The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums in Russia and the world, named after the founder, merchant and philanthropist Pavel Tretyakov. P. Tretyakov began collecting paintings in 1850, and 17 years later he opened a gallery, the collection of which consisted of about two thousand works of fine art and several sculptures. In 1893, the collection, previously donated to Moscow, became known as the Moscow City Tretyakov Gallery and was maintained with money bequeathed by the founders.
In 1918, the Tretyakov Gallery was nationalized and became the "state property of the RSFRS", its first directors were the art critic and artist I. Grabar, and then the architect A. Shchusev. Under them, the funds of the Museum grew, several new buildings were added, and new expositions were actively developed.
During the Great Patriotic War, all canvases and sculptures were taken to Novosibirsk and Molotov. The evacuation lasted more than a year, but already on May 17, 1945, the exhibitions were again open to residents and guests of Moscow.
In the following decades, the Museum continuously grew, and today it includes the Gallery on Krymsky Val, the Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, the house-museum of V. M. Vasnetsov, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi and other branches.
The museum's collections include works of art XI-XXI, among which are Russian painting, sculpture, graphics. The most famous works kept in the Museum are the icons of the 11th-17th centuries, and among them the face of the Vladimir Mother of God, Rublev's "Trinity" and icons painted by Dionysius, Theophan the Greek, Simon Ushakov are especially valuable.
The basis of the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery is Russian painting, most of which belongs to the second half of the 19th century. The collection includes works by Kramskoy, Perov, Vasnetsov, Savrasov, Shishkin, Aivazovsky, Repin, Vereshchagin and other famous Russian artists. In the 20th century, the Gallery was replenished with works by Vrubel, Levitan, Serov, Malevich, Roerich, Benois. During the Soviet period, Deineka, Brodsky, Kukryniksy, Nesterov and others appeared in the expositions. In addition to painting, the Museum stores and exhibits works by Antokolkolsky, Mukhina, Shadr, Konenkov and other famous sculptors.
Currently, the Tretyakov Gallery is developing new expositions and exhibitions, is actively cooperating with many museums around the world and Russia, providing them with collections for temporary exhibitions, also carries out restoration and research work, replenishes funds, develops cultural and educational programs, participates in major museum, film and and music festivals.
The Tretyakov Gallery in 1995 was recognized as one of the most valuable cultural objects for its activities in the field of preserving art objects and promoting museum values.
Tretyakov Gallery Address: 119017, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10
Directions: Metro "Tretyakovskaya" or "Polyanka"
Tretyakov Gallery brief information.
The Tretyakov Gallery is another sight Moscow, which every tourist must visit. The largest collection of paintings in Russia is located here. Now the mansion in Lavrushinsky lane, whose facade is decorated with stucco, is a famous gallery, and in the 19th century it was a merchant's house. In 1851, this mansion was bought by a philanthropist, the owner paper spinning factories and art collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. Initially, the house was bought for living and only much later it turns into a gallery.
In 1854, Tretyakov purchased 9 canvases and 11 sheets of graphics by old Dutch masters and placed them in his mansion. According to historians, this was the creation of the famous gallery. However, the official year of its foundation is 1856. This year for his collection P. M . Tretyakov acquires two canvases - V. G . Khudyakov "Clash with the Finnish smugglers"and N. G . Schilder "Temptation".
Together with Pavel, his brother Sergei is also engaged in the acquisition of paintings by famous painters. For some time, only a narrow circle of people can admire the collection of the Tretyakov brothers. But in 1867 it first became available to the general public. By this year, the collection of the Tretyakov brothers already consisted of 471 drawings, 10 sculptures and 1276 paintings. The vast majority of works were by domestic masters.
Time passed. The collection kept growing. Additional additions had to be made to the house. New rooms appeared. In 1892 Pyotr Mikhailovich Tretyakov donated the gallery to Moscow. In 1904, the building of the art gallery acquired the famous Vasnetsovsky facade. The sketch of the facade was created by the famous Russian painter V. M . Vasnetsov (the facade was named after him), and designed by V. N . Bashkirov.
Every year the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery increased, it was necessary to streamline it. Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, having become in 1913 first a trustee and then a director of the gallery, for the first time introduced in Russia the arrangement of paintings in chronological okay.
After the revolution, it was decided to transfer neighboring buildings to the Tretyakov Gallery. First, the house in Maly Tolmachevsky Lane (the former property of the merchant Sokolikov) was attributed to it, and then the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. In order to prolong the work of the gallery , it was electrified in 1929 .
In 1941, the collection was evacuated, and the building itself was seriously damaged. However, by 1945, most of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery were restored, the exhibits were returned to Moscow, and tourists were able to admire the works of Russian masters again.
In 1986, the gallery building was closed for a major overhaul, which lasted almost 10 years. Part of the exposition was located in one of the buildings on Krymsky Val. The same year is also the moment of the formation of the All-Russian Museum Association, called " State Tretyakov Gallery ". Today in the State The Tretyakov Gallery, in addition to these two buildings, also includes the house-museum of P. Korina, museum-temple of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi, house-museum of V. Vasnetsov and the museum-apartment of A. Vasnetsov, as well as the museum-workshop of A. Golubkina. Since 1995, the building of the merchant Tretyakov has housed a collection of exhibits dating back to the beginning of the last century. Works of the 20th century are exclusively in the building on Krymsky Val.
Now the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery includes over 55 thousand exhibits. There are not only paintings, but also icons, sculptures, works of arts and crafts. An excursion to the Tretyakov Gallery will be very interesting and will bring a lot of impressions.
In the list of famous art museums in the world State Tretyakov Gallery occupies one of the highest places. Today, its collection includes more than 180 thousand exhibits, including paintings, sculpture and jewelry. The exhibited masterpieces were created during the historical period dating back to the 11th-20th centuries. The building, which houses the main collection, was built in 1906, and today is included in the register of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation.
More than one and a half million people visit the museum every year.
History of the gallery
May 22, 1856 philanthropist and successful industrialist Pavel Tretyakov bought a painting by Vasily Khudyakov "Clash with Finnish smugglers". This day is considered the founding date of the museum, which Tretyakov and his brother had planned to create a long time ago. He dreamed of presenting the work of Russian artists to people. Soon the collection was replenished with the canvases “The Procession at Easter” by V. Perov, “Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich in Peterhof” by N. Ge and many others. The collection grew and multiplied, and Tretyakov decided to show the paintings to the audience. In 1867 he opened the first gallery in his own estate in Lavrushinsky Lane. At that time, the collection included 1276 paintings, almost five hundred drawings, a small collection of sculptures and several dozen works by foreign artists.
Tretyakov supported many little-known masters and, thanks to his patronage, Vasnetsov and Makovsky became famous. By purchasing paintings objectionable to the authorities, the founder of the gallery inspired painters to freedom of thought and courage in relation to censors.
The Tretyakov Gallery became a national museum at the end of the 19th century, and from that moment on, anyone could visit it and absolutely free of charge. In 1892, after the death of his brother, Pavel Tretyakov donated the collection to the city. This is how an art gallery appears in Moscow, which eventually becomes one of the largest collections of works of art on the planet.
When the Tretyakovs just started collecting paintings, their collection was housed in the rooms of the mansion where the brothers lived. But in 1860 they decided to build a separate building to store the collection, which by that time had grown into a solid art collection. The two-story extension to the Tretyakov mansion received a separate entrance for visitors, and the paintings - two spacious halls.
New paintings continued to arrive, and the gallery expanded and completed. After the death of the owners, the mansion was reconstructed, and at the beginning of the 20th century it was combined with the halls of the gallery. The facade in the form of an old tower was designed by the artist Vasnetsov.
Golden Fund of the Tretyakov Gallery
You will see the oldest exhibits of the museum in the collection of iconography of the XII-XVII centuries. For example, image of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God, brought at the beginning of the XII century from Constantinople. After the persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church during the formation of Soviet power, the icon ended up in a museum.
Rublevskaya "Trinity"- another world-famous masterpiece of Russian icon painting. The author created it in memory of Sergei Radonezhsky in the first third of the 15th century.
Master Dionysius- no less famous icon painter, and his work "Metropolitan Alexei", written at the end of the 15th century, is also on the list of the most valuable exhibits of the Tretyakov collection.
The now unknown masters of the Mikhailovsky Golden-Domed Monastery at the beginning of the 12th century made mosaic depicting St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. In their work, they used matte colored stones and gold smalt. The work is exhibited in the department of Russian icon painting.
Among the many paintings of the State Tretyakov Gallery, the most famous paintings usually receive special attention from visitors.
XVIII century is represented by works Dmitry Levitsky, Vladimir Borovikovsky and Fedor Rokotov. The most famous works of this era are portraits of Gavriil Golovkin, a former associate of Peter I, and Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The first was written by Ivan Nikitin, and the queen was painted by Georg Groot.
The 19th century that replaced the world gave the world new artists represented in the museum especially widely:
Outstanding Masterpiece I. Kramskoy "Stranger" depicts a young woman riding in an open carriage along Nevsky Prospekt. Neither in the artist's letters nor in his diaries is there even a hint of the model's personality, and her name remains a mystery at all times.
- "Princess Tarakanova" by Konstantin Flavitsky depicts the death of an adventurer who posed as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna and sister of Pugachev. After being exposed, the woman was thrown into the casemates of the Peter and Paul Fortress, where, as legend has it, she died from a flood. The painting was painted by Flavitsky in 1864. Critic Stasov called it "the most brilliant creation of Russian painting."
Another amazingly beautiful female portrait exhibited in the Tretyakov Gallery - "Peach Girl". The painting depicts the daughter of Savva Mamontov, but attracts viewers to the canvas V. Serov completely different. The work is permeated with amazing light and filled with freshness that does not disappear over time.
The textbook landscape is called the work A. Savrasova "The Rooks Have Arrived". Critics consider the painting an important stage in the development of landscape painting in Russia. Despite the unpretentiousness of the plot, the picture seems especially close to the heart of any Russian person.
- "Moonlit night on Capri" depicts the seascape of the Gulf of Naples. Its author is a famous Russian marine painter I. Aivazovsky, painter of the Main Naval Staff and author of amazing works dedicated to the sea.
There is an opinion that "Hunters in Retreat" were written V. Perov based on the stories of I. Turgenev. The plot composition, presented by the author to the viewer, depicts three landowners who stopped to rest after a successful hunt. Perov managed to depict the characters and their environment so vividly that the viewer becomes an unwitting participant in the hunters' conversation.
- "Unequal marriage" by V. Pukirev, as his contemporaries claimed, was written by the artist at the time of his own torment: Pukirev's beloved girl was married by calculation. The picture is made with great love, and the moods of the characters are masterfully conveyed. You can also see the artist's self-portrait on the canvas - he stands behind the bride, arms crossed over his chest.
Three more famous paintings of the XIX century. in the Tretyakov Gallery invariably gather enthusiastic spectators near them:
Painting "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan on November 16, 1581" by Ilya Repin better known to the public under the title "Ivan the Terrible kills his son." The artist depicts the moment that came a couple of seconds after the fatal blow that the tsar inflicted on Tsarevich Ivan. The tyrant mad with grief and the failed heir accepting his fate with meekness are written out so skillfully that the picture still evokes the brightest feelings and emotions in the audience.
- "The Appearance of Christ to the People" A. Ivanov wrote for about 20 years. While working, he created several hundred sketches and called the plot of his canvas "worldwide". Ivanov believed that he portrayed a moment in time that played a decisive role in the fate of all mankind. The huge canvas is exhibited in a separate room built for it in the 30s of the last century.
- "Bogatyrs" Vasnetsov depict three heroes of Russian epics on mighty horses in military armor. They inspect the surroundings and with all their appearance demonstrate their readiness to defend the Russian land from enemies. According to the author, he sought "to mark the continuity of the heroic past of the Russian people with its great future."
The twentieth century is represented by the works of Petrov-Vodkin, Benois, Krymov, Chagall, Konchalovsky, Korovin, as well as sculptures by Vera Mukhina. The authors of the Soviet period, whose paintings were honored to take their place on the walls of the Tretyakov Gallery - Isaak Brodsky, the Kukryniksy team, Tatyana Yablonskaya, Evgeny Vuchetich and many others.
Branches of the Tretyakov Gallery
The main building of the gallery is located at: Lavrushinsky lane, 10. It presents the permanent exhibition of the museum and periodically acquaints visitors with temporary exhibitions. Recently, the Engineering Building was added to the main building, where collections of regional museums are presented to residents and guests of the capital. In addition, the Tretyakov Gallery has several branches:
- New Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val was built near the place where P. Tretyakov, who founded the museum, was born. The branch demonstrates works in a modern style, written in the XX-XI centuries.
With the acquisition of a large Turkestan series of paintings and studies by V.V. Vereshchagin, the question of building a special building for the art gallery was resolved by itself. Construction began in 1872, and in the spring of 1874 the paintings were relocated to the two-story, consisting of two large halls (now halls No. 8, 46, 47, 48), the first room of the Tretyakov Gallery. It was erected according to the project of Tretyakov's son-in-law (sister's husband), architect A.S. Kaminsky in the garden of the Zamoskvoretsky Tretyakov estate and connected to their residential building, but had a separate entrance for visitors. However, the rapid growth of the collection soon led to the fact that by the end of the 1880s the number of halls of the gallery had increased to 14. The two-story building of the gallery surrounded the residential building on three sides from the side of the garden up to Maly Tolmachevsky Lane. With the construction of a special gallery building, the Tretyakov collection was given the status of a real museum, private in affiliation, public in nature, a museum free of charge and open for almost all days of the week for any visitor, regardless of gender or rank. In 1892, Tretyakov donated his museum to the city of Moscow.
By decision of the Moscow City Duma, which now legally owned the gallery, P.M. Tretyakov was appointed its life trustee. As before, Tretyakov enjoyed almost the sole right to select works, making purchases both with capital allocated by the Duma and with his own funds, transferring such acquisitions already as a gift to the “Moscow City Art Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov” (such was then the full name of the Tretyakov Gallery). Tretyakov continued to take care of expanding the premises, adding 8 more spacious halls to the existing 14 in the 1890s. Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov died on December 16, 1898. After the death of P. M. Tretyakov, the Board of Trustees, elected by the Duma, became in charge of the gallery's affairs. In different years, it included prominent Moscow artists and collectors - V.A. Serov, I.S. Ostroukhov, I.E. Tsvetkov, I. N. Grabar. For almost 15 years (1899 - early 1913), Pavel Mikhailovich's daughter, Alexandra Pavlovna Botkina (1867-1959), was a permanent member of the Council.
In 1899-1900, the empty residential building of the Tretyakovs was rebuilt and adapted for the needs of the gallery (now halls No. 1, 3-7 and vestibules of the 1st floor). In 1902-1904, the entire complex of buildings was united along Lavrushinsky Lane with a common facade built according to the project of V.M. Vasnetsov and gave the building of the Tretyakov Gallery a great architectural originality, which still distinguishes it from other Moscow sights
TRANSFER OF THE P.M.TRETYAKOV GALLERY AS A GIFT TO MOSCOW. 1892-1898
In the summer of 1892, the youngest of the Tretyakov brothers, Sergei Mikhailovich, died unexpectedly. He left a will in which he asked to attach his paintings to the art collection of his older brother; there were also the following lines in the will: “Since my brother Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov expressed to me his intention to donate an art collection to the city of Moscow and, in view of this, to give ownership to the Moscow City Duma of his part of the house ... where his art collection is located ... then I am part of this house, belonging to me, I give it to the property of the Moscow City Duma, but in order for the Duma to accept the conditions under which my brother will provide her with his donation ... ”The testament could not be fulfilled while the gallery belonged to P.M. Tretyakov.
On August 31, 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich wrote an application to the Moscow City Duma to donate his collection to the city, as well as the collection of Sergei Mikhailovich (along with the house). In September, at its meeting, the Duma officially accepted the gift, decided to thank Pavel Mikhailovich and Nikolai Sergeevich (Sergei Mikhailovich’s son) for the gift, and also decided to petition for the donated collection to be named the City Art Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. P. M. Tretyakov was approved as a trustee of the Gallery. Not wanting to participate in the celebrations and listen to thanks, Pavel Mikhailovich went abroad. Soon thank-you addresses, letters, telegrams really rained down. Russian society did not remain indifferent to Tretyakov's noble deed. In January 1893, the Moscow City Duma decided to allocate 5,000 rubles annually for the acquisition of works of art for the Gallery, in addition to the amounts bequeathed by Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. In August 1893 the Gallery was officially opened to the public (Pavel
Mihailović was forced to close it in 1891 due to the theft of works).
In December 1896, P.M. Tretyakov became an honorary citizen of the city of Moscow, as stated in the verdict of the Moscow City Duma "... For the great service to Moscow, which he made the center of artistic education in Russia, bringing his precious collection of works of Russian art as a gift to the ancient capital" .
After the transfer of the collection to the city, Pavel Mikhailovich did not stop taking care of his Gallery, remaining its trustee until the end of his life. The paintings were bought not only with the money of the city, but also with the funds of Tretyakov, who donated them to the Gallery. In the 1890s, the collection was replenished with works by N.N.Ge, I.E.Repin, A.K.Savrasov, V.A.Serov, N.A.Kasatkin, M.V.Nesterov and other masters. Beginning in 1893, P.M. Tretyakov annually published catalogs of the collection, constantly supplementing and updating them. To do this, he corresponded with artists, their relatives, collectors, extracting valuable information bit by bit, sometimes offering to change the name of the picture. So N. N. Roerich agreed with Pavel Mikhailovich when compiling the catalog of 1898: “... For the language, indeed, a short name is better, at least such a “Slavic town. Messenger". It was the last catalog prepared by Tretyakov, the most complete and accurate. In 1897-1898, the Gallery building was again expanded, this time with an internal garden, in which Pavel Mikhailovich liked to walk, sacrificing everything for the sake of his beloved brainchild. The organization of the collection of Sergei Mikhailovich, the new re-hangling of paintings took away a lot of strength from Tretyakov. Trade and industrial affairs, participation in many societies, and charity required time and energy. Pavel Mikhailovich took an active part in the activities of the Moscow
society of art lovers, the Moscow Art Society, the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He did a lot for the Arnold School for the Deaf and Dumb, helping not only financially, but also entering into all the subtleties of the educational process, construction and repair of buildings. At the request of I.V. Tsvetaev, Tretyakov also contributed to the creation of the Museum of Fine Arts (now the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts). All the donations of P.M. Tretyakov cannot be listed, it is enough to mention the help of the expedition of N.N. Miklukha-Maclay, numerous scholarships, donations for the needs of the poor. In recent years, Pavel Mikhailovich was often unwell. He was also very worried about the illness of his wife, who was stricken with paralysis. In November 1898, Tretyakov went on business to St. Petersburg, returning to Moscow, he felt ill. On December 4, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov died.
Gallery history. State Tretyakov Gallery
MONUMENT TO P.M.TRETYAKOV
Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov (1832-1898) was buried at the Danilovsky cemetery next to his parents and brother Sergei, who died in 1892; in 1948 his remains were transferred to the Serafimovskoye cemetery (Novodevichy Convent). Tombstone by sculptor I. Orlov, designed by artist I. Ostroukhov (granite, bronze).
After 1917, a monument-bust to V.I. Lenin was placed on a rectangular pedestal in front of the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery. Some time later, in 1939, a monument was erected on this site, a sculptural image of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Sculpture S.D. Merkulova 3.5 meters high, depicting Stalin in full growth, made in red granite. After dismantling, it is preserved in the State Tretyakov Gallery, has a high degree of preservation and is located in the courtyard of the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery (leaned against the wall). On April 29, 1980, on the site of the removed monument to Stalin, a monument was finally erected to the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery, Pavel Tretyakov, a sculpture that still exists today. This is a four-meter granite statue, designed by sculptor A.P. Kibalnikov and architect I.E. Rozhin.
THE POST-DEATH JOURNEY OF THE TRETYAKOVS
The Danilovskoye cemetery used to be famous for its special “third estate” flavor, however, it has not been completely lost to this day. The Moscow historian A.T. Saladin stated in 1916: “The Danilovskoye cemetery can be safely called a merchant cemetery, and it could not be otherwise, being close to the merchant Zamoskvorechye. Perhaps, no other Moscow cemetery has such an abundance of merchant monuments as this one.” A lot has changed since then. You can’t find here now the graves of the famous Moscow merchants Solodovnikovs, Golofteevs, Lepeshkins ...
Perhaps the most famous merchant burial of the Danilovsky cemetery, and perhaps the whole of Moscow, was the site of Tretyakov Pavel Mikhailovich, Sergei Mikhailovich and their parents. A. T. Saladin left the following description: “On the grave of Sergei Mikhailovich there is a black marble, rather high, but completely simple monument with the inscription: “Sergei Mikhailovich TRETYAKOV was born on January 19, 1834. He died on July 25, 1892.” The monument to Pavel Mikhailovich is a few steps away, under a protective wire grill, it is almost the same, but in a slightly more refined treatment. Caption: “Pavel Mikhailovich TRETYAKOV 15 Dec. 1832 d. Dec 4 1898". However, today all this is not at the Danilovsky cemetery. On January 10, 1948, the remains of both brothers, as well as the wife of P. M. Tretyakov, Vera Nikolaevna, were transferred to the Novodevichy cemetery.
Formally, the reburial was carried out on the initiative of the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. Chairman of the Committee M. B. Khrapchenko, in a letter to the manager of the funeral home trust under the Moscow City Council, motivated his initiative as follows: are falling into disrepair. (...) Taking into account the petition of the Directorate of the State Tretyakov Gallery, as well as the request of the next of kin of the founders of the Gallery, the Committee for Arts under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, for its part, petitions for the transfer of the remains of Pavel Mikhailovich, Vera Nikolaevna and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov, as well as their artistic gravestones from the cemetery Danilovsky Monastery at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent, where the most prominent figures of Russian culture and art are buried.
That the chairman of the commissariat confused the cemeteries of the Danilovsky Monastery and Danilovsky is not so strange - they are still confused, although the first has not existed for more than seventy years. The justification for the need to move the graves sounds strange: in the old place, de they "fall into extreme decline." However, graves that are taken care of will never “fall into decay”, but if they are abandoned, the decline is guaranteed, even if they are at the very Kremlin wall. The urn with the ashes of Mayakovsky stood in the then best in the country columbarium of the Donskoy cemetery and could not “fall into decay” in any way - nevertheless, it was transferred to Novodevichy anyway.
The underlying reason for all these reburials was, of course, completely different, and, judging by Khrapchenko’s letter, the authorities did not really want to reveal it: a campaign was unfolding in Moscow to collect and concentrate the remains of famous personalities in the Novodevichy pantheon. Moreover, reburials were made not only from cemeteries subject to liquidation, but in general from everywhere, except, perhaps, the Vagankovsky cemetery - traditionally the second largest after Novodevichy.
Some sources (for example, the encyclopedia "Moscow") indicate that Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov still rests at the Danilovsky cemetery. This is wrong. In the archive of the Tretyakov Gallery there is an “Act on the reburial of the remains of P. M. Tretyakov, V. N. Tretyakov and S. M. Tretyakov from the Danilovsky cemetery at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent dated January 11, 1948.” In addition to the act and other papers, there are several photographs in the archive: some show the moment of exhumation, others were already taken at the Novodevichy cemetery at the edge of a freshly dug grave. The photographs leave no room for doubt.
But here's what is curious: in the archives of the neighboring Danilovsky Monastery, among the cards for those buried here, there is also a card of Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. It turns out that the Danilovsky monastery churchyard also claims to be the place of his burial? Of course not. Having the evidence of A. T. Saladin and the above-mentioned Act, this version can be safely discarded, but making the most interesting conclusion: since Sergei Mikhailovich was not buried in the monastery, but the documents were nevertheless “brought to him” there, obviously, the Danilovskoye cemetery was a kind of a branch of the monastery - maybe not always, but for some time.
At the Danilovsky cemetery, the grave of the parents of famous patrons has been preserved. Rather, their monument. To the left of the main path, almost immediately behind the memorial to those who died in the Great Patriotic War, surrounded by extremely rusted fragments of a forged fence, there is a strong, slightly lopsided obelisk, reminiscent of a Russian stove, with the inscription:
Mikhail Zakharovich Tretyakov
Moscow merchant
died 1850 December 2 days.
His life was 49 years, 1 m. and 6 days.
Alexandra Daniilovna Tretyakova
was born in 1812.
died February 7, 1899."
Whether someone's remains lie under the obelisk today - we do not know for sure. It would seem, who could have thought of disturbing the bones of the older Tretyakovs? Ah, apparently it could. The transfer of the founders of the largest art gallery to the elite cemetery is somehow still understandable, but here’s what else their admirers came up with: according to the “guarantee letter” stored in the Tretyakov Gallery archive, Mytishchi Sculpture Factory No. 3 was obliged to produce at the Danilovsky cemetery: “a) Removal of ashes Tretyakov P. M. and his burial at the Novo-Devichy cemetery, b) The removal of the ashes of Tretyakov M. Z. and burial in the grave instead of the ashes of Tretyakov P. M., c) The movement of the monument to Tretyakov M. Z. to the place of the monument to Tretyakov P. M."
The Tretyakovs got it! Both older and younger. By the way, for some reason, not a word is said about Alexandra Daniilovna in the “guarantee letter”. The father, it turns out, was reburied in the place of the son (if they were reburied), but the mother was not? Mystery. So it turns out that it is impossible to say for sure whether the old Tretyakovs are now buried under their “nominal” tombstone.
In the depths of the Danilovsky cemetery, at the very apse of the St. Nicholas Church-chapel, there is a barely noticeable monument - a low column of pink granite. There are buried brothers and sisters of Pavel Mikhailovich and Sergei Mikhailovich, who died almost simultaneously in infancy in 1848 during an epidemic of scarlet fever - Daniil, Nikolai, Mikhail and Alexandra. This is the only grave of the Tretyakov family, which no one has ever encroached on.
