Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. Quote characteristic
a brief description of
Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is one of the central characters in the novel "Fathers and Sons" by Turgenev. This is one of the most positive, kind and bright characters in the novel "Fathers and Sons".
Quote characteristic
Age- 44 years old: "... at forty-four years old ..."
Appearance: lame; "...cheerful, fresh, ruddy..." "...limped, had small, pleasant, but somewhat sad features, small black eyes and soft liquid hair..." "...in a dusty coat and checkered trousers.. "...the big buttons of his rustic coat..." "...quite gray-haired, plump and slightly hunched..." "...his gray hair..."
Social status: nobleman and landowner: "... a good estate of two hundred souls, or, as he puts it since he separated from the peasants and started a "farm", - two thousand acres of land ..." "... Kirsanov's fortune fair..."
Educated, graduated from St. Petersburg University: "... as soon as he was eighteen years old, and placed him at the university ..." "... In 1835, Nikolai Petrovich left the university as a candidate ..." Nikolai Petrovich did not become a military man because his lameness: "... As a general's son, Nikolai Petrovich<...>had to ... enter the military service; but he broke his leg<...>remained "crippled" for the rest of his life. Father waved his hand at him and let him go in civilian clothes ... "
Served in the Ministry of Appanages:"... having left the ministry of appanages, where, under the patronage of his father, he was enrolled ..."
He married for love the daughter of an official:"... She became his wife, he was happy, like few on earth..." married her ... " Nikolai Petrovich was happily married: "... he was blissful with his Masha ..." "... The spouses lived very well and quietly: they almost never parted ..."
Widower, misses his dead wife:"... The deceased wife appeared to him again, but not the way he had known her for many years, not a housewife, kind housewife, but a young girl with a thin figure..." "... he wanted to feel again the closeness of his Mary feel her warmth and breath..."
loves his son Arcadia: "... For your arrival, my soul ..." (young nihilist Arkady Kirsanov - son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov)
Good father:"... to such a father, who, like you, never in any way hampered my freedom ..."
Hospitable host:"... Sincerely glad," he began, "and grateful for the kind intention to visit us..."
Generous:"... guys, help me," exclaimed Nikolai Petrovich, "there will be vodka! .."
Kind:"... Good dad! .."
Soft:"... tenderness for a kind and gentle father..." "... I am a soft, weak person..."
Affectionate:"...responding to his father's caresses..." "...and affectionately called out to her..." "...Arkasha! Arkasha!" Kirsanov shouted... his lips had already pressed against his beardless, dusty and tanned cheek. .."
Humble: "...so kind and humble..."
Cowardly:"... although he not only did not differ in courage, but even earned the nickname of a coward ..." "... Nikolai Petrovich was afraid of the young "nihilist" ..."
bashful, able to blush: "... Nikolai Petrovich blushed ..."
Conscientious:“... Of course, I should be ashamed,” answered Nikolai Petrovich, blushing more and more ...
Impractical, he is not good at housekeeping: "...Brother is not quite practical..." (Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov about his brother Nikolai Petrovich) "...more than once, seeing how he struggled and racked his brains, thinking of how to dodge. .." "... hardly understands the economy ..." "... The cattle are bad, and the horses are broken. The buildings are also running up, and the workers look like notorious sloths; and the manager is either a fool or a rogue..."
Loves nature:... And he looked around, as if wanting to understand how one can not sympathize with nature ... "
Loves poetry in particular - Pushkin's poems: "... But to reject poetry? - he thought again, - not to sympathize with art, nature? .." "... But, by the way, I agree with Pushkin - remember, in Eugene Onegin ..." "... He reads poetry in vain ..."
Plays the piano and sings:"...played four hands on the piano, sang duets..."
Plays the cello:"...played with feeling, albeit with an inexperienced hand, "Waiting" by Schubert<...>Does your father play the cello? - Yes..."
Tactful, delicate:"... imperceptibly, so as not to offend his son, he turned his nose away ..."
Opinions about him:"golden man": "...And your father is a nice fellow..." "...My father is a golden man..." "...He is such a kind, good man!.." "... this ladybug Nikolai Petrovich..."
Romantic:"...these old romantics!.." (Evgeny Bazarov about Kirsanov)
Dreamer:"... Our Nikolai Petrovich dreamed..." "... He loved to dream; village life developed this ability in him..."
Hardworking:"...despite all his zeal and industriousness..."
Sometimes lazy:"...he was willingly lazy..."
Knows French and German:"...He hesitated for a moment and continued in French..." "...I understand German..."
Homebody, afraid of the company of people: "... Nikolai Petrovich, like all couch potatoes, was engaged in treatment..." "... he was afraid of society..."
Optimist:"... Nikolai Petrovich did not lose heart, but often sighed and thought..."
Confiding, it is easy to deceive him: "... And the good peasants will deceive your father without fail..." "... he is being deceived..."
Self-critical:"...Either I'm stupid, or it's all nonsense. I must be stupid..."
Melancholy:"...Him<...>tears welled up, causeless tears..." "...Help me sit on the droshky and don't indulge in melancholy..."
Peaceful. He doesn't like fights: "... It's impossible to fight on your own..."
Lives in an informal marriage with a simple peasant Fenechka. Their son Mitya is born: "... Of course, if this girl were not worth it ... This is not a frivolous whim ..." "... this girl, about whom you probably already heard<...>she now lives with me. I put it in the house...
At the end of the novel Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka: "... in a small parish church, quietly and almost without witnesses, two weddings took place: Arkady with Katya and Nikolai Petrovich with Fenechka ..."
Subject: E. BAZAROV AMONG THE KIRSANOVS. IDEOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCES OF THE HEROES
Goals: work on the content of the novel, analysis of chapters II, IV, X; draw students' attention to the origin of E. Bazarov, his behavior at a party, attitude towards the Kirsanov brothers; based on the text, highlight the main lines of the dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, determine the "winner" in these disputes.
Course of lessons
I. Survey.
1. Tell us about the history of the creation of the novel "Fathers and Sons." To whom did Turgenev dedicate his work?
2. Do the heroes of the novel have prototypes? Who are they?
3. What social conflict underlies the novel "Fathers and Sons"?
4. What is the position of the writer in the dispute between liberal nobles and raznochintsy-democrats?
5. What is the main conflict of the novel? How is this reflected in the work?
6. How do you understand the meaning of the title of the novel?
7. Tell us about the era of the 60s of the XIX century (based on the novel).
II. Analysis of the content of the second chapter of the novel. Meeting of Evgeny Bazarov with Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov(reading in faces).
1. How is Evgeny Bazarov dressed? What does "hoodie with tassels" mean? (hoodie -loose clothing . The appearance of Bazarov in such a robe among the Kirsanovs is a challenge to aristocratic conventions.)
2. Appearance of Bazarov. What did Nikolai Petrovich pay attention to? (“The naked red hand” of Bazarov is the hand of a person accustomed to physical labor.)
3. How did Bazarov introduce himself? (“Evgeny Vasilyev” is a common form. This is how the peasants were presented.)
4. Why, when meeting with Nikolai Petrovich, Bazarov did not immediately shake his hand? (And what if his hand hangs in the air? After all, the aristocrat Nikolai Petrovich could not shake his hand.)
III. Analysis of the content of the IV chapter of the novel. Bazarov's arrival in Maryino.
1. What impression does the Maryino estate make?
2. How does Bazarov behave? Nikolai Petrovich? (Nikolai Petrovich tries not to notice the guest's cheeky manners.)
3. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. His appearance, mannerisms. (Appearance is striking sophistication.) Turgenev sympathizes with the hero or ironically over him?
4. What assessment did Bazarov give to the Kirsanov brothers?
5. What did Evgeny Bazarov do in Maryino? Arkady? (“Arkady sybaritized, Bazarov worked.” The life of the nobles passes in idleness, and the content of Bazarov’s life is work, even at a party he continues his natural science studies.)
6. What is the attitude of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov towards Bazarov? (“Pavel Petrovich hated Bazarov with all the strength of his soul: he considered him proud, impudent, cynic, plebeian.”)
7. How do ordinary people feel about Bazarov?
8. Bazarov - "nihilist". How does Arkady explain the meaning of this word? What is the essence of Bazar's nihilism? (To treat everything from a critical point of view, without taking anything for granted. Nihilism is a special worldview, which is based on the denial of social norms, rules, principles.)
Bazarov and Kirsanov Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich are different people. Bazarov is a "nihilist" and a democrat, a man who has gone through a harsh school of labor and deprivation. The Kirsanovs are people of the "old age". There can be no reconciliation and unity between them. A collision is inevitable.
(The chapter is dominated by dialogue. Turgenev is a master of dialogue.)
1. Reading the dialogues of the characters in the faces.
2. Follow what the characters say and how they say it. (How do you understand the word “principle” and why do the heroes argue about principles so fiercely? Explain the point of view of the arguing. What is behind the principles: the requirements of life or tradition? Is P. Kirsanov right when he reproaches the youth for unscrupulousness? How do the heroes relate to the existing system? Can Bazarov be considered a revolutionary? What is the weak side of Bazarov's political views? Do those who argue convince each other?)
3. Views on nature and art. Identification of the author's position. Does Turgenev join Bazarov's statement that nature is not a temple, but a workshop? Does he completely deny Bazarov's creed? With what description of nature does the author end the novel, and why?
The fight between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov takes place over evening tea. The heroes argue about the Russian people, about the principles and activities of the nihilists, about art and nature, about the nobility and the aristocracy. Each remark of Bazarov is directed against some generally recognized principle. (P. Kirsanov speaks of the need to follow authorities, to believe in them. E. Bazarov denies the reasonableness of both. Pavel Petrovich claims that one cannot live without principles, Bazarov answers: “Aristocratism, liberalism, progress, principles, you think how many foreign and ... useless words!" Pavel Petrovich is touched by the backwardness of the Russian people and reproaches Bazarov for contempt for the people, the nihilist parries the reproach: "Well, if he deserves contempt!" speaks of Schiller and Goethe, Bazarov exclaims: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet!" during this period of rapid development of science and technical thought, an underestimation of art was often observed among a part of society. Such extremes were also inherent in Bazarov. Bazarov recognized only what was useful to his cause. The criterion of usefulness is the starting position from which the hero approached various phenomena of life and art.)
In the fights between E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, the truth was not born. The participants in the dispute were driven not by the desire for it, but by mutual intolerance. Both heroes were not quite fair to each other.
Homework.
2. Answer the questions:
1) The attitude of the characters to love, to a woman in general.
2) E. Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.
3) The love story of P.P. Kirsanov to Princess R.
4) Are Arkady and Katya happy?
: he is one of the two (together with Bazarov Sr.) fathers present in the novel in the literal sense of the word. The third father in the epilogue of the novel is the son of Nikolai Arkady - in contrast to Evgeny Bazarov, a friend and ideological leader of Arkady, who, dying young, remains in the category of "children". This in itself is very symbolic and shows that in the Kirsanov family everything goes in the usual and natural way, but not so with the Bazarovs, and the innovative reader will remain dissatisfied with the naturalness and invariability of the Kirsanovs' "family life", the traditionalist reader will breathe a sigh of relief when Arkady will get the “nonsense of nihilism” out of his head and enter the category of “fathers” himself, while the author, it seems, is most concerned with being objective and strictly observing neutrality.
Biography and upbringing
General Pyotr Kirsanov, the hero of the war of 1812, about whom the author only reports that he was “a semi-literate, rude, but not evil Russian man, pulled the strap all his life, commanded first a brigade, then a division and constantly lived in the provinces”, had two sons: the elder Pavel, the younger Nikolai. Until the age of 14, Nikolai was brought up at home, "surrounded by cheap tutors, cheeky but obsequious adjutants and other regimental and staff personalities." Unlike his older brother, he "was not known for his courage, but even earned the nickname of a coward." In the army, where his father was going to determine, Nikolai was by no means eager, and it so happened that “on the very day when the news of his determination arrived”, he broke his leg and, after lying in bed for two months, remained for life “ lame." The father waved his hand "and let him go in civilian clothes."
While still a student at St. Petersburg University, Nikolai fell in love with the daughter of his landlord - "a pretty and, as they say, developed girl: she read serious articles in the science department in magazines." He married her and after the soon-to-be-death of his parents, he went with her to the ancestral village, where their son Arkady was born. Nikolai Petrovich and his wife lived "very well and quietly." They were always together: they read, played the piano in four hands, sang. Their occupations were usual for landowners. The wife “planted flowers and watched the poultry yard”, the husband looked after the household and sometimes hunted. Their only son, Arkady, grew up "good and quiet." The couple were happy all ten years, which passed like a dream, until Kirsanov's wife died in 1947. Nikolai Petrovich barely survived the blow, turned gray, was going to go abroad to unwind. After the 48th year, when the revolution happened in France and swept across Europe, Nikolai Petrovich had to return to the village and again engage in "economic transformations." In the 55th year, Arkady entered the university in St. Petersburg. Such is the prehistory (exposition) of the novel.
Appearance, social status, habits, character of the hero
The novel begins with an acquaintance with Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov - "a gentleman of about forty years old, in a dusty coat and plaid trousers." This is a new, progressive type of landowner - a "farmer": although the main action of the novel begins exactly one and a half years before the liberation of the peasants (May 20, 1859), Nikolai Petrovich had already managed to "disengage himself from the peasants and start a" farm "- in two thousand acres of land."
This not always successful enterprise, it would seem, should take all the time and effort from Nikolai Kirsanov, but meanwhile he is not alien to spiritual interests: he reads Pushkin's poems by heart and plays the cello, which causes the sarcasm of the "nihilist" Bazarov. From Bazarov's conversation with Arkady, the reader will learn the exact age of Nikolai Petrovich. Bazarov is indignant at the frivolity of the 44-year-old father of the family, who plays the cello. Arkady is offended: “Bazarov continued to laugh; but Arkady, no matter how much he revered his teacher, this time did not even smile.
The relationship with the son is the most important in the context of the theme of the novel, stated by its title. And here it turns out that there really is no “generational conflict” in the Kirsanov family: Arkady sincerely loves and deeply respects his father, and in return enjoys his absolute respect and trust, not to mention the most devoted paternal love. The initiator of the artificial "generational conflict" is the alien Bazarov, who found a fierce opponent to his "nihilism" in the person of Nikolai Petrovich's older brother - Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, who actually has a lot in common with him, and most importantly - both do not and never will children. But Nikolai Kirsanov, in contrast to both of them, is extremely prolific: after the death of his deeply beloved wife, after some time he starts a real, sincere, sentimental romance with a village girl Fenechka and has a son from her.
Nikolai Kirsanov knows how to love, and this ability of his, without any high "ideological" phrases, which both irreconcilable opponents sin (Bazarov, just like Pavel Petrovich), is transferred to Arkady. That is why Arkady and his fiancee Katya did not even understand the question of the rational and cold Anna Odintsova (and she simply repeated Bazarov’s “definition”): “Children! What, love is a fake feeling?
The novel ends with two weddings: Arkady marries Katya, and Nikolai marries his unmarried peasant wife, Fenechka. In the epilogue, Nikolai Petrovich becomes a grandfather.
- "Fathers and Sons", a summary of the chapters of Turgenev's novel
Pavel and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
The writing of the novel "Fathers and Sons" coincided with the most important reforms of the 19th century, namely the abolition of serfdom. The century was famous for the development of industry and the natural sciences, the expansion of ties with Europe. In Russia, the ideas of Westernism began to be accepted. "Fathers" adhered to old views. The younger generation welcomed the abolition of serfdom and reform. Bazarov, a nihilist, represents "new people", and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov is considered to be his opponent, because it is they who are arguing on various topics - about nihilism, aristocracy, practical benefits, and so on. However, Pavel Petrovich turns out to be an untenable opponent for Bazarov. All the words of Pavel Petrovich are only "words", since they are not backed up by any action. His entire previous life was a direct path of continuous success given to him by birthright (from childhood he was unusually handsome, self-confident, women liked him very much, he studied in the page corps, at 27 he was already a captain, his brilliant career was ahead), but the first the difficulty (unrequited love for Princess R.) made Pavel Petrovich incapable of anything: he retired, pursued her, was expelled, lived colorless, fruitless and quickly for ten years, spends the rest of his life with his brother in the village. He has no convictions, instead of them - principles that boil down to observing appearances and trying to seem like a gentleman. Form without content - this is the essence of Pavel Petrovich (this is clearly manifested in the description of his office, in the fact that, as a symbol of Russia, he holds an ashtray in the form of a "muzhik's bast shoes" on the table). Pavel Petrovich is only interested in the external side of things - he talks about Schiller, Goethe, although he is unlikely to have read them, his judgments are presumptuous and superficial. But after all, the same can be said about Bazarov: the same predilection for "external effects" (whiskers, hoodie, swagger), the same quarrelsomeness with the outside world. D.I. Pisarev calls Pavel Petrovich "Pechorin of small sizes." Bazarov - the same Pavel Petrovich, exactly the opposite. Turgenev shows that nothing can be built on negation, including philosophy, because life consists in affirmation, not in negation. Thus, we see that the real opponent of Bazarov is Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, although he does not enter into verbal disputes. He is well aware that his arguments will not be convincing either for Bazarov or for his brother. Nikolai Petrovich simply lives according to his heart and conscience (having broken his leg in his youth, which prevented him from making a military career, he does not become discouraged, does not become embittered at the whole world, but studies at the university, then marries, lives with his wife for ten years in love and consent, which passed "like a dream"; after the death of his wife, he devotes himself to raising and educating his son; then life sends him love for a simple girl, Fenechka, for a newborn child). That suffering knowledge that Nikolai Petrovich possesses - about harmonious existence, about unity with nature, about poetry, about love - can only be understood by a developed soul, which neither the "county aristocrat" nor the "leader of the nihilists" has. This is only able to understand the son of Arkady, who, in the end, comes to the conclusion that Bazarov's ideas are untenable. Life itself puts everything in its place, sweeps aside everything unnatural: Bazarov dies, knowing love, softening his negativism; Pavel Petrovich went abroad (where he belongs); Arkady marries Katya, lives on his father's estate, raises it from desolation and poverty; Nikolai Petrovich - marries Fenechka, becomes a mediator and works hard.
The mutual hostility of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov manifests itself long before the disputes, in which the antagonism of their views was clearly defined. Still, in essence, knowing nothing about each other, they are already hostilely alert.
This happens because Turgenev, with fleeting indications of individual features of their appearance and behavior, causes these heroes to pay increased attention to each other and, thus, helps them to determine and prepare their positions even before disputes. Getting acquainted with Bazarov, Nikolai Petrovich "tightly squeezed his naked, red hand, which he did not immediately give him."
In itself, the fact that Bazarov, when meeting Nikolai Petrovich, "did not immediately give him" his hand, would seem to be unremarkable. But this unremarkable circumstance is repeated - when Bazarov meets Pavel Petrovich, he acts similarly to Bazarov, only much more definitely. He is also in no hurry to shake hands. Moreover, at the same time, he not only “did not immediately give him” his hand, but did not give it at all and even put it back in his pocket.
Pavel Petrovich has a beautiful hand "with long pink nails", which seems "even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, buttoned with a single large opal." Bazarov, on the other hand, has a red hand and is dressed, in his own words, in “clothing”, which the servant Prokofich, accustomed to the aristocratic dress of his masters, took to the cleaners with a bewildered mine on his face.
That's the whole point. Bazarov's "clothing" and a red hand, obviously indicating unfamiliarity with gloves, hurt Pavel Petrovich's eyes: he immediately recognizes a democrat by these clearly "revealing" signs. Bazarov, when not touched, is indifferently careless in his relations with the nobles. An example is his first meeting with Nikolai Petrovich, a nobleman who does not flaunt his aristocratic habits. Therefore, Bazarov, although "not immediately," nevertheless gives him a hand.
As for Pavel Petrovich, even as a result of the first fleeting acquaintance with him, the democratic nature of Bazarov could not help but be indignant. “Nails, nails, at least send them to the exhibition!” he remarks ironically, left alone with Arkady. The same coin pays Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, whose speech is full of underlined sarcasm:
"Who is this?" Pavel Petrovich asked Bazarov, his brother in retirement.
- A friend of Arkasha ...
This hairy one?
-Well, yes.
Pavel Petrovich tapped his nails on the table. The words "this" and "hairy" along with a meaningful gesture at the end are not accompanied by any author's explanations. Nevertheless, the essence of the feelings experienced by Pavel Petrovich at this moment is already clear. In general, Pavel Petrovich's bilious aristocratic contempt for Bazarov is constantly reflected in remarks similar to the above.
He clearly avoids even calling Bazarov by his first or last name, preferring to get by with the help of some allegorical turn of phrase. In one place, he drops casually: "here the nihilist gentleman has come." In the other - "this lord." It is possible to note only a single case of the mention by Pavel Petrovich of the name of Bazarov, but even then the scornfully ironic meaning of the statement is striking. When Pavel Petrovich found out that Bazarov was the son of a man of a non-noble profession, a regimental doctor, and even one who served in his father’s division, he uttered a meaningful “hm!”, “moved his mustache” and asked with an “arrangement”: “Well, and Mr. Bazarov himself, in fact, what is it? It is clear that here Bazarov is called a gentleman in mockery.
From the point of view of Pavel Petrovich, the son of a doctor cannot be a real master. In conversations directly with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich, however, is distinguished by refined, "chilling", according to Turgenev's definition, politeness, but even it is most often only decorative in nature, shading the seething restless hostile feelings. So, once from the language of the “politely restrained” Pavel Petrovich breaks already in the presence of Bazarov: “Before, young people were just blockheads, but now they have become nihilists.”
Pavel Petrovich boasts of his self-esteem, which is strongly developed in him and allegedly always able to keep him within the boundaries of decency, which he declares to his brother, who begs the disputants to do without “personalities,” but right there his self-esteem betrays him. “Don’t worry,” he said, “I won’t forget, precisely because of that sense of dignity, which Mr. ... Mr. Doctor so mocks.”
In the light of the heated dispute about nihilism, as a result of which Pavel Petrovich reached the highest degree of irritation, and Bazarov’s face “took on some kind of copper and rough color”, the insult of this pause (Mr. ... Mr. Doctor) leaves no doubt. Pavel Petrovich refrained from calling Bazarov "Mr. Nihilist" directly to his face, but on the other hand he expressed this with a pause, which under such circumstances does not go unnoticed.
When depicting the scene before the duel and when depicting the duel itself, Bazarov's behavior is especially revealing. All the embodied gentlemanly correctness, Pavel Petrovich, who came to challenge Bazarov to a duel, speaks to him in an emphatically official language. Bazarov in a hidden form ridicules the noble manners reflected in the language of Pavel Petrovich. He does this with the help of an ironic repetition of the ends of Pavel Petrovich's phrases. Pavel Petrovich, setting out the motives for the challenge, says:
“We can't stand each other. What more?
"What more," Bazarov repeated ironically...
- As for the conditions of the duel themselves, since we have
there will be no seconds - for where are they to be found?
“Exactly where can I get them?”
And before the duel. Pavel Petrovich:
"Can we get started?"
Bazarov:
"Let's get started.
“You don’t require new explanations, I suppose?”
“I don’t require…”
Pavel Petrovich, giving pistols:
"Please choose.
- I agree.
Bazarov's ironic attitude to all this obsolete ritualism is also expressed by the fact that he replaces the very word duel with the word "battle". “Peter,” he says, “I undertake to properly prepare and bring him to the place of the massacre.” The choice of words here replaces the description of the hero's state of mind.
