The development of specific features of the folk costume occurs mainly under the influence of climatic, socio-historical factors and national mentality. Also, a significant role in the formation of one or another stylistic image of a folk costume is played by neighborhood and relationships with other ethnic groups and their cultural and everyday features of life. In any case, the national dress is a synthesis of folk art. Drawing in stages will be a good way to remember its main features. After all, clothing is the face of an ethnic group, a mirror reflecting its life and beliefs.
In modern society, with increasing interest in their culture, people are eager to find out what Russian folk costumes are, how to draw them. To fully satisfy your interest, you need to master some theory of the origin of clothing. For example, you can consider a female or draw it in stages with watercolors, thereby fixing the presented image on paper.
The history of the emergence of Russian folk clothes
The history goes back many centuries. Statistically almost unchanged conditions of peasant life, climatic and natural environment of life, religious environment and folk beliefs have formed a style of clothing that is maximally adapted to hard work.
Many artists are wondering how to draw a Russian folk costume. To do this, you need to know its specific features. Firstly, such features are lightness, functionality, ease of dressing. Each type of activity has its own clothes - from undershirts and kazakins to long-skirted sheepskin coats and coats. The very activity of daily activities set its own framework for cutting and sewing clothes - a wide wedge was inserted into the trousers, and diamond-shaped gussets were inserted into the armpits of the shirt. The clothes had a wide smell and were without buttons - it was tied with a sash, and any member of the family could at any time put on a zipun and a zipunnik or a sheepskin coat on a shirt.
The design of a sundress, shirt, poneva, coat and zipun practically did not require the use of scissors, and the excess material was extremely insignificant.
So how to draw guided by knowledge of his lineup?
Female and male Russian national costumes
Russian folk costume differed by gender, age and territorial affiliation. You need to know this in order to imagine what Russian folk costumes look like, how to draw them.
Children's clothing repeated the cut and decoration of the adult, but was sewn in a smaller size and from cheaper fabric. In summer, children wore long-sleeved shirts tied with belts.
To draw a Russian folk costume for men, it is useful to know that men's clothing was of the same type. Her complex included a shirt, a belt, ports, an upper and lower caftan, bast shoes or boots and a headdress.
The choice of the position of the suit, its features of cut and color
To draw a Russian folk costume step by step, it must be remembered that the costume of different segments of the population differed not only in the number of details, but also in the variety of materials, having the same cut of its individual parts.
So, a large number of draperies and folds creates an additional volume of clothing, giving it the illusion of layering. Therefore, the artist should avoid the compositional congestion of the silhouette, and if this congestion still takes place in the cut of clothes, then it is necessary to minimize the number of folds.
Fabrics were always dyed with vegetable dyes - the predominance of red is due to the presence of madder weed as a dye in every village, while green dyes were brought exclusively from China. This is important to voice in order to show how to draw a Russian folk costume.
Mannequin line drawing
Before drawing a Russian folk costume in stages, it is necessary to determine the angle of the transmitted image and its technical and stylistic qualities.
For a more open "panoramic" type of clothing, it is recommended to depict it in a "three-quarters" rotation, for the construction of which the suit will be rotated along the "y" axis of the ternary coordinate system, that is, turned 95 degrees relative to the observer. This angle allows you to simultaneously show the object both in full face and in profile. You can copy the Russian folk costume (photo), draw it quite simply.
From such an angle, as presented below, the reliefs and decorations of such women's headdresses as kichka or kokoshnik will be perfectly visible.
Physiological features of the mannequin
So, the middle line of the mannequin's body will lie on the "y" axis: it is worth depicting shoes along it - for women it is represented by low-heeled shoes, boots or bast shoes, for men - boots or bast shoes.
Three lines are randomly drawn: shoulders, chest and pelvic girdle. Then, two ovals are built along the limb belts - respectively, male and To draw a Russian folk costume in stages, it is necessary to supplement the female mannequin with one more line - at the level of the midline of the chest - it will indicate the angle of the female chest. Then all the belts of the limbs and the line of the shoulders are connected by the contour of the body, curved at an arbitrary waist.
Having wondered how to draw a Russian folk costume step by step, it should be remembered that two of the huge variety of women's clothing can be distinguished: South Russian and North Russian.
Therefore, in order to draw a Russian folk costume in stages, a territorial model of the costume is first selected: for the South Russian - an embroidered shirt, an apron, a belt, a plaid poneva, a shortened shoulder shirt, a "magpie" headdress; for the North Russian - a shirt, a long sundress, a belt, a shower jacket, a kokoshnik.
Ways of practical decoration of Russian folk costumes
Since ancient times, Russians have used embroidery and patterned weaving to decorate clothes. Patterned weaving includes a three-dimensional pattern with a convex (mostly red) ornament located in stripes across the fabric panel.
When using the technique of patterned sewing, it is very difficult to convey the round outlines of the pattern, therefore the motifs of the ornament are geometrized and straightforward, and the motif of the circle in sewing was transmitted using rhombuses or squares set at an angle. On the combined festive clothes, an ornament was made in the form of stitching, embroidery, sewn ribbons, small appliqué, located along the shoulder seams, underlay seams, and the like, thus marking the structural and functional elements. The ornament was used only small, geometric, less often vegetative. On underwear, the ornament primarily performed a protective function, built on popular superstitions, and covered the collar, cuffs of the sleeves and the hem of the shirt.
Drawing decorated parts of clothing
On both mannequins in the shoulder area, a shirt with long, falling down sleeves is drawn, the cuffs of which or the sleeves themselves are covered with a girdle pattern of red and white stripes. A similar pattern should cover the shirt collar - for women it is round or finely gathered, for men it is oblique.
At the level of the female chest, a sundress bodice is drawn, the straps of which, trimmed with yellow or red ornaments, are drawn to the shoulders. The bodice of the sundress goes around the rounded female breast, descends to the very bottom in two lines. The hem of the sundress can be covered with horizontal or vertical patterns.
The men's shirt continues to the level of the waist, where it is intercepted by the circumference of the belt, and then it is drawn out. Its lower edge is also covered with an ornament.
Below the line of the pelvic girdle, the legs of the ports are drawn, reaching the levels of the ankles.
The shirt is white, the sundress is more often red, less often green or blue; ornament - red, green or yellow, less often blue. Ports for men were sewn from gray or dark brown cloth.
A crescent-shaped kokoshnik, decorated with arbitrary scallops and lines, a rounded or rectangular color pattern, is perfect for a women's sundress. Patterns should always be small and located along the hem line of a dress or shirt.
Light shadow overlay
To fully draw a Russian folk costume with a pencil, you need to apply light shading of shadows. It will run along the edge of the shirt along the sleeves, in a single spot from the chest line to the middle of the pelvic girdle. It is recommended to run several folds along the sleeves and vertical planes - the pattern will bend there and a shadow will be superimposed.
The cage drawing should be applied to an already toned plane with a hard pencil. In the planes adjacent to the viewer, the drawing is distinguished by strokes of increased softness.
Scenic watercolor treatment
The color saturation of the paint on the brush must be checked on the plane of the white palette before each stroke. First, the required color segment is filled in, then a repeated tone is applied to emphasize the perspective accents and color saturation of the image.
For the most part, they were made of shiny smooth fabrics that acquire bright highlights in the sun. Therefore, it is recommended not to touch in advance the color of the surfaces that stand out in the sun, and to make the tone for them with a brush from the paint by repeatedly blurring it.
In chapter
There are different tasks. Here you sit sometimes and think How to draw a Russian folk costume? And what about a child?
ISO step by step instructions
Russian folk women's costume with a sundress. Step-by-step instructions on how to draw a Russian folk costume yourself with a pencil.
Russian folk girl's costume - a shirt with a belt. Step-by-step instructions on how to draw a female Russian folk costume with a pencil in stages. First, we draw a vertical line - this is our axis of symmetry, then we outline three horizontal lines - the lines of the shoulders, hips and waist. Depending on what kind of costume we are drawing: a northern Russian one with a mandatory sundress or a southern Russian one with an apron and pony, the waist line is located differently. In the northern versions - it is overestimated, in the southern - it is in place. Then a skirt is outlined from the waist line, and future sleeves from the shoulder line. For simplicity, the sleeve line can be drawn parallel to the skirt line. We finish the sleeve at the level of the hips. Thus, we have a pseudo-layout ready, on the basis of which we will draw a costume.
1. We draw a Russian costume based on a sundress.
Alyonushka girl in Russian folk costume. A breakdown into separate stages, how to draw a costume yourself.
Russian culture has always, and now, in modern times, especially interested in many people. Our history is rich in painters, writers, poets. Russian culture has always been very interesting for the whole world. National costumes are an integral part of the culture of any nation or nationality. Interest in the Russian national costume today is especially great in connection with the recent Winter Olympics in Russia. Sochi. All foreigners want to buy souvenirs for themselves - dolls in Russian costumes. But, you can also draw either dolls or figures of people in such costumes. What we will do today and teach you how to correctly draw Russian national costumes step by step - male and female.
Stage 1. First, draw the initial lines of the female and male figures. Two circles - heads, necks, quadrangles - bodies, lines of arms and legs.
Stage 2. We begin to draw circles with smooth lines, gradually giving contours to the faces. We show the lines of the cheeks, chins, ears, and the beginning of the neck.
Stage 3. Now let's draw facial expressions. Using the auxiliary line inside the circle, we show eyes with eyelashes, eyebrows above them, outlines of the nose with nostrils and lips in a friendly friendly smile.
Stage 4. Here for the girl we draw a beautiful thick braided braid falling forward, we circle her head in a semicircle - a kokoshnik - a Russian national headdress. From under the kokoshnik, lace framing the forehead is visible. On the ears we will show beautiful diamond-shaped earrings, the end of the braid is decorated with a satin bow. On the guy's head we put on a cap with a visor, on the side of which a rose is attached.
Stage 5. Let's start drawing exactly the costumes (clothes). On it - we draw a stand-up collar, the chest section of the sundress and a belt under the chest. There are two strands of beads on the neck, draw them in circles. He is wearing a shirt with a stand-up collar, the shirt is rather long, covers the top of the trousers, and is belted with a belt.
Stage 6. Let's show on the right hand the sleeve from the shirt, grabbed at the bottom of the wrist with a cuff. The guy also has a shirt sleeve that covers the arm itself. With the same hand he holds the national musical instrument - the balalaika. We draw a triangle, from which the handle of the balalaika departs, there are strings on it.
Stage 7. We finish drawing the left hands of both characters. The girl has a handkerchief in her fingers. With his left hand, the guy holds the handle of the balalaika, clamping the strings.
Stage 8. We finish drawing Russian national costumes, depicting the hem of a sundress and trousers. Sundress flared down, gathered in folds. Trousers - harem pants, rather wide, tucked into boots. Draw the legs along the straight lines from step 1.
Stage 9. Now we draw patterns on the sundress - vertical and horizontal lines. A row of buttons in the middle. We make the guy's bloomers striped.
Elena Chuvilina
Theme: "Russian folk costume".
Tasks: to acquaint children with the history of men's and women's clothing, with Russian folk costume; develop visual perception; to cultivate accuracy and perseverance, to cultivate interest in the origins of Russian folk culture.
Materials. Illustrations of folk Russian costumes, pictures of men's and women's clothing, samples of various clothes. Coloring pages of folk Russian costumes, felt-tip pens.
The teacher introduces children to the history of men's and women's clothing. In museums there are a lot of samples of rich clothes of Russian tsars and boyars. Clothing was very expensive, so it was passed on only by inheritance. For ordinary people, men and women, the main part of the clothing was a shirt, or shirt. The shirt was wide and long. Her sleeves were longer than her arms. The shirt had a special cut collar. The shirt had a slit on the side, so it was called a kosovorotka. A white kosovorotka was decorated with embroidery along the hem, collar, bottom of the sleeves. Very often, an insert of a material of a different color was made on the chest. A caftan was also worn over the shirts. Men's trousers were called trousers. These are the things our ancestors had: shirt, pants, caftan and others. Women's clothes were more complex and varied. A shirt was part of the clothing. Over the shirt, women wore a long sundress. It was decorated with ribbons, beads, buttons and so on. A mandatory attribute of men's and women's clothing in Rus' has always been a belt. Next, the teacher talks about the Russian folk costume. On the board, illustrative material and the teacher shows everyday and festive clothes. Today we will color the Russian folk costume of a boy and a girl. Under the Russian calm melody, the children get to work. Review of children's work.
Well done! What beautiful costumes you have!
Exhibition of children's works!
Related publications:
Before you - black and white coloring, but based on the Russian folk costume! You can just color them, or you can, adhering to certain ones.
Topic: "History of Russian folk costume" "Let's dress Vanya in a Russian costume" Pedagogical goal. Show children the inextricable connection between.
The lepbook "Russian folk costume" was drawn up as part of the work on the project "My Penza Land" for patriotic education. Subject: Deep.
Presentation of the project "Russian folk costume" for the preparatory group Educational and productive project. Participants: children of the preparatory group, educators, parents of children. Relevance: Russian folk.
An event to improve the effectiveness of ethno-cultural education of children "Russian folk costume of the Belgorod region" Purpose: to increase the effectiveness of ethno-cultural education of children of senior preschool age on the basis of familiarization with the Russian folk costume.
Our kindergarten has a patriotic corner. There are exhibited things that were previously used in everyday life. These are musical instruments.
Goals:
- To acquaint with the history and traditions of Russian folk holidays.
- Cultivate respect, develop interest in folk art.
- To fix the concept of “ornament”, its types.
- Improve visual skills, the ability to work with gouache.
Visibility: images of Russian folk costumes, ornaments, a panel depicting a rural square, an audio recording of “The Ringing of Bells”, patterns of human figures, proverbs on the board:
- You can't feed a chicken, and you can't dress up a girl.
- The woman's shirts are the same bags: tie up the sleeves, but put whatever you want.
- They praise silk on a girl when the girl herself has a sense.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Lesson topic announcement
a) conversation
Every nation has holidays. They reveal the soul of a person, his character. In Rus' they loved holidays. They met spring and saw off winter, celebrated the completion of field work, and sometimes just the end of the working day. Holidays have always been fun filled with music, singing, games and dancing. Every evening, people of different ages gathered in the evening at someone's hut and sang and danced (danced) there. The song and dance repertoire was very rich and varied. For all seasons, for all calendar holidays there were songs, games, dances, fun, nursery rhymes. Often, incantations, jokes, jokes were invented on the spot, on the move - they improvised, especially ditties.
A holiday is not only songs and dances.
How else is this day different from ordinary everyday life? / outfits /
On the eve of the festivities, heavy chests were thrown open. The more they were stuffed, the richer the owner of the house was considered. All festive clothes were necessarily decorated with embroidery elements, beads, sequins, which, as a rule, was not in everyday clothes. By the clothes one could judge the taste and skill of the craftswoman, because the peasant woman herself made the outfit<рисунок 1>.
What a variety of festive outfits!
And what do they have in common? (patterns)
How else can you call it? (ornament)
Any Russian costume in the old days was certainly decorated with ornaments and embroidery.
Let's remember what types of ornament do you know?
/plant and geometric/
Pay attention to the board. Here are the patterns (they can simply be drawn on the board with colored chalk.) Which of them will not be ornaments? Why? /in the ornament, the elements are depicted in a certain order, rhythmically./
The game "Compose a melody to the ornament."
b) STORY about Russian folk costumes.
Let's take a closer look at the outfits.
The basis of any Russian costume was a shirt<рисунок 1и 2>. Shirts with a fastener on the side were called blouses. These were usually worn by men. Also, their outfit included pants that were tucked into boots or onuchi (a piece of fabric), and bast shoes were worn on top of the onuchi.
The shirt was wide and was decorated along the hem, along the collar, along the edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And be sure to tie it with a sash.<рисунок 2>.
Belts performed many functions: they spoke about the well-being of a person, and were also an award and a gift, and were inherited. Festive shirts were embroidered with silk colored threads. Preference was given to red (as a talisman).
Particular importance was attached to the location of the picture. For example:
- chest patterns - protected the heart and lungs,
- shoulder - guarded hands,
- bottom - did not allow evil forces to get through from below.
In the central and northern regions of Russia, women wore a sundress for the holidays.<рисунок 3>.
The smooth lines of the sundress seemed to flow, making the woman look like a swan. No wonder in songs and fairy tales they are called swans.
The festive attire also included the so-called dushegrey - epanechki or shorts - short blouses with straps, similar to sarafans<рисунок 4>.
And in the southern regions of Russia, women of fashion dressed in a pony complex<рисунок 5>.
Poneva - skirt. She dressed without fail over a shirt, then came an apron, and then a pommel.
The apron was generously decorated with embroidery<рисунок 6>.
Red prevailed. This is the color of fire, the sun, magical, beautiful, a symbol of salvation and a sign of a barrier to evil forces. This color was supposed to scare away demons and spirits that have a human appearance, store and protect the owner from various misfortunes.
The top is an outer garment worn in autumn or spring. The tip was not girded<рисунок 7>.
And finally, hats.
They were clearly divided into girls' and married women's dresses:
Kokoshniks, ribbons, wreaths /girlish/.
Koruna, magpie, kichka /female/.
In the names of headdresses, one can hear kinship with a bird: kokoshnik, kichka, magpie. And this is no coincidence. Remember fairy tales: a swan, a white swan, like a peacock.
c) Work with proverbs.
III. Practical work– creation of a collective panel on the theme “Holiday in the village”.
Students are given figurines depicting people and need to make them festive clothes.
Task differentiated:
1 group: colorize ready-made figures, already “dressed” - a task for slow-moving children and those who have difficulty with self-image. Design your own ornament.
2 group: “Dress” paper figurine, i.e. design and draw your own festive outfit.
Group 3 (children who draw well): portray figure of a man in a festive costume.
The main condition is the presence of an ornament in clothes.
Finished works are glued onto a pre-prepared panel depicting a rural square with a cathedral and peasant houses. /Audio recording “Ringing bells” - people gather in the cathedral square./
IV. Outcome.
Everything in life changes, but the holiday remains. And although he can cope in different ways, the main thing remains - joy, special excitement, fun, elegant clothes, gifts, songs and dances, which are now sometimes mysterious to us. However, these traditions are unusual and special. They need to be remembered and known.
Did you remember?
This is what we are going to check now.
Children are given cards-arrows with the words-names of Russian folk clothes:
- shirt - epanechka - kokoshnik - sash - short - coruna - kosovorotka - poneva - magpie - onuchi - apron - kitsch. - sundress - tip
It is necessary to connect the arrow cards with the items of clothing in the pictures so that they match the names.
V. Evaluation of works.
