Nefe K. G.
(Neefe) Christian Gottlob (5 II 1748, Chemnitz, now Karl-Marx-Stadt - 26 I 1798, Dessau) - German. composer, conductor, organist and musician. writer. Studied law in Leipzig (1769-71). Muses. education received at hand. composer and theorist I. A. Hiller. In 1776-84 and in 1789-94 he worked as a music director of the theater. troupes in Saxony, the Rhine-Main region, in the Bonn electoral Nat. t-re (acting as a composer, conductor, director, accompanist on cembalo). Theater. the troupes were short-lived and disintegrated, H. was forced to live in constant need and in search of work, only the post of music director of the theater. troupe in Dessau (1796) improved his financial situation. He served from 1780 in Bonn (adv. organist and performer on cembalo); here he taught L. Beethoven to play the piano, organ, and composition. N. was the first to appreciate the talent of Beethoven and helped him in his development; Peru N. belong to the first published notes on Beethoven (1783). Author of singspiel, operas and operettas, pieces for piano, wok. production, trans. On him. lang. opera librettos (from French and Italian), clavier transcriptions. scores of operas by W. A. Mozart. In the music N.'s legacy is of greatest interest to his singshpils, which were successfully performed during the composer's lifetime, among them "Pharmacy" ("Die Apotheke", Berlin, 1771), "Amor's Rayok" ("Amors Guckkasten", Königsberg, 1772), opera "Adelheid von Weltheim" (Frankfurt am Main, 1780), monodrama "Sofonisba" (Leipzig, 1782). N. also belong to a number of Op. for orchestra, wok. works, including Klopstock's odes with melodies (1776), "Guide for lovers of singing and piano" ("Vademecum für Liebhaber des Gesangs und Klaviers", 1780), numerous. songs, instr. op. (including 6 piano sonatas with violin accompaniment - 1776), concerto for piano. with orchestra (1782), fantasy for cembalo (1797), etc. He defended the ideas of the Enlightenment. Wrote an autobiography published shortly after his death by F. Rochlitz ("Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung", I, Lpz., 1798-99), then published in the book: Einstein A., "Lebensläufe deutscher Musiker", Bd 2, Lpz., 1915; "Beiträge zur rheinischen Musikgeschichte", Bd 21, Köln, 1957.
Literature: Leux I., Chr. G. Neefe, Lpz., 1925; Schieldermair L., Der Junge Beethoven, Bonn, 1951; Friedländer M., Das deutsche Lied im 18. Jahrhundert, Bd 1-2, Stuttg., 1902. O. T. Leontieva.
Musical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet encyclopedia, Soviet composer. Ed. Yu. V. Keldysha. 1973-1982 .
See what "Nefe K. G." in other dictionaries:
Own, see Methodius ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Fasmer
Nefe K. G.- NÉFE (Neefe) Christian Gottlob (17491798), German. composer, organist, bandmaster. From 1780 court musician in Bonn. Operas, singshpils (including Apteka, 1771, Rayok Amur, 1772), orchestra, chamber instr., wok. (Odes of Klopstock with melodies, ... ... Biographical Dictionary
Christian Gottlob Nefe Basic information ... Wikipedia
- (17491798), German composer, organist, bandmaster. From 1780 court musician in Bonn. Operas, singspiel (including "Apteka", 1771, "Amur's Rayok", 1772), orchestral, chamber instrumental, vocal ("Klopstock's Odes with Melodies", ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
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- (Beethoven) Ludwig van (16 XII (?), baptized 17 XII 1770, Bonn 26 III 1827, Vienna) German. composer, pianist and conductor. The son of a chorister and grandson of the bandmaster of the Bonn court. choir, B. joined the music at an early age. Muses. activities (game ... ... Music Encyclopedia
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Books
- Palatine Chapel. Nave mosaics. Palermo. Album, Anna Zakharova. The construction and decoration of the Palatine Chapel in the palace of the Norman kings in Palermo was begun under Roger II (1130-1154) and completed under his son William I (1154-1166). This monument is…
February 05, 1748 - January 26, 1798
German composer, conductor, organist and esthetician
Biography
Nefe was born on 5 February 1748 in Chemnitz. He studied music in Leipzig under the guidance of I. A. Hiller. There he studied law in 1769-1771. Since 1776, he was the conductor of the Zeyler Opera Company, and together with the troupe made trips to a number of German cities. He was also a conductor of theater troupes in Saxony, the Rhine-Main region, the Bonn Electoral National Theater and around 1780 in the Grossmann troupe in Bonn. However, everywhere the work did not bring him much money, and he had to live in need.
In 1796 Nefe settled in Dessau, where he became musical director of a theater company. Here his financial condition improved a little. In Bonn, Nefe was the teacher of Ludwig van Beethoven (taught piano, organ and composition). Nefe appreciated Beethoven's talent and played an important role in his further musical development. He was the first to inform about Beethoven in writing (1783).
Nefe died in 1798 in Dessau. Shortly after his death, F. Rochlitz published his autobiography (Leipzig, 1798-1799).
Creation
Nefe actively defended the ideas of enlightenment. Of Nefe's works, the most famous are the singshpils, including "Pharmacy" (Berlin, 1771), "Amor's Rayok" (Königsberg, 1772) and others. He composed operas (for example, "Adelheid von Weltheim", Frankfurt am Main, 1780) , operettas, vocal works (Klopstock's odes with melodies, 1776; Guide for Lovers of Singing and Piano, 1780), pieces for piano.
Nefe also owns the monodrama Sofonisba (Leipzig, 1782), the concerto for piano and orchestra (1782), the fantasy for cembalo (1797), 6 piano sonatas with violin accompaniment (1776), etc.
He translated opera librettos from French and Italian into German. Nefe wrote clavier transcriptions of opera scores
To the question People, please tell me the biography of L. Beethoven, given by the author throw the best answer is link
Answer from Denis Tolmachev[newbie]
BEETHOVEN (Beethoven) Ludwig van (baptized December 17, 1770, Bonn - March 26, 1827, Vienna), German composer, representative of the Viennese classical school. Created a heroic-dramatic type of symphony (3rd "Heroic", 1804, 5th, 1808, 9th, 1823, symphonies; opera "Fidelio", final version 1814; overtures "Coriolan", 1807, "Egmont", 1810; a number of instrumental ensembles, sonatas, concertos). The complete deafness that befell Beethoven in the middle of his career did not break his will. Later writings are distinguished by a philosophical character. 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano and orchestra; 16 string quartets and other ensembles; instrumental sonatas, including 32 for pianoforte (among them the so-called Pathetic, 1798, Lunar, 1801, Appassionata, 1805), 10 for violin and piano; "Solemn Mass" (1823).
Early work
Beethoven's home
Beethoven received his primary musical education under the guidance of his father, a chorister in the court chapel of the Elector of Cologne in Bonn. From 1780 he studied with the court organist K. G. Nefe. In less than 12 years, Beethoven successfully replaced Nefe; at the same time his first publication was published (12 variations for the clavier on the march of E. K. Dressler). In 1787, Beethoven visited W. A. Mozart in Vienna, who highly appreciated his skill as a pianist-improviser. Beethoven's first stay in the then musical capital of Europe was short-lived (having learned that his mother was dying, he returned to Bonn).
In 1789 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Bonn, but did not study there for long. In 1792, Beethoven finally moved to Vienna, where he first improved his composition with J. Haydn (with whom he did not have a relationship), then with J. B. Shenk, J. G. Albrechtsberger and A. Salieri. Until 1794, he enjoyed the financial support of the elector, after which he found rich patrons among the Viennese aristocracy.
Beethoven soon became one of the most fashionable salon pianists in Vienna. Beethoven's public debut as a pianist took place in 1795. His first major publications are dated the same year: three piano trios Op. 1 and three piano sonatas Op. 2. According to contemporaries, in Beethoven's playing, stormy temperament and virtuoso brilliance were combined with a richness of imagination and depth of feeling. Not surprisingly, his most profound and original works of this period are for the piano.
Literature of the Pathetic Sonata
Until 1802, Beethoven created 20 piano sonatas, including "Pathétique" (1798) and the so-called "Moonlight" (No. 2 of the two "fantasy sonatas" Op. 27, 1801). In a number of sonatas, Beethoven overcomes the classical three-part scheme, placing an additional part between the slow movement and the finale - a minuet or a scherzo, thereby likening the sonata cycle to a symphonic one. Between 1795 and 1802 the first three piano concertos, the first two symphonies (1800 and 1802), 6 string quartets (Op. 18, 1800), eight sonatas for violin and piano (including the Spring Sonata Op. 24, 1801), 2 sonatas for cello and piano, Op. 5 (1796), Septet for oboe, horn, bassoon and strings Op. 20 (1800), many other chamber ensemble compositions. Beethoven's only ballet The Works of Prometheus (1801) belongs to the same period, one of the themes of which was later used in the finale of the Eroica Symphony and in the monumental piano cycle of 15 variations with fugue (1806). From a young age, Beethoven amazed and delighted his contemporaries with the scale of his ideas, the inexhaustible inventiveness of their implementation and the tireless desire for something new.
heroic beginning
Miniature
At the end of the 1790s. Beethoven began to develop deafness; not later than 1801, he realized that this disease was progressing and threatened with complete hearing loss. In October 1802, while in the village of Heiligenstadt near Vienna, Beethoven sent his two brothers an extremely pessimistic document known as the Heiligenstadt Testament. Soon, however, he managed to overcome the spiritual crisis and returned to creativity. New - so-called middle - period
Answer from Irina Pravdina[guru]
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in December 1770 in Bonn to a musician's family. His father was a singer in the court chapel, and his grandfather served as bandmaster there. The grandfather of the future composer was from Holland, hence the prefix "van" in front of Beethoven's surname. Ludwig's father was a gifted musician, but a frivolous person and also a drinker. He wanted to make a second Mozart out of his son and began to teach him to play the harpsichord and violin. However, he soon cooled off for classes and entrusted the boy to his friends. One taught Ludwig to play the organ, the other - the violin and flute.
In 1780, the organist and composer Christian Gottlieb Nefe arrived in Bonn. He became a real teacher of Beethoven. Nefe immediately realized that the boy had talent. He introduced Ludwig to Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier and the works of Handel, as well as to the music of older contemporaries: F. E. Bach, Haydn and Mozart. Thanks to Nefe, Beethoven's first composition, Variations on a Theme of Dressler's March, was also published. Beethoven was twelve years old at the time and was already working as an assistant court organist.
After the death of his grandfather, the financial situation of the family worsened, his father drank and brought almost no money home. Ludwig had to leave school early, but he wanted to supplement his education: he learned Latin, studied Italian and French, and read a lot. Having already become an adult, the composer admitted in one of his letters: “There is no work that would be too learned for me; without claiming in the slightest degree to be scholarly in the true sense of the word, I have nevertheless striven since childhood to understand the essence of the best and wisest people of every era.
Among Beethoven's favorite writers are the ancient Greek authors Homer and Plutarch, the English playwright Shakespeare, the German poets Goethe and Schiller.
At this time, Beethoven began composing music, but was in no hurry to publish his works. Much of what he wrote in Bonn was later revised by him. From the composer's youthful works, two children's sonatas and several songs are known, including The Marmot.
In 1787 Beethoven visited Vienna. After listening to Beethoven's improvisation, Mozart exclaimed: "He will make everyone talk about himself!", But the classes never took place: Beethoven found out about his mother's illness and returned to Bonn. His mother died on July 17, 1787. The seventeen-year-old boy was forced to become the head of the family and take care of his younger brothers. He joined the orchestra as a violist. Italian, French and German operas are staged here. The operas of Gluck and Mozart make a particularly strong impression on the young man.
In 1789, Beethoven, wishing to continue his education, began attending lectures at the university. Just at this time news of the revolution in France comes to Bonn. One of the university professors publishes a collection of poems glorifying the revolution. Beethoven subscribes to it. Then he composes "The Song of a Free Man", which contains the words: "Free is the one for whom the advantages of birth and title mean nothing."
Haydn stopped on his way from England to Bonn. He spoke with approval of Beethoven's composing experiments. The young man decides to go to Vienna to take lessons from the famous composer, because after returning from England, Haydn becomes even more famous. In the autumn of 1792, Beethoven leaves Bonn.
