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Information about the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree. Order of the Patriotic War II degree

Information about the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree. Order of the Patriotic War II degree

23.09.2019

Established by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 20, 1942. Later, some changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, and the statute of the order - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947.

Statute of the Order.

Order of the Patriotic War Persons of the rank and file and commanding staff of the Red Army, the Navy, the NKVD troops and partisan detachments who showed bravery, stamina and courage in the battles for the Soviet Motherland, as well as military personnel who, by their actions, contributed to the success of military operations of our troops, are awarded.

The Order of the Patriotic War is awarded by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Order of the Patriotic War consists of two degrees: I and II degrees. The highest degree of the order is the 1st degree. The degree of the order awarded to the recipient is determined by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, is awarded to:

Who accurately hit and destroyed a particularly important object behind enemy lines;
Who courageously performed their duties in the crew of the aircraft during the performance of a combat mission, for which the navigator or pilot was awarded the Order of Lenin;

heavy bomber aviation - 4 aircraft;
long-range bomber aviation - 5 aircraft;
short-range bomber aviation - 7 aircraft;
attack aircraft - 3 aircraft;
fighter aircraft - 3 aircraft.

heavy bomber aviation - 20th successful combat flight;
long-range bomber aviation - 25th successful sortie;
short-range bomber aviation - 30th successful combat sortie;
assault aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
fighter aircraft - 60th successful sortie;
long-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
short-range reconnaissance aviation - 30th successful combat sortie;
corrective aviation - 15th successful sortie;
communications aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 30th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy;
transport aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 15th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.

Who organized a clear and continuous management of aviation units;
Who organized the clear and systematic work of the headquarters;
Who managed to restore the damaged aircraft, which made an emergency landing on enemy territory, and release it into the air;
Who managed to restore at least 10 aircraft at the forward airfield under enemy fire;
Who, under enemy fire, managed to take out all the supplies from the airfield and, having mined it, did not allow the enemy to land planes on it;
Who personally destroyed 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy, or as part of a gun crew - 3 heavy or medium, or 5 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;
Who suppressed at least 5 enemy batteries with artillery fire;
Who destroyed at least 3 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;
Who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 4 enemy tanks or 4 guns in battle;
Who, under enemy fire, evacuated from the battlefield at least 3 tanks knocked out by the enemy;
Who, despising the danger, was the first to break into the bunker (bunker, trench or dugout) of the enemy, decisively destroyed his garrison and gave our troops the opportunity to quickly capture this line;
Who, under enemy fire, built a bridge, corrected the crossing, destroyed by the enemy; who, under enemy fire, on behalf of the command, personally blew up a bridge or crossing in order to delay the movement of the enemy;
Who, under enemy fire, established technical or personal communication, corrected the technical means of communication destroyed by the enemy, and thereby ensured the continuity of command and control of the combat operations of our troops;
Who during the battle, on a personal initiative, threw a gun (battery) into an open position and shot the advancing enemy and his equipment point-blank;
Who, commanding a unit or subdivision, destroyed the enemy of superior strength;
Who, participating in a cavalry raid, cut into the enemy group and destroyed it;
Who captured the enemy's artillery battery with a fight;
Who, as a result of personal reconnaissance, established the weak points of the enemy’s defense and brought our troops to the rear of the enemy;
Who, being a member of the crew of a ship, an aircraft or a combat crew of a coastal battery, drowned a warship or two enemy transports;
Who organized and successfully landed an amphibious assault on enemy territory;
Who, under enemy fire, took his damaged ship out of the battle;
Who captured and brought the enemy warship to their base;
Who successfully carried out the setting of a minefield on the approaches to enemy bases;
Who by repeated trawling successfully ensured the combat activity of the fleet;
Who successfully eliminated damage in battle ensured the restoration of the ship's combat capability or the return of the damaged ship to the base;
Who perfectly organized the logistics of the operation of our troops, which contributed to the defeat of the enemy.

The Order of the Patriotic War II degree is awarded to:

Who courageously performed their duties in the crew of the aircraft during the performance of a combat mission for which the navigator or pilot was awarded the Order of the Red Banner;
Who shot down in an air battle, being part of the crew:

heavy bomber aviation - 3 aircraft;
long-range bomber aviation - 4 aircraft;
short-range bomber aviation - 6 aircraft;
attack aircraft - 2 aircraft;
fighter aircraft - 2 aircraft.

Who committed, as part of the crew:

heavy bomber aviation - 15th successful combat flight;
long-range bomber aviation - the 20th successful sortie;
short-range bomber aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
assault aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
fighter aviation - the 50th successful sortie;
long-range reconnaissance aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie;
short-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie;
corrective aviation - 10th successful sortie;
communications aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 20th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy;
transport aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 10th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.

Who managed to restore, master and use the captured captured aircraft in combat conditions;
Who managed to restore at least 5 aircraft at the forward airfield under enemy fire;
Who personally destroyed 1 heavy or medium, or 2 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy with artillery fire, or as part of a gun crew - 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;
Who destroyed the enemy's firepower with artillery or mortar fire, ensuring the successful actions of our troops;
Who suppressed at least 3 enemy batteries with artillery or mortar fire;
Who destroyed at least 2 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;
Who destroyed at least 3 enemy firing points with his tank and thereby contributed to the advancement of our advancing infantry;
Who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 3 enemy tanks or 3 guns in battles;
Who, under enemy fire, evacuated from the battlefield 2 tanks knocked out by the enemy;
Who destroyed an enemy tank on the battlefield or behind enemy lines with grenades, bottles with a combustible mixture or explosives;
Who, leading a unit or subunit surrounded by the enemy, defeated the enemy, withdrew his unit (subunit) from the encirclement without losing weapons and military equipment;
Who made his way to the enemy's firing positions and destroyed at least one gun, three mortars or three machine guns of the enemy;
Who at night removed the guard post (watch, secret) of the enemy or captured him;
Which of the personal weapons shot down one enemy aircraft;
Who, fighting with superior enemy forces, did not give up an inch of their positions and caused great damage to the enemy;
Who organized and maintained in difficult combat conditions continuous communication between the command and the troops fighting, and thereby contributed to the success of the operation of our troops;
Who, being a member of the crew of a ship, aircraft or coastal battery combat crew, disabled or damaged a warship or one enemy transport;
Who captured and brought enemy transport to their base;
Who, by timely detection of the enemy, prevented an attack on the ship, the base;
Who ensured the successful maneuvering of the ship, as a result of which the enemy ship was sunk or damaged;
Who, with skillful and precise work, ensured the successful combat work of the ship (combat unit);
Who organized the uninterrupted logistics of the unit, formation, army and thereby contributed to the success of the unit, formation.

Awarding the Order of the Patriotic War can be repeated for new feats and distinctions.

The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, is worn by the awarded on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

The Order of the Patriotic War II degree is worn on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.

Description of the order.

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, is an image of a convex five-pointed star covered with ruby-red enamel against the background of golden rays diverging in the form of a five-pointed polished star, the ends of which are placed between the ends of the red star. In the middle of the red star there is a golden image of a sickle and a hammer on a ruby-red round plate, bordered by a white enamel belt, with the inscription “Patriotic War” and with a gold star at the bottom of the belt. The red star and white belt have gold rims. Against the background of the rays of a golden star, the ends of a rifle and checkers crossed behind a red star are depicted. The butt of the rifle is facing down to the right, the hilt of the checker is facing down to the left. The images of the rifle and checkers are oxidized.

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, unlike the Order of the 1st degree, is made of silver. The lower radiant star is polished. The image of a rifle and checkers is oxidized. The remaining parts of the order, not covered with enamel, are gilded.

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, is made of gold (583) and silver. The gold content in the order of the first degree is 8.329 ± 0.379 g, the silver content is 16.754 ± 0.977 g. The total weight of the order of the first degree is 32.34 ± 1.65 g.

The badge of the 2nd degree order is made of silver. The gold content in the order of the second degree is 0.325 g, the silver content is 24.85 ± 1.352 g. The total weight of the order of the second degree is 28.05 ± 1.50 g.

The applied sickle and hammer in the center of the order are made of gold at both degrees of the order.

The diameter of the circumscribed circle (the size of the order between the opposite ends of the red and gold or silver stars) is 45 mm. The length of the images of the rifle and checkers is also 45 mm. The diameter of the central circle with the inscription is 22 mm.

On the reverse side, the badge has a threaded pin with a nut for attaching the order to clothing.

Ribbon for the order is silk, moire color of burgundy with longitudinal red stripes:

for I degree - with one strip in the middle of the tape, 5 mm wide;
for II degree - with two strips along the edges, each 3 mm wide.
Tape width - 24 mm.

History of the Order.

The Order of the Patriotic War is the first award that appeared during the Great Patriotic War. It is also the first Soviet order, which had a division into degrees. For 35 years, the Order of the Patriotic War remained the only Soviet order that was transferred to the family as a memory after the death of the recipient (the rest of the orders had to be returned to the state). Only in 1977, the order of leaving in the family was extended to other orders and medals.

On April 10, 1942, Stalin instructed the head of the rear of the Red Army, General Khrulev, to develop and submit a draft order for awarding military personnel who distinguished themselves in battles with the Nazis. Initially, the order was planned to be called "For military valor". Artists Sergey Ivanovich Dmitriev (the author of the drawings of the medals "For Courage", "For Military Merit" and the 20th anniversary of the Red Army) and Alexander Ivanovich Kuznetsov were involved in the work on the project of the order. Two days later, the first sketches appeared, from which several works were selected for the manufacture of test specimens in metal. April 18, 1942 samples were submitted for approval. It was decided to take the project of A.I. Kuznetsov, and the idea of the inscription “Patriotic War” on the sign was taken from the project of S.I. Dmitriev.

In the statute of the order, for the first time in the history of the Soviet award system, specific feats were listed, for which a distinguished person could be presented for an award.

The first cavaliers of the order were Soviet artillerymen. By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 2, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to Captain Krikliy I.I., junior political instructor Statsenko I.K. and senior sergeant Smirnov A.V. In May 1942, the division under the command of Captain Krikliy I.I. in two days of fighting, he destroyed 32 enemy tanks in the Kharkov region. When all the other numbers of the calculation died, Senior Sergeant Smirnov A.V. continued to fire the gun. Even after his hand was torn off by a shell fragment, Smirnov, overcoming pain, continued to shoot at the enemy with one hand. In total, he destroyed 6 fascist tanks in battle. Commissioner of the division, junior political instructor Statsenko I.K. not only led his subordinates, but also, inspiring them by personal example, he himself destroyed several German armored vehicles. The unit commander Captain Krikliy knocked out 5 German tanks, but was wounded in battle and died in the hospital. The award was given to the family of the first cavalier Captain Krikliy only in 1971. On the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, presented to his widow Alexandra Fedorovna on June 12, 1971, there was the number 312368.

The navigator of the squadron of the 1st Long-Range Guards Aviation Regiment Miron Prokhorovich Klimov was seriously wounded during an unequal air battle with German fighters and died in the hospital from his wounds on June 13, 1942. The brave pilot was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class. This award with number 10 was given to the family of the hero.

The first to be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 2, 1942) were artillerymen from the Krikliy I.I. division, who also distinguished themselves in the Kharkov direction: sergeants Zharko S.T., Nemfira M.G., Nesterenko P .V., armor-piercing privates Grigoriev N.I., Kulinets A.I., Petrosh I.P.

The Order of the Patriotic War II degree No. 1 was posthumously awarded to scout Senior Lieutenant Razhkin P.A., who personally led operations many times, sometimes conducting reconnaissance in battle on tanks. The award was given to the family.

The first civilian to receive the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was the chairman of the Sevastopol City Council, Efremov L.P. He was awarded by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of July 24, 1942.

The feat of the pilot Gastello, who sent a wrecked aircraft into a cluster of enemy armored vehicles, is well known. To the commander of the bomber crew of the 207th air regiment of the 42nd bomber air division, Captain Gastello N.F. for this feat he was posthumously awarded the title of GSS. The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was posthumously awarded to the crew members who, together with their commander, committed the famous fiery ram: Lieutenants Burdenyuk A.A., Skorobogaty G.N. and senior sergeant Kalinin A.A.

At the end of June 1941, during the battles for Rovno, the KV tank under number 736 fell into the ring of enemies. The tankers managed to destroy a German self-propelled gun, several guns and trucks, a large amount of enemy manpower. After the Germans knocked out the tank and it stopped, the surviving tankers Golikov and Abramov continued to repel the attacks of the Nazis until the last shell. Gunner Golikov A.A. and Abramov P. were posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree.

Many Soviet soldiers and officers were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War twice. Some became holders of three and even four orders of the Patriotic War. So, the tank driver, Sergeant Yanenko N.A. He was awarded four orders (two orders of the 1st degree and two orders of the 2nd degree). Among the holders of three orders of the 1st degree are the assistant commander of the Turkestan Military District, Major General of the Tank Forces Zhilin A.N., Heroes of the Soviet Union, Colonel Goryachkin T.S. and Major Bespalov I.A.

The maximum number known to us of awarding one person with this honorary order for exploits during the war years and post-war distinctions (taking into account both degrees) is five times. Fedorov Ivan Evgrafovich became a Cavalier of four Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and one Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree. Hero of the Soviet Union Fedorov (the title of GSS was awarded in 1948) ended the war with the rank of colonel and as commander of the 273rd Gomel Fighter Aviation Division (Leningrad Front). After the war, for some time he was a test pilot at the Lavochkin Design Bureau. Fedorov received three Orders of the Patriotic War of the first degree and the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree during the war years and shortly after it ended, and in 1985 Fedorov was awarded the fifth Order of the Patriotic War (anniversary version of the 1st degree). In addition to the Gold Star medal and five orders of the Patriotic War, the Hero's chest was decorated with the Order of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Red Star and many medals.

Among those awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, there are several hundred foreigners - soldiers of the Polish army, the Czechoslovak corps, the French air regiment "Normandie-Neman" and other formations and units that fought shoulder to shoulder with the Red Army against the Nazis. So, for example, for outstanding military activity, which contributed to the great success of the Anglo-American troops in North Africa and Italy, and for the bravery and courage shown at the same time, a group of US Army servicemen was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree - Brigadier General Curtis I. Hamey, Colonel Armen Peterson and Sergeant John D. Kofi. By the same Decree, the Order of the Patriotic War II Class was awarded to Colonel Joseph J. Preston, Colonel Russell A. Wilson, First Lieutenant David M. Williams, Tech Sergeant Edward J. Learn, Corporal James D. Slayton and Private 1st Class Ramon G. Gutierrez.

Among British servicemen, Lieutenants of the Royal Navy John Patrick Donovan, Francis Henry Foster, Charles Arthur Langton and Lieutenant Charles Robin Arthur Sr. were awarded the Order of the First Class. Lieutenant Earl William Brien, diesel stoker Clements Irwin, helmsman Sydney Arthur Carslake and chief signalman Stanley Edwin Archer received the second degree.

An interesting award was made by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of May 8, 1985. For his great personal contribution to the establishment and strengthening of Soviet-American cooperation during the Great Patriotic War and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Victory, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to a prominent American political and public figure, former US Ambassador to the USSR (1943-46). ) W. Averell Harriman.

Set of the Czechoslovak anti-fascist patriot Stefan Fabry - holder of the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.

The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to 7 military units and 79 enterprises and institutions, including 3 newspapers: Komsomolskaya Pravda (1945), Youth of Ukraine and the Belarusian Zvyazda (1945). In 1945, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to industrial enterprises that made a significant contribution to the defeat of the enemy. The Ural Plant of Heavy Engineering named after A.I. S. Ordzhonikidze, Gorky Automobile Plant, Gorky Shipyard “Krasnoe Sormovo” named after. Zhdanov, Volgograd Tractor Plant. Dzerzhinsky and others.

Collective farmers were also awarded this order for saving the crop in the dry year of 1946.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 15, 1947, the presentation and awarding of civilians with the Order of the Patriotic War was discontinued, and military personnel from that moment on were awarded extremely rarely.

Only during the “Khrushchev thaw” this glorious order was remembered again. They began to be awarded to foreigners who assisted the soldiers of the Red Army in escaping from captivity, and then to Soviet soldiers, underground workers and partisans, many of whom were undeservedly considered “traitors to the Motherland” under Stalin.

So, in the late 60s, Kazimiera Tsymbal, a citizen of Poland, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. For 156 days, she sheltered in her cellar the crew of a tank of the 55th Guards Tank Brigade that had been knocked out on the Sandomierz bridgehead. The Nazis, having discovered a wrecked tank, demanded that the inhabitants of the village of Volya-Gruetskaya hand over the tankers. When they refused, all the men of the village were sent to a concentration camp. Among the dead in the concentration camp was Kazimera's husband, Franciszek Cymbal. He was also awarded the Order of the Patriotic War (posthumously). Only on January 12, 1945, the regular units of the Red Army captured the village of Volya-Gruetskaya and freed the tankers.

After L.I. Brezhnev came to power. and the restoration of Victory Day as a national holiday (under Khrushchev it was not considered such), a new stage began in the history of the order: it began to be awarded to cities whose inhabitants participated in the defensive battles of 1941-1943. The first among them, in 1966, were awarded Novorossiysk and Smolensk, later classified as Hero Cities. In 1966, the Slovak village Sklabinya was awarded the 1st degree of the order, which in 1944 the Nazis razed to the ground for helping Soviet paratroopers. The awarding of cities with the Order of the Patriotic War continued in the 70s, but especially many of them were awarded in 80-82. The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to Voronezh (1975), Naro-Fominsk (1976), Oryol, Belgorod, Mogilev, Kursk (1980), Yelnya, Tuapse (1981), Murmansk, Rostov-on-Don, Feodosia (1982) and other.

In 1975, the Soviet Committee of War Veterans was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.

In total, from 1947 to 1984, about 25 thousand orders of the 1st degree and more than 50 thousand orders of the 2nd degree were awarded.

In 1985, on the eve of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Victory, a Decree appeared, according to which all its active participants, including partisans and underground fighters, were to be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. At the same time, all marshals, generals, admirals, holders of any orders and medals “For Courage”, Ushakov, “For Military Merit”, Nakhimov, “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, received during the war years, as well as invalids of the Patriotic War were awarded the Order of the 1st degree. Front-line soldiers who were not included in these categories were awarded the Order of the II degree. Of course, it was impossible to equate the Order of the Patriotic War, received during the war years, with the anniversary version of this award. The design of the commemorative orders was simplified as much as possible (solid stamped), all gold details were replaced with silver gilded ones.

In total, until 1985, more than 344 thousand awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (of which 324,903 were awarded during the war years), and about 1 million 28 thousand awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree (of which 951,652 were awarded during the war years) .

About 2 million 54 thousand awards were made with the jubilee version of the order of the 1st degree, about 5 million 408 thousand awards of the 2nd degree.

The total number of awards with the Order of the Patriotic War (both combat and jubilee versions) as of January 1, 1992 was 2487098 for the 1st degree, 6688497 for the 2nd degree.

Features and varieties of the medal

You can find out about the features and varieties of medals on the website of the USSR Medals

Estimated value of the medal.

How much is the Order of the Patriotic War worth? The average market value of this medal can be from $40 to $1000. Its price is influenced by a huge number of factors, such as varieties, numbers, and so on. Below we will give an approximate price for some rooms:

Number range:	Price:
I degree, silver and gold, block, numbers 10-617	8000-9500$
I degree, silver and gold, block, numbers 1945-7369	4500-5000$
I degree, silver and gold, block, numbers 5421-23900	3500-4200$
I degree, silver and gold, screw, numbers 23900-242059	700-1000$
I degree, silver and gold, screw, numbers 138200-238805	700-750$
I degree, silver and gold, screw, numbers 242898-327056	650-700$
I degree, silver, anniversary, screw, numbers 451200-2613520	35-45$
I degree, reissuance instead of hanging	900-950$
I degree, duplicate	1100-1300$
II degree, silver, block, numbers 1-2350	7000-8000$
II degree, silver, block, numbers 13268-32613	3500-4000$
II degree, silver, block, numbers 3968-5875	6500-7000$
II degree, silver, block, numbers 35500-35700	3500-4000$
II degree, silver, block, numbers 60002-61401	3500-4000$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 32700-36300	500-600$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 34700-71900	320-360$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 43900-64500	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 72800-91100	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 91000-136000	170-200$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 117000-133600	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 170000-180500	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 180500-182815	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 190300-200000	180-220$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 200000-250500	180-220$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 250600-482500	120-160$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 481948-617900	120-160 $
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 680300-877400	120-160$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 877500-916840	120-160$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 917200-927500	250-350$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 927500-928500	600-700$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 928600-929400	250-350$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 930006-985400	250-350$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 987500-6716400	25-35$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 1474200-3447400	35-45$
II degree, silver, screw, numbers 2095400-6688500	25-35$

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, the purchase and / or sale of medals, orders, documents of the USSR and Russia is prohibited, this is all described in Article 324. Acquisition or sale of official documents and state awards. You can read about this in more detail in which the law is disclosed in more detail, as well as those medals, orders and documents that do not apply to this ban are described.

The award is a sign of courage and courage, recognition of the merits of a person and his activities before the Fatherland. The awards issued in Russia are expressive, special monuments of our history, which remind us of the struggle against enemies, of great labors for the good of the country and transformations.

The history of awards is unique. Wars, upheavals led to the emergence of their great diversity. But with special pride, people wore orders and medals received for heroic deeds in wartime.

The Order of the Great Patriotic War was founded during the war years and was called

"Patriotic War". A.I. Kuznetsov, who were famous artists of that time, also began work on it. In April 1942, the sketches were already in front of I.V. Stalin, and on May 20, the Decree “On the Establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War” was announced.

This award looks like a five-pointed bulging ruby red star. It is framed by golden rays. In the middle is an image of a sickle and a hammer, and in a circle - a belt with the corresponding inscription. Against the background of the rays of the star, a saber and a rifle are drawn.

The Order of the Great Patriotic War I degree was made of silver, gold and had a weight of 33 grams. Award of the 2nd degree - made of silver, weight - 29 grams. A ribbon of silk and moire with a red stripe was attached to them.

The Order of the Great Patriotic War had a chance to be received by representatives of both officers and rank and file of the Army, troops of the NKVD, the Navy, partisan detachments, who showed stamina, courage, courage in battles. Also, military personnel could receive it, thanks to which the success of military operations was achieved. To receive an order of the first degree, it was also necessary to destroy 3 light tank vehicles or 2 heavy / medium ones.

First Order of the Great Patriotic War, 1st class in June 1942

Received I.I. Kriklia, commander of the guard division. In the place where he was with his detachment, in May of the same year, many fascist tanks moved. However, these gunners were not afraid, and in two days they destroyed 32 tanks. The commander himself was wounded and died in this battle. A total of 344 such awards were issued.

The Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class, was received by those who independently destroyed 2 light tank vehicles or 1 heavy / medium one, or in the ranks of the gun crew 3 light tank vehicles or 2 heavy / medium ones.

Forty years later, in honor of the anniversary date of the Victory, in 1985, he restored this award. The Order of the Great Patriotic War of the 2nd degree was received by those veterans of the Great Patriotic War who, for various reasons, could not receive the first degree during the hostilities. Thanks to this, almost all veterans who survived until then received the award. During the period of hostilities, 1028 thousand people deservedly received it.

In order for the people to rally, to raise morale, other awards were established, which were named after Russian legendary commanders, for example, Alexander Nevsky. They were intended for the commanders of the Soviet Army for their merits in the leadership of military operations.

The Order of the USSR of the Patriotic War was awarded to servicemen and partisans who showed courage, steadfastness and courage in battles, as well as to servicemen who, by their own actions, contributed to the success of military operations of the Soviet troops.
The highest degree of the order is the 1st degree.

Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was made of 583 gold and silver. It is an image of a five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel against the background of golden rays diverging in the form of a five-pointed star, the rays of which are located between the ends of the red star. In the middle of the red star is a golden image of a sickle and a hammer on a ruby-red round base, bordered by a white enamel belt, with the inscription "Patriotic War" and with a gold star at the bottom of the belt. The red star and white belt have gold rims. The applied hammer and sickle in the center of the order are made of gold. Against the background of the rays of a golden star, the ends of a rifle and checkers crossed behind a red star are depicted.

The Order of the Patriotic War is the first award that appeared during the Great Patriotic War. In addition, this is the first order of the USSR that had a division into degrees. For 35 years, the Order of the Patriotic War remained the only Soviet order that was transferred to the family as a memory after the death of the recipient (other orders had to be returned to the state). Only in 1977, the order of leaving in the family was extended to others and the USSR.

On April 10, 1942, Stalin instructed the head of the rear of the Red Army, General Khrulev, to create and submit a draft order for awarding military personnel who distinguished themselves in battles with the Nazis. Initially, the order was planned to be called "For military valor". The artists S.I. Dmitriev (the author of the drawings of the medals "For Courage", "For Military Merit" and the twentieth years of the Red Army) and A.I. Kuznetsov. Just two days later, the first sketches appeared, from which several works were selected for the production of test copies in metal. April 18, 1942 samples were submitted for approval. It was decided to take the project of A.I. Kuznetsov, and the idea of the inscription "Patriotic War" on the sign was taken from the project of S.I. Dmitriev.

For the first time in the history of the Soviet award system, the statute of the order listed specific feats for which the distinguished person had the opportunity to be presented for an award.

Projects of the Order of the Patriotic War (originally called "For Military Valor").

The first cavaliers of this order of the USSR were Soviet artillerymen. By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 2, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to Captain Krikliy I.I., junior political instructor Statsenko I.K. and senior sergeant Smirnov A.V. In May 1942, the division under the command of Captain Krikliy I.I. in two days of fighting, he destroyed 32 enemy tanks in the Kharkov region. When all the other numbers of the calculation were killed, Senior Sergeant Smirnov A.V. continued to fire the gun. Even after his hand was torn off by a shell fragment, Smirnov continued to shoot at the enemy with one hand. In total, he destroyed 6 fascist tanks in battle. Commissioner of the division, junior political instructor Statsenko I.K. not only led his subordinates, but also, inspiring them with his own example, he himself destroyed several German armored vehicles. The unit commander, Captain Krikliy, knocked out 5 German tanks, but was wounded in battle and died in the hospital. The award was received by the family of the first cavalier Captain Krikliy only in 1971. On the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, presented to his widow Alexandra Fedorovna on June 12, 1971, there was the number 312368.

Hero of the Soviet Union Fedorov I.E. (1914-2011). Cavalier of five orders of the Patriotic War.

The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree No. 1, was posthumously awarded to senior political instructor V.P. Konyukhov, who died on August 25, 1942 from a direct hit by an enemy shell. The order book and the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree under No. 1 were transferred to the hero's family.
The Order of the Patriotic War II degree No. 1 was posthumously awarded to the intelligence officer Senior Lieutenant Razhkin P.A., who many times directly led operations, sometimes conducting reconnaissance in battle on tanks. The award was given to the family.
On July 24, 1942, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was received for the first time by a civilian, he became the chairman of the Sevastopol City Council L.P. Efremov. He was awarded by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of July 24, 1942.

The feat of the pilot Gastello, who sent a wrecked aircraft into a cluster of enemy armored vehicles, is well known. To the commander of the bomber crew of the 207th air regiment of the 42nd bomber air division, Captain Gastello N.F. for this feat he was posthumously awarded the title of GSS. The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was posthumously awarded to the crew members who, together with their commander, carried out the famous fiery ram: Lieutenants Burdenyuk A.A., Skorobogaty G.N. and senior sergeant Kalinin A.A.

Hero of the Soviet Union Chief Petty Officer Mikhailova (Demina) Ekaterina Illarionovna, the only woman who served in the intelligence of the Marine Corps. She was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War I and II degrees, medals, incl. Medal "For Courage" On August 22, 1944, when crossing the Dniester estuary, she was one of the first to reach the coast as part of the landing force, provided first aid to seventeen seriously wounded sailors, suppressed the fire of a heavy machine gun, threw grenades at the bunker and destroyed over 10 Nazis.

Many Soviet soldiers and officers were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War twice. Some became holders of three and even four orders of the Patriotic War. So, the tank driver, Sergeant Yanenko N.A. He was awarded four orders (2 orders of the 1st degree and 2 orders of the 2nd degree). Among the holders of 3 orders of the 1st degree are the assistant commander of the Turkestan Military District, Major General of the Tank Forces Zhilin A.N., Heroes of the Soviet Union, Colonel Goryachkin T.S. and Major Bespalov I.A.

The largest number known to us of awarding one person with this honorary order for exploits during the war years and post-war distinctions (taking into account both degrees) is 5 times. Fedorov Ivan Evgrafovich became a Cavalier of four Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and one Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree. Hero of the Soviet Union Fedorov (the title of GSS was awarded in 1948) ended the war with the rank of colonel and as commander of the 273rd Gomel Fighter Aviation Division (Leningrad Front). After the war, for some time he was a test pilot at the Lavochkin Design Bureau. Fedorov received three Orders of the Patriotic War of the first degree and the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree during the war years and soon after its completion, and in 1985 Fedorov was awarded the fifth Order of the Patriotic War (anniversary version of the 1st degree). In addition to the Gold Star medal and five orders of the Patriotic War, the Hero’s chest was decorated with the Order of Lenin, four Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of Alexander Nevsky, the Order of the Red Star and many medals.

Yuri Vladimirovich Nikulin (1921-1997) joined the army from school. With the rank of private, he went through two wars: the Finnish and the Great Patriotic Wars, having fought from 1939 to 1946. He was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st class, medals For Courage and For the Defense of Leningrad.

Among those awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, there are several hundred residents of other countries - fighters of the Polish army, the Czechoslovak corps, the French Normandie-Niemen air regiment and other formations and units that fought shoulder to shoulder with the Red Army against the Nazis. So, for example, for outstanding military activity, which contributed to the great success of the Anglo-American troops in North Africa and Italy, and for the courage and courage shown at the same time, a group of military personnel of the United States Army was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War I degree - Brigadier General Curtis I. Hamey, Colonel Armen Peterson and Sergeant John D. Kofi. By the same Decree, the Order of the Patriotic War II Class was awarded to Colonel Joseph J. Preston, Colonel Russell A. Wilson, First Lieutenant David M. Williams, Tech Sergeant Edward J. Learn, Corporal James D. Slayton, and Private 1st Class Ramon G. Gutierrez.
From among the military personnel of England, Lieutenants of the Royal Navy John Patrick Donovan, Francis Henry Foster, Charles Arthur Langton and Lieutenant Charles Robin Arthur Sr. were awarded the Order of the First Class. Lieutenant Earl William Brien, diesel stoker Clements Irwin, helmsman Sydney Arthur Carslake and chief signalman Stanley Edwin Archer received the second degree.

Anatoly Dmitrievich Papanov (1922-1987). At the front from the first days of the war. He was a senior sergeant, commanded a platoon of anti-aircraft artillery. Cavalier of the Order of the Patriotic War I and II degree.

The Order was also awarded to home front workers. It had, for example, the outstanding aircraft designer Tupolev A.N., the designers of small arms Tokarev F.V., Sudaev A.I., Simonov S.G., the director of the artillery plant in Gorky Elyan A.F., who managed to organize production and the transfer to the front of more than 100 thousand guns.
The Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree was awarded to 7 military units and 79 enterprises and institutions, such as 3 publications: Komsomolskaya Pravda (1945), Youth of Ukraine and the Belarusian Zvyazda (1945). In 1945, the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to industrial enterprises that made a significant contribution to the defeat of the enemy. The Ural Plant of Heavy Engineering named after A.I. S. Ordzhonikidze, Gorky Automobile Plant, Gorky Shipyard "Krasnoye Sormovo" named after. Zhdanov, Volgograd Tractor Plant. Dzerzhinsky and others.
Collective farmers were also awarded this order for saving the crop in the dry year of 1946.

On October 15, 1947, the presentation and awarding of civilians with the Order of the Patriotic War was discontinued, and military personnel from that moment on were awarded very rarely.

During the "Khrushchev thaw" this order was remembered again. They began to be awarded to residents of other countries who assisted the soldiers of the Red Army in escaping from captivity, and then to Soviet soldiers, underground workers and partisans, almost all of whom were considered "traitors to the Motherland" under Stalin.

Vladimir Pavlovich Basov (1923-1987). Captain, Deputy Chief of the Operations Department of the 28th Separate Artillery Division of the High Command Reserve Breakthrough. Cavalier of the Orders of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.

In the late 1960s, Kazimiera Tsymbal, a citizen of Poland, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. For 156 days, she hid in her own cellar the crew of a tank of the 55th Guards Tank Brigade that had been knocked out on the Sandomierz bridgehead. The Nazis, having found a wrecked tank, demanded that the residents of the village of Volya-Gruetskaya hand over the tankers. When they categorically refused, all the men of the village were sent to a concentration camp. Among the dead in the concentration camp was Kazimera's husband, Franciszek Cymbal. He was also awarded the Order of the Patriotic War (posthumously). Only on January 12, 1945, the regular units of the Red Army took possession of the village of Volya-Gruetskaya and freed the tankers.

After L.I. Brezhnev came to power. and the resumption of Victory Day as a national holiday (under Khrushchev it was not considered such), a new stage in the history of the order began: it began to be awarded to cities whose inhabitants took part in the defensive battles of 1941-1943. The first among them, in 1966, were awarded Novorossiysk and Smolensk, later classified as Hero Cities. In 1966, the Slovak village Sklabinya was awarded the 1st degree of the order, which in 1944 the Nazis razed to the ground for helping Soviet paratroopers. The awarding of cities with the Order of the Patriotic War continued into the 70s, but a particularly large number of them were awarded in 80-82. The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was awarded to Voronezh (1975), Naro-Fominsk (1976), Oryol, Belgorod, Mogilev, Kursk (1980), Yelnya, Tuapse (1981), Murmansk, Rostov-on-Don, Feodosia (1982) and other.
In 1975, the Soviet Committee of War Veterans was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.

Mikhail Ivanovich Pugovkin holder of the Order of the Patriotic War II degree. He served in the infantry regiment as a scout. In August 1942, near Voroshilovgrad (Lugansk), he was wounded in the leg, gangrene began, Mikhail was being prepared for amputation. He asked the chief surgeon of the field hospital: "Doctor, I can't be without a leg, I'm an artist!" The surgeon did his best.

In 1985, on the eve of the celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Victory, it appeared by Decree of March 11, 1985, according to which all its active participants (the third type of badge of the order), including partisans and underground fighters, were to be awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. With all this, all marshals, generals, admirals, holders of any orders and medals "For Courage", Ushakov, "For Military Merit", Nakhimov, "Partisan of the Patriotic War" received during the war years, as well as invalids of the Patriotic War were awarded the Order of the 1st degree . Front-line soldiers who did not fall into these categories were awarded the Order of the II degree. Naturally, it was impossible to equate the Order of the Patriotic War, received during the war years, with the anniversary version of this award. The design of the commemorative orders was simplified as much as possible (solid stamped), all gold components were replaced with gilded silver ones.

In total, during the years of the Second World War, 324,903 awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, 951,652 awards were made with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree.
About 2 million 54 thousand awards were made with the jubilee version of the order of the 1st degree, about 5 million 408 thousand awards of the 2nd degree.
The total number of awards of the Order of the Patriotic War (both combat and commemorative) as of January 1, 1992 was 2,487,098 for the 1st degree and 6,688,497 for the 2nd degree.

Type order To whom is awarded persons of the rank and file and commanding staff of the Red Army, the Navy, the NKVD troops and partisan detachments Grounds for awarding who showed courage, steadfastness and courage in the battles for the Soviet Motherland, as well as military personnel who, by their actions, contributed to the success of the military operations of our troops. Status not awarded Statistics Options Date of establishment May 20, 1942 First award June 2, 1942 Last award Number of awards over 9.1 million Priority senior award Order of Alexander Nevsky Junior Award Corresponds

Order of the Patriotic War- the military order of the USSR, established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the establishment of the Order of the Patriotic War of the first and second degree" of May 20, 1942. Later, some changes were made to the description of the order by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 19, 1943, and the statute of the order - by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 16, 1947.

Who shot down in an air battle, being part of the crew: heavy bomber aviation - 4 aircraft; long-range bomber aviation - 5 aircraft; short-range bomber aviation - 7 aircraft; attack aviation - 3 aircraft; fighter aircraft - 3 aircraft.

Who made, as a member of the crew: heavy bomber aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie; long-range bomber aviation - 25th successful sortie; short-range bomber aviation - 30th successful combat sortie; assault aviation - 25th successful combat sortie; fighter aircraft - 60th successful sortie; long-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie; short-range reconnaissance aviation - 30th successful combat sortie; corrective aviation - 15th successful sortie; communications aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 30th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy; transport aviation - the 60th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 15th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.

Who organized a clear and continuous management of aviation units;

Who organized the clear and systematic work of the headquarters;

Who managed to restore the damaged aircraft, which made an emergency landing on enemy territory, and release it into the air;

Who managed to restore at least 10 aircraft at the forward airfield under enemy fire;

Who, under enemy fire, managed to take out all the supplies from the airfield and, having mined it, did not allow the enemy to land aircraft on it;

Who personally destroyed 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy, or as part of a gun crew - 3 heavy or medium, or 5 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;

Who shot down in an air battle, being part of the crew: heavy bomber aviation - 3 aircraft; long-range bomber aviation - 4 aircraft; short-range bomber aviation - 6 aircraft; attack aviation - 2 aircraft; fighter aircraft - 2 aircraft.

Who made, as a member of the crew: heavy bomber aviation - the 15th successful combat sortie; long-range bomber aviation - the 20th successful sortie; short-range bomber aviation - 25th successful combat sortie; assault aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie; fighter aviation - the 50th successful sortie; long-range reconnaissance aviation - the 20th successful combat sortie; short-range reconnaissance aviation - 25th successful combat sortie; corrective aviation - 10th successful sortie; communications aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 20th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy; transport aviation - the 50th successful combat sortie with a landing on its territory and the 10th successful combat sortie with a landing in the area where friendly troops are located on the territory occupied by the enemy.

Who managed to restore, master and use the captured captured aircraft in combat conditions;

Who managed to restore at least 5 aircraft at the forward airfield under enemy fire;

Who personally destroyed 1 heavy or medium, or 2 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy with artillery fire, or as part of a gun crew - 2 heavy or medium, or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) of the enemy;

Who destroyed the enemy's firepower with artillery or mortar fire, ensuring the successful actions of our troops;

Who suppressed at least 3 enemy batteries with artillery or mortar fire;

Who destroyed at least 2 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;

Who destroyed at least 3 enemy firing points with his tank and thereby contributed to the advancement of our advancing infantry;

Who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 3 enemy tanks or 3 guns in battles;

Who, under enemy fire, evacuated from the battlefield 2 tanks knocked out by the enemy;

Who destroyed an enemy tank on the battlefield or behind enemy lines with grenades, bottles with a combustible mixture or explosives;

Who, leading a unit or subunit surrounded by the enemy, defeated the enemy, withdrew his unit (subunit) from the encirclement without losing weapons and military equipment;

Who made his way to the enemy's firing positions and destroyed at least one gun, three mortars or three machine guns of the enemy;

Who removed the guard post (patrol, secret) of the enemy at night or captured it;

Which of the personal weapons shot down one enemy aircraft;

Who, fighting with superior enemy forces, did not give up an inch of their positions and caused great damage to the enemy;

Who organized and maintained in difficult combat conditions continuous communication between the command and the troops fighting, and thereby contributed to the success of the operation of our troops;

Who, being a member of the crew of a ship, aircraft or combat crew of a coastal battery, disabled or damaged a warship or one enemy transport;

Who captured and brought enemy transport to their base;

Who, by timely detection of the enemy, prevented an attack on the ship, the base;

Who ensured the successful maneuvering of the ship, as a result of which the enemy ship was sunk or damaged;

Who, with skillful and precise work, ensured the successful combat work of the ship (combat unit);

Who organized the uninterrupted logistics of the unit, formation, army and thereby contributed to the success of the unit, formation.

Awarding the Order of the Patriotic War can be repeated for new feats and distinctions.

The Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class, is worn on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

The Order of the Patriotic War II degree is worn on the right side of the chest and is located after the Order of the Patriotic War I degree.

Description of the order

USSR stamp, 1944

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, is an image of a convex five-pointed star, covered with ruby-red enamel against the background of golden rays, diverging in the form of a five-pointed polished star, the ends of which are placed between the ends of the red star. In the middle of the red star is a golden image of a sickle and a hammer on a ruby-red round plate, bordered by a white enamel belt, with the inscription "Patriotic War" and with a gold star at the bottom of the belt. The red star and white belt have gold rims. Against the background of the rays of a golden star, the ends of a rifle and checkers crossed behind a red star are depicted. The butt of the rifle is turned to the right down, the hilt of the checker is to the left down. The images of the rifle and checkers are oxidized.

The badge of the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class, unlike the Order of the 1st class, is made of silver. The lower radiant star is polished. The image of a rifle and checkers is oxidized. The remaining parts of the order, not covered with enamel, are gilded.

The ribbon for the order is silk, moire, burgundy color with longitudinal red stripes: for the 1st degree - with one strip in the middle of the ribbon, 5 mm wide; for II degree - with two strips along the edges, each 3 mm wide.

Tape width - 24 mm.

In order to timely reward fighters and commanders who distinguished themselves in battle, the right to present the Order of the Patriotic War was transferred to the military command - from front and fleet commanders to corps commanders inclusive. Awarding orders often took place in a combat situation immediately after the accomplishment of a feat. The first cavaliers of the Order of the Patriotic War were Soviet artillerymen. The order statute stated that the 1st degree of the order is awarded to those who personally destroy 1 heavy (or medium) or 2 light tanks (armored vehicles) with artillery fire, or as part of a gun crew 2 heavy (or medium) tanks or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) enemy. But the artillerymen of the 32nd Guards Regiment, who covered the flank of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment in the battles in the Kharkov direction, under the command of Captain I. I. Krikliy, blocked the established "norms". When, in May 1942, 200 fascist tanks moved to Soviet positions, artillerymen and armor-piercers met them with dignity and accurately hit the enemy, inflicting very tangible losses on him. In two days of continuous fighting, the artillery battalion destroyed 32 enemy tanks. Captain I. I. Krikliy personally knocked out 5 fascist vehicles, but he himself was seriously wounded. When several numbers of the combat crew died, senior sergeant A.V. Smirnov continued to fire even after his hand was torn off by a shell fragment. Captain I. I. Krikliy became the first holder of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, the same award was awarded to senior sergeant A. V. Smirnov and the political instructor of the neighboring division of the 776th artillery regiment, I. K. Stetsenko. The remaining fighters of the artillery crew - privates N. I. Grigoriev, A. I. Kulinets, I. P. Petrosh and senior sergeants S. T. Zharko, M. G. Nemfira and P. V. Nesterenko - were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War II degree.

In the history of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, there are also very rare cases when this award was presented to all participants in any one military operation. The first to receive such an honor were the crew members of the K-21 submarine, which on July 5 torpedoed the largest enemy battleship Tirpitz in the Barents Sea. The Pravda newspaper then wrote:

“The submarine fleet is proud of the commander of the boat, Hero of the Soviet Union N. A. Lunin. It was he who rushed into a deadly attack on the enemy ship Tirpitz, which was surrounded by ten warships. The high maritime culture, the comprehensive training of the personnel, combined with the greatest courage, ensured a brilliant success.

The Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, was also awarded to all participants in the two-day battle in January 1943 near the Seversky Donets River - 30 fighters of the assault group, commanded by Lieutenant A. Ataev.

The Order of the Patriotic War was awarded to entire military units and formations, military schools and defense plants. Many cities - Belgorod, Voronezh, Kislovodsk, Kursk, Mogilev, Murmansk, Naro-Fominsk, Oryol, Rzhev, Rostov-on-Don, Smolensk, Sochi and others - were also awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

After the war, the Order of the Patriotic War was awarded to tens of thousands of wounded soldiers who for some reason did not receive the awards to which they were presented during the battles with the German invaders. In the years and later, many foreign citizens were also awarded the Order of the Patriotic War.

In the year, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the great victory over fascism, the Order of the Patriotic War was revived as a commemorative award for veterans. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR stated that “the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree should be awarded.

A difficult topic, since it is impossible to distinguish between an order received for a feat and an order received for "participation".
So, where did it all begin;
The Patriotic War Order was established in May 1942. Difficult year in the fate of our country; Rzhev, Stalingrad, attempts to break the blockade of Leningrad, Crimea, Sevastopol and other painful points of our war.

It was in two degrees, people who accomplished a specific feat were awarded:
(Extract from the statute of the order)
... Who suppressed at least 5 enemy batteries with artillery fire;

Who destroyed at least 3 enemy aircraft with artillery fire;

Who, being in the crew of a tank, successfully completed 3 combat missions to destroy enemy firepower and manpower or destroyed at least 4 enemy tanks or 4 guns in battle;

Who, under enemy fire, evacuated from the battlefield at least 3 tanks knocked out by the enemy; ....

Here is an example of a real feat:

The order statute stated that the 1st degree of the order is awarded to those who personally destroy 1 heavy (or medium) or 2 light tanks (armored vehicles) with artillery fire, or as part of a gun crew 2 heavy (or medium) tanks or 3 light tanks (armored vehicles) enemy.

But the artillerymen of the 32nd Guards Regiment, who covered the flank of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment in the battles in the Kharkov direction, under the command of Captain I. I. Krikliy, blocked the established "norms". When, in May 1942, 200 fascist tanks moved to Soviet positions, artillerymen and armor-piercers met them with dignity and accurately hit the enemy, inflicting very tangible losses on him.

In two days of continuous fighting, the artillery battalion destroyed 32 enemy tanks. Captain I. I. Krikliy personally knocked out 5 fascist vehicles, but he himself was seriously wounded. When several numbers of the combat crew died, senior sergeant A.V. Smirnov continued to fire even after his hand was torn off by a shell fragment.

Captain I. I. Krikliy became the first holder of the Order of the Patriotic War, I degree, the same award was awarded to senior sergeant A. V. Smirnov and the political instructor of the neighboring division of the 776th artillery regiment, I. K. Stetsenko.

And now about the important: about how the military order began to be awarded simply to participants in the Great Patriotic War.

In 1985, in honor of the 40th anniversary of the great victory over fascism, the Order of the Patriotic War was revived as a commemorative award for veterans. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 11, 1985 stated that “the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree should be awarded:

Heroes of the Soviet Union - participants in the Great Patriotic War;

Persons awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees;

Marshals, generals and admirals who took direct part in the Great Patriotic War as part of the army, partisan formations or in the underground, regardless of their military rank during the Great Patriotic War;

Persons who took a direct part in the Great Patriotic War as part of the army, partisan formations or in the underground, who were wounded in battles, who were awarded orders of the USSR or medals “For Courage”, “Ushakov”, “For Military Merit” during the Great Patriotic War, "Nakhimov", "Partisan of the Patriotic War";

Disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War who were wounded in battle.

Order of the Patriotic War II degree:

Persons who took direct part in the Great Patriotic War as part of the active army, partisan formations or in the underground, if they are not subject to awarding the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree in accordance with this Decree.

In fact, all war veterans living at that time were awarded the order. The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR extended to the participants in the war with Japan.

Just imagine a veteran who has two identical orders of the Patriotic War - one for destroying 4 enemy tanks, and the other just like that, to commemorate and honor the anniversary.

There are no questions for the veterans themselves, since they did not invent it. But there are questions to those who, even before the advent of Gorbachev, began to destroy the Soviet legacy. Not only Gorbachev undermined the Soviet system, but those thousands whom the Soviet government did not appreciate, did not enrich, did not allow "to know how to live."

And there is one interesting aspect:
The signing of the decree of the presidium took place on March 11, 1985, and even the death of General Secretary Chernenko on March 10, 1985 did not affect it.
What does it say? The fact that even then, before March 1985, decisions were made to devalue Soviet values and this was documented.

As evidence, we can cite a commemorative medal for the 30th anniversary of the Victory:

And a medal for the 50th anniversary of the Victory:

Note that neither in the Brezhnev era, nor in the Yeltsin era, the goal was to outrage the Soviet through orders.
Because in the first case they would have been torn off for it .. everything that comes off, but in the second there was no need because. abuse has already happened.

And it was in the eighties, especially at the end, that the Soviets selflessly trampled (for example, the Order of the October Revolution (the history of its vulgarization is very revealing)), invented their own orders, and invented their own new history -
following the logic of which led to what we saw so well in Ukraine.