Many consider The Captain's Daughter a story, an ordinary story about life, love, the Pugachev uprising. In my opinion, this is not entirely accurate. If the history of life were introduced into the school curriculum, The Captain's Daughter would be the most faithful textbook. In this story, the little boy Petrusha turns into an adult and courageous Peter Grinev. He came to the Belogorsk fortress as a "mother's son", dreamed of a beautiful life in St. Petersburg, he was not worried about his own future. However, he leaves her already a determined, brave man.
Of course, this transformation was influenced by many factors, one of which was his love for Masha Mironova. He did not immediately fall in love with this girl, since Peter's new acquaintance, Shvabrin, presented Masha as an extreme fool. But later Grinev realized that Shvabrin's actions were controlled by unrequited love for Masha. It seems to me that Peter immediately liked Maria, but he believed Shvabrin so much that he was afraid to admit it even to himself.
There were many obstacles in the way of Masha and Peter. Shvabrin, who once seemed a very interesting and nice person, dramatically changed Grinev's attitude towards himself. He continued to dishonor Masha, Grinev could not stand this. The duel with Shvabrin shows how strong his feelings for Masha were. But Grinev's parents did not understand this. The father was categorically against the marriage of his son.
The unexpected attack of the Pugachevites changed the whole fate of Grinev. If he had not been in the Belogorsk fortress, he would never have known true loyalty to his homeland, his beloved girl, he would not have experienced the trials of life, he would not have figured out who Pugachev really is. Acquaintance with Pugachev unexpectedly played a big role in Grinev's pardon by Pugachev. If earlier Pugachev seemed to Peter an impostor who cares only about power, now he turned out to be an ordinary person with his own weaknesses, kind enough. And when Grinev came to ask him for help, he did not refuse, despite Peter's slightly impudent answer to Pugachev's request not to fight against him.
Shvabrin turned out to be not only a traitor to his country, but also a shameless hypocrite who took advantage of Grinev's departure to Orenburg. But for this he was punished by Pugachev, who learned from Peter that Shvabrin wants to forcefully marry Masha.
Compared to Grinev, Shvabrin seems to be a person deprived of all the qualities that Peter was endowed with. He was not familiar with such concepts as duty, honor, dignity. He did not respect the rights of women, and one might even say that he did not know how to love.
The story of Grinev's life in the Belogorsk fortress took a very large place in his notes. After all, it was in the Belogorsk fortress that Grinev learned to truly love, respect his country, and endure obstacles. And that's what made him a real man.
Pyotr Grinev is the main character in A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter". The reader goes through the entire life path of the protagonist, the formation of his personality, reveals his attitude to the ongoing events, of which he is a participant.
The kindness of the mother and the simplicity of the life of the Grinev family developed softness and even sensitivity in Petrusha. He is eager to go to the Semenovsky regiment, where he was assigned from birth, but his dreams of life in St. Petersburg are not destined to come true - his father decides to send his son to Orenburg.
And here is Grinev in the Belogorsk fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions, there is a village surrounded by a log fence, with thatched huts. Instead of a strict, angry boss, there is a commandant who went out for training in a cap and a dressing gown; Instead of a brave army, there are elderly invalids. Instead of a deadly weapon - an old cannon clogged with garbage. Life in the Belogorsk fortress reveals to the young man the beauty of the life of simple kind people, gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. “There was no other society in the fortress; but I didn’t want anything else, ”recalls Grinev, the author of the notes. Not military service, not reviews and parades attract a young officer, but conversations with nice, simple people, literature studies, love experiences. It is here, in the “God-saved fortress”, in the atmosphere of a patriarchal life, that the best inclinations of Pyotr Grinev grow stronger. The young man fell in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress Masha Mironova. Faith in her feelings, sincerity and honesty caused a duel between Grinev and Shvabrin: Shvabrin dared to laugh at the feelings of Masha and Peter. The duel ended unsuccessfully for the main character. During the recovery, Masha looked after Peter and this served to bring the two young people closer. However, their desire to get married was opposed by Grinev's father, who was angry with his son's duel and did not give his blessing for the marriage.
The quiet and measured life of the inhabitants of the distant fortress was interrupted by the Pugachev uprising. Participation in hostilities shook Peter Grinev, made him think about the meaning of human existence. The son of a retired major turned out to be an honest, decent, noble man; Hatred and disgust for cruelty and inhumanity, Grinev's humanity and kindness allowed him not only to save his life and the life of Masha Mironova, but also to earn the respect of Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the uprising, the rebel, the enemy.
Honesty, straightforwardness, loyalty to the oath, a sense of duty - these are the character traits that Peter Grinev acquired while serving in the Belogorsk fortress.
The role of the Belgorod fortress in the life of Grinev.
Many consider The Captain's Daughter a story, an ordinary story about life, love, the Pugachev uprising. In my opinion, this is not entirely accurate. If the history of life were introduced into the school curriculum, The Captain's Daughter would be the most faithful textbook. In this story, the little boy Petrusha turns into an adult and courageous Peter Grinev. He came to the Belogorsk fortress as a "mother's son", dreamed of a beautiful life in St. Petersburg, he was not worried about his own future. However, he leaves her already a determined, brave man.
Of course, this transformation was influenced by many factors, one of which was his love for Masha Mironova. He did not immediately fall in love with this girl, since Peter's new acquaintance, Shvabrin, presented Masha as an extreme fool. But later Grinev realized that Shvabrin's actions were controlled by unrequited love for Masha. It seems to me that Peter immediately liked Maria, but he believed Shvabrin so much that he was afraid to admit it even to himself.
There were many obstacles in the way of Masha and Peter. Shvabrin, who once seemed a very interesting and nice person, dramatically changed Grinev's attitude towards himself. He continued to dishonor Masha, Grinev could not stand this. The duel with Shvabrin shows how strong his feelings for Masha were. But Grinev's parents did not understand this. The father was categorically against the marriage of his son.
The unexpected attack of the Pugachevites changed the whole fate of Grinev. If he had not been in the Belogorsk fortress, he would never have known true loyalty to his homeland, his beloved girl, he would not have experienced the trials of life, he would not have figured out who Pugachev really is. Acquaintance with Pugachev unexpectedly played a big role in Grinev's pardon by Pugachev. If earlier Pugachev seemed to Peter an impostor who cares only about power, now he turned out to be an ordinary person with his own weaknesses, kind enough. And when Grinev came to ask him for help, he did not refuse, despite Peter's slightly impudent answer to Pugachev's request not to fight against him.
Shvabrin turned out to be not only a traitor to his country, but also a shameless hypocrite who took advantage of Grinev's departure to Orenburg. But for this he was punished by Pugachev, who learned from Peter that Shvabrin wants to forcefully marry Masha.
Compared to Grinev, Shvabrin seems to be a person deprived of all the qualities that Peter was endowed with. He was not familiar with such concepts as duty, honor, dignity. He did not respect the rights of women, and one might even say that he did not know how to love.
The story of Grinev's life in the Belogorsk fortress took a very large place in his notes. After all, it was in the Belogorsk fortress that Grinev learned to truly love, respect his country, and endure obstacles. And that's what made him a real man.
One of the works of the school curriculum, written by the Russian writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, is The Captain's Daughter. In this article, we will analyze the meaning of the place in which the youth Petrusha spiritually grew up and turned into a man, Pyotr Grinev. This is the Belogorsk fortress. What role does it play in the overall idea of the work? Let's figure it out.
How was the work created?
Before turning to the question of what plot and semantic functions the Belogorsk fortress performs and all the episodes that took place in it, it is necessary to turn directly to the history of the creation of the story. Not a single analysis of a work of art can do without an analysis of the events that served as an impetus for the creation of a particular creation, without a search for real prototypes of heroes.
The origins of the novel go back to the middle of 1832, when Alexander Sergeevich first addresses the topic of the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev in 1773-1775. First, the writer gets access to secret materials with the permission of the authorities, then, in 1833, he goes to Kazan, where he is looking for contemporaries of those events, who have already become old men. As a result, from the materials collected, the "History of the Pugach Rebellion" was formed, which was published in 1834, but did not satisfy Pushkin's artistic research.
The idea directly about a major work, with a renegade hero in the title role, who ended up in the Pugachev camp, has been matured by the author since 1832, while working on the no less famous novel Dubrovsky. At the same time, Alexander Sergeevich had to be extremely careful, because censorship, due to any trifle, could consider such a work “free-thinking”.
Prototypes of Grinev
The essential components of the story changed repeatedly: for some time, Alexander Sergeevich was looking for a suitable surname for the key character, until he eventually settled on Grinev. By the way, such a person was really listed in real documents. During the uprising, he was suspected of conspiring with "villains", but as a result, he was released from arrest due to lack of evidence of his guilt. However, another person acted as the prototype of the protagonist: initially it was supposed to take Lieutenant of the 2nd Grenadier Regiment Mikhail Shvanovich, but later Alexander Sergeevich chose another participant in the events described, Basharin, who was taken prisoner by the rebels, but fled, and eventually began to fight on side of the riot suppressors.
Instead of the planned one nobleman, two of them appeared on the pages of the book: the antagonist Shvabrin, the “vile villain”, was added to Grinev. This was done in order to circumvent censorship obstacles.
What is the genre?
The work, in which the Belogorsk fortress will play a significant role, was interpreted by the author himself as a historical novel. However, today, most researchers of literary criticism, due to the small volume of a literary work, attribute it to the genre of the story.
Belogorsk fortress: what did it look like?
The fortress appears in the story after the main character, Petrusha Grinev, reaches the age of 16. The father decides to send his son to serve in the army, which the young man thinks about with joy: he assumes that he will be sent to St. Petersburg, where he can continue to lead a wild, cheerful life. However, things turn out a little differently. Where does the young Grinev end up as a result? In the Belogorsk fortress, which, however, turned out to be even worse than her young man imagined.
Located in the Orenburg province, it was, in fact, a village surrounded by a wooden log palisade! Here Captain Mironov, the managing commandant, who, according to Petrusha, should have been a firm, stern, strict old man, turned out to be affectionate and gentle, met the young man in a simple way, like a son, and conducted military exercises at all in a “cap and in Chinese bathrobe." The brave army consisted entirely of old invalids who could not remember where the right was and where the left was, and the only defensive weapon in the fortress was an old cast-iron cannon, from which it is not known when they fired the last time.
Life in the Belogorsk fortress: how Peter's attitude is changing
Over time, however, Grinev changed his mind about the Belogorsk fortress: here he was engaged in literature, he was surrounded by kind, bright and wise people with whom he liked to talk - this especially applied to the Mironov family, that is, to the commandant himself, his wife and daughter Masha. Peter's feelings flared up for the latter, because of which the young man stood up to defend the honor of the girl and his attitude towards her in front of the vile, envious, jealous Shvabrin.
A duel took place between the men, as a result of which Grinev was dishonestly wounded, but this only brought him even closer to Masha. Despite the lack of blessing from Father Peter, the lovers continued to be faithful to each other in words and deeds.
After the conquest of the fortress by Emelyan Pugachev and his bandit gang, the idyll collapses. At the same time, Peter continues to remember and honor the best moments of his life spent here and does not betray this place even after it is in the hands of the rebels. He flatly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, and even the fear of death does not frighten him. The protagonist is ready to follow the commandant and other killed defenders of the fortress. However, the leader of the uprising agrees to spare Grinev for his integrity, honesty, loyalty to honor.
Grinev will find himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the essay about which is presented in detail in this article, and after the events described, because he will return here in order to save his beloved Masha, captured by the defector Shvabrin. As you can see, the fortress is one of the central places in the work. There are a large number of important, from the point of view of the plot and the development of the action, episodes.
Meaning
The composition "Belogorskaya Fortress" cannot end without a description of the meaning of this place in the semantic structure of the story. The fortress is one of the most important components of the formation of the hero's personality. It is here that Grinev meets with serious love, here he encounters the enemy. As a result, it is within the walls of the fortress that Peter turns from a boy into a mature person, a man capable of bearing responsibility for his actions.
Here he thinks about many truly philosophical matters, for example, about the meaning of life, about honor, about the value of human life. Here his morality and purity finally crystallize.
Obviously, it was simply impossible to think of a better place - Pushkin's genius showed that appearance is not as important as life itself, life, traditions, culture of a certain place. Belogorsk fortress is an element that accumulates everything truly Russian, folk, national.
The story "The Captain's Daughter" is written in the form of memoirs of the protagonist - Peter Grinev. Petrusha's childhood was free and free, he "lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with yard boys." But upon reaching the age of sixteen, his father decides to send Peter to serve in the army. Petrusha rejoiced at this, because he hoped to serve in St. Petersburg, in the guards, and was sure that life there would be as easy and carefree as in his native home. The father rightly judged that Petersburg could only teach a young man to “wind and hang out”, so he sends his son to the general with a letter in which he asks his old friend to assign Peter to serve in a safe place and be stricter with him.
Thus, Pyotr Grinev, upset by the far from pleasing prospects for his future, ends up in the Belogorsk fortress. At first, he expected to see a “deaf fortress” on the border of the Kirghiz-Kaisak steppes: with formidable bastions, towers and ramparts. Captain Mironov Peter imagined "a strict, angry old man who knows nothing but his service." What was Peter's astonishment when he drove up to the real Belogorsk fortress - "a village surrounded by a log fence"! Of all the formidable weapons - only an old cast-iron cannon, which serves not so much for the defense of the fortress, but for the games of the children. The commandant turns out to be an affectionate, kind old man of "high growth", he goes out to conduct exercises dressed at home - "in a cap and in a Chinese dressing gown." No less unexpected for Peter was the sight of a brave army - the defenders of the fortress: "twenty old invalids with long braids and triangular hats", of which most could not remember where the right was and where the left was.
Quite a bit of time passed, and Grinev was already glad that fate had brought him to this “God-saved” village. The commandant and his family turned out to be nice, simple, kind and honest people, to whom Peter became attached with all his heart and became a frequent and long-awaited guest in this house.
In the fortress "there were no reviews, no exercises, no guards", and nevertheless, the young man, not burdened by the service, was promoted to officer.
Communication with pleasant and nice people, literature studies, and especially the love for Masha Mironova awakened in Peter's heart played an important role in shaping the character of the young officer. With readiness and determination, Pyotr Grinev stands up to defend his feelings and the good name of Masha before the vile and dishonest Shvabrin. Shvabrin's dishonest blow in a duel brought Grinev not only a serious wound, but also Masha's attention and care. The successful recovery of Peter brings the young people together, and Grinev proposes to the girl, confessing his love before that. However, Masha's pride and nobility do not allow her to marry Peter without the consent and blessing of his parents. Unfortunately, Grinev's father believes that this love is just a whim of a young man, and does not give his consent to marriage. material from the site
The arrival of Pugachev with his "gang of bandits and rebels" destroyed the life of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress. During this period, the best features and moral qualities of Pyotr Grinev are revealed. Sacredly he fulfills his father's covenant: "Take care of honor from a young age." He boldly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev even after the commandant and many other defenders of the Belogorsk fortress were killed before his eyes. With his kindness, honesty, directness and decency, Peter managed to earn the respect and location of Pugachev himself.
It is not for himself that Peter's heart hurts during his participation in military actions. He worries about the fate of his beloved, who at first remained an orphan, then captured by the defector Shvabrin, Grinev feels that, once confessing his feelings to Masha, he took responsibility for the future of a lonely and defenseless girl.
Thus, we see how important the period he spent in the Belogorsk fortress played in the life of Pyotr Grinev. During this time, the hero managed to grow up and mature, he thought about the meaning and value of human life, and in communicating with various people, all the richness of the moral purity of the hero was revealed.
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