How to learn to draw eyes, draw a realistic eye. How to draw glass: how to make a glass vase

Most art schools and drawing courses teach you how to draw shadows first. Constructing and drawing such primitive figures as a cylinder, ball, cone, cube is a rather tedious and uninteresting task. However, it is tasks like this that are the first step to understanding the shape and volume of a geometric shape, as well as to the ability to depict its dark and light sides - that is, to the ability to draw shadows with a pencil step by step. In future artistic practice, the ability to correctly feel the dark and light sides will be a good help in any drawing.

If you want to make the sketch visual and realistic, you need to give it volume. In this article we will tell you how to draw shadows with a pencil correctly.

Light and shadow

Drawings should be realistic and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly combine light and shadow in them. This will give the drawings contrast, depth and a sense of movement. shadows to make the drawings look more lively, attractive and interesting?

A little theory

Have you ever thought about what allows us to see the shape of objects? Let's reveal a secret: this is a collision of light and shadow. If we place an object on a table in a room without windows and turn off the light, we will not see any form. If we illuminate an object with a very bright lamp or spotlight, then again we will not see its shape. It can only be seen by light that collides with shadow.

Neither light nor shadow falls on objects at random. There are certain patterns. They allow us to guess how the light will be located on the object, on its forms, and where the shadow will begin. And the person who draws needs to know these patterns.

Elements of chiaroscuro

In drawing, the following elements of chiaroscuro are distinguished: highlight, light, penumbra, own shadow, reflex and falling shadow. Let's consider each of them in order.

Glare called a spot of light that is located on a convex or flat glossy surface and is obtained due to the strong illumination of the object.

Light- These are the surfaces of an object that are brightly lit.

Penumbra called a faint shadow. It occurs if an object is illuminated not by one, but by several light sources. In addition, it forms on surfaces that face the light source at a slight angle.

Shadow- These are those parts of the subject that are poorly lit. A falling shadow is one that an object casts on the plane on which it stands. And his own - the one that is on the unlit side of it.

Reflex is called a weak light spot, which is located in the region of the shadow. It is formed by rays that are reflected from other objects nearby.

The depiction of these light gradations allows the artist to visually depict the shape of an object on a sheet of paper, convey its volume and degree of illumination.

Do these rules work for computer graphics?

Yes. Computer graphics is the same drawing. Therefore, how to draw shadows in SAI or Photoshop is no different from drawing them on paper. All the theory and all the rules that work for an image on canvas or paper are also valid for a computer.

Step 1: Selecting the Right Materials

How to draw shadows with a pencil? First of all, you need to choose the right pencil. Of course, you can paint shadows with charcoal, sanguine, gouache, and acrylic. But at first it is better to limit yourself to a pencil.

For shadows, special drawing pencils are used. They are sold in sets. A budget option can be found at any office supply store. There is also special paper for drawing: it is better to choose thicker and stiffer paper.

There are many types of drawing pencils. There are ones with a soft (M, 2M, 3M, ..., 8M, 9M) lead, and there are ones with a hard one (T, 2T, 3T, ..., 8T, 9T). In sets from foreign manufacturers, M is replaced by B, and T by H.

To depict shadows, a set of 3T, 2T, T, TM, M, 2M and 3M will be enough for you. It is better to use hard pencils to depict light, and soft ones to depict shadows. This way the drawing will look more natural and will be easier to draw.

Let's talk about paper. Too smooth sheets, like the ones we print on, are not suitable for drawing. Don't use paper that is too hard. It will be difficult to draw shadows on it. It is best to use special drawing sheets, which are sold in a folder at office supply stores. How to draw shadows correctly? First of all, purchase the right materials.

Step Two: Linear Sketch

How to draw shadows in a drawing? First of all, make a line sketch of what you want to draw. It is advisable to do this from life, but you can also use a photograph of the object. The most important thing is that the object you choose is motionless. In this case, you will have a lot of time to sketch it.

Take a close look at your home environment. You can draw flowers, watches, kitchen utensils, and items of clothing. All of these are excellent subjects for sketching.

If you use a photograph, it is better to print it in black and white. This way you will be able to more accurately depict the outline and shadows.

Step 3: Achromatic Colors

How to draw shadows? When working with a pencil, all of them start with white and end with black, with several shades of gray in the middle.

How to create an achromatic scale? Draw a rectangle: this can be done on a separate sheet of paper or in the corner of your drawing. Divide this rectangle into five equal parts (you can do more, but 5 will be enough to start with), then number them.

The very first square will be white, and the last one will be black. The parts between them need to be painted over with three different shades of gray, dividing them by tone. As a result, you will have something like your pencil's palette: the first rectangle is white, the second is light gray, the third is medium gray, the fourth is dark gray and the last is the darkest tone the pencil can produce.

Step 4: Shadow Theory

How to draw shadows? To do this, it is necessary to understand their nature.

Find the main light source. Observe that the lightest are often closest to the light, the darkest are farther away, and the shadows fall opposite it. Particular attention should be paid to reflections, as they can be the brightest place of the object chosen for drawing.

Step 5: Choosing a Hatching Method

How to draw shadows? Using shading. It is placed on top

Choose the way you will hatch the sketch, depending on the object itself, the light source and There are many types of shadow hatching, and the most popular ones are straight, circular and cross.

A straight line is drawing many parallel lines as close to each other as possible. This method is great for objects without texture and for drawing hair.

For circular shading, you need to draw many small circles. This shading can be used to create interesting texture by scattering circles and adding lines to them. In addition, you can more clearly show the density of the object you are depicting by placing the circles close to each other.

Shading objects by drawing intersecting lines is cross hatching. This method is great for adding depth to a drawing.

Step 6: pen test

Try making shadows. Since your drawing is still at the initial stage, you should not make them too dark. This way you can easily erase them if necessary. Draw, gradually filling in the places that are needed, and leaving the lightest places white.

As you paint, compare your work to the subject or a photograph of it to make sure you're putting the shadows in the right place.

Step 7: Patience and step by step work

Add shadows in several layers. They must be gradually darkened, layer by layer. There should be a noticeable contrast between dark and light areas. Do not forget to use an achromatic scale: the drawing should not be in the same gray tones.

There's no need to rush. The process of shading shadows is similar to developing black and white film: it must happen gradually. Patience is your key to success and beautiful drawings.

The more you deepen the shadows in the drawing, the less noticeable its contours will become. And this is correct, because in real life almost nothing has a black outline. The same should be reflected in your drawing.

Step 8: Shading the Shadows

Now blend the shadows in your drawing. It is necessary to make them more realistic and smooth. You need to control the pressure so that it is not too strong and too weak. Blend until you are satisfied with the result.

If you don't have shading, you can use a small piece of paper. An eraser will help you highlight those places that you accidentally covered up. This could be a highlight, or a contour that is not completely hidden under the shading layer.

The main thing is to remember that most people who draw, including the most famous artists, made mistakes at the initial stage of their creative path.

• You can place a clean sheet of printing paper between your hand and the paper you are drawing on to avoid stains on your drawing.
• To avoid dirtying the sketch and correcting mistakes, it is better to use a vinyl eraser. Erasers made from this material do not damage paper and erase pencil marks well.
• Don't use your finger to blend the shading.
• To make the difference between light and shadow more noticeable, you need to use good lighting.
• It is better to hold the pencil at a smaller angle to the plane of the paper so that you can draw with the side of the lead rather than its tip. This will make the shadows more natural.

Part 1

Learn to draw the human figure. If you want to learn how to draw people, you need to learn how to draw their bodies realistically. Cartoons give a rather distorted idea of ​​what the human body should look like, but with experience you will learn how to do it correctly! Look for articles about this on wikiHow.

Learn to draw facial details. Human faces are one of the most difficult elements to draw. How wide should your eyes be? How to make them realistic so that they don't look like a cartoon? By studying the human face in real life, and applying the techniques shown in the wikiHow articles on the topic, you will learn how to draw human faces in truly realistic ways.

Learn to draw landscapes. Are you going on a trip and want to capture the beautiful views of your trip in a drawing? Or do you just want to draw a picture of the place where you live? Whatever the reason, you can easily master landscape painting with a few simple tricks. You can also learn this - like all the elements listed here - from wikiHow articles

Learn to draw animals. It is possible that you would rather draw animals. This activity will bring you a lot of fun, and drawing animals is not as difficult as it seems! With some training and some useful tips, now you can draw animals too.

Learn to draw cars. You can also draw cars and other mechanisms. It's fun and quite popular! Try drawing the car of your dreams today!

Learn to draw shadow and light. Shadow and highlights are what give your drawings depth and realism. Learn to add shadows and highlights in the right places in the picture, so the image will look three-dimensional and even tangible.

Learn to use perspective. Perspective (the way the size of an object changes as it moves away from us) is another element of a drawing that makes it appear realistic. This may seem overly complicated, but it's actually very simple. Just give it a try by checking out the related wikiHow articles!

Part 2

Draw from life

Part 3

Creating a Sketch

1. Before you start drawing, make a sketch. Before you start drawing, create a few sketches of what you want to end up with. This will make your final drawings look better as it allows you to explore composition and detail (it's also a good "test run").

   Draw a miniature sketch. You can start with a thumbnail sketch (or just a small image), whose task is only to convey the basic shapes of the drawing. This is a great way to decide on the overall plan of a drawing (in the fine arts this is usually called “composition”).

   Draw a detailed sketch. Once you have decided on the composition, you can move on to a more detailed sketch. This will also help you get used to creating the correct shapes for your objects, and will also be another practical test of your intended design. If you are having a lot of difficulty at this stage, it will be a clear sign that you should choose an easier pose or figure.

   Find simple shapes. When sketching, try to see the simple shapes that make up the object you are drawing. Everything that exists in the world consists of one or more forms. The nose, for example, is a complex pyramid, while the trees are a series of cones and circles. Finding simple shapes will help give dimension to your drawing and help you draw it correctly.

   Repeat the drawing. Make a copy by drawing it over the sketch. A wise technique is to draw the final drawing on top of the sketch, leaving it simple or making it detailed (depending on how you want it). This will give you the opportunity to adjust the shapes and outlines, and will serve as a guide as you draw the final drawing.

Part 4

Make your drawing more complex

To begin, draw the entire silhouette (outline) of the object. Do this correctly, and it will immediately become easier for you to figure out what should be where. More often than not, it is much easier to draw negative space around an object than it is to draw the boundaries of the object itself.

Draw what you see, not what you see think what you see. One of the main components of realistic drawing is the certainty of the fact that you are drawing exactly what you see, and not what you think you see. Our brains tend to generalize images, and by recreating what it tried to miss and paying attention to it, you will not only learn to draw more realistic drawings, but you will also learn a lot in the process.

• There is a clever way to prevent yourself from drawing what your brain came up with: take a picture from a magazine, turn it upside down and copy it. This technique will trick your brain into thinking it's seeing something new rather than something it's already familiar with. This way, you will draw exactly what you really see, and not the general shapes that you are used to seeing behind real objects.
• Pay attention to specific details such as ears, noses, tree leaves and shirt collars. These are precisely the things that we tend to generalize in our perception and ignore their details. If you want realistic drawings, you must not forget to draw the details that make them unique. Parts of the face such as the ears vary significantly from one person to another.

1. Use perspective. Perspective, or how objects change size in proportion to their distance from you, is a very important consideration if you want to draw things realistically. When creating a realistic landscape painting, for example, you need to depict more distant trees smaller and less detailed, even if in reality they are taller than trees closer to you. This way you will repeat the way our eyes perceive objects, making the drawing more realistic.

   • Depicting perspective begins with finding the horizon line. Whatever you look at in real life, you will see the place where the physical earth visually meets the sky. This is the horizon line. You need to figure out where this place will be in your drawing and lightly mark it with a ruler.
   • Draw the vanishing point. You may see one, two or three vanishing points. One point is the easiest to draw, two points are more common. Three dots are difficult to draw, so wait until you get comfortable with the perspective. The method of constructing perspective with two vanishing points is described below.
   • Draw this one or two dots somewhere on the horizon line. This will be the direction (or directions) in which objects will shrink and disappear. These points may be on the paper, or they may extend far beyond it and be marked somewhere on the surface of the table on which you are drawing. With two point perspective, you need to place one point on either side of the object you are trying to depict.
   • Draw the center line of the object, and then use a ruler to draw lines from the lower and upper points of the object towards the vanishing point (point of perspective).
   • Determine how far the object extends, and then draw some vertical lines between the corner fade lines, beginning to create a cube that contains your object.
   • Close the cube by drawing a line from the back line on one side to the perspective point on the opposite side. This will help you understand which parts of your object should be visible and from what angle.

2. Pay attention to the proportions. Proportion is the ratio of the sizes of different objects to each other. Proportion is especially important when depicting people; without it, your drawings will not look realistic. Most human faces, for example, can be described by mathematical formulas that construct facial and body features. If you make a mistake in proportions when creating a drawing, the image will resemble a cartoon or turn out strange.

   • For example, a person's height is 5-7 times the height of his head. The distance between the eyes is equal to the length of one eye. The lip line usually points towards the corner of the jaw. Between the elbow and wrist is approximately 30 cm. Many similar measurements and ratios are known. It may take some time to get the hang of it, but it is a fun and rewarding process.

Part 5

Master highlights and shadows

1. Decide on your light source. Shadows and highlights are what will make your drawings so realistic that they will resemble photographs. The more detailed and accurate you depict light and shadow, the more realistic your drawing will be. However, before placing highlights and shadows in your drawing, you need to decide on the position of the light source in your drawing.

   • The light source can be, for example, a lamp or a window. In the case of a street pattern, it could simply be the sun. A ray of light will travel in a straight line from this source and hit the objects you are drawing.

2. Place a shadow. Places hidden from the line of light will be in shadow. The further the object is from the source of the set, the darker and denser its shadow will be. Having decided on the location of the light source, you need to decide where the darkest shadow will be and darken this place, thus beginning to introduce shadows into the drawing. Shadow gives the drawing depth and shape.

   • The next step is to apply the penumbra. These are areas that are only partially in shadow and are not as dark as the deepest shadow of your drawing. Continue to complicate your drawing in this way until it has three to six levels of shadow and penumbra.
   • When, in general, all the shadows have been applied, make them more uniform (shade) by rubbing them with your finger or with a feather brush (a special artistic tool). This way your shadow will be smooth, with a smooth transition. Leave sharp shadows (if there are any in your drawing) from objects such as the table and other solid objects.
   • Hatching (retouching) and various line options. If you're working in ink and don't want to use gradient shadows, you can add depth and shape with neat lines and textures. Therefore, you outline the place where the shadow should be with a thicker outline (for example, the indentation on the top of the apple, or the place below the back of the head where the ear connects to the neck). Use lines to outline the shape of the object; use lines that overlap each other in different directions to create the appearance of a shadow.
   • For visual examples, you can turn to etchings and engravings (or simply look for examples of retouching) and get acquainted with the best works of art in this direction. This technique in painting is very difficult and requires practice. And at the same time, it is universal.

3. Place highlights on the drawing. Once you have placed all the shadows, add highlights to your drawing in places where the light directly hits the objects. This can be done with an eraser, white chalk or similar material.

   • For example, if the face is lit from the front, the highlight will be above the eyebrows, along the line of the nose, on the bulges of the cheeks and on the chin, since these are the parts of the face that stand out the most.

Part 6

Choose the right tools

1. Use pencils. The most common tools for painting in this style are a pencil. Pencils allow you to easily apply shadows and leave a blank sheet (or clean it with an eraser) for highlights. It's very easy to create multiple layers with pencils, giving you a lot of control over the drawing you create. Plus, they mix relatively well with each other.

   • Pencils come in different hardnesses (this is determined by more or less graphite content). The harder the pencil, the lighter it draws. Use different pencils depending on how light or dark the line you want. Hard pencils are marked “H”, soft pencils are marked “B”. The higher the number next to the letter, the stronger the degree of hardness or softness. For example, a standard pencil has an average “HB” rating.

2. Use pens. You can also use pens to create realistic images. This is achieved through very precise lines and proportions, creating the correct shading, using lines of varying thickness and saturation, in conjunction with the etching technique of drawing shadows. You can use any pen for this, but you will get better results with a fountain pen or brush pen as they provide the best control over the width of the line.

3. Use coal. You can also use charcoal to create realistic images. Charcoal is perhaps the simplest artistic medium for creating shadows and highlights, integral elements of a realistic drawing. Charcoal is easy to blend and smudge, which has benefits but also poses challenges.

   • Artistic charcoal is sold in a variety of shapes and sizes. Willow and vine charcoal are great for creating medium-sized features, while charcoal pencil is great for creating small details.

4. Use appropriate paper. Depending on what you will be drawing with, you will need the appropriate type of paper. Charcoal in particular requires paper made specifically for charcoal drawing (this is heavy, textured paper that gives the charcoal a surface to grip onto). It is better to work with a pencil on smooth rag paper, since it will be easier for you to shade the drawing.

   • Whenever possible, purchase archival acid-free paper. This will protect your work from yellowing and other unpleasant consequences of time.
• Drawing realistic hair and skin is one of the most difficult skills to master. When drawing hair, draw it in the form of strands, because this is how it grows. Each curl should have shadow and highlights. This way you can draw hair really realistically. Don't forget to pay attention to skin imperfections. Freckles, blemishes, scars and wrinkles are what make painted skin look real and not plastic.
• Draw as often as possible. Keep a sketchbook with you and draw whenever you get the chance. Draw people around you while traveling on a bus or train. You can draw things around you while you are having lunch or watching TV. Practice will speed up your skill growth.
• When drawing fine details such as eyelashes or wrinkles, use a fine-tip mechanical pencil. This will make it easier for you to depict them more realistically. The correct thickness of such a rod should be no more than 0.5 mm, or even less.
• Periodically turn over the piece of paper with the drawing or look at it in the mirror. This will allow you to see unevenness in the image. A common mistake is to draw one eye higher or larger than the other. The lines of the cheekbones are also often different. Flipping the drawing is a useful way to eliminate such problems, and is most effective during the sketching stage.
• Have fun with the drawing process!
• Mechanical pencils are a beautiful tool, they are thin enough, and they are comfortable to draw with.
• Remember to ask the person you are drawing from to remain still.
• When sketching, do not put pressure on the tool.

I bring to your attention a short and informative lesson that will help you in the future to draw and paint glass objects. Today we will begin to understand what is so special you need to know when you draw, for example, a glass or a glass vase. How to fill this vase with water, and then with flower stems.

You will learn the simplest rules for depicting glass from this article and a short video clip. Perhaps after viewing you will be able to use the paints, pastels or pencils you have on hand to depict a vase with your favorite flowers.

Such a painting or drawing will bring you great pleasure and will be quite appropriate as a gift for March 8th :).

So let's start to figure it out:

Glass color

Naturally, glass comes in a variety of colors and shades, but we will start with transparent and colorless glass so as not to get confused.

Glass is transparent, which means it takes on the color of its surroundings.

If the glass is on a blue background, then the substrate will be blue in any of the techniques (oil, acrylic, pencil, gouache). And to be more precise, probably a darker color than the background, than the color of the environment.

How to draw bright carnations

Examples of glass color in paintings

Blue vase on a blue background

The color of the glass is the same as the background color (Alexander Adriaenssen 17th century)

How to make an opaque vessel glass?

To put it simply, without delving into physics and discussions about high painting, there are a few simple things that need to be understood and used:

Determine where the light source is and set a highlight

Knowing where the light is coming from, we can determine where to place the highlight. We draw a conditional beam from the light source. In the place where the beam touches the glass, the brightest glare on the entire glass object is formed.

If the vessel has a convex or curved shape, the highlight may follow the shape of the vessel, or it will break up into several bright dots or features.

The highlight is on the dark side of the vessel - because here the light touched the object, but has not yet had time to dissipate.

Painting technique A la prima

Examples of glare in paintings

How to draw glass? Where to put a highlight?

Highlight on the right side of a glass vase

The highlight follows the shape of the vessel

Glare on a dark vase

Glare reflex

Since glass is transparent, light will pass through, scatter a little, and hit the opposite side of the glass object. If you conditionally extend this beam further and stop it on the other wall of the vessel, this is where the reflex will form.

A reflex, unlike a flare, will be a large bright spot of scattered light. The reflex should under no circumstances overshadow the highlight. The reflex is much lower in intensity than the glare, and many times larger in area.

Examples of glare in paintings

How to draw glass? Reflex

Reflex on a vase

Reflex, clearly visible

Reflexes of the external environment

If there are several colored objects around our glass, then they should be displayed in it to a greater or lesser extent. You can decide for yourself how bright the reflection to draw on the glass is.

If there are flowers with green stems in a vase, then surely these green stems will somehow be reflected in the thickness of the glass.

These reflexes are not as noticeable as on opaque objects.

Draw a beautiful swan

Examples of reflexes in the picture

Yellow, orange, greenish reflections on the glass surface

Glass has thickness and shape

This means that both glare and reflexes will follow this shape. They will also linger a little in this thickness.

It is worth considering that the bottom and curves of a glass object are usually thicker. This means that the shadow and light in such places will be more intense or "thick". If the glass is colored, then the intensity of its color will be greater at the bends and the bottom.

Examples in pictures

The thickness of the glass is a darker feature. Glare repeats the shape of a vase

Video tutorial on how to draw glass

Let's watch a short lesson and draw a glass vase together :)

How to draw a highlight on an object in Photoshop is always a pressing question. In order to draw a highlight correctly, you need to study the theory of the formation of light and shade in drawing, I will not discuss it, but will devote the lesson to the technical part - assuming that you have an idea where the highlight should be, but you don’t know what it should be and how It's better to draw it.

But before moving on to practice, a little theory.

What exactly is a glare? It can be conditionally said that glare is the brightest place where a light source is reflected from an object.
What it will be like depends on the material of the object itself: if it has a smooth polished surface from which light is reflected, the glare should be bright, its shape follows the contours of the object, and at sharper angles the light is reflected more strongly.
On less smooth surfaces, the glare is duller; rough surfaces scatter light. This must be remembered before applying the highlight.

The picture from the site render.ru quite clearly demonstrates the type of glare depending on the surface on which it falls.
(to view the picture in full size, click on it)

For glare to appear, the object must be brightly lit and direct rays must fall on it.

How to determine the glare area?

If you are drawing an image from scratch, you need to select a light source and determine the highlights from its location. If you are working with a picture and do not change the light source, select the lightest places in the original image and transfer it to yours.

BUT! Often you come across works that have glare superimposed on them that shouldn’t seem to be there (like glare on car tires). You look at this, you know that there shouldn’t be a glare, at least not this bright, but damn, it looks cool!

Here is the most important conclusion for you: rules exist to be broken, the main thing is not to overdo it.
Here is a selection of several types of highlights - some of them are drawn, some are real.

Let's move on to the technical part.

Always remember to blend highlights into the finished image.

1. Preparing the file for applying highlights

First, I carry out all the operations of retouching and composing the scene: I have a cut out photo of a glass bottle with a metal cap. I draw a reflection for the object (read how to do this in the lesson Drawing a reflection in Photoshop) and break the background into squares, supporting the corners on the bottle. There are highlights in the source material, but they seem inexpressive to me, so I need to accentuate them.

2. Determine the location of glare

As I said above, when drawing from the source, these are the lightest places in the image - they are marked as an area in the picture.

3. I focus light on the subject

I fill the marked areas with white, blur them a little with Gaussian, change the blending mode to “Vivid Light” and reduce the fill to 40-60%. The light areas became brighter, and a small glowing halo appeared around the light spots. I wash it in places where I don’t need the glow - these are the edges of the lid ring, in that place the light will flow along the ring itself.
Using a one-pixel hard brush on a new layer, I paint highlights along the edges of the object.

4. Glowing highlights

On a new layer, with a soft white brush, in the supposed places of the brightest highlights, I draw small dots (marked in red in the picture for clarity), add non-monochrome noise (Filter-Add Noise) and duplicate the layer (Ctrl+E).
I blur one take in motion (Motion Blur) at an angle (Angle) of 30-60 degrees (I choose the degree of displacement by eye), the second I blur in motion in the direction opposite to the first and with a lesser degree of displacement. It looked like a star in the place of the brightest highlights. I merge these layers and change the blending mode to “Screen”, fill 60-80%.

5. Using a hard white brush, I once again go through the places of the brightest glow and use the “Finger” tool to smudge the edges. Change the blending mode to “Overlay”, fill 30-60%. I duplicate the layer and use Gaussian blur.

6. Adding lighting effects

1. There is a flash on the object itself:
I find a suitable flash on a black background, change the blend mode to “Screen”, and move it to the place I need. If desired, you can add another one.

Now I don't like the background color, I change it to purple.

I find a picture with an interesting lighting effect and place it above the subject. I change the blending mode to “Screen” and use a soft eraser to erase the edges so that the sharp transition boundary between the image with the glow and the background is not visible. I add reflection from sparks.

I add more lighting effects, again - don’t forget about reflection.

7. Reflexes

Since the object is illuminated by colored rays, reflections from the rays must be added to it. I duplicate the layer drawn in step 5 and apply a layer style to it with the following parameters:

8. You can also add light to the background and stop there.

The overlay of various lighting effects allows you to achieve a result that is radically different from the source, and no one limits the freedom of creativity.

To prevent the drawn vector object from appearing flat, shadows and highlights are added to it. The techniques described in the lesson will help you draw a shadow and give volume to your vector drawing.

Shadows are usually located inside the subject and go along the edge, so it will be convenient to use the " Creating Shapes(Shift+M)" to cut off the excess or create a new shape based on two existing ones.

To do this, draw two offset circles as shown in the image below. Or other necessary figures. It is important to remember that when drawing a shadow, the main thing is to correctly draw a line inside the object and close it, everything outside will be cut off. Select both items. And grab the Shape Builder tool. Hold down the ALT key and click on the extra area and it will be removed.

If you want to make the drawing more beautiful, create a second shadow outline next to the first. The second shadow will be lighter than the first and this will add volume. After all, the more details are drawn, the more beautiful the drawing.

The color of the shadow and highlight should be, respectively, slightly darker and lighter than the main color of the subject. You can change the color in two ways:

1. Double-click on the color swatch and drag the pointer higher or lower.
2. Leave the color the same. But change the blending mode. For shadows, “Multiply” is suitable, and for the illuminated part of the object, “Lighten”.

The second method should be used with caution, as any effects may not read correctly in earlier versions. And for, it’s better to avoid such tricks altogether and change only the color.

It also has a good volume effect. This tool allows you to "stretch" the mesh on the shape and paint each of the links in a separate color. With the help of a mesh gradient, you can not only create shadows and highlights, but also add photorealism to a vector drawing.

Other ways to draw a shadow

In addition, beautiful shadows are obtained using the Gradient tool. If you put black on both sides and change the transparency value from zero to 50%, a beautiful shadow with a smooth flow will come out. In combination with the “Multiply” blending mode, it will look very realistic, even on a colored background.

For example, an ellipse with a radial shadow was drawn under the ball, which also had to be changed to the shape of an oval. This shadow looks very realistic.

Below is another example of such a shadow. The collar of the shirt stands out a bit thanks to a linear gradient with minimal opacity values.

Folds on clothing or shadows do not have the correct shape, so the Pencil tool is suitable for drawing.

Often, shadows are located along the edges of clothing so that they do not peek outside; we will cut off the excess with the “Create Shapes” tool described above.

A real example of working with shadows can be seen in the lesson

Video lesson: Drawing shadows and highlights in Adobe Illustrator.

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Making a shadow effect on a figure in CorelDRAW X6