him for help.
2. Ivan Bunin and his life inspired Alexei Uchitel to create the film "His Wife's Diary". The picture was warmly received by critics and received several festival awards.
3. Ivan Bunin had 8 brothers and sisters, but five of them died in childhood.
4. While studying at the men's gymnasium, the future writer rented a corner from a cemetery sculptor.
5. Ivan Bunin found it difficult to study mathematics, and he did not like this subject.
6. From 1920 until his death in 1953, Ivan Bunin lived in France, as he categorically refused to put up with the advent of Soviet power. The great Russian writer rests in the Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois cemetery.
7. During the war, Bunin received many offers of cooperation from publishing houses located in the occupied territories. The writer invariably refused, despite the disastrous financial situation.
8. Ivan Bunin had an emigrant passport, but after the war, due to his age, he never returned to his native country and died a stateless man.
9. Before his death, Bunin wanted to listen to Anton Chekhov's letters - his wife read aloud to him.
10. The collection of stories by Ivan Bunin "Dark Alleys", which is now included in the school literature curriculum, was criticized by many of his contemporaries for the abundance of erotic scenes.
11. In early childhood, Bunin was poisoned by henbane, but he was saved - the nanny gave the boy fresh milk to drink, which neutralized the poison.
12. Bunin was amused by the definition of a person's appearance by his head, arms and legs.
13. Ivan Bunin collected medicine bottles and vials.
14. Bunin had an inexplicable dislike for the letter "f".
15. The writer was very superstitious - for example, he never joined the diners if he was the 13th guest.
16. Bunin could make a career in the theater - thanks to his lively facial expressions, he was offered to play the role of Hamlet on the professional stage.
17. Bunin became the first émigré writer whose books began to be published in the USSR - Soviet readers saw his creations already in the 1950s.
18. Bunin was awarded the title of Righteous Among the Nations for his help to Jews during the war.
19. For about 10 years, Ivan Bunin lived in the same house with his wife and mistress, a young poetess.
20. Bunin did not leave a single heir - his only son Nikolai, born by his first wife, died at the age of 5 from meningitis.
21. Ivan Bunin was a distant relative of the son of another great writer - Alexander Pushkin.

The name of the writer Ivan Bunin is well known not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders. Thanks to his own works, the first Russian laureate in the field of literature earned world fame during his lifetime! To better understand what this person was guided by when creating his unique masterpieces, one should study the biography of Ivan Bunin and his view of many things in life.

Brief biographical sketches from early childhood

The future great writer was born back in 1870, on October 22. Voronezh became his homeland. Bunin's family was not rich: his father became an impoverished landowner, so from early childhood, little Vanya experienced many material deprivations.

The biography of Ivan Bunin is very unusual, and this manifested itself from the earliest period of his life. Even in childhood, he was very proud of the fact that he was born into a noble family. At the same time, Vanya tried not to focus on material difficulties.

As evidenced by the biography of Ivan Bunin, in 1881 he entered the first class. Ivan Alekseevich began his schooling at the Yelets Gymnasium. However, due to the difficult financial situation of his parents, he was forced to leave school already in 1886 and continue to learn the basics of science at home. It is thanks to studying at home that young Vanya gets acquainted with the work of such famous writers as A. V. Koltsov and I. S. Nikitin.

A number of the beginning of Bunin's career

Ivan Bunin began writing his very first poems at the age of 17. It was then that he made his creative debut, which turned out to be very successful. No wonder the print media published the works of the young author. But then their editors could hardly have imagined how stunning successes in the field of literature awaited Bunin in the future!

At the age of 19, Ivan Alekseevich moved to Orel and got a job in a newspaper with the eloquent title "Orlovsky Vestnik".

In 1903 and 1909, Ivan Bunin, whose biography is presented to the reader's attention in the article, is awarded the Pushkin Prize. And on November 1, 1909, he was elected an honorary academician to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which specialized in refined literature.

Important events from personal life

The personal life of Ivan Bunin is replete with many interesting points that you should pay attention to. In the life of a great writer, there were 4 women for whom he had tender feelings. And each of them played a certain role in his fate! Let's pay attention to each of them:

1. Varvara Pashchenko - Bunin Ivan Alekseevich met her at the age of 19. This happened in the building of the editorial office of the Orlovsky Vestnik newspaper. But with Varvara, who was one year older than him, Ivan Alekseevich lived in a civil marriage. Difficulties in their relationship began due to the fact that Bunin simply could not provide her with the material standard of living that she aspired to. As a result, Varvara Pashchenko cheated on him with a wealthy landowner.
2. Anna Tsakni in 1898 became the legal wife of a famous Russian writer. He met her in Odessa during the holidays and was simply struck by her natural beauty. However, family life quickly cracked due to the fact that Anna Tsakni always dreamed of returning to her hometown - Odessa. Therefore, the whole Moscow life was a burden for her, and she accused her husband of indifference to her and callousness.
3. Vera Muromtseva is the beloved woman of Bunin Ivan Alekseevich, with whom he lived the longest - 46 years. They formalized their relationship only in 1922 - 16 years after they met. And Ivan Alekseevich met his future wife in 1906, during a literary evening. After the wedding, the writer and his wife moved to live in the southern part of France.
4. Galina Kuznetsova lived next to the writer's wife - Vera Muromtseva - and was not at all embarrassed by this fact, however, like Ivan Alekseevich's wife herself. In total, she lived for 10 years in a French villa.

Political views of the writer

The political views of many people had a significant impact on public opinion. Therefore, certain newspaper publications devoted a lot of time to them.

Even despite the fact that, to a greater extent, Ivan Alekseevich had to do his own work outside of Russia, he always loved his homeland and understood the meaning of the word "patriot". However, Bunin was alien to belonging to any particular party. But in one of his interviews, the writer once mentioned that the idea of ​​a social democratic system is closer to him in spirit.

Personal life tragedy

In 1905, Bunin Ivan Alekseevich experienced a heavy grief: his son Nikolai, whom Anna Tsakni bore to him, died. This fact can definitely be attributed to the personal life tragedy of the writer. However, as follows from the biography, Ivan Bunin held firm, was able to endure the pain of loss and give, despite such a sad event, many literary "pearls" to the whole world! What else is known about the life of the Russian classic?

Ivan Bunin: interesting facts from life

Bunin very much regretted that he graduated from only 4 classes of the gymnasium and could not receive a systematic education. But this fact did not at all prevent him from leaving a considerable mark in the world's literary work.

For a long period of time, Ivan Alekseevich had to stay in exile. And all this time he dreamed of returning to his homeland. Bunin actually cherished this dream until his death, but it remained unrealizable.

At the age of 17, when he wrote his first poem, Ivan Bunin tried to imitate his great predecessors - Pushkin and Lermontov. Perhaps their work had a great influence on the young writer and became an incentive to create his own works.

Now, few people know that in early childhood, the writer Ivan Bunin was poisoned by henbane. Then his nanny saved him from certain death, who gave little Vanya milk to drink in time.

The writer tried to determine the appearance of a person by the limbs, as well as the back of the head.

Bunin Ivan Alekseevich was passionate about collecting various boxes, as well as bottles. At the same time, he fiercely guarded all his “exhibits” for many years!

These and other interesting facts characterize Bunin as an extraordinary person, able not only to realize his talent in the field of literature, but also to take an active part in many fields of activity.

Famous collections and works of Bunin Ivan Alekseevich

The largest works that Ivan Bunin managed to write in his life are the stories "Mitina Lyubov", "Village", "Sukhodol", as well as the novel "Arseniev's Life". It was for the novel that Ivan Alekseevich was awarded the Nobel Prize.

The collection of Ivan Alekseevich Bunin "Dark Alleys" is very interesting for the reader. It contains stories that touch on the theme of love. The writer worked on them in the period from 1937 to 1945, that is, exactly when he was in exile.

Also highly appreciated are the samples of Ivan Bunin's work, which were included in the collection "Cursed Days". It describes the revolutionary events of 1917 and the whole historical aspect that they carried in themselves.

Popular poems by Ivan Alekseevich Bunin

In each of his poems, Bunin clearly expressed certain thoughts. For example, in the famous work "Childhood" the reader gets acquainted with the thoughts of the child with regards to the world around him. A ten-year-old boy reflects on how majestic nature is around and how small and insignificant he is in this universe.

In the verse “Night and Day,” the poet masterfully describes the different times of the day and emphasizes that everything is gradually changing in human life, and only God remains eternal.

The nature in the work “Rafts” is interestingly described, as well as the hard work of those who ferry people to the opposite bank of the river every day.

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize was awarded to Ivan Bunin for his novel "The Life of Arseniev", which actually told about the life of the writer himself. Despite the fact that this book was published in 1930, Ivan Alekseevich tried to “pour out his soul” and his feelings about certain life situations in it.

Officially, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Bunin on December 10, 1933 - that is, 3 years after the release of his famous novel. He received this honorary award from the hands of the Swedish king Gustav V himself.

It is noteworthy that for the first time in history, the Nobel Prize was awarded to a person who is officially in exile. Until that moment, not a single genius who became its owner was in exile. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin just became this "pioneer", who was noted by the world literary community with such valuable encouragement.

In total, the Nobel Prize winners were supposed to receive 715,000 francs in cash. It would seem that a very impressive amount. But the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin quickly squandered it, as he provided financial assistance to Russian emigrants, who bombarded him with many different letters.

Writer's death

Death came to Ivan Bunin rather unexpectedly. His heart stopped during sleep, and this sad event happened on November 8, 1953. It was on this day that Ivan Alekseevich was in Paris and could not even imagine his imminent death.

Surely Bunin dreamed of living a long time and one day dying in his native land, among his relatives and a large number of friends. But fate decreed a little differently, as a result of which the writer spent most of his life in exile. However, thanks to his unsurpassed creativity, he actually ensured immortality for his name. The literary masterpieces written by Bunin will be remembered for many more generations of people. A creative person like him gains worldwide fame and becomes a historical reflection of the era in which she created!

Ivan Bunin was buried in one of the cemeteries in France (Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois). Here is such a rich and interesting biography of Ivan Bunin. What is its role in world literature?

The role of Bunin in world literature

We can safely say that Ivan Bunin (1870-1953) left a noticeable mark on world literature. Thanks to such virtues as ingenuity and verbal sensitivity, which the poet possessed, he was excellent at creating the most suitable literary images in his works.

By his nature, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was a realist, but, despite this, he skillfully supplemented his stories with something fascinating and unusual. The uniqueness of Ivan Alekseevich lay in the fact that he did not consider himself to be a member of any well-known literary group and a "trend" that was fundamental in its view.

All of Bunin's best stories were devoted to Russia and told about everything that connected the writer with it. Perhaps it was thanks to these facts that the stories of Ivan Alekseevich were very popular among Russian readers.

Unfortunately, Bunin's work has not been fully explored by our contemporaries. Scientific research into the language and style of the writer is yet to come. His influence on Russian literature of the 20th century has not yet been revealed, perhaps because, like Pushkin, Ivan Alekseevich is unique. There is a way out of this situation: turning again and again to Bunin's texts, to documents, archives, and contemporaries' memories of him.