In 1965, a group called "Scorpions" appeared in Hannover. The ensemble performed a simple beat, and the band leader Rudolf Schenker considered "Yardbirds", "Pretty Things" and "Spooky Tooth" to be his idols. The situation changed when, on the eve of 1970, Rudolf's younger brother, Michael, appeared in the team, who, despite his young age, had already managed to prove himself a gifted guitarist. In "Scorpions" he did not come alone, but together with vocalist Klaus Meine, his partner in the collapsed Hanoverian gang "Copernicus". This type also turned out to be a valuable acquisition for the "scorpions", since it not only freed the elder Schenker from the duties of a singer, but also made up a good author's tandem with him. Heading towards guitar-driven hard rock, the band debuted with the album "Lonesome Crow", produced by Conny Plank.
In support of the record, the German musicians held a number of tours - with Rory Gallagher, "Uriah Heep" and "UFO", and during the last tour, the partner team enticed Michael Schenker to join them. The equally talented guitarist Ulrich Roth filled the resulting gap, and along with him, bassist Francis Buholz and drummer Jürgen Rosenthal joined the ranks of the Scorpions. In 1974, the disc "Fly To The Rainbow" was released, which marked the beginning of the signature "scorpion" style with heavy riffs, catchy melodies and Maine's recognizable vocals. Thanks to the title track and the action movie "Speedy's Coming", the album easily surpassed its predecessor in sales, but this was only the beginning of the conquest of the musical Olympus.
Having formed a long-term collaboration with producer Dieter Dirks, the band caused an attack of "scorpion mania" among the Japanese with the work "In Trance", and in 1976 at home took the "LP Of The Year" award for "Virgin Killer". In the Land of the Rising Sun, the fourth longplay brought the first gold to German rockers and the disc "Taken By Force" received a similar status. The Japanese tour of 1978 (based on which the live album "Tokyo Tapes" was released) was a huge success, but after the tour, dissatisfied with the commercialization of the sound, Roth resigned. Replacing departed guitarist Matthias Jabs, the Scorpions simultaneously moved from RCA to Mercury Records. The debut under the new roof was a triumph, and the album "Lovedrive" broke into many charts, including the "Billboard". During the sessions, Michael briefly returned to the team, but he hastily withdrew and started creating the Michael Schenker Group project.
Meanwhile, the Scorpions continued to rise through the ranks, with the conquest of America next in line. The first major overseas tour took place at the stadium venues, and the German rockers not only worked in tandem with Aerosmith and AC / DC, but also ousted Ted Nugent himself from the headliners. In 1981, when the album "Blackout" was being prepared, Maine had to undergo vocal cord surgery, but the health problem was solved, and the disc became one of the best-selling releases in the "scorpion" discography. In the 80s the band was at the height of their career and, like "Blackout", three subsequent releases achieved platinum status. During this time, "Scorpions" traveled the planet far and wide, visited the most remote corners and even broke through the iron curtain.
The Savage Amusement album came out too polished, and despite the fact that sales and chart positions remained at a high level, the musicians decided not to continue in the same spirit and parted ways with their longtime partner Dirks. The "Crazy World" record was produced by the Scorpions themselves (with a little help from Keith Olsen), but nevertheless managed to maintain their popularity. The disc took leading positions in many charts, and the main share of success fell on the ballad "Wind Of Change". After the release of this record, the stability of the composition was broken, and the place of the old man Bucholz was taken by Ralph Rieckermann. The "metalized" album "Face The Heat" caused conflicting responses from the fans, and on the next studio album the band relied on ballad material. By that time, long-lived drummer Herman Rarebell had dropped out of the game, and American James Kottak sat down at the drums.
With the album "Eye II Eye" the musicians again caused criticism, but already at the expense of overdoing it with electronics, but this did not seem to bother them, and the next year they set up a new experiment. In company with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the "scorpions" recorded a concert captured on the disc "Moment Of Glory". Their next creation was the unplugged "Acoustica", and only in 2004 the team presented the material that was expected from it. On the album "Unbreakable", which sounded quite heavy (which has not been observed since "Face The Heat"), bass player Pavel Machivoda made his debut. Critics greeted the work with applause, but the chart positions let us down. The concept album "Humanity: Hour I" turned out to be more commercially successful, reaching the 63rd line of "Billboard".
Last update 15.08.09The German rock band Scorpions has long been able to earn legendary status. However, the soloists of the group still do not lose their fighting spirit and a small spark of rage, which any performer of this genre must have.
History of success
The Scorpions appeared back in 1965 and quickly made themselves known throughout Hannover, the city where the founder of the legendary rock band lived.
Rudolf Schenker has been accustomed to the musical environment since childhood. At the age of five, Rudolf got acquainted with the acoustic guitar, and a couple of years later, together with his brother Michael, they began to take music lessons from professional teachers.
When Rudolph was 16 years old, he organized the Scorpions group, but the group received this name a little later. Initially, the band was called "Nameless".
The reason for changing the band's name was the hit movie "Attack of the Scorpions" that was popular in those years. Being impressed by the picture, Rudolf Schenker changes the name of the group, invites his younger brother, and the formation stage begins in the history of the group.
Michael Schenker, in turn, invites Klaus Meine, whom he met while playing in the group "Copernicus", to become a member of the group. Klaus agrees and becomes the vocalist for the Scorpions. In the future, Klaus, like not many other members of the team, will not betray the group and will go through his entire creative path precisely as part of the Scorpions.
Rock - group Scorpions photo №2
1972 was marked by the release of the Lonesome Crow album. This is the first album the Scorpions have recorded in their seven years of existence. After the release of this album, the band begins to be recognized, the doors to the international hard rock scene swing open before the musicians.
In 1973, the Scorpions were invited to accompany the London band UFO on their German tour. It was during this period that the still practically unknown group of Hanover began to disintegrate. The brother of the founder of the Scorpions, Michael, goes to the team of London musicians, and Rudolph cannot find a replacement for him for a long time.
The remaining members of the group decide to move to the Dawn Road group. The name of this team at that time was already well known in Germany, but the new line-up unanimously decided to change the name to Scorpions.
So, nothing remained of the original Scorpions, except for the first and only album.
Heading to the American market
Every day the music of Scorpions gained more and more popularity. The album "Taken by Force" consisted of ballads, which, like classic rock, are characteristic of the Scorpions. This is the first album the Scorpions have recorded and presented with a brand new lineup. Surprisingly, the record becomes a very profitable project, and the band goes on their first tour. While touring, the musicians release another album. "Tokyo Tapes" is considered the album that completes the first stage of their career, it is with it that a new stage in the development of the group begins.
“We decided that this album will be the starting point for new achievements of the group. We were waiting for the final composition of the group to be finally determined in order to start working at full capacity. While some members were fooling themselves and the rest, we decided to record Tokyo Tapes so that people would not notice the discord in the group, ”says Scorpions founder Rudolf Schenker.
Rock - group Scorpions photo #3
It is worth noting that since 1979 the team has experienced constant stress - the participants either left the group, then returned to it again. It was impossible to work in such a rhythm - the group could simply break up. When the line-up more or less "settled down", the musicians decided to start taking new heights. The group worked to conquer the American rockers. The new group consisted of five musicians. Klaus Meine provided lead vocals, Rudolf Schenker and Matthias Jabs continued on guitar, Ralf Rieckermann on bass and James Kottak on drums.
The seventh album of the Scorpions' career, Animal Magnetism opens up new rock stars to the world. It was this album that became the hallmark of the legendary German band. The musicians continue to work hard. 1989 becomes another page of the group's success.
Scorpions begin to cooperate with Phonogram Records. The first album, which was released under the direction of this company, "Crazy World" is gaining fabulous popularity in record time. The Scorpions song "Wind Of Change", which the artists dedicated to the period of perestroika in the USSR, instantly takes off to the top of the charts.
International recognition came to the musicians when in 1992 they went on a concert tour, which included a series of concerts around the world and lasted several years. During the next concert tour, the group released several more albums, and the Scorpions song "Under the Same Sun" was decided to be used as the final track of the pictures "In the Death Zone".
Rock - group Scorpions photo №4
New Age
The group's motto "do not stop at the successes that have already been achieved" is still relevant, and the Scorpions with renewed vigor again enter the world stage, now, new rock music. The group begins to experiment something new, the artists accept the invitation of Michael Jackson and perform at his charity concert. No less interesting and spectacular was the concert of the Scorpions, where they performed together with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 2010, the Scorpions announced that they were embarking on their final world tour with a series of farewell concerts.
“We decided to extend our series of concerts for three years. We decided to leave slowly - we did not expect the public to react so violently to our statement. In addition to the fans, we are held back by another project - we are shooting a documentary film about our success story, ”comments Scorpions vocalist Klaus Meine on a long tour.
The Scorpions continue to listen to songs even today, the musicians even claim that new fans are constantly joining their “party”, rockers of the new century, so to speak. The legendary group will remain in the hearts of the listeners for a long time, and “the party can be considered successful only when a way out of it is found” (K. Meine).
Video clip for the ballad of the Scorpions "Wind Of Change"
This group was the first to declare the German rock scene as a real fighting unit. It was they who became the ones who opened the way to fame, albeit indirectly, for such bands as Accept, Helloween, Bonfire. As you probably guessed, the article will focus on the Hanoverian band Scorpions. The history of this group is almost 50 years old, but at the same time the group still remains in the ranks and gathers thousands of crowds at its concerts.The history of the team formally began in 1948, when two boys were born in the Schenker and Meine families - Rudolf and Klaus. In 1965, Rudolf Schenker decided, influenced by the British rock scene, to form his own band focused on heavy music. Soon, due to the need to serve in the army, the group temporarily broke up, but in 1969 it gathered again. At that time, in addition to Rudolf Schenker, Karl-Heinz Vollmer, Wolfgang Zioni and Lothar Heimberg played in the group. A little later, Schenker invited his younger brother Michael, who was already considered an excellent guitarist at that time, as well as vocalist Klaus Meine, who at that time played in the band Copernicus, to join the line-up. Volmer left the band by that time and this quintet recorded the band's first album "Lonesome Crow" (Lonely Crow). The album was recorded as the soundtrack to the film Cold Paradise.
After that, Michael Schenker left the group, joining the British from UFO. A new lead guitarist Uli John Roth joined the band, who held this position until 1978 and recorded on 4 albums, bringing to the band's sound a special style so beloved by fans of the band's early work. Also, at this time, bassist Francis Buholz joins the group, who has become a member of the group for two decades. Drummers changed more frequently until Herman Rarebell took over drums in 1977. The band defined their style as a mixture of hard rock and heavy metal with lyrical ballads, which became the band's trademark, de facto rock ballad style. At this time, the group began to gradually gain popularity in the European and Japanese scene, where their albums became very popular, which resulted in the recording of the live record "Tokyo Tapes" in 1978.
At the same time, Schenker Jr. returned to the place of the guitarist for a short time, who was then replaced by Matthias Jabs, who became the last link in the group that decided to conquer the world. In 1979, the first album of the golden line-up, Lovedrive, was released, containing several hits that are often performed at concerts to this day, including the ballad Holiday. With this album, the glorious path of the group on the American and world stage began. One after another, albums were released that became gold and platinum, especially Blackout and Love at first sting became especially successful. During this time, the group recorded their main hits The Zoo, Still Loving You, Big City Nights, Rock you like a hurricane or Blackout. A few years later, Scorpions became the first rock band to perform behind the iron curtain of the USSR. It happened in 1988 in Leningrad. A year later, they performed in Moscow at the Peace Festival. This is what formed the basis of the famous hit Scorpions Wind of Change. This song and the album "Crazy World" became the swan song of the golden line-up of the Scorpions. After that, Bucholz left the group, replaced by Ralph Rieckermann. And three years later, Rarebell followed the example of the bassist. Soon the place of permanent drummer was taken by the first non-German - American James Kottak. A blond-haired American with a tattoo on his entire back - "Rock n Roll forever" soon became a significant figure in the group, and his drum solos became signature elements of concerts! The last line-up change was the arrival of Pavel Macivoda, an ethnic Pole, before the release of Unbreakable in 2004. But before that, the band had done two rare projects for a metal band.
In 2000, together with the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, they recorded the album Moment of Glory and released a DVD. Among the many invited guests was Christian Kolonovits, who became a conductor at the concert and went on tour with them. A year later, together they carried out an acoustic album recording project in Lisbon.
After that, the group recorded 3 more albums of new songs, and in 2011 released the album “Comeblack”, which includes several re-recorded classic hits of the group and a number of proven hits from other groups. In 2010, simultaneously with the release of the next driving album "Sting in the Tail", the band announced the end of the concert activity and, following this, went on a farewell tour, which lasted until 2012. True, the Germans promise to please with the release of many unreleased records of past years, including new songs!
As a result of a long career, several generalizing facts can be drawn. In total, today the group has managed to release 19 studio albums and 4 live ones. 17 people managed to play in its composition, among them only Rudolf Schenker was its permanent member. Although the band's style is defined on the verge of hard rock and heavy metal, they occasionally played in a lighter style. Their music is considered by more than one generation of fans, Scorpions are accepted for their own and in the camp of notorious metalheads and fans of classic rock.
Already legendary on the whole planet musical group Scorpions(Russian Scorpions) was formed in 1965 in the German city of Hannover. It is the most popular rock band in Germany and beyond. Suffice it to say that Scorpions have sold over one hundred million albums worldwide. Scorpions perform on stage not only classic rock, but also guitar lyrical ballads.
The founder of the team is Rudolf Schenker. In 1969, his younger brother Michael joined the group, as well as vocalist Klaus Meine, who can be called the leader and face of the Scorpions.
Klaus was born into a family of working people Hugo and Ernie Meine. In 1964, he graduated with honors from high school, and after that he was educated as a decorator at the Hannover Design College in Hannover, graduating as a decorator. I started working as a driver. Meine sang from childhood, but it was just a hobby. And he got into the Scorpions thanks to his acquaintance with Rudolf Schenker. He several times invited him as a vocalist to the team, until Maine did not agree. Klaus is not only the voice of the group, but also the author of the text of most of the songs. The vocalist of the Scorpions is married to Gabi, who gave birth to his son, who now lives in Wedemark.
The Scorpions made their debut on the international rock scene in 1972 with the Lonesome Crow album. Guitarist Uli Roth was invited to the band, but he decided not to leave his band Dawn Road, which featured Achim Kirsching (keyboards), Francis Buchholz (bass) and Jurgen Rosenthal (drums). And then Rudolf Schenker decided to join them, and soon Klaus Meine. We can say that at that moment the former Scorpions ceased to exist, and the Dawn Road team simply took on a name that all Germans already knew. The new composition of the group recorded in 1974 the disc Fly to the Rainbow. In the same year, the drummer changed in the group. Rosenthal was replaced by Rudy Lenners.
Next albums Scorpions- In Trance (1975) and Virgin Killer (1976) allowed the band to find their own unique style - heavy-duty riffs, vocal melodic lines and ornate guitar solos. Album 1977 Taken by Force brought the powerful ballads of the Scorpions to the world. The group was left by Lenners and Roth, and joined by Herman Rarebell and Matthias Jabs. And in 1979, Michael Schenker finally left the group. The popularity of Scorpions grew rapidly not only in the old world, but also in the East.
In 1980, the famous album Animal Magnetism was released. The beginning of the 80s was overshadowed by serious problems with the voice of Maine, who underwent surgery and began to speak and sing again. But in 1982, the album "Blackout" was recorded, which hit the Top-10 of Billboard, and 2 years later Love At First Sting with an immortal hit. This is how America was conquered. In 1988, after a 4-year break, the Savage Amusement album was released, which had a huge success.
But the most successful album " Scorpions"recorded in 1990" - Crazy World with the song Wind Of Change (more than 1 million sales), dedicated to events in the USSR. And a year before that, the group broke up with producer Dieter Dirks and began collaborating with Phonogram Records. In 1992, the group left Buchholz, and the Scorpions entered the 3rd successful phase of their career and went on a multi-year tour around the planet.In 1996, the Scorpions recorded the album Pure Instinct.
In the 2000s, the Scorpios continued to work, recording several experimental albums (Unbreakable in 2004, Humanity: Hour I in 2007, etc.), and constantly tour the world. Since 2010, the band has toured with a farewell tour called Get Your Sting And Blackout. It lasted until 2013.
Page views: 2825Scorpions ("Scorpions") - a cult German rock band formed in 1965. However, the debut album was released in 1972. Behind Scorpions are millions of sold discs, the same number of concerts and a huge number of fans, as well as super hits: Wind Of Change, which became the anthem of perestroika, Still Loving You, which literally caused rampant "scorpiomania" in some countries and many others.
Like many teenagers in post-war Germany, Klaus Meine and Rudolf Schenker were influenced by music and other delights of modern life brought to their homeland by American soldiers: M Elvis Presley, chewing gum, blue jeans, leather vests and, above all, rock n-roll. From an early age, Klaus and Rudolf felt an irresistible desire to pick up a guitar and step out into the limelight. In the early 60s, the Beatles made a beat revolution. And in the mid-60s, Klaus Meine and Rudolf Schenker, blessed by understanding parents, also began performing with their beat groups.
In 1965, Rudolf Schenker in Hanover, Germany, Lower Saxony, created a group called Scorpions.
Years of existence: 1968-1972
Lineup: Wolfgang Dziony, Rudolf Schenker, Klaus Meine, Michael Schenker, Lothar Heimberg
Rudolf Schenker, guitarist and songwriter, was inspired by the rough riffs of bands like M The Yardbirds, M The Pretty Things and M Spooky Tooth, who were considered real hard rockers in those days.
Rudolf's younger brother Michael (Michael Schenker) was fascinated by beat music and the emerging rock culture. With the advent of the New Year 1970, the younger Schenker, who despite his youth had already established himself as an outstanding guitarist, left the Hanoverian band Copernicus with singer and composer Klaus Meine to join the Scorpions. Klaus and Rudolf teamed up to form the excellent Meine/Schenker creative duo, laying the foundation for an impressive success story.
Line-up for 1972: Michael Schenker, Joe Wyman, Lothar Heimberg, Klaus Meine, Rudolf Schenker.
In 1972, the Scorpions released their remarkable debut album, Lonesome Crow, produced by Conny Plank in Hamburg. The vocal and instrumental motifs that a few years later became the typical, unchanging Scorpio sound are already recognizable: uncompromising guitar hard rock like that played by M Jimi Hendrix, M Cream, M Led Zeppelin in the mid-60s.
The peculiar style of Scorpions is the result of a combination of two electric guitars: with unusually powerful riffs and with dazzling ornate solos. Add to that the instantly recognizable voice of singer and frontman Klaus Meine with his expressive, brilliant delivery.
In a way, the Scorpions were unique to the German rock scene of that period. From the very beginning, the group aimed to reach the top of the world hard rock business, so Klaus Meine wrote all the lyrics in English. In the creative union of Meine and Schenker, Germany finally found a worthy answer to the famous beat and rock teams from the English-speaking world.
The first album, Lonesome Crow, set the band on the road to international success. The Scorpions were the opening act for M Rory Gallagher, M UFO and M Uriah Heep.
Throughout the history of the Scorpions, Rudolf Schenker has been its unwavering driving force. He followed his father's philosophy of life: "Nothing is impossible, you just have to believe." From the early days of the Scorpions, Rudolf Schenker said without too much modesty: "One day the Scorpions will become one of the best rock bands in the world!" The other members of the group were also committed to this idea.
Scorpions never rest on their laurels and are constantly looking for something new. They used every opportunity to improve their professional level and get closer to success.
1974 line-up: Uli Roth, Francis Buchholz, Klaus Meine, Jurgen Rosenthal, Rudolf Schenker
In 1973, after a joint tour with M UFO, Michael Schenker joined this British rock band. He was replaced by Ulrich Roht as lead guitarist in Skorpovsky's place. He too was an exceptional guitarist with an almost mystical talent. With Ulrich, the Scorpions continued their exploration of the hard rock genre.
In the 70s they undertook several tours in Western Europe, playing in numerous venues and conquering country after country. They appeared wherever it was possible to connect their instruments. In 1973 they were the opening act for M Sweet on their first European tour. At the same time, the Scorpions continued to work on studio albums, of which the next four were recorded with Ulrich. Fly To The Rainbow (1974) features hard, energetic rock like never before heard from a German band. The title track Speedy's Coming epitomizes the Scorpions' style: ultra-hard rock harmonized with catchy melodies.
Starting with their third album, In Trance Scorpions have been working with renowned international producer Dieter Dirks. They resolutely undertook to make a career in hard rock. In Trance became a bestseller in Japan, where a real Scorpion Mania broke out.
Line-up in 1975: Francis Buchholz, Klaus Meine, Rudy Lenners, Uli Roth, Rudolf Schenker
In 1975, the Scorpions toured Europe, where they were the "highlight of the program" along with M KISS. In the same year they were recognized as the best live band in Germany. While touring the UK, the Scorpions found themselves in the "lion's den": they had the honor of performing at the legendary Cavern Club in Liverpool ("Cavern Club"). In this cradle of hard rock, they have managed to gain recognition from even the most die-hard British fans. Further successes of the Scorpions in the mid-70s were concerts at the famous London club The Marquee.
The Scorpions' dream of becoming the best German rock band came true when their fourth album, Virgin Killer, won the Album of the Year award in Germany. In Japan, Virgin Killer was certified gold for the first time in the band's history.
The next album, Taken By Force, also went gold in Japan.
1978 line-up: Herman Rarebell, Uli Roth, Francis Buchholz, Rudolf
Schenker, Klaus Meine
In 1978, the Scorpions toured Japan, the second largest music market in the world, where they first experienced what it means to be a superstar. Upon arrival at the Tokyo airport, the five of our rockers were surrounded by a crowd of enthusiastic fans.
After the Japanese tour, Ulrich Roth left the band. The double album Tokyo Tapes kind of summed up the period of cooperation between the Scorpions and Ulrich. This record is even now highly valued by collectors all over the world.
Michael Schenker returned to the group for a short time (he recorded parts in some songs with Lovedrive), and then Matthias Jabs finally took the vacant place of the guitarist. This was preceded by a huge amount of work. In 1978, an announcement appeared in Melody Maker magazine: The Scorpions were looking for a new lead guitarist. In London, they had to listen to more than 140 applicants, until they chose their fellow Hanoverian Matthias Jabs. Having joined the work at the very end, Matthias nevertheless immediately joined the recording of Lovedrive. The album was a massive triumph for the band and remains one of the Scorpions' best albums to this day. The cover won the Best Art Direction of the Year Award.
As already mentioned, Michael Schenker briefly joined the band in 1978, but left it again right in the middle of the tour. In 1980 he created his own group MSG (The Michael Schenker Group).
Matthias Jabs, one might say, jumped on the bandwagon of the departing train, having accomplished a real feat: just the night before, he learned the entire program of the upcoming tour. His baptism of fire came when the Scorpions played in front of a crowd of 55,000 as the opening act for M Genesis. In Matthias, the Scorpions have finally found a lead guitarist whose enthusiasm, virtuosity and creativity have made a decisive contribution to the band's success. Thanks to him, the Scorpio sound became even richer and more expressive. Like the missing piece of the puzzle, his guitar perfectly complemented the band's dynamics, creating what we call the Scorpions' unique sound.
Klaus Meine, Rudolf Schenker and Matthias Jabs still form the backbone of the group.
With bassist Francis Buhholz (he joined the band in 1973 at the same time as Ulrich Roth) and drummer Herman Rarebell (he made his debut during the recording of Taken By Force) they finally established an "all-star line-up" who was destined to continue the victorious march until the Wind of Change.
Group in 1979: Francis Buchholz, Herman Rarebell, Klaus Meine, Matthias Jabs, Rudolf Schenker.
Already hailed as a supergroup in Japan in 1978, in 1979 the Scorpions set out to conquer the huge US market. Their weapon: a professional attitude to business, unbending will to win and a friendly atmosphere both within the group and in relation to the fans. And, of course, amazing musicality. The Scorpions had a very long way to go before they formed their own unique musical image on the world rock scene.
In the 80s. The US had the largest music market in the world. And since 1974, the Scorpions have had a lot of followers in the States. M Van Halen launched a career in music by covering Scorpio's hits Speedy's Coming (with Fly To The Rainbow) and Catch Your Train (with Virgin Killer).
In 1979, now professionally produced and fueled by the success of Lovedrive, the Scorpions, with their permanent line-up of Klaus Meine, Rudolf Schenker and Matthias Jabs, began their first major American tour, playing open-air concerts with M Aerosmith, M Tad Nugent and M AC/DC. In Chicago, the Scorpions became the "highlight" instead of Ted Nugent's M, and since then the Scorpions have had more fans in that city. This tour was a good lesson for the Scorpions in the rock business.
Their seventh album, Lovedrive, was released in the US in 1979 and was the first Scorpions record to be certified gold there. Next
