How to write a business plan correctly? We share recommendations, convenient ways, samples and calculations.
Business plan is the document from which the implementation must begin. If you do not first calculate expenses and incomes, do not take into account demand and the presence of already working competitors, you can waste your budget. In our article, you will find a sample business plan with calculations and learn how to prepare it for yourself.
But when the development of a business plan for a small business is needed specifically for investors, guarantors, creditors, then the document must comply with the requirements of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business. You can learn how to draw up a business plan in accordance with these requirements from, and consider a brief structure of the plan here.
The structure of the business plan from the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business:
If you follow all the recommendations of the Federal Fund for Support of Small Business, then it is quite difficult to draw up your own business plan on your own. But there is another way to calculate the prospects for your project - using the SME Business Navigator.
How to write a business plan yourself
If you decide to open such a store, you will need to find the missing amount of 1.7 million rubles. Of course, you can take out a loan, especially since Business Navigator offers you to choose one of the partner banks. However, we should not forget that such interest-bearing borrowed funds increase the cost of the project and extend its payback period. We need to weigh carefully whether it is worth it.
If you do not want to attract additional funds to the project, especially borrowed funds, the navigator will offer you to select the type of business by the amount of investment. We go to the appropriate tab and see an extensive list of projects that you can start using only your own funds. It remains only to choose a few areas of interest to you and calculate their payback.
Now you know how to make a business plan with calculations for a small business in a specific situation. On the Internet, you will find many more methods for writing and compiling business plans, samples for various businesses (coffee shop, car service, beauty salon, etc.). But remember - you need a business plan for your specific business, individual, and no one has written one for you yet. Here in this video briefly and succinctly “on the fingers of a milling machine” it is told how to do this:
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- 1. Sample business plan
- 1.1. Business plan sections
- 1.2. Project description
- 1.3. Production plan
- 1.4. Marketing plan
- 1.5. Financial plan
Each company in the course of its activities must clearly understand the needs for all types of resources, as well as be able to accurately calculate the amount of funds needed to implement their business ideas. In a market economy, it is necessary to be able to plan, regularly analyze the internal and external environment, evaluate your own prospects and opportunities. For clarity, consider a sample business plan with calculations. Also at the very end of the article, you can download a detailed grocery store business plan.
Web studio business plan - sample with calculations
1. Sample business plan
The article presents a sample business plan with calculations for starting a website development company. Today, many companies decide to open their representative office on the Internet. As a result, there is a need to create an official website.
A business plan is an official document that will subsequently be presented to potential investors and partners. Therefore, when developing it, certain principles should be followed.
1.1. Business plan sections
- introduction,
- (brief description of the project and main financial indicators),
- project description,
- analysis of the company's capabilities,
- production plan,
- marketing plan,
- financial plan,
- risk analysis,
- conclusion,
- links to sources.
1.2. Project description
The projected company is created for the purpose of developing websites and their subsequent placement on the Internet. The company's product is a website, made in accordance with the client's requests, the chosen concept and functionality. The average price of a website (based on the arithmetic mean) will be 64 thousand rubles.
At the moment, the development stage of the project is evaluated as a business idea. The objective of the project is to position itself in the market as a professional company creating websites of varying complexity, with a modern concept and user-friendly interface.
When recruiting, it is planned to look for professional layout designers and web designers based on an assessment of their portfolio (CV).
1.3. Production plan
For the implementation of the business project, it is planned to spend 200 thousand rubles of own funds and 800,000 rubles - borrowed funds in the form of a bank loan, i.e. All in all 1 million rubles.
All information is given as an example - this business plan is a sample with approximate calculations
At the moment, the IT-technologies segment is in the stage of dynamic growth. As a result of the penetration of broadband access into the regions of Russia, the development of mobile and wireless data transmission networks, there has been an increase in Internet users.
The preparatory period for the opening of the project is planned to be completed in full within six months.
The staff of the company will consist of 6 people: CEO, accountant, workers and four programmers, each of which is responsible for a specific project and is a highly specialized specialist.
Web studio staff
Estimated payroll will amount to 1659 thousand rubles. in the first year, 1893 thousand rubles. in the second year and 1962 thousand rubles. in the third year of the project.
Estimated revenue for the first year will amount to 3793.93 thousand rubles, for the second year - 6140.19 thousand rubles, and for the third year - 6278.12 thousand rubles.
Acquisition costs fixed assets are estimated at 634.88 thousand rubles. The amount of depreciation deductions is not calculated, since the organization will work on a simplified taxation system.
Cost of services provided in 2015 - 3918.55 thousand rubles, in 2016 - 3491.906 thousand rubles and in 2017 - 3527.547 thousand rubles, respectively. The decrease in cost in 2016 compared to 2015 is due to the write-off of the cost of fixed assets, and the increase in cost in 2017 compared to 2016 is due to an increase in the cost of staff salaries, the purchase of consumables for the subsequent creation of services. It should be noted that business plan calculation samples depend on the specific economic situation in the country.
1.4. Marketing plan
Marketing expenses are estimated at 13% of revenue in 2015, 4.2% in 2016 and 4.15% in 2017.
1.5. Financial plan
The financial results of the project implementation are estimated as follows. In the first year of operation, the financial result will be negative and the loss in 2015 will amount to 124.62 thousand rubles.
In 2016, the profit will be 2,648,284 rubles, and the maximum profit of 2,750,573 rubles will be achieved in 2017.
Cumulative net profit at the end of 2015 will be -230.807 thousand rubles, at the end of 2016 - +1813.725 thousand rubles, and at the end of 2017 - +4215.028 thousand rubles.
We will calculate the effectiveness of investments for the project
- Net present value:
NPV = 2947.435 rubles. - Internal rate of return (IRR):
2947.435 / (1 + x) 3 = 100 * 0.579;
2947.435 = 57.9 * (1 + x) 3;
(1 + x) 3 = 50.91;
x = 2.71, IRR = 271%. - Yield Index (PI):
PI = A / KV = 2947.435 / 1000.0 = 2.647
Index of return on investment > 1. This indicates that this project is effective. - Payback period (PP):
PP = 2 + = 2 + 0.7 = 2.7 quarters - Discounted payback period (DPP):
DPP = 3 + = 3 + 0.74 = 3.74 quarters
Thus, the payback period of the business project is 3.74 quarters, and a year after the start of the project, a guaranteed loan repayment and income generation will be carried out if the specified conditions for the project implementation are met.
2. How to write a business plan - video + ready sample
This sample includes all the main points and necessary calculations and can be used as an example of a business plan for your own development. It should also be noted that a detailed business plan sample with calculations can be bought from specialized companies.
You can also view the detailed grocery store business plan.
3. Write and implement a business plan
Now that you know about the basic principles of writing a specific business plan, try to implement your old business idea. Carefully consider each step, the business plan should be drawn up taking into account the characteristics of the market you are going to enter.
It is a document that highlights all the characteristics of the future organization, analyzes possible problems and risks, their forecast and methods by which they can be avoided.
Simply put, a business plan for an investor is the answer to the question “Should the project be financed or should it be thrown into the trash?”.
Important! A business plan is drawn up on paper, taking into account certain procedures and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and willingness to work. Also, the design on paper simplifies the perception of the idea by the investor.
Self-drawing up a business plan
Drawing up a business plan yourself is not so difficult, you just need to carefully consider the idea. Before you grab onto the calculator and calculate income, you need to take a few steps.
- Identify the "pros" and "cons" of the idea that has arisen. If the number of "minuses" rolls over - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be turned in the opposite direction, think about ways to solve such "cons".
- Competitiveness and market stability are important characteristics.
- The sales market needs to be thought out to the smallest detail.
- The payback of the product (service) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine the (approximately) required amount for investment.
If, after such a superficial analysis, you do not want to abandon your brainchild, then it's time to take a clean slate and start creating a business plan.
It is important to know! There is no single structure and step-by-step instructions on how to calculate a business plan. Therefore, the presence and order of the items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts have established the most optimal variant of the plan structure. If there is no experience in compiling such documents, you need to use these recommendations in order to correctly compose the work.
Structure and procedure for drawing up a business plan
The structure of a good business plan, according to economists, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.
Title page
The following parameters are specified here:
- name of the project;
- the name of the organization where the project is planned to be implemented, indicating telephone numbers, addresses and other contact details;
- head of the above organization;
- developer (team or leader) of a business plan;
- date of preparation of the document;
- it is allowed to place on the first sheet the most significant indicators of financial calculations for the project.
This document is necessary to protect the copyright of the idea and business plan. This reflects the awareness of the reader that he is not entitled to distribute the information contained in the document without the permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplicating the document, transferring it to another person, a requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the agreement.
An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be seen below.
The next 2 sections of the plan - "Brief summary" and "Main idea of the project" - are introductory. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for review) to partners and investors until negotiations are scheduled.
Brief Summary
Although a short summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. A summary is an abbreviated description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.
The following questions will help here, by answering which you can get a great resume:
- What product is the company planning to sell?
- Who wants to buy this product?
- What is the planned volume of sales (production) for the first year of the company? What will be the revenue from this?
- What is the total cost of the project?
- How will the enterprise be formed according to the organizational and legal form?
- How many workers are planned to attract?
- What is the required amount of capital investments for the implementation of the project?
- What are the sources of funding for this project?
- How much will be the total profit (profitability) for a specific period, payback period, amount of cash at the end of the first year of the enterprise, profitability. net discounted income.
It is important to know! The resume is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor will either become interested or bored. This part should not exceed 1 page.
The main idea of the project
- What is the main design goal?
- What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
- Are there any barriers to the goal and how to get around them?
- What exact actions does the author propose to perform in order to achieve results and achieve the goal as soon as possible? What are these timelines?
Important! It is necessary to give clear, real and explicit arguments that will confirm the confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.
In the same section, it is customary to use the conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak features of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. It is unlikely that it will be possible to make a business plan correctly and most completely without such an analysis.
The SWOT analysis reflects 2 aspects that affect the life of the organization: internal, relating to the enterprise itself, and external (everything outside the company that it cannot change).
Do not forget: you describe the enterprise, not the product! A common mistake of the authors is that they begin to write the characteristics of the product in the “strength” column.
Here are some parameters that can be used to describe strengths or weaknesses:
- high-tech production;
- service and after-sales service;
- multifunctionality of the product (without affecting its specific properties);
- level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
- the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.
External factors (“opportunities” and “threats”) include:
- market growth rates;
- the level of competition;
- political situation in the region, country;
- features of legislation;
- features of the consumer's solvency.
Example
Characteristics of the industry in the market
- dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
- growth rate of the market industry;
- trends and features of pricing;
- exhaustive assessment of competitors;
- search and indication of new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as a description of their activities;
- description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
- assessment of the possible impact of scientific, social, economic aspects;
- prospects for development in the market.
Essence of the project
This section reveals the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of preparedness of the enterprise for the release of "public", the availability of all the funds required for this.
The most important provisions in this section are:
- primary goals;
- description of the target consumer segment;
- key performance factors for market success;
- a detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which must be within the market segment defined above;
- stage of product development (if production is launched), patent and author's purity;
- characteristics of the organization;
- the total cost of the project, indicating the financing schedule for the periods and amounts of investments;
- the required expenses of the initial period for the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organizational structure.
Marketing plan
Here the tasks, goals of the marketing policy and methods for their solution and achievement are indicated. It is important to indicate which task is intended for which personnel, in what time frame it is required to complete it, and with what tools. The funds needed for the latter must also be indicated.
Marketing plan is a strategy, a set of successive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effectively return on their part.
The investor will be attentive to such points as:
- a well-developed system of comprehensive market research and analysis;
- the planned volume of sales of goods (services) and its range, scheduled for time periods until the enterprise reaches full capacity;
- ways to improve products;
- description of product packaging and pricing policy;
- procurement and marketing system;
- advertising strategy - clearly articulated and understandable;
- service planning;
- control over the implementation of the marketing strategy.
Production plan
Everything related directly to the creation of products is reflected in this part. Therefore, it is advisable to compile this section only for those companies that plan not only distribution, but also production.
Points to be noted:
- required production capacity;
- detailed interpretation of the technological process;
- a detailed description of the operations entrusted to subcontractors;
- the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of purchase or lease;
- subcontractors;
- required area for production;
- raw materials, resources.
It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.
organizational plan
At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still mandatory: it determines the compliance of the existing structure with the intended goals. The organizational part must necessarily contain the following data:
- name of the organizational and legal form (IP, OJSC, partnership and others);
- an organizational management system that reflects the structure in the form of a scheme, regulations and instructions, communications and dependencies of departments;
- founders, their description and data;
- management team;
- interaction with staff;
- supplying the control system with the necessary material and technical resources;
- company location.
Financial plan
This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by calculations of the level of profitability, payback periods, and financial stability of the enterprise.
The financial plan is very important for the investor, here he determines whether this project is attractive to him.
Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize them:
Risk Analysis
In a risk analysis, the author must investigate the project and discover potential threats that could lead to a decrease in revenue. It is necessary to take into account financial, industry, natural, social and other risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan to prevent them or minimize the impact on the company. Therefore, the business plan should include:
- a list of all potential problems;
- a set of methods and tools that prevent, eliminate or minimize risks;
- models of the company's behavior in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
- substantiation of the low probability of occurrence of such problems.
Applications
This is the last link in the structure of the business plan. It includes documents, quotations, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, references, letters from consumers, partners, statistics, calculation tables used in the preparation of this document. Attachments in the text of the business plan are required to insert links and footnotes.
General document requirements
- write a business plan in a clear, concise language, without long and complex wording;
- the desired volume is 20-25 pages;
- the business plan must cover all the information required by the investor in full;
- the document must necessarily be based on real facts, reasonable rational proposals;
- the plan must have a strategic foundation: strict, delineated and complete, with clear targets;
- interconnectedness, complexity and consistency are important features of drawing up a plan;
- the investor must see the future, the prospects for the development of the project idea;
- The flexibility of the business plan is a significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to the written project is a nice bonus for the investor;
- conditions and modes of control over the functioning of the enterprise should become part of the business plan.
Making a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but possible. It is important to adhere to the above rules, construction structure and avoid mistakes.
The most common mistakes
- Illiterate syllable
The rules of the language cannot be ignored. It often happens that the most incredible and promising idea flies into the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre IPs. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor presentation of the text completely discourage the desire of any investor.
- Careless design
The design should be the same throughout the document: bullets, headings, lists, font, size, numbering, spacing, etc. Contents, headings, numbering, names of figures and tables, designation of data on graphs are required!
- incomplete plan
To properly write a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The sections of the document listed above are the minimum that should be unconditionally included in the project.
- vague plan
Work should be "like in a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, specific, specific statements of goals and (important!) ideas.
- Too many details
The abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will only help in exams. For a business plan, you need to select only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of a process, then you can put it in an application.
- Unrealistic data
Such business proposals are based on assumptions. Therefore, the author needs to rationally approach the idea and have a reasonable background, a real reason supported by calculations.
- Few facts
For each assumption - its justification - real, valid. Facts give the work meaning and confidence. The fountain of facts is also not worth arranging, and if you are carried away, then we look at the rule about the details.
- "We have no risks!"
Rule of thumb: no business without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth surface." The investor knows this, and the author should also know this. Therefore, it's time to descend from the clouds to the ground and study, explore, analyze.
- “And we have no competitors either!”
The competitor, as well as the risk, is always there. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and an opponent will definitely appear on the horizon, waving your pen.
- Neglect of outside help
Creating a business plan on your own does not mean doing absolutely everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality result is possible through the joint efforts of several specialists. Don't be afraid of helpers!
Successful commercial activity is impossible without a good business plan. Every successful entrepreneur owes his success to a well-planned plan of action.
A detailed business plan with calculations will help you avoid mistakes and achieve the desired result as soon as possible. In this article, we will look at why such a plan of action is needed.
What is it and why is it needed
A business plan is a complete description of your future business. By acting according to the plan, you must succeed and get the maximum possible profit.
The business plan contains the following data:
- how much money will be needed to start the project;
- what are the main expenses and incomes;
- payback of the project and how it can be interesting for investors.
If you are planning to attract additional investments in your project, then without a detailed concept with calculations that show how profitable the project can be, not a single investor will dare to entrust you with their funds.
Moreover, a detailed business plan may be of interest to your future employees. Every self-respecting specialist, before getting a job, will ask about the goals and prospects for the development of the company.
Of course, the business concept is most beneficial for you, the entrepreneur. After all, it is you who needs to analyze everything, evaluate your strengths, get acquainted with what you expect from your project.
Business plan structure
In order not to burn out, the business plan should be as complete as possible and reflect all significant aspects of doing business.
Consider what it consists of:
- a short description of the idea or summary. This section prescribes a general idea of the project, goals, conclusions;
- detailed description of the project. Here you should describe what you will receive income from. Characteristics of the product, what makes it unique, differences from competitors, etc.;
- marketing analysis. This section allows you to evaluate the market, assume sales volumes, evaluate direct and indirect competitors;
- marketing plan. Includes a description of possible advertising campaigns, the cost of their implementation, marketing strategy. It is also permissible to include in it the method of pricing, as well as the distribution of goods;
- production plan. This aspect is considered only when the entrepreneur decides to link his business with production. The production process is difficult to describe, because it also includes a description of the purchase of raw materials, the search for suppliers, production costs;
- organizational plan. It is here that there are calculations on how many employees the organization needs, positions, organizational chart of work, a description of the interaction of officials;
- financial plan. The most interesting and useful section. So, it contains all the basic information about the financial component of the future business. Expected income and expenses, project financing schedule, indicators of how effective the project will be, break-even point. It is this section that interests you and investors in the first place;
- risks. Project risks can be completely different, ranging from competitors to unscrupulous suppliers. This section lists all possible risks and ways to minimize them.
As you can see, a ready-made business plan with calculations is a rather complicated document that requires a professional and comprehensive approach. Of course, you can try to compose it yourself. However, just imagine that this will be the first business plan in your life that cannot be 100% accurate and correct.
Most entrepreneurs today follow the easier path, which, however, always ends in success. When creating your own business, you can use a ready-made product that will not only be of high quality and as useful as possible, but also carry the correct calculations.
Functions
A ready-made business concept gives the entrepreneur the basis for doing business. It was not compiled by him, that is, it does not carry a subjective coloring. A ready-made business plan in a certain direction can be taken as a basis by an entrepreneur for its further refinement.
A ready-made business plan with calculations can be used for any type of business, whether it is manufacturing, agriculture or catering. A ready-made business plan, compiled by specialists, performs several important functions in an organization, the main of which, of course, is a strategic function.
Only a specialist who knows all the currents and directions of the market is able to draw up a strategy for the organization. Determining the course and direction of your actions is the basis for the success of any business.
In addition to the strategic, the business concept performs the following functions:
- activity planning. Associated with the strategic function, but aimed more at assessing the development of the organization. Management of business processes within the company, as well as the gradual opening of new directions is also included in this function;
- investment. The role of investment in the life of any self-respecting company cannot be denied. In order to get success and reach maximum profit at the initial stage, investments are required. It is up to the entrepreneur to attract investors or bank loans. However, in any case, when attracting a source of financing, a ready-made business plan will be required.
So, a business plan with calculations provides a complete picture of the organization, including an analysis of its activities, its position in the market, and advantages over competitors. Moreover, it determines the marketing strategy of the company as well as the organizational structure.
Benefits of using a turnkey solution
For a beginner in business, a plan for developing your business is what will help you not to go astray and not burn out. The plan is filled not only with advice, but also with ideas, as well as ways to implement them.
A ready-made business plan will also be appreciated by advanced entrepreneurs who know that the best solution in any issue is to transfer the management of the issue into the hands of a specialist, and not to undertake its implementation yourself.
For a beginner, a ready-made solution contains a maximum of useful information, including recommendations on choosing a form of ownership and a taxation system.
As a rule, ready-made unified business plans contain recommendations that will suit almost any company. Moreover, it includes calculations, including a financial forecast.
In addition, the finished business plan contains information on the costs associated with taxation and deductions to off-budget funds, as well as advice on how to optimize the process of deducting taxes and fees in the company.
The broader the business plan covers the activities of the organization, the better. After all, it depends on the details of the presentation how much it will contribute to the efficiency and profitability of the entrepreneur's activities.
In no case should you save on the purchase of a ready-made solution, because. buying a ready-made business plan with calculations for a small business is an investment in your future successful project.
A properly prepared business plan is the main assistant to an entrepreneur, without which a successful businessman cannot do without. Opportunities, problems, ways to solve them, financial indicators - all this contains a business plan, which is compiled by experts in their field, will lead the entrepreneur to success.
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