Initially, the reader only knows about him that he is a medical student who has come to the village for the holidays. The story about this episode of his life, in fact, is the plot of "Fathers and Sons". First, Bazarov visits the family of his friend Arkady Kirsanov, then he goes with him to the provincial city, where he meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, lives for some time in her estate, but after an unsuccessful declaration of love he is forced to leave and, finally, ends up in his parents' house, where he was heading from the beginning. He does not live long in the estate of his parents, longing drives him away and instructs him to repeat the same route again. In the end, it turns out that there is no place for him anywhere. Bazarov returns home again and soon dies.
Bazarov calls himself a “nihilist”, this definition sounds somewhat mysterious at first, but soon its meaning becomes completely clear: a contemporary reader can easily recognize in the hero an exponent in the most extreme form of the ideas and moods of revolutionary youth. Bazarov proclaims the idea of "complete and merciless denial", not recognizing any limits that can limit its implementation. Together with the “decrees” of the obsolete feudal system and liberal reformism, he also categorically denies love, poetry, music, the beauty of nature, philosophical thinking, family ties, altruistic feelings, such moral categories as duty, right, obligation. Bazarov acts as a merciless opponent of traditional humanism: in the eyes of the “nihilist”, humanistic culture turns out to be a refuge for the weak and timid, creating beautiful illusions that can serve as their justification. The “nihilist” equally opposes the humanistic ideals of the enlightened elite and the beliefs or prejudices of the ignorant masses with the truths of natural science, which affirm the cruel logic of life-struggle. Bazarov considers it necessary to start history anew, from scratch, regardless of either its objective logic or "popular opinion." And all these are not only ideas, before the reader is a man of a really new formation, impudent, strong, incapable of illusions and compromises, who has achieved complete inner freedom, ready to go towards his goal, crushing or hating everything that opposes him. In disputes with the moderate liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, Bazarov easily wins. On his side are not only the advantages of youth and the novelty of his position.
Turgenev sees that “nihilism” is deeply connected with social disorganization and popular discontent, that it is a natural expression of the spirit of the time, when everything in Russia is overestimated and turned upside down. Turgenev acknowledges that the role of the "advanced class" is shifting from the noble intelligentsia to the raznochintsy. But this is only part of the truth revealed to the reader in Fathers and Sons. Turgenev leads Bazarov through the circles of life's trials. The hero experiences tragic love, longing for loneliness, and even a kind of “world sorrow”. It reveals its dependence on the ordinary laws of human life, one hundred participation in ordinary human interests, concerns and suffering. Bazarov's initial self-confidence disappears, his inner life becomes more and more complex and contradictory. Gradually, the measure of the objective rightness and wrongness of the hero becomes clear. “Complete and merciless denial” turns out to be partly justified as the only, according to Turgenev, serious attempt to really change the world, putting an end to contradictions that neither the efforts of social parties nor the influence of centuries-old ideals of humanism can resolve. However, for Turgenev it is also indisputable that the logic of “nihilism” inevitably leads to freedom without obligations, to action without love, to searches without faith. Turgenev does not find in "nihilism" a creative creative force: the changes that the "nihilist" provides for real people, in fact, are tantamount to their destruction.
"Nihilism", according to Turgenev, challenges the enduring values of the spirit and the natural foundations of life. This is seen as the tragic guilt of the hero, the cause of his inevitable death.
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- Turgenev began work on the novel in early August 1860, and finished it in July 1861. “Fathers and Sons” appeared in the February book of the magazine “Russian Messenger” for 1862. Turgenev based the novel on the conflict between noble liberalism Read More ......
- In the novel "Fathers and Sons" we are talking about an acute, irreconcilable Conflict between aristocrats and Democrats, between liberals and Revolutionaries-raznochintsy. Although I. S. Turgenev did not believe in the prospects of the Bazarov case, he perfectly understood the superiority of “children” over liberal “fathers”. Liberals were class Read More ......
- The novel reveals the cruel and complex process of breaking the old, established social relations. This process appeared in the novel as a destructive element that changes the usual course of life. Turgenev builds the novel in such a way that Bazarov is a nihilist and Pavel Kirsanov is always in the spotlight. Read More ......
- The hidden plot line of the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” is the crisis of the serfdom and the need for its destruction. Against the background of this line, the conflict of “fathers and children” unfolds. The idea of the novel, according to the definition of the author himself, is to show the “triumph of democracy over the aristocracy”. Read More ......
- “Fathers and Sons” is one of the eternal works of Russian literature. And not only because new generations of readers perceive the difficult position of the author in different ways, but also because the novel captures the eternal and inevitable moment for history of a change of generations, a clash of ideas, Read More ......
- The great Russian writer I. S. Turgenev subtly felt everything that was happening in the public life of Russia. In the novel "Fathers and Sons" he touches on the problem of "fathers" and "children" that was burning for the sixties of the last century. The two generations compared by Turgenev in this work do not diverge Read More ......
- Throughout the novel "Fathers and Sons" I. A. Turgenev systematically leads the main character - Evgeny Bazarov - through many trials that debunk his nihilistic theory. The most serious and painful for the hero was the “test of love”, which turned his whole life upside down, made Read More ......
- The novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” reflected the social atmosphere that had developed on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861, when a diverse intelligentsia appeared in Russia. These were people who came from poor strata of society: doctors, priests, petty officials. This generation of “kids” has been set up extremely Read More ......
"Fathers and Sons". A nihilist, a young commoner, a student whose future profession is a doctor. Nihilism is a philosophical movement whose representatives questioned the values accepted in society. In the second half of the 19th century in Russia, this was the name given to young people with atheistic and materialistic views who wanted changes in the established state system and social order and had a negative attitude towards religion.
This term was found in critical literature even before Turgenev, but after the release of "Fathers and Sons" it dispersed and began to be used in everyday speech. The word "nihilist" turned into a characteristic of young men and women, whose composite image in literature was Yevgeny Bazarov. The hero remains in the minds of today's man the embodiment of nihilism as a denial of the old, including the "old" ideas about love and human relationships.
History of creation
The idea of "Fathers and Sons" began to form with Turgenev in 1860, when he was in England on the Isle of Wight. The prototype of Yevgeny Bazarov was a young doctor from the provinces, a random companion of Turgenev, with whom the writer was traveling on a train. The trip turned out to be difficult - the track was covered with snow, the train stopped for a day at some tiny station. Turgenev managed to communicate closely with a new acquaintance, they talked for the night, and the writer turned out to be very interested in the interlocutor. A casual acquaintance of the writer turned out to be a nihilist. The views of this man and even his profession formed the basis of the image of Bazarov.
The novel itself was created quickly, in comparison with the speed with which Turgenev worked on other works. Less than two years passed from the idea to the first publication. The plan of the book was drawn up by the writer in Paris, where he arrived in the autumn of 1860. There Turgenev began to work on the text. The author planned to finish the work by the spring of that year in order to bring the text ready for publication to Russia, but the creative process stalled. Winter left to write the first chapters, and by the spring of 1861 the novel was only half finished. Turgenev wrote in a letter:
"Paris doesn't work and the whole thing is stuck in half."
The author finishes work in the summer of 1861, already at home, in the village of Spasskoye. By September, corrections were made, and Turgenev returned with the novel to Paris to read the text to friends there, correct and supplement something. In the spring of 1982, "Fathers and Sons" was published for the first time in the journal "Russian Messenger", and in the autumn they were published as a separate book.
In this final version, the image of Bazarov is made less repulsive, the author saves the hero from some unsightly features, and this is where the character's evolution ends. Turgenev himself described Bazarov in the list of characters when he made a preliminary portrait of the hero:
"Nihilist. Self-confident, speaks abruptly and a little, hardworking. Lives small; does not want to be a doctor, he is waiting for an opportunity. He knows how to speak with the people, although in his heart he despises them. He does not have and does not recognize an artistic element ... He knows quite a lot - he is energetic, he can be liked by his swagger. In essence, the most fruitless subject is the antipode of Rudin - for without any enthusiasm and faith ... An independent soul and a prideful person of the first hand.
Biography
The time of action of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the years immediately before the abolition of serfdom (which took place in 1861), when advanced ideas were already beginning to appear in society, especially among young people. Yevgeny Bazarov is of half noble origin. His father, a poor retired army surgeon, spent his life in a rural environment, managing the estate of his noble wife. Educated, but modern progressive ideas bypassed him. Eugene's parents are people of conservative views, religious, but they love their son and tried to give him the best upbringing and education.
Eugene, like his father, chose the career of a doctor and entered the university, where he became friends with Arkady Kirsanov. Bazarov "instructs" a friend in nihilism, infecting him with his own views. Together with Arkady, the protagonist arrives at the Kirsanovs' estate, where he meets his friend's father Nikolai and his father's elder brother Pavel Petrovich. Opposite views on life and character traits of both heroes lead to conflict in a collision.
Pavel Kirsanov is a proud aristocrat, an adherent of liberal ideas, a retired officer. Behind the hero is a tragic love that happened to him in his youth. In Fenechka, the daughter of the housekeeper and mistress of his brother Nikolai, he sees a certain Princess R., a former lover. The unpleasant situation with Fenechka becomes an occasion for a duel between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov. The latter, left alone with Fenechka, kisses the girl, to which Pavel Kirsanov turns out to be an indignant witness.
Yevgeny Bazarov adheres to revolutionary and democratic views, the environment of the liberals-Kirsanovs is ideologically alien to the hero. With Pavel Petrovich, the hero constantly argues about art, nature, human relations, nobility - the characters do not find a common language in anything. When Bazarov falls in love with Anna Odintsova, a wealthy widow, he has to reconsider some of his views on the nature of human feelings.
But Eugene does not find mutual understanding. Anna believes that serene calm is the main thing in life. The heroine does not need unrest, Anna treats Bazarov with some sympathy, but does not respond to the confession so as not to worry.
Having visited the estate of Odintsova, Bazarov, together with Arkady, goes to his parents for three days, and from there back to the Kirsanovs' estate. Just at this time, the scene of flirting with Fenechka takes place, after which Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov shoot themselves in a duel.
After these events, the hero decides to devote his life to medical practice. Eugene's attitude to work was such that he could not sit idle. Only work justified existence. Bazarov returns to his mother's estate, where he begins to treat everyone who needs medical help.
Carrying out an autopsy of a person who died due to typhus, the hero inadvertently injures himself and after a while dies due to blood poisoning. After the death of the hero, as if in mockery of the views of Bazarov, a religious rite is performed - a touch that completes the tragic fate of the hero.
Turgenev describes the appearance of the hero as follows: Bazarov has a long and thin face, a wide forehead, a pointed nose, large eyes, a greenish tint, and drooping sand-colored sideburns.
The hero sees the meaning of life in clearing a place in society for the sprouts of the new, but slips into a complete denial of the cultural and historical past of mankind, declaring that art is not worth a penny, and society needs only butchers and shoemakers.
Image and film adaptations
In Russian cinema, Evgeny Bazarov appeared three times. All three adaptations bear the same name - "Fathers and Sons", like the novel itself. The first tape was filmed in 1958 by the Lenfilm studio. The role of Bazarov was played by the Soviet actor Viktor Avdyushko. The next film adaptation came out in 1984. Bazarov, performed by Vladimir Bogin, looks like a very self-confident young man.
The latest film adaptation was released in 2008. This is a four-episode mini-series directed by , who also co-wrote the script. He acted as Bazarov. From ideological strife, here the emphasis is shifted to love relationships and the possibility of finding happiness for the heroes. The scriptwriters interpreted this work by Turgenev as a family novel.
- The scriptwriters added some expressive moments to the film "on their own", Turgenev did not have this. The famous scene where Bazarov confesses his love to Anna takes place among the glass and crystal that fill the room. These scenery are designed to emphasize the fragility and beauty of the noble world, which Bazarov invades like an "elephant in a china shop", and the fragility of the characters' relationship.
- The script also included a scene in which Anna gives Bazarov a ring. This moment is absent in the text, but it was introduced to emphasize Bazarov's inner resemblance to Pavel Petrovich (the latter's lover once did the same for him).
- Director Avdotya Smirnova was originally going to give the role of Pavel Kirsanov to her own father, an actor and director.
- The scenes on the estates were filmed in real "Turgenev" places. For the filming of the Kirsanov estate, the film crew was allowed to use an outbuilding in the Turgenev estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. The estate itself is a museum, where many originals are stored, so they are not allowed to take pictures there. Restoration was planned in the wing. In another Turgenev estate - Ovstyug, near Bryansk - they rented the estate of Anna Odintsova. But the house of Evgeny Bazarov's parents had to be built specifically for filming. For this purpose, old buildings were searched for in the villages.
- The ten-month-old child of one of the museum employees in the Turgenev estate played the role of Fenechka's little son. In Bryansk, local theater workers were involved in the filming, they played the role of servants.
- To create only outfits for ladies, costume designer Oksana Yarmolnik had to spend 5 months. The costumes, however, are not authentic, but are deliberately close to modern fashion, so that the viewer can more easily feel sympathy for the characters and delve into the ups and downs of their lives. Completely reconstructed costumes made the film look like a historical play and alienated the viewer from what is happening on the screen, so it was decided to sacrifice authenticity.
- The scenes allegedly taking place on the city streets were actually filmed on location at Mosfilm.
- The dishes and wallpapers that the viewer sees in the frame were created specifically for filming, so that they correspond to the spirit of the times.
Quotes
"A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet."
“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”
“See what I do; there was an empty place in the suitcase, and I put hay in it; so it is in our life suitcase; no matter what they fill it with, as long as there is no emptiness. ”
"Upbringing? - picked up Bazarov. - Every person must educate himself - well, at least like me, for example ... And as for time - why will I depend on it? Let it better depend on me. No, brother, this is all licentiousness, emptiness! And what is the mysterious relationship between a man and a woman? We physiologists know what these relationships are. You study the anatomy of the eye: where does the mysterious look come from, as you say? It's all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art."
Events that are described in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" on the eve of the peasant reform. The progressive public was divided into liberals and revolutionary democrats. Some welcomed the reform, while others were against such reform.
Yevgeny Bazarov appears in the center of the novel. And Turgenev's novel begins with Bazarov's arrival at the Kirsanovs' estate. Bazarov was the son of a doctor, he also went through a harsh school, then studied at the university for pennies, was fond of various sciences, knew botany, agricultural technology, geology well, he never refuses medical care to people, in general he is proud of himself. But he aroused rejection and interest among people with his appearance: tall, old raincoat, long hair. The author also emphasized his mind, pointing to the skull and face, expressing self-confidence. But the Kirsanovs were the best of the nobles. Bazarov's views evoke different feelings in them.
The characterization of Bazarov in the novel "Fathers and Sons" sounds in one word: he is a nihilist, he vividly defends his position of denying everything. He speaks badly about art. Nature is not an object of admiration for the hero, it is not a temple for him, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it. And Bazarov calls love an unnecessary feeling. Bazarov's views are not typical of representatives of the radical nobility.
The author takes his hero through many trials, as well as through trials of love. When he had a meeting with Odintsova, Bazarov was sure that there was no love, and there would not be at all. He looks at women indifferently. Anna Sergeevna for him is only a representative of one of the categories of mammals. He said that her rich body was worthy of the theater, but he did not think about her as a person. Then, unexpectedly for him, a feeling flares up that introduces him into a state of absent-mindedness. The longer he was visiting Odintsova, the closer he converges with her, the more he becomes attached to her.
A person who strongly believed in his theory of nihilism, accepting it 100%, breaks down at the first real life situation. True love overtakes the hero of the novel Bazarov and he does not know what to do and how to do the right thing. He does not lose his pride because of an unrequited feeling, he simply steps aside.
Bazarov's attitude towards others is different. He tries to captivate Arkady with his theory. He hates Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, and considers Nikolai Petrovich a kind, but already obsolete person. A sense of internal confrontation with himself grows inside him. Trying to build his life on the basis of nihilism, he cannot subordinate it to all these dry canons.
Denying the existence of honor, he, at the same time, accepts a challenge to a duel, as he considers it right. Despising the principle of nobility, he behaves like a fool, exactly noble, which Pavel Kirsanov himself admits. Actions that require a certain analysis of Bazarov are frightening and he does not always understand what to do.
No matter how Bazarov tries, he fails to hide his tender feelings for his parents. This is especially evident at the moment of approaching the death of Bazarov. Saying goodbye to Odintsova, he asks not to forget the old people. The realization that Bazar is a nihilist, but he believes in the existence of love, is painful and painful for him.
This publication will help students in grade 10 when writing a report or essay on the topic "Eugene Bazarov".
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Books
- About t ts and de t and , Andreeva N .. Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov graduated from the medical institute. Brilliant prospects, hopes and plans lie ahead. And this significant event should be celebrated with a loud feast in a nightclub! ... Buy for 225 rubles
- About t ts and de t and, Natalya Andreeva. Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov graduated from the Medical Institute. Brilliant prospects, hopes and plans lie ahead. And this significant event should be celebrated with a loud feast in a nightclub! ...
The image of Evgeny Bazarov
Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist, which means he is a materialist who does not recognize dogmas, who checks everything only by experience. He is a doctor, he is fond of natural sciences. Every day he is filled with work, new searches. He always finds something to do. "Bazarov got up very early and went two or three miles away, not to walk - he could not stand walking without a goal - but to collect herbs." Bazarov confessed to Arkady that the passion for work made him a man. "Only with your work you need to achieve the goal," Bazarov believes. He says that a knowing person is a person. In Maryino and the estate of his parents, this nihilist heals the sick. He is always where his knowledge is needed. These qualities distinguish him from other heroes of the novel, including from the "new" people.
Bazarov is a man of action. However, he is harsh in his assessments and opinions. Creation does not recognize, says: "First you need to clear the place ...". Beauty, aesthetic pleasure denies completely. "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." He speaks sharply about people, shows intolerance to their opinions. He claims that people like Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov are not needed by society. They do not know how to work, they do not love their people.
But, apparently, people like Bazarov were needed by Russian society, like a gadfly to a bull, so that this society would wake up from hibernation and look at itself objectively. Such as our hero, appear only in certain eras, and the harshness of their manifestation of the contradictions of time. But we cannot but admire Bazarov's fortitude, firmness and inflexibility, his ability to face the truth even before his death.
This wrestler understands that his life will be hard, and the path he follows will require many sacrifices from him. But he does not change his convictions. It is this quality that attracts us in this image. His spiritual strength is also manifested in love. The fact that Bazarov fell in love with an extraordinary woman speaks volumes. He saw her mind, breadth of outlook, originality of views on life. And it raises it in our eyes. Bazarov, in conversations with his beloved woman, shares his thoughts and views with her. Convinced that she is not able to go through all the hardships to which Bazarov goes, he directly explains to her. And Anna Sergeevna understands that before her is a man who will sacrifice everything, even love, for the sake of his cause. Many critics of that time wrote that love unsettled Bazarov. But it's not. Of course, it is difficult for him, he worries and breaks himself. And, if not for death, Eugene, no doubt, would have overcome his "weakness", as he called love.
In many ways strange to us and not at all pleasant, Evgeny Bazarov at the same time attracts us with such features that almost every person would like to see in himself and his chosen one.
In 1861, the year of the abolition of serfdom, Turgenev wrote his best novel, Fathers and Sons, which he dedicated to the memory of the great Russian commoner Belinsky. The novel reflects the breath of the era. The topicality of the work lies in the fact that the author vividly reproduces the situation in Russia on the eve of the reform, and also draws the image of a new person who, in a collision with the old world doomed to death, proves "the triumph of democracy with the old world doomed to death, proves" the triumph of democracy over aristocracy". The "new" person is Bazarov. How do we see him? He is shown in a long "hoodie with tassels", with "naked red hands", who do not know gloves and are accustomed to work.
Who is he?
One cannot, of course, accept Bazarov's bare denial. It is impossible to live without beauty, art, love for nature. And one cannot but agree with one young poet:
nature temple,
not only a workshop
Where such a trifle was not taken into account,
What can
all stamens distinguishing,
Don't love a single flower.
No, no, it's better to believe
