Gorodets painting for children - learning to draw. Gorodets painting for beginner artists: the necessary tools and materials for drawing, as well as the steps for making flowers with detailed video tutorials

Gorodets painting is a wonderful drawing technique that was created in Russia. Often, even in kindergartens, there are lessons on the art of depicting objects and animals in unique bright colors with elements of a fairy tale.

History of Gorodets painting

Usually, wooden items were decorated with Gorodets painting. Since initially it was a folk craft of drawing on wood in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

It received its development in the second half of the 19th century, not far from the village of Gorodets, hence the name. There were many forests in that area, so the material came out cheap. And from it, in turn, children's toys, furniture, houses and much more were made. Paintings were used to decorate wooden objects, which could not do without bright garlands of flowers.

So gradually it was transferred to almost all household items of people. And images of various fairy-tale plots and colorful flowers gave the paintings a special memorable plot.

This technique is still popular today. You can easily find pieces of furniture, especially for children, decorated with lush flowers. And since the elements are quite large, teachers in kindergartens began to use phased drawing of Gorodets painting during creative classes.

Elements and technique of their execution in Gorodets painting

Real masters of Gorodets painting, first of all, pay attention to the position of the hand during work. The brush must be held only vertically so that it can rotate between the fingers (thumb, index and middle fingers) without obstacles. With the correct setting, all elements of the painting are given without much effort.

Painting is carried out in two stages:

• underpainting;
• animations.

For underpainting, large brushes are used, filling the entire figure at once. For example, all horses are completely covered with black paint, except for the harness. Performing such a technique is available even for a five-year-old child. The main thing in it is to smear the paints in an even and thin layer so that there are no gaps left.

Animation is a technique by which a sketch of a drawing turns into a picture. In this case, brushes are used thin (artistic). They work only with black and white paint, unlike underpainting, where any color is acceptable. Dip only the tip, and all the details are done carefully.

With animation, various dots and curls are applied, which help to revive the picture. But they have strict rules of execution. For example, you can apply only arcs, dots, strokes and droplets. The main thing is to touch only the end of the brush work, so that the strokes are smooth and beautiful.

Absolutely all elements of Gorodets painting are applied without a preliminary pencil sketch. That is why each work is individual.

How to depict flowers in Gorodets painting

To make the paintings especially good, consider the phased drawing of Gorodets painting using flowers as an example. They are considered a symbol of health.

To master the technique of Gorodets painting well enough, it is enough to learn how to draw four flowers. The work is carried out in three stages, unlike the rest of the elements:

• underpainting;
• pointing petals;
• animations.

While you are studying, as well as if the kids are doing the work, you can use a pencil in the "Gorodets painting" drawing technique. Step-by-step drawing for children, and for adults, will look like this:

1. Draw four circles on a sheet of paper with a pencil (three identical and one smaller)
2. Take a thin brush and put round spots with cherry paint (in the first two - on the side, and in the remaining ones - in the middle)
3. Using the same paint, on the first circle we draw an arc from the edge. To draw it correctly, hold the brush perpendicular to the sheet of paper. Barely touching, start drawing, then press, and finish again with a thin line.
4. On the second circle, draw the same arc, but not along the edge, but inside. And place the petals on the edge. Make them the same as the previous element, only smaller.
5. On the third circle, distribute the petals already around the circumference.
6. In the fourth, draw droplets using the blotting method. They should be arranged along a radius around the central spot.

When you have learned how to draw elements separately, let's move on to making a flower:

1. First, draw underpainting - large spots of paint in the form of a circle. We take any color, usually pink or blue.
2. On these circles we apply one of the selected patterns that we learned to draw - this is the stage of pointing the petals.
3. Now we complete the work with animations. They are performed on flowers with white paint. We make neat drawings or put dots to revive the pattern.

The image of flowers is the basis of the "Gorodets painting" style. Step-by-step drawing in kindergarten of such patterns will bring children a lot of joy and teach them accuracy, since everything must be done without a sketch, and arcs and animations must be done with extreme precision.

in the kindergarten group

As we have already said, Gorodets painting is perfect for children. Let's consider how to carry out a phased drawing of the Gorodets painting in the senior group of the kindergarten.

To begin with, tell the children what Gorodets painting is in general and show the illustrations. To make it easier for them to do the work, do it together by drawing on a sheet attached to the board. Begin:

1. Draw a body that looks like two drops that look in different directions and are connected with a stick.
2. Next, draw the head. It is not necessary to complicate it, take an oval, add ears and an elongated muzzle.
3. Now legs. Small triangles in the right places, sticks from them and also triangles (hooves) at the end.
4. We depict the mane and tail with yellow paint, using semicircles in the work.
5. We draw a saddle (children choose their own color).
6. We draw eyes, a bridle and decorate a saddle.

It was a step by step drawing of a horse. Gorodets painting will help the children become more accurate and develop their creative abilities. And also you will be able to introduce young artists to geometric shapes.

We paint the board with Gorodets painting with children

Particularly interesting for children in kindergarten will be the phased drawing of Gorodets painting on a wooden board as a gift to their parents. You can ask pupils in advance to bring workpieces from home for work. And the lesson itself is built as follows:

1. We tell a little about the history of Gorodets painting.
2. We determine the center of each board, put a point there with a pencil.
3. Draw a circle with the selected color.
4. When it dries, we apply petals on top (we choose one flower option for everyone).
5. After waiting a bit, take a thin brush and apply streaks in white.
6. The remaining space is allowed to be supplemented with curls.
7. We paint over the outline of the board with a continuous strip of the same color as the flower.

Such an activity will bring the children a lot of impressions, and the memory will remain for a lifetime. Recommend varnishing the board at home with your parents so that the paint does not peel off over time.

Tips for working with children in the implementation of Gorodets painting

If you plan to carry out a phased drawing of the Gorodets painting with your students, do not forget:

1. First, do all the elements yourself.
2. Choose the same pattern for everyone.
3. If you see that someone is failing, help.
4. Do not forget to praise the guys in the process of work.
5. Remember that the basis of Gorodets patterns is underpainting, which is done in one color, and there should be no gaps, and animations are done with a thin brush.

Gorodets painting is a drawing of elements of a fairy tale, so children will definitely like this work.

Master class on drawing Gorodets painting using a template. Painting "Horses".

Bogatova Oksana Nikolaevna, educator of MKDOU "Kindergarten No. 94" of the city of Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region.
Description: work can be done by younger schoolchildren or preschoolers with the help of adults. The master class will be of interest to creative people, teachers of additional education.
Purpose: will serve as an example of drawing in the classroom for art activities, interior decoration.
Target: creation of the painting "Horses".
Tasks:- learn to draw Gorodets horses symmetrically using a template;
- to consolidate the skills of painting a floral Gorodets ornament;
- develop creative abilities:
- educate patriotic feelings, the desire to more often come into contact with folk traditions.

The image of a horse in the Gorodets painting symbolizes the sun and the wish of happiness.
The nature of the image of animals is always majestic, solemn. If a horse is depicted, then it is a horse proudly raising its head on a steeply curved swan neck, beating the ground with its hoof. He has thin legs of a horse, a rich harness, a mane flowing like a waterfall.
The Gorodets horse runs - the whole earth trembles under it ...
As in flower painting, pictures of Gorodets painting depicting a horse can be symmetrical. They can be located both on the sides of a flowering tree, and inside a flower garland. These are the horses with floral ornaments, we will draw with you!

Materials: sheet of A3 paper; gouache scarlet, ruby, ocher, green, white, black; watercolor paints; jar for water; simple pencil; a piece of sponge; brushes No. 1, No. 2, No. 5.

We cover, with the help of a sponge, a sheet with ocher-colored gouache.

Now we need to draw two symmetrical horses located on the sides of the picture. Having set such a task, I ran into the problem that I get one horse (located on the right), and the other (located on the left) does not turn out to be mirror symmetrical ... Then I cut out my pencil sketch and put the horse with another surface on the opposite side of the drawing.

Having little artistic ability it is difficult to draw a beautiful, proportional horse. Therefore, I suggest, to everyone, to use this template, according to my sketch.

We paint over the horses with black gouache.

For a more even execution of a floral ornament, namely, drawing a rose, cups and daisies, we will use the round shapes of a jar for water and a jar of gouache.

We paint over the drawn circles.

At the bottom of our floral ornament, we will write a rose and two daisies. In the center we will draw a cup.

Let's add a floral ornament with leaves.

To make the picture sparkle with new colors, we will supplement it with new colors for us - bells.

Now let's start drawing the harness of the horses.

Then we make our horses graceful with a white "animation" and give them volume.

On the leaves we draw veins of the corresponding colors

We paint blue bells, buds and cups with blue and white watercolors.

Now we apply a black "animation" on the leaves.

Our picture is almost ready, it remains to draw the bridles.

Frame the picture and hang it on the wall.

A similar picture can be drawn with roosters. It will bring warmth and comfort, unique originality to your home. Thank you for your attention!

Copying is an obligatory moment in the study of painting. For some, it becomes only a stage, while others stop there.
We will need:
1 Squirrel or kolinsky brushes No. 1 - for contour work and No. 2 - for painting.
2 Artistic gouache (can be replaced with acrylic or tempera paint), + a jar of water.
3 A thick sheet of paper or a product that you want to paint (previously sanded)
4 Pencil, eraser, ruler.
5 Templates cut out of cardboard - circles of different diameters. I have - 5.5 cm - large; 4 cm - medium; 2 cm - small.
What are templates for? All flowers in the Gorodets painting are based on circles. In order not to mess with the compass, it is easier to circle the templates.

Elements of the Gorodets painting of today's lesson:
Rosan, otherwise kupavka - the largest flower;
Bud - a small rose, a smaller rose;
Sunshine - rosette - smaller cups;
Berries, apples are the smallest elements of the Gorodetsky bouquet.
In addition to flowers in Gorodets, there may be birds and horses, as well as plot scenes in the interior and in nature.
A flower arrangement is built according to one simple principle - from a large flower to a smaller one. The smallest element closes the flower garland.
Draw flowers as in the next example, and then start drawing leaves 2-3 pieces between the flowers (in general, as much as you like). The leaves are shaped like boats (two arcs are turned towards each other, look at the brackets on the keyboard). Or you can do it differently - on the one hand, an arc, on the other, a slightly wavy line (a kind of tubercle - rocker)

Fill with leaves all the gaps between the flowers, where there is not enough space, you can also 1 leaf. At the ends of the flower branches, you can draw 3-5 leaves, as if with a bush.

In the center of the composition we will draw a bird or a horse. I will show you how to draw a bird. We begin to draw the line of the abdomen, but not in the center of the sheet, but slightly to the left.
a) First, draw a tummy, in fact just a wavy line. (the upper curve is smaller - this will be the neck and beak, and the lower curve is large - this is the tummy)

b) Now we draw a wing. It is located in the abdomen. The shape resembles a large drop lying on its side. The wing just falls in the middle of the leaf, that is, a large rose flower looks just at it.

Draw the head and back. Another wavy line. A tubercle in the region of the head, and further down, almost straight down to the wing.

c) legs. Under the belly, draw 2 lines about 1.5-2 cm long. Direct one towards the tail, the other almost straight. It is necessary to finish the thighs - this is again 2 lines - arcs.

The bird is ready and the whole composition as a whole is ready for painting.
A few tips:
Change the water in the jar more often. I change with every color change.
Do not leave the brush in a jar of water, the pile breaks, the handle comes off.
Do not use a good brush for mixing paints, use old low-quality glue brushes for this purpose.
Properties of gouache: when dried, it brightens 4 times, stains hands, and dries quickly. Therefore, do not leave jars of gouache open for a long time.
Don't be afraid to turn your work surface (album sheet is also one) so that it is always convenient.
The first stage is called “painting” and essentially resembles coloring. Now let's do this coloring. You can choose the colors yourself, or you can repeat mine. Basically, these are blue, red, or raspberry or burgundy whitened with white .. As a result, pink, blue. And orange and green in its pure form (without whitening). See below the process of painting on pictures without comments.

The second stage is called "shading". We paint over the cores (circles at the top of the flower) and shade the arches on the flowers with the color from which they were whitened (blue, raspberry). And on orange berries - a red or burgundy tint. Also the bird's tail.

The third stage is called "spreading". Let's start with black. We revitalize the leaves - we circle the side that I called the “arc” in black (only on one side), inside each leaf there are a pair of antennae of different lengths.
On the other side of the leaf, draw droplets or lines (from a large drop at the top to a small one at the bottom), the droplets are parallel and close to each other,
Let's add black feathers to the bird's tail and a couple of strokes on the paws.
Draw a bracket in the middle of a large rose in crimson color, and 2-3 drops of different lengths along the edges of it, repeating the shape of a circle. On the longest, put antennae curled towards the center of the flower.

Now let's liven it up with white color - draw "horseshoes" on the shading of the rose and buds,

Draw a dash on the cores.

Circle the petals of the rose from the inside, as well as the apples (orange) from the inside and put a tendril in the middle, and put a few drops on it; and circle the bracket in the center of the rose and make hatching, it is called the “beard” (everything is white). Put the droplets in the middle of the buds and roses and between the horseshoes.

Liven up the bird to your taste or, as I do, with the same methods - “horseshoes”, “antennae”, “droplets”, “pokes”.
The fourth stage is "revival". With a white match, put pokes on the leaves (right on the antennae), as well as on the cores, between the horseshoes, the eye of the bird, on the wing, at the ends of the white antennae (at the apples). You can also on the tail of a bird (I did not draw).
Put a few red drops on the bird's wing, and paint the frame red. It remains to draw with the help of drops (black) the stem between the flowers so that the flowers do not hang in the air and fill the empty space with tendrils emerging from the leaves. String parallel droplets or pokes on them (from largest to smallest)
All is ready!

TOOLKIT

to art lessons

"Gorodets painting"

atprimary school teacher Rudakova Alla Nikolaevna

MBOU secondary school No. 4, Anapa,

Krasnodar region

Story

Gorodets painting originates from Gorodets , which had their own peculiarity: a comb and a bottom. To decorate the Donets, Gorodets craftsmen used a peculiar technique - : the figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into a recess corresponding in shape. Inserts made from dark stained , stand out in relief on the light surface of the bottom. Thus, having only two shades of wood and a simple tool, craftsmen turned the surface of the bottom board into a real picture.

Later, masters began to use tinting for fine richness, a bright combination of yellow with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made the bottom even more elegant and colorful. A well-known master of inlaid donets with tint was .

The need to increase the production of spinning bottoms prompted the masters to simplify the technique of decorative design. From the second half the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay began to be replaced by simple carving with tint, and since the 1870s, the picturesque manner of decoration has prevailed on the Gorodetsky Donets.

Peculiarities

In Nizhny Novgorod paintings, two types can be distinguished - Pavlovsk and Gorodets paintings, which were used to decorate chests, arcs, sledges, children's furniture, spinning wheels and many small household items. The Gorodets style is distinguished primarily by its content. In the murals, genre scenes give the main impression. All these images are conditional in character, very free and decorative in form, and sometimes border on . This is life , , a magnificent parade of costumes. A significant place is occupied by floral motifs - lush "roses", painted widely and decoratively. By expression the master became a true painter. V. S. Voronov, who wrote that “the Nizhny Novgorod style presents us with the purest version of genuine pictorial art, which has overcome the limits of graphic captivity and is based solely on the elements of painting…” decorative images of birds and animals.

There are exotic And . Especially often the image of a hot, strong horse or rooster in a proud, warlike pose. Most often these are paired images, facing each other. Gorodetsky master of painting loves flowers. They are scattered everywhere on the field of paintings with cheerful garlands and bouquets. Where the plot allows, the master willingly uses the motif of a magnificent curtain, picked up by a cord with tassels. The decorativeness of motifs is emphasized by the decorativeness of color and techniques. Favorite backgrounds are bright green or intense red, deep blue, sometimes black, on which the multi-colored Gorodetsky color splashes especially juicy. In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is done with a brush, without a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke. It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke. The work of the master is fast and economical. Therefore, it is very generalized, simple in technique, free in the movement of the brush. Gorodets flower paintings, multicolored and expressive works by masters A. E. Konovalov and D. I. Kryukov are characteristic.

History of Gorodets painting

The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in the villages located on the banks of the clear and bright river Uzora. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye and others. In the 18th century. there is a center for the production of spinning donets and toys. Peasants took their products to sell at the fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting made on these products was called Gorodetskaya.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word "bottom" means "a plank on which a spinner sits, sticking a comb into it." Having finished the work, she took out the comb, and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, craftsmen paid special attention to decorating boards with carvings and paintings. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the life of a peasant woman. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father gave it to his daughter, the husband gave it to his wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen elegant, colorful, to everyone's joy and surprise. The spinning wheel was inherited, it was protected and kept.
To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a peculiar technique - inlay, which is very rare in folk art. The figures were cut out of wood of a different breed and inserted into recesses corresponding in shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood of two shades and using the simplest tool, craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art.
In the future, the masters also began to use the tint of the bottom. A bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, red colors made it elegant and colorful.
From the second half of the XIX century. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by tinted bracket carving, and then the pictorial style of decoration began to predominate.
The plots of the ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, scenes from folk life.
Nowadays, the traditions of the old masters are being revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them are award winners. I.E. Repin. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolov.

Secrets of Gorodets masters

Tools and materials. For painting, it is desirable to have three brushes: squirrel art (No. 2 or No. 3), kolinsky art (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat, soft hair brush used for underpainting and framing.
Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. It is better for schoolchildren to use gouache for this, since Gorodets painting is multi-layered, and gouache paints dry quickly and can be applied one on top of the other. You need to learn how to draw on thick white paper.
It is best to have a gouache set of 12 colors, of which eight are required: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and iron oxide red. Another paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red), but it is not included in the set.
To get the color scheme of the Gorodets painting, you need to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new colors: light blue, light pink, light ocher and green Gorodets (Fig. 1).
To get light blue, a little cobalt blue light (bright blue paint) is added to white paint (zinc white). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white with scarlet. For light ocher, they take light yellow and a little red iron oxide. Gorodets green paint is obtained by mixing yellow gouache, chromium oxide (dark green paint) and red iron oxide. The result should be a warm green marsh shade of paint. All received paints should be creamy.
To mix new paints, clean gouache jars are taken. So that the paints do not dry out, it is necessary to add a little water to them as necessary.

Elements, plots and techniques of Gorodets painting.

At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold the brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to perform inextricable plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. In the process of work, you can lean on the protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it.

Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting.

Ornament - This is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements.

The main elements of the Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, spirals.

It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of "pattern" and "ornament".

Pattern - this is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, shadows (Fig. 4). They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will make up an ornament (Fig. 5). When mastering painting of the pictorial type, which Gorodetskaya also belongs to, we must remember that it is performed without first drawing the outline of the drawing.

Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages (Fig. 6).

First - underpainting , i.e. circular motion with a brush, applying one color spot. Underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel No. 3. The main thing is to learn how to take the right amount of paint on the brush. If there is not enough paint, then the underpainting will turn out to be pale, inexpressive; If there is too much, then the paint will peel off when it dries.
The second stage - shade (or shade), i.e. applying a bracket. To correctly draw a bracket, at first you just need to lightly touch the paper with the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; to the middle, press the brush hard, and complete the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular to the sheet of paper.

The third stage - revival (or livery), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with whitewash. Animations are always applied to monochrome silhouettes, which gives them some volume.
Mastering Gorodets painting begins with writing flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle.

Gorodets flowers are diverse

in color and shape.

Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity.

Buds ( rice. 7) - a variety of Gorodets flowers. First, the main color spot (underpainting) is applied in a circular motion with a brush. Then they proceed to the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). Perform it in black, burgundy or kraplak red. The development of the bud movement with a brush, applying one color spot. The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are located.

It can have one or more brackets. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest one, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, revival is applied with whitewash.

Kupavka (Fig. 8) - the most common flower in the Gorodets ornament. Her underpainting is larger in size than that of the bud. They begin to paint with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the shape is the same as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - animation is usually done with whitewash. Applying animation requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke of a thin brush.Rosan (Fig. 9) reflects the main features of the flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the form of a circle. The size may be larger than the bathing suit. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. Rosan in the painting of Gorodets is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique of painting the brackets is the same as that of the kupavka.
Variants of development with animation are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, spirals.
Chamomile (Fig. 10) the flower is not complicated in terms of execution technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the paper, quickly attach and lift the brush. The result is a smear-drop - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it.
Rose (Fig. 11) the most complex flower. The painting begins with an underpainting - the main volume of a flower-circle, a central rounded petal is added to it below, smaller petals are placed in a circle around it to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.

After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned to the core. The bracket arc and the core in the upper part of the flower are drawn in black, burgundy and red kraplak. The edges of the petals can be circled with the same paint as the core.
The most difficult thing in a rose is the animation. Inside the bracket arc, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then, two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on the free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the bracket arc, you can draw dots-stamens.

Gorodets leaves (Fig. 12) are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.

A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted as a pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet at one end remains wide. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed.
Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the revival of black color.

gorodets bird (Fig. 13) is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various versions: this is a proud peacock, and a frowning turkey, and a cocky rooster, and a fabulous bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the curve of the neck and chest, then they draw a line that defines the shape of the head and back, then they define the line of the wing, the filiform beak and legs. Most often, the body is made in black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. This is best done in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is drawn in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. Animations are made with whitewash, applying thin strokes.

Gorodetsky horse (Fig. 14) - a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict him in several ways. Some free fly strokes write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with color spots, starting with the largest vertical element - the chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane bounded by the harness and saddle lines remains light in this variant. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made in white.

Composition in Gorodets painting

All works of art are created according to the laws of composition, non-observance or ignorance of which can lead to a violation of harmony. Composition (from Latin compositio - arrangement, composition, connection) - the construction of a work of art, the ratio of its individual parts (components), forming a single whole.
For the composition of works of arts and crafts, the main thing is the unity of content and form. Another, already specific, sign is the conformity of the form of a work of decorative art with its specific purpose.
To a large extent, the nature of the composition is determined by the rhythm. Rhythm is a uniform alternation of elements of a drawing, contributing to the achievement of clarity and expressiveness of the composition.
A rhythmically organized drawing easily turns into an ornament - the basis of the composition. But an ornament is not only a repeated repetition of similar elements of a pattern. A beautiful and clear drawing of the details of the overall silhouette is very important.
The artist's work on a new work begins with the choice of a theme according to the purpose of the product. A well-thought-out compositional scheme is the basis for creating a work of art. You need to start with a sketch of a compositional scheme in full size. It is not recommended to draw a quarter or half of the product. When developing a decor, it is necessary to determine which part of the product will carry the main ornamental and color load.
When studying Gorodets painting, work on the topic

"Composition" is carried out in three stages.

I. The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting.
II. Development of a sketch of the future product.
III. Making a full size sketch.
The study of compositional techniques in Gorodets painting. A characteristic feature in the plot compositions of spinning bottoms is the image of a horse and a rider. A galloping horse with a proudly raised head was usually placed in the center of the composition.
The image of a rider in folk art is familiar to icon painters (George the Victorious, Dmitry Solunsky, and others). On carved bottoms kept in museums, most often a composition depicting two riders on rearing horses is presented. Riders are located on both sides of a flower tree, from the top of which a swan takes off. On the lower halves of the donets, the craftsmen usually depicted genre scenes of festivities of gentlemen with ladies, hunting scenes, etc. In the 60s. 19th century the same compositions were used in the painted bottoms. By the end of the XIX century. folk masters began to paint genre pictures, scenes of festivities. Later, the leading storyline of the donets, which were part of the dowry, was the illustration of wedding ceremonies: the bride riding in the carriage, the bride, the meeting of the groom.
The brothers Lazar and Anton Melnikov were the first to write on the bottoms of cupavki and buds, brightly colored birds and cockerels. They also developed the poses of horses and riders: the horse was certainly drawn with long legs, and its hind leg was necessarily crocheted. In Melnikov style, horses continue to be painted by modern masters.

By the end of the XIX century. a characteristic form of a floral ornament with certain elements has developed: these are buds, roses and a cupavka flower, which are endlessly repeated in various versions. In the center of the compositional plane, the artists place the main image: a bird, a horse, a person, a group of people or a plant motif.

Folk masters write faces in the same manner - in the form of a white circle, on which their features are indicated with thin black lines. Hairstyles for both men and women are distinguished by great sophistication, but only black is used in their coloring. In the image of the figures themselves, a planar color solution is used, in which the main large spots (skirts, jackets, jackets, trousers) are painted without a contour, in the form of a monochrome colorful silhouette. The favorite decorative motif in the art of the Gorodets masters is bright flowers and decorative green leaves, which give the painting a special charm.

The traditions of narrative Gorodets painting are preserved and continue to be developed at the Gorodets painting factory. Modern artists paint more than 50 types of products: decorative panels, chests, boxes, kitchen cabinets, shelves, cutting boards, bread bins, salt shakers, sets of coasters, as well as toys and children's furniture.

2. After the location of the ornament is found, we select the main compositional center, the proportional ratio of the parts is decided, it is necessary to find the color scheme of the composition. Often children, seeing the multi-colored Gorodets painting, think that they can use the entire set of colors. But, having examined their sketches and remembering the laws of color science, they come to the conclusion that the layout of local color spots obeys only one thing - the general gamut.

3. Having composed the composition and choosing the color, you can proceed to the detailed drawing of the ornament. The development of the composition of the product ends with the design of the frame. Gorodets craftsmen pay great attention to this, as the frame adorns any product. It is performed both in one color (usually scarlet), and in several.

Making a full size sketch.

Before processing wood for painting, it is necessary to familiarize students with its basic properties.
Wood is an excellent ornamental material for creating arts and crafts products.
Linden, aspen, alder wood is widely used for painting. Linden is considered the best of them for painting. It absorbs moisture and therefore is well tinted with aqueous solutions and paints.
Aspen wood is characterized by softness, texture uniformity, whiteness and purity. One of its important properties is light resistance: it does not turn yellow for a long time if it is indoors. Alder wood is soft, light, cuts well, warps a little, and is easily pickled and polished.
An important characteristic of wood is color. Any wood of a freshly cut tree, as a rule, has a uniform color throughout the cut. But over time, the wood becomes darker. This must be taken into account in the work. For example, an alder that is slightly tinted with yellow paint will still have a reddish tint to the background. And if this circumstance is not taken into account, then the arrangement of colors in the ornament will not be in harmony with the general tone of the background, which always has a warm tint.
In painting lessons, most often you have to deal with plywood, so its properties should be described in more detail.
Mostly plywood is used, consisting of three, five and seven sheets. Plywood layers are glued together with waterproof glue. Their number is always odd, so plywood does not warp. The layers of plywood are laid in such a way that the direction of the fibers in the layers being glued mutually intersect at a right angle. This gives plywood a special rigidity and strength.
Immediately before painting, the selected workpiece should be processed. It is polished with sandpaper (along the length of the fiber), and then coated with starch paste. After it dries, the workpiece must again be processed with a sandpaper.
The painting on the product is carried out in a strictly defined sequence: first, the central part of the composition is painted, and then the floral ornament is made. After all the underpaintings are done, they should be shaded with dark colors. The painting is finished with animations made in white and yellow paints.
If the sketch provides for the implementation of the background, then the surface of the product must be tinted with the required color. Most often, the following colors are used for the background: light and dark ocher, cinnabar and scarlet, less often black. The color scheme for products made with a background is completely different than for products made without it.
If the background is made of light and dark ocher, the color scheme of the composition should be brighter, and vice versa, if cinnabar or scarlet color was used for the background, then the muted color scheme is chosen. On a black background, white or yellow is used for shade. For the background, it is best to use brushes No. 5 - 8 so that the paint lays down in a more even layer.
After the painting is finished, it is varnished. Before this, it is necessary to familiarize students with the types of varnishes, the general rules of varnishing. Apply each next layer of varnish only after the previous one has dried. The more coats of varnish, the longer it takes to dry between each coat. After each coating, the surface of the product is treated with a fine-grained sandpaper. Such an alternation of operations is necessary for better bonding of the varnish layers and obtaining a mirror surface. A swab for varnishing products is prepared from a flap of any fabric, except for fleecy.
To consolidate the material covered, broaden one's horizons and cultivate artistic taste, as well as in search of plots, it is necessary, if possible, to organize excursions to museums and exhibition halls.

Literature:
Baryshnikov A.A. Fundamentals of composition. M., 1951.
Boguslavskaya I.Ya. Good hands craftsmanship. Leningrad, 1976.
Borodulin V.A. Artistic processing of wood. M., 1986.

Gorodets painting is one of the oldest Russian art crafts. This flower coloring book allows you to create incredibly beautiful patterns and ornaments. Thanks to decorative drawing, you can create flowers, a peacock, a horse, a bird, a rose, a cockerel and much more.

Gorodets painting is one of the oldest Russian art crafts.

The beginning of Gorodets painting takes cutting-off spinning wheels. Various figures were cut out of wood and inserted into the recesses according to the appropriate shape. Later, craftsmen began to paint wooden figurines, gradually adding more new colors.

In the 19th century, the craftsmen produced beautiful wooden figures in green, red, blue and other colors. They decorated houses and yards. The figurines were pleasing to the eye, they were loved to make, children admired them. The painted rooster turned out to be very beautiful.

What could Gorodets spinning wheels decorate?

• Sled.
• Chests.
• Caskets.
• Furniture.
• Household items, etc.

Usually, the painting was symbolic. Genre drawings were valued. For example, a merchant and his horse or cockerel were depicted on the board. Elements of such painting have survived to this day.

Floral motifs in this craft were given special preference. Animals were also drawn, such as lions or bulls.

Favorite backgrounds in Gorodets painting for masters of the 19th century were blue, green, in a word, bright and multicolored. A black background was rarely used.

How is painting done? And then and now the work is gradually painted with a brush. A phased craft does not involve drawing from a finished layout. The blow of the brush on the board should be tight and strong. All the work of the master is quite painstaking, but at the same time, and fast. By the nature of the reception, the work is simple.

For children and preschoolers, there are many ways to start with simple Gorodets painting schemes, for example, depict it on asphalt.

Gallery: Gorodets painting (25 photos)

Gorodets painting: lesson (video)

Gorodets painting: main elements

For such a painting, special paints are needed. They are called "tempera". Tempera paints are made from dry powders or from their analogues. An alternative to such paints can be ordinary gouache, to which PVA glue was added. If the choice of the master fell on gouache, then he should know that when painting Gorodets, before smearing the second layer of the drawing, you need to wait until the first layer dries completely, otherwise the work will have a whitish tint.

All brushes must be dry, otherwise they will deteriorate after work.

The specificity of Gorodets painting is drawing without a layout, that is, the artist smoothly guides the brush over the surface. What can be artistic techniques for painting? There are many, for example:

• Broad brush strokes.
• Thin lines with a horse-drawn brush.
• Virtuoso strokes with a medium brush.

For such a painting, special paints are needed.

On what surface is Gorodets painting performed? Usually a tree is taken as the basis. If desired, you can create a colored background on it by painting the surface in red, yellow or another color.

The scheme of work is as follows:

1. To begin with, the master marks the approximate dimensions of the composition on the surface. You can use a pencil for this. However, he does not draw the layout! This is necessary in order to outline the future size of all mural patterns.
2. Many masters advise to outline the outline of the pattern not with a pencil, but immediately with paints. In their opinion, it is this technology that is considered correct.
3. The knots of the drawing are made with a thin brush and light paint. This makes the job look neater.
4. Darker ones are placed on top of light spots. This is the peculiarity of this craft.
5. Before starting work, you should collect several different brushes, since it is convenient to draw various details in your own way. For example, thin lines will turn out beautiful only if they are drawn with a thin brush.
6. The main elements of Gorodets painting are the so-called "animations". These include points, circles, spirals, strokes and arcs.

Step-by-step decorative drawing based on Gorodets painting for children

1. The beginning of the drawing is a life-size sketch of the scheme on the tree. The size of the future work and its main elements should be outlined.
2. To simplify the task, you can draw the size of the composition on paper, and only then transfer the image to a wooden surface.
3. When the size of the ornament is applied to the wooden surface, you need to highlight the main center of the composition. After that, you can think about the color scheme.
4. When the issue of the composition and color scheme of the composition is resolved, you can proceed to a detailed drawing of the ornament.
5. For children, it is recommended to choose simple drawings. For example, you can depict the sun. A red circle is drawn in the center, and rays are next to it. Beam stitches should be the same size.
6. At the end of the work, the wooden surface is varnished.

It will be easier for the child to draw simple elements

Patterns of Gorodets painting for the senior group

In the middle and senior group in kindergarten, you do not need to choose too complex mural elements, because if the child cannot cope with it, then he will be bored. You can opt for a simple ornament and draw a beautiful flower.

Drawing way:

1. The work will use white, red, brown and green paints. Children should draw either on wooden boards or on wooden shallow plates.
2. With a pencil, you should outline the center of the composition and its size.
3. Then you can start drawing the flower. A small red circle is drawn in the center. The red paint is then mixed with white to make pink. Another circle is drawn in pink, larger than the first. After that, again a red circle and again pink. Thus, the flower has a multi-colored middle.
4. Petals are made in green and brown colors. It is better to alternate them, so the work will be more beautiful.
5. You can combine green paint with white to get a lighter greenish color. They can draw the petals from the inside. This drawing is done with a thin brush.

In the middle and senior group in kindergarten, you do not need to choose too complex mural elements

Finishes the work with a varnish coating of the surface.

Gorodets painting: how to draw flowers?

Master Class:

1. To begin with, the surface and material with which the work will be performed are selected. The more colorful it is, the better.
2. Color centers are marked on the surface with a pencil. A bright circle is drawn. Then petals are drawn in each circle. For this, a color darker than the core of the flower is used.
3. Each flower must have a petal. Light green petals can be drawn with a thin brush from the inside. You can also draw the contours of the petals and flowers with a darker paint, but not black.
4. Complement the composition of blue berries, painted next to the flowers.

a flower can be both complex and easy - choose the master

Gorodets painting: how to draw a horse?

1. To do this, use black or brown paint. But in order for the horse to stand out, the background of the work must be light.
2. The body of the horse is drawn with a medium brush. First, you can draw an outline for it, and then paint it. Limbs, tail and neck are drawn with a thinner brush. The hooves of the animal are drawn separately.
3. The horse's mane can be drawn in red.
4. A beautiful ornament will decorate and complement the composition. You can make them a picture frame. Also, you can draw a horse running towards the sun.

Gorodets painting: how to draw a Kupavka flower (video)

Gorodets painting will be able to give a lot of positive emotions to its creator. The main thing is to draw with soul, because then even a novice craftsman will be able to create a real masterpiece.