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The name of M. A. Sholokhov is known to all mankind. In the early spring of 1946, that is, in the first post-war spring, M.A. Sholokhov accidentally met an unknown person on the road and heard his story-confession. For ten years the writer nurtured the idea of the work, the events were becoming a thing of the past, and the need to speak out was increasing. And in 1956 he wrote the story "The Fate of Man". This is a story about great suffering and great resilience of a simple Soviet man. The best features of the Russian character, thanks to the strength of which the victory in the Great Patriotic War was won, M. Sholokhov embodied in the main character of the story - Andrei Sokolov. These are traits such as perseverance, patience, modesty, a sense of human dignity.
Andrey Sokolov is a tall, round-shouldered man, his hands are large and dark from hard work. He was dressed in a burnt padded jacket, which was darned by an inept male hand, and his general appearance was unkempt. But in the guise of Sokolov, the author emphasizes “eyes, as if sprinkled with ashes; filled with such inescapable longing. Yes, and Andrey begins his confession with the words: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why so distorted? . And he can not find the answer to this question.
Before us is the life of an ordinary person, the Russian soldier Andrei Sokolov. . From childhood, I learned how much "a pound is dashing", fought against the enemies of Soviet power in the civil war. Then he leaves his native Voronezh village for the Kuban. Returns home, works as a carpenter, mechanic, driver, creates a family.
With heartfelt trepidation, Sokolov recalls his pre-war life, when he had a family, he was happy. The war broke the life of this man, tore him away from home, from his family. Andrei Sokolov goes to the front. From the beginning of the war, in its very first months, he was twice wounded, shell-shocked. But the worst was waiting for the hero ahead - he falls into Nazi captivity.
Sokolov had to experience inhuman torments, hardships, torments. For two years Andrei Sokolov endured the horrors of fascist captivity. He tried to escape, but unsuccessfully, dealt with a coward, a traitor who is ready, to save his own skin, to betray the commander.
Andrei did not drop the dignity of a Soviet person in a duel with the commandant of a concentration camp. Although Sokolov was exhausted, exhausted, exhausted, he was still ready to face death with such courage and endurance that even a fascist was struck by this. Andrei still manages to escape, he again becomes a soldier. But troubles still haunt him: his home was destroyed, his wife and daughter were killed by a Nazi bomb. In a word, Sokolov now lives only in the hope of meeting his son. And this meeting took place. For the last time, the hero stands at the grave of his son, who died in the last days of the war.
It seemed that after all the trials that fell to the lot of one person, he could become embittered, break down, withdraw into himself. But this did not happen: realizing how hard the loss of relatives and joyless loneliness, he adopts the boy Vanyusha, whose parents were taken away by the war. Andrei warmed, made happy the orphan soul, and thanks to the warmth and gratitude of the child, he himself began to return to life. The story with Vanyushka is, as it were, the final line in the story of Andrei Sokolov. After all, if the decision to become Vanyushka's father means saving the boy, then the subsequent action shows that Vanyushka also saves Andrei, gives him the meaning of his future life.
I think that Andrei Sokolov is not broken by his difficult life, he believes in his strength, and despite all the hardships and hardships, he still managed to find the strength in himself to continue living on and enjoy his life!
M. A. Sholokhov is one of the most talented Russian writers. He is a master of creating atmosphere, color. His stories immerse us completely in the life and life of the heroes. This writer writes about the complex simply and clearly, without going into the wilds of artistic generalizations. His peculiar talent manifested itself both in the epic "Quiet Flows the Don" and in short stories. One of these small works is the story "The Fate of a Man", dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.
What is the meaning of the title of the story "The Fate of Man"? Why, for example, not "The Fate of Andrei Sokolov", but in such a generalized and indirect way? The fact is that this story is not a description of the life of a particular person, but a show of the fate of the whole people. Sokolov lived as usual, like everyone else: work, wife, children. But his ordinary, simple and happy life was interrupted by the war. Andrei had to be a hero, he had to risk himself in order to protect his home, family from the Nazis. And so did millions of Soviet people.
What helps Andrei Sokolov endure the trials of fate?
The hero went through the hardships of war, captivity, concentration camps, but what helps Andrei Sokolov to endure the trials of fate? The point is the patriotism of the hero, humor and, at the same time, will. He understands that his trials are not in vain, he is fighting against a strong enemy for his land, which he will not give up. Sokolov cannot dishonor the honor of the Russian soldier, because he is not a coward, does not cease to fulfill his military duty, and continues to behave with dignity in captivity. One example is the call of a hero in a concentration camp to the chief Muller. Sokolov spoke frankly about the camp working: "They need four cubic meters of working, but for the grave of each of us, even one cubic meter through the eyes is enough." This was reported to the authorities. The hero was taken out to be interrogated, he was threatened with execution. But the hero does not beg, does not show his fear to the enemy, does not refuse his words. Muller offers to drink for the German victory, but Sokolov rejects the offer, but for his death he is ready to drink not even one, but three glasses without blinking an eye. The stamina of the hero surprised the fascist so much that "Rus Ivan" was pardoned and awarded.
Why does the author call Andrei Sokolov "a man of unbending will"?
First of all, the hero did not break down, although he lost all his loved ones and went through hell on earth. Yes, his eyes are "as if sprinkled with ashes", but he does not give up, he takes care of the homeless boy Vanya. Also, the hero always acts according to his conscience, he has nothing to reproach himself with: if he had to kill, it was only for the sake of safety, he did not allow himself betrayal, he did not lose his composure. It is phenomenal that he has no fear of death when it comes to honor and defense of the motherland. But such is not only Sokolov, such is the people of unbending will.
Sholokhov in one fate described the will to victory of the whole people, which did not break, did not bend under the onslaught of a harsh enemy. “Nails should be made of these people,” said Sholokhov's colleague Mayakovsky. It is this idea that the writer embodies in his great creation, which still inspires us to accomplishments and feats. The strong-willed power of the human spirit, the Russian spirit, appears before us in all its splendor in the image of Sokolov.
How does Andrei Sokolov manifest himself in a situation of moral choice?
War puts people in extreme, critical circumstances, so it is then that all the best and worst in a person manifests itself. How does Andrey Sokolov manifest himself in a situation of moral choice? Once in German captivity, the hero saved from death an unfamiliar platoon leader, whom his colleague Kryzhnev was going to hand over to the Nazis as a communist. Sokolov strangled the traitor. It is difficult to kill one's own, but if this person is ready to betray the one with whom he risks his life together, can such a person be considered his own? The hero never chooses the path of betrayal, acts for reasons of honor. His choice is to stand up for his homeland and defend it at any cost.
The same simple and firm position manifested itself in the situation when he stood on the mat with Muller. This meeting is very indicative: the German, although he bribed, threatened, was the master of the situation, could not break the Russian spirit. In this conversation, the author showed the whole war: the fascist pressed on, but the Russian did not give up. No matter how hard the Mullers tried, the Sokolovs outplayed them, although the advantage was on the side of the enemy. The moral choice of Andrei in this fragment is the principled position of the entire people, who, although they were far, far away, supported their representatives with their invincible power in moments of severe trials.
What role did the meeting with Vanya play in the fate of Andrei Sokolov?
The losses of the USSR in the Great Patriotic War beat all records, as a result of this tragedy, entire families died, children lost their parents and vice versa. The protagonist of the story was also left completely alone in the world, but fate brought him together with the same lonely creature. What role did the meeting with Vanya play in the fate of Andrei Sokolov? The adult found in the child hope for the future, for the fact that not everything in life is over. And the child found the lost father. Let Sokolov's life not become the same, but you can still find meaning in it. He went to victory for the sake of such boys and girls, so that they live freely, not be left alone. After all, they are the future. In this meeting, the author showed the readiness of the people, exhausted by the war, to return to peaceful life, not to become hardened in battles and hardships, but to restore their home.
M. Sholokhov "The fate of man."
70 years have passed since that memorable day. Children born after the war have already become adults, and they have already had their own children ... And the war is gradually becoming a thing of the past, becoming a page in the history books. Why do we remember it again and again?
Of the year. 1418 days. 34 thousand hours.
And 27 million dead compatriots.
27 million dead. Do you imagine what it is?
If a moment of silence is declared for each of the 27 million people who died in the country, the country will be silent ..43 years! 27 million. For 1418 days - this means 13 people died per minute. That's what 27 million means!
And how many of these 27 million are your peers. Children who never grew up.
Guys, we have been participating in the action for the third year already. Reading to children about the war.
On May 7 at 11.00 simultaneously in various parts of our country and abroad, an hour of simultaneous reading of works about the Great Patriotic War takes place.
In libraries, schools, kindergartens, orphanages, hospitals and other institutions, children read aloud the best examples of fiction dedicated to the events of 1941-1945. and great human achievement.
The idea of holding such an action was born in the Samara Regional Children's Library five years ago. The number of participants increased from year to year.
In 2014, more than 350,000 children and adolescents became participants in the Action.
The action was carried out by more than 3,000 children's institutions from 4 countries: the Russian Federation of the Republic, Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine: a large number of institutions of culture, education, health and social protection: libraries, museums, kindergartens, and a huge number of other organizations.
The main idea of which: reading works about the most striking episodes of the war . We read stories to you Anatoly Mityaev "Bag of Oatmeal" and A. Platonov "Little Soldier".
This year we will read the work of M. Sholokhov "Destiny of Man".
Reading the story of M. Sholokhov.
Discussion of what has been read.
Conclusion:
Nearly half a century has passed since the publication of story "The fate of man". Farther and farther from us is the war, mercilessly grinding human lives, bringing so much grief and torment.
But every time we meet with the heroes of Sholokhov, we are surprised at how generous the human heart is, how inexhaustible kindness is in it, the indestructible need to protect and protect, even when, it would seem, there is nothing to think about. The end of the story is preceded by the author's unhurried reflection of a person who has seen and knows a lot in life:
“And I would like to think that this Russian man, a man of unbending will, will survive and grow up near his father’s shoulder, one who, having matured, will be able to endure everything, overcome everything in his path, if his homeland calls for this.”
In this reflection, the glorification of courage, stamina, the glorification of a man who withstood the blows of a military storm, endured the impossible.
Questions for discussion:
How do you understand the title of the story "The Fate of Man"?
( During the years of severe trials for the entire Soviet people, during the Great Patriotic War, this was the fate of not one person Andrei Sokolov, but also many of his contemporaries who went through the hardest suffering: the front, the torment of fascist captivity, the loss of loved ones who died on the front line and in the rear)
What happened to Andrei Sokolov's family?
( In June 1942, a bomb hit his house, his wife and both daughters were killed. The son was not at home. Upon learning of the death of his relatives, he volunteered for the front.)
What is instructive for you the story of A. Sokolov?
( boundless patriotism, unbending steadfastness and courageous patience, generosity, the ability to self-sacrifice, protection of the meaning and truth of human existence)
4. Why does Sokolov decide to adopt Vanyushka? What is common in their fate?
(After meeting with the boy, whose “eyes are like a star after the rain”, Sokolov’s “heart departs, becomes softer”, “it became light and somehow light in the soul” As you can see, Vanya warmed Andrei Sokolov’s heart, his life again makes sense.")
Vanya found his father, and Andrei Sokolov found his son. Both found a family. Where are they going and why?
(They go to the Kasharsky district. There, Sokolov is waiting for work, and Vanyushka is in school).
1. What character traits of Andrei Sokolov appeared in this fragment?
2. What role do artistic details play in the given fragment?
And here it is, the war. On the second day, a summons from the military registration and enlistment office, and on the third - welcome to the echelon. All four of mine accompanied me: Irina, Anatoly and daughters - Nastenka and Olyushka. All the guys were doing well. Well, the daughters - not without that, tears sparkled. Anatoly only twitched his shoulders, as if from cold, by that time he was already in his seventeenth year, and Irina was mine ... I had never seen her like that in all the seventeen years of our life together. At night, on my shoulder and on my chest, the shirt did not dry out from her tears, and in the morning the same story ... They came to the station, but I can’t look at her from pity: my lips swelled from tears, my hair fell out from under the scarf, and eyes cloudy, senseless, like those of a man touched by the mind. The commanders announce the landing, and she fell on my chest, clasped her hands around my neck and trembled all over, like a cut down tree ... And the kids persuade her and I, - nothing helps! Other women talk to their husbands and sons, but mine clung to me like a leaf to a branch, and only trembles all over, but cannot utter a word. I tell her: “Pull yourself together, my dear Irinka! Tell me a goodbye word." She speaks and sobs behind every word: “My dear ... Andryusha ... we will not see each other ... you and I ... more ... in this ... world ... "
Here, from pity for her, his heart is torn to pieces, and here she is with such words. I should understand that it’s not easy for me to part with them either, I’m not going to my mother-in-law for pancakes. Evil has taken me! By force, I parted her hands and lightly pushed her on the shoulders. I kind of pushed it lightly, but my strength was stupid; she backed away, stepped back three paces, and again walked toward me with small steps, stretched out her hands, and I shouted to her: “Is that how they say goodbye? Why are you burying me alive ahead of time?!” Well, I hugged her again, I see that she is not herself ...
He abruptly cut off the story in mid-sentence, and in the ensuing silence I heard something bubbling and gurgling in his throat. Another's excitement was transferred to me. I glanced askance at the narrator, but I did not see a single tear in his seemingly dead, extinct eyes. He sat with his head bowed dejectedly, only his large, limply lowered hands trembled slightly, his chin trembled, his hard lips trembled...
- Don't, friend, don't remember! I said softly, but he probably did not hear my words and, having overcome his excitement with some enormous effort of will, he suddenly said in a hoarse, strangely changed voice:
- Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then! ..
He fell silent again and for a long time. He tried to roll a cigarette, but the newsprint was torn, tobacco fell on his knees. Finally, he nevertheless somehow made a little twist, several times greedily puffed and, coughing, continued:
- I broke away from Irina, took her face in my hands, kissed her, and her lips were like ice. I said goodbye to the kids, ran to the car, jumped on the bandwagon already on the go. The train took off quietly; to drive me - past my own. I look, my orphaned children are huddled together, they wave their hands at me, they want to smile, but it doesn’t come out. And Irina pressed her hands to her chest; her lips are as white as chalk, she whispers something with them, looks at me, does not blink, and she herself leans forward, as if she wants to take a step against a strong wind ... This is how she remained in my memory for the rest of my life: hands pressed to breasts, white lips and wide-open eyes full of tears... For the most part, I always see her like that in my dreams... Why did I push her away then? The heart is still, as I remember, as if they are cut with a blunt knife ...
(M.A. Sholokhov. "The fate of man")
2.5. What plots from works of domestic and foreign literature are relevant to you and why? (Based on the analysis of one or two works.)
Explanation.
Comments on essays
2.1. What brings together the images of "little people" - Akaky Akakievich and the tailor Petrovich? (According to the story of N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat".)
Both Akaki Akakievich and Petrovich are “little people”, humiliated and insulted. Their life is worth nothing, they are like guests in this life, having neither their place nor a certain meaning in it. The overcoat is an image with which all the heroes of the story are somehow connected: Bashmachkin, the tailor Petrovich, Bashmachkin's colleagues, night robbers and a "significant person". So, for both Akaky Akakievich and Petrovich, the appearance of a new overcoat is a turning point in life. Petrovich “felt in full measure that he had done a considerable job and that he suddenly showed himself the abyss separating the tailors who only substitute linings and ferry, from those who sew again.” The brand new overcoat, in which Bashmachkin puts on, symbolically means both the gospel “robe of salvation”, “bright clothes”, and the female hypostasis of his personality, making up for his incompleteness: the overcoat is “an eternal idea”, “friend of life”, “bright guest”.
2.2. How does the lyrical hero appear in the poetry of A. A. Fet?
Poetry A.A. Feta reflects the world of "volatile moods". It has no place for political, civic motives. The main themes are nature, love, art.
The lyrical hero Fet subtly feels the overflows and transitions of the states of nature (“Whisper, timid breathing”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch”, “Swallows”).
In thoughts about the harmony and contradictions of man and nature, the lyrical hero finds his destiny - to serve beauty, which is understood only by "initiates" ("To drive away the living boat with one push", "How poor our language is! ..", "Melody", "Diana" )… Contradictions are also the main feature of love lyrics. Love is “an unequal struggle between two hearts”, an eternal clash of individuals, it is “bliss and hopelessness” (“She was sitting on the floor”, “Last love”, “With what bliss, with what longing in love”),
2.3. What is the role of female images in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time"?
The female images of the novel, bright and original, serve, first of all, to “shade” the nature of Pechorin. Bela, Vera, Princess Mary ... At different stages of the hero's life, they played an important role for him. These are completely different women. But they have one thing in common: the fate of all these heroines was tragic. In Pechorin's life there was a woman whom he truly loved. This is Vera. By the way, it is worth thinking about the symbolism of her name. She was his faith in life and in himself. This woman understood Pechorin completely and accepted him entirely. Although her love, deep and serious, brought only suffering to Vera: “... I sacrificed myself, hoping that someday you would appreciate my sacrifice ... I was convinced that it was a hope in vain. I was sad!"
But what about Pechorin? He loves Vera as best he can, as his crippled soul allows him. But more eloquently than all the words about Pechorin's love are his attempts to catch up and stop the woman he loves. Having driven the horse in this pursuit, the hero falls next to her corpse and begins to sob uncontrollably: “... I thought my chest would burst; all my firmness, all my composure - disappeared like smoke.
Each of the female images of the novel is unique and unrepeatable in its own way. But they all have something in common - a pernicious passion for the mysterious, the unknown - for Pechorin. And only one girl did not succumb to the charm of the hero of the novel. This is an undine from the story "Taman".
All the women in A Hero of Our Time just wanted to be happy. But happiness is a relative concept, today it exists, and tomorrow ...
2.4. What was the significance of the meeting with Vanya for Andrey Sokolov? (According to the story of M. A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man".)
Andrei Sokolov has amazing courage and mental strength, the horrors he experienced do not make him embittered. The protagonist leads a continuous struggle within himself and emerges from it as a winner. This man, who lost his relatives during the Great Patriotic War, finds the meaning of life in Vanyusha, who also remained an orphan: “Such a little ragamuffin: his face is all in watermelon juice, covered with dust, dirty as dust, unkempt, and his eyes are like stars at night after the rain! It is this boy with "eyes as bright as a sky" that becomes the new life of the protagonist.
Vanyusha's meeting with Sokolov was significant for both. The boy, whose father died at the front, and his mother was killed on the train, still hopes that they will find him: “Daddy, dear! I know that you will find me! You will still find it! I've waited so long for you to find me." Andrei Sokolov awakens paternal feelings for someone else's child: “He pressed himself against me and trembled all over, like a blade of grass in the wind. And I have a fog in my eyes and it also trembles all over, and my hands are shaking ... ”The glorious hero of the story again performs some spiritual, and, possibly, moral feat when he takes the boy for himself. He helps him get back on his feet and feel needed. This child has become a kind of "medicine" for Andrei's crippled soul.
