In human activity, his needs are completed. They also activate it. That is, in the process of activity, actual needs are satisfied, new ones are formed. However, in this case, not only a change in needs occurs, but also a change in the individuality of a person. What other influence does activity have on human development? Let's figure it out.
Activity is a form of human activity aimed at cognition, transformation of the surrounding world, oneself and the conditions of one's existence. This is what distinguishes a person from an animal, emphasizes the social in human nature.
- Activities are not limited to satisfying needs.
- It is determined by the goals and requirements of society.
- Actions are associated with the development of personality, human consciousness (including self-awareness).
- This is a consciously regulated process of human interaction with the world.
In activity, a person acts as a creator, a creator. In the process, they develop:
- intellectual abilities of the individual;
- creative imagination;
- worldview;
- system of ideals and values;
- emotional and aesthetic attitude to the world.
As a member of society, a person is valuable when he leads an active working, social life, performs actions and bears responsibility for them.
Subject of activity
Activity is always subjective. The subject is what it is aimed at. It can exist independently or be created in the course of the activity itself.
Operating principles
The activity is based on the principle of functionality and the principle of consistency.
- The first involves reliance on the already developed mental elements that are mobilized to achieve the goal.
- The principle of consistency implies the inclusion of individual personality traits, on the basis of which several blocks can be distinguished in the structure.
Activity structure
There are six blocks. Each of the elements is interconnected with others, interpenetrating.
This is where they get to work. A motive is an objectified need. The desire to satisfy a need, that is, to obtain a specific object, encourages activity. Activity is impossible without a motive.
Goals
Main element. It has two forms of manifestation:
- as a result presented by a person;
- as the desired level of achievement.
Program
A person decides what and how he should do, that is, it is the choice of methods and means, the assessment of his own resources. The work includes cognitive, motivational, executive spheres.
Information base
Its efficiency depends on the adequacy and completeness of information data on the conditions of activity.
Making decisions
One of the alternative options is selected, mastered, rules and criteria for achieving the goal are developed.
Personal qualities significant for activity
These are character traits, inclinations and other individual characteristics that will help you achieve your goal.
Activity Components
Activity always has an internal plan and an external manifestation, between which there is an inextricable link. From external operations with objects (objective thinking), information, being transformed by the psyche, turns into internal images, ideals (figurative thinking). This process of transition is called internalization.
The reverse action (creating something materially through internal representations) is exteriorization.
Action is a tool to achieve a goal
An action is a part of an activity aimed at achieving an intermediate result in specific conditions. Consists of operations - methods of execution according to the conditions.
physical actions
These are external, motor actions with objects that consist of movements.
Smart Actions
Internal mental actions with images and concepts based on external actions with objects.
The psyche is the regulator of activity
The reflection of the world by the psyche occurs consciously, that is, in the process of actions a person:
- is aware (partially or fully) of the purpose of his actions;
- represents the result;
- perceives and evaluates the conditions in which one has to act;
- builds a step-by-step plan, an algorithm of operations;
- makes volitional efforts;
- supervises the process;
- experiences success and failure.
Knowledge, skills, habits
Knowledge, skills, or ZUN is the basis responsible for the organization and management of practical activities.
Knowledge
These are images of sensations and perceptions, further processed into representations and concepts. Without them, conscious purposeful activity is impossible. Knowledge increases the effectiveness of actions.
Skills
This is the mastery of the method of performing an action that does not require reinforcement by exercises. Conscious individual control is the main difference between skills. They are closely related to thinking and are impossible without active intellectual activity. Skills allow you to find a way out of non-standard situations, respond to changes in external conditions.
Skills
Skills are actions brought to automaticity. Success depends on skills. Skills are formed through exercises - repeated repetition of a specific action (actions). The skill is based on a dynamic stereotype, that is, a neural connection between the elements of an action. This happens uncontrollably, but if there is some kind of inaccuracy, then the person immediately notices it. The stronger the nerve connection, the faster and better the action.
Skills are motor, mental, sensory, behavioral. A skill is formed in several stages:
- introductory (comprehension of actions, familiarity with the methods of implementation);
- preparatory (conscious, but inept performance of an action);
- standardizing (unity and automatism of actions);
- situational (mastering the arbitrariness of action).
Learning new skills is always influenced by old ones. Sometimes it helps and sometimes it hinders. In the first case, we are talking about the coordination of skills, in the second - about interference (contradiction). Skills are consistent when:
- the system of movements of one skill coincides with the system of movements of another;
- one skill is a means of better assimilation of another;
- the end of one skill is the beginning of another and vice versa.
Accordingly, interference occurs under the reverse conditions.
habits
A habit is an action that has become a need. There are also habits. Habits, like skills, are based on dynamic stereotypes. Habits are formed through:
- imitations;
- multiple random repetition;
- conscious purposeful learning.
They can be an engine or an inhibitory factor in the performance of activities.
Activities
There are many types of activities, but in psychology it is customary to distinguish 4 main ones.
Communication is the first activity in which a person participates (intimate-personal communication with the mother). In this form of activity, the first development of personality takes place.
The purpose of communication is the establishment of mutual understanding, personal and business relations, the provision of mutual assistance, the educational and educational influence of people on each other.
It is worth noting that some researchers do not consider communication an independent activity, but rather call it a means for implementing another activity, achieving the goals of another activity. However, in infancy, it is this species that is leading.
A game
The game is the main activity of childhood, but it persists at subsequent age stages. Allows you to assimilate the social experience of human activity and human relations. For adults, the game is relaxation, stress relief.
Game activity prepares a person for further learning and work. She develops:
- thinking,
- memory,
- imagination,
- attention,
- capabilities,
- will.
And also determines the formation of character.
Studies
Educational activity stood out from labor. Assumes:
- assimilation of information about the properties of the surrounding world (knowledge), techniques, operations (skills);
- development of the ability to choose techniques and operations in accordance with the goals and conditions (skills).
In educational activity, the assimilation of knowledge, the development of skills, abilities, and the development of abilities take place.
Work
Labor is an activity aimed at creating a socially significant product. Labor is the basis of human existence, his mental and personal development.
There are other types of activity, but they all line up within the framework of one of the four named or at the junction of several types. The choice depends on the strength, quantity, originality of the needs of a particular person.
However, at each age, a person performs several types of activities at once, and only one remains the leader. For example, for an adult, this is work.
Individual style of activity
This is an adaptation of the human nervous system and the characteristics of the body to the activity performed. At the heart of the individual style is:
- skills;
- skills;
- experience.
The purpose of this adaptation is to achieve the best result at the lowest cost. Temperament determines the success and failure of a person in a particular activity.
Afterword
Conscious purposeful activity is the difference between people and animals. In its process, a person creates objects of material and spiritual culture, transforms his abilities, ensures the progress (although sometimes regression) of society, influences nature (preserves or destroys).
Any activity is a creative way beyond the natural, work on oneself and the world. Man not only consumes, but also creates. With it, he influences his life.
Thanks to it, the mental development of the individual is carried out. However, at the same time, mental processes (attention, imagination, memory, speech) act as components and even separate types of activity.
Activity- a way of man's relationship to the outside world, which consists in transforming and subordinating it to the goals of man.
Human activity has a certain similarity with the activity of an animal, but differs in a creative and transformative attitude to the world around.
Characteristic features of human activity:
- Conscious character : a person consciously puts forward the goals of the activity and foresees its results, thinks through the most appropriate ways to achieve them.
- productive nature : aimed at obtaining a result (product).
- Transformative nature : a person changes the world around him (influences the environment with specially created means of labor that enhance the physical capabilities of a person) and himself (a person keeps his natural organization unchanged, at the same time changing his way of life).
- public character : a person in the process of activity, as a rule, enters into various relationships with other people.
STRUCTURE OF ACTIVITIES
motive(from lat. movere - set in motion, push) - a set of internal and external conditions that cause the activity of the subject and determine the direction of activity (for example, needs, interests, social attitudes, beliefs, drives, emotions, ideals).
Purpose of activity- this is a conscious image of the result, to achieve which the action of a person is directed.
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ANY ACTIVITY. Find in it the subject and object, motive, goal, select methods and means, describe the process and result.
VARIETY OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES
material activity is the creation of material values and things that are necessary to satisfy human needs. It includes material and production activities related to the transformation of nature, and socially transformative activities related to the transformation of society.
spiritual activity associated with a change in people's consciousness, the creation of scientific, artistic, moral values and ideas. It includes cognitive, value-oriented and prognostic activity.
cognitive activity reflects reality in a scientific and artistic form, as well as in myths, legends, religious teachings.
Value-oriented activity is the formation of a person's worldview and his attitude to the world around him.
predictive activity represents the foresight and conscious planning of changes in the existing reality.
There are various criteria activity classification:
- by objects and results of activity — the creation of wealth or cultural values;
- by subject of activity - individual and collective;
- by the nature of the activity - for example, reproductive or creative;
- for legal compliance - legal and illegal;
- according to moral standards - moral and immoral;
- in relation to social progress - progressive and reactionary;
- by areas of public life — economic, social, political, spiritual.
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH ACTIVITY.
MAIN FORMS OF ACTIVITY
Basic forms of human activity:
- A game- this is a special type of activity, the purpose of which is not the production of any material product, but the process itself - entertainment, recreation. The game, like art, offers a certain solution in a conditional sphere, which can be used in the future as a kind of model of the situation. The game makes it possible to simulate specific life situations.
- Doctrine- a type of activity, the purpose of which is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and abilities by a person. The peculiarities of the doctrine are that it serves as a means of psychological development of a person. teaching can be organized and unorganized (self-education).
- Communication- this is an activity in which there is an exchange of ideas and emotions (joy, surprise, anger, suffering, fear, etc.). According to the means used, the following types of communication are distinguished: direct and indirect, direct and indirect, verbal and non-verbal .
- Work- a type of activity that is aimed at achieving a practically useful result. Characteristic features of labor: expediency, focus on achieving a specific result, practical usefulness, transformation of the external environment.
Creation- this is a type of activity that generates something qualitatively new, which has never existed before. The most important mechanisms of creative activity are:
1) combining existing knowledge;
2) imagination, that is, the ability to create new sensory or mental images;
3) fantasy, which is characterized by the brightness and unusualness of the ideas and images created;
4) intuition - knowledge, the methods of obtaining which are not realized.
Establish a correspondence between the types of activities and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Question #17
Activity. Characteristics of the main activities..
Activity can be defined as a specific type of human activity aimed at the knowledge and creative transformation of the surrounding world, including oneself and the conditions of one's existence.
The structure of activity consists of the following components: Need → Motive → Goal → Means → Action → Result
Need- this is a need, dissatisfaction, a feeling of lack of something necessary for a normal existence. In order for a person to begin to act, an awareness of this need and its nature is necessary. Maslow divided needs into primary, or congenital, and secondary, or purchased.
motives - the internal motivating forces of a person, forcing him to engage in a particular activity.
Target - objects, phenomena, tasks and objects, the achievement and possession of which are significant for a person.
Any activity of a person is determined by the goals, tasks that he sets for himself. If there is no goal, then there is no activity. Goals can be near and far, personal and public, depending on how important they are for a person and what role his activity plays in public life.
A goal is that for which a person acts; motive is why a person acts.
Let's look at this from a college perspective. What is your goal? Why did you start studying? Why did you set a goal to graduate from college?
Usually, human activity is determined not by any one motive and one goal, but by a whole system of goals and motives - immediate, more and more general and distant.
It is important that a person sees not only immediate prospects, goals, but also distant ones - this gives strength to overcome difficulties.
As means of carrying out activities for a person are those tools that he uses, performing certain actions and operations.
The development of the means of activity leads to its improvement, as a result of which the activity becomes more productive and of high quality.
The activity consists of individual actions.
Actions are quite conscious when the goal is set and realized, the order and sequence of movements are outlined and the results of the action are assumed.
Little conscious actions produced under the influence of strong feelings, strong stimuli, often unexpected, they are called impulsive.
On the basis of practical actions arise mental actions - actions in the mind.
Result of activity- this is the final result, the state in which the need is satisfied (in whole or in part). For example, the result of study can be knowledge, skills, the result of labor - goods, the result of scientific activity - ideas and inventions. The result of the activity can be the person himself, because. in the course of activity it develops and changes.
Skills, skills and habits
Automated, consciously, semiconsciously and unconsciously controlled components of activity, respectively, skills, habits and habits.
Skills - these are ways of successfully performing an action that correspond to the goals and conditions of the activity. They always rely on knowledge.
Skills - these are fully automated, action components formed in the process of exercises.
Skills, unlike skills, are always based on active intellectual activity and necessarily include thinking processes.
Conscious intellectual control is the main thing that distinguishes skills from skills.
Skills and abilities are divided into several types: motor, cognitive, theoretical and practical.
Motor include a variety of movements, complex and simple, that make up the external, motor aspects of activity.
cognitive skills include abilities associated with the search, perception, memorization and processing of information.
Theoretical skills and abilities associated with abstract intelligence.
They are expressed in the ability of a person to analyze, generalize material, build hypotheses, theories, and translate information from one sign system to another. Such skills and abilities are most of all manifested in creative work related to obtaining an ideal product of thought.
Of great importance in the formation of all types of skills and abilities areexercises.
Thanks to them, the automation of skills, the improvement of skills, activities in general. Exercises are necessary both at the stage of developing skills and abilities, and in the process of their preservation. Without constant, systematic exercises, skills and abilities are usually lost, lose their qualities.
Another activity element is habit . It is based on the need.
Unlike a mere habit, a habit can be consciously controlled to a certain extent. But it differs from skill in that it is not always reasonable and useful (bad habits). Habits as elements of activity are the least flexible parts of it.
Activities
The main activities are: communication, educational, labor and play.
Communication is considered as a type of activity aimed at the exchange of information between communicating people.
In addition, the purpose of communication is to establish mutual understanding, good personal and business relations, provide mutual assistance and educational influence of people on each other.
This is the first type of activity that arose in the process of individual development of a person, followed by play, learning and work.
Communication can be direct And indirect,verbal And non-verbal.
At direct communication, people are in direct contact with each other, know and see each other, directly exchange verbal and non-verbal information, do not use any auxiliary means.
At indirect there is no direct communication between people. They exchange information either through other people or through means of recording and reproducing information (books, radio, television, telephone, telefax, etc.).
Labor - activities aimed at creating a socially useful product that satisfies the material and spiritual needs of people.
Labor occupies a special place in the system of human activity. It was thanks to labor that man built modern society, created objects of material and spiritual culture. With labor, first of all, the creation and improvement of tools of labor is connected.
Doctrine – the process of systematic mastery of knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the performance of labor activity.
teaching can be organized and carried out in special educational institutions.
It may be disorganized and occur along the way, in other activities as their side, additional result.
In adults, teaching can take on a character self-education.
The educational activity of the student is carried out under the guidance of the teacher.
The schoolboy's teaching wears developing character. As a result, the student not only acquires knowledge and skills, but he develops active, independent, creative thinking, broadens his horizons, develops observation, improves memory and attention.
Teaching wears nurturing character: in the process of learning, a personality is formed, such valuable traits as purposefulness, perseverance are formed, moral qualities are formed.
A game – a type of activity in conditional situations that imitate real ones, in which social experience is assimilated.
There are several types of games:
individual game represent a type of activity when one person is engaged in the game.
group game- includes several participants.
subject game associated with the inclusion of any objects in the game activity of a person.
role-playing game – in this game, children reproduce human relationships and roles.
games with rules regulated by a certain system of rules of behavior of their participants.
didactic games- this is a kind of games with rules, specially created by pedagogy for the purpose of teaching and educating children.
The relationships that develop between people in the game, as a rule, are artificial in the sense of the word that they are not taken seriously by others and are not the basis for conclusions about a person.
The game is of particular importance in the lives of children of preschool and primary school age.
The game is a means of learning about the world around children and preparing them for learning and work.
The game has great educational value. It prepares the child for creative work, activity, life.
The game satisfies not only the physical, but also the spiritual needs of the child.
With age, schoolchildren move on to sports games (football, hockey, volleyball, basketball). In a sports game, the rules are stricter. In addition, the moment of competition is of great importance in them. Sports games allow the player to take the initiative widely.
Man is a social being. He cannot fully develop without contact with other people. Only by constantly learning, we become stronger, gain access to the most hidden corners of our soul. Types of human activity are closely related to the understanding of one's predestination. The choice of a life path depends on the character, ambitions, living conditions, readiness to act, despite significant obstacles, that is, it is determined by external and internal components. With some effort, we have the opportunity to fully move forward.
Consider the main types of human activity. It is worth noting that not all of them will be manifested in the life of a particular individual, since much depends on the level of consciousness, on how much the person is ready to take responsibility. What types of human activities exist? Let's try to figure it out.
A game
It is a rather entertaining component, which certainly accompanies any development. The game as a kind of human activity deserves special attention. After all, it is with her that the active process of cognition of the surrounding world begins. Otherwise, it would hardly be possible to learn something, to prove oneself in the outside world. If you watch a child playing, you can notice one interesting feature: he models different situations that are of interest to him, solves important problems. A huge fantasy makes him come up with complex plot moves, his consciousness literally gushes with ideas.
Passion for the process of the game helps to get rid of disturbing thoughts, learn to look at the surrounding reality differently. This type of activity acts as a way of knowing the world through playing a variety of models and roles. The main feature is that in the game a person is not afraid to make decisions and acts intuitively, relying on his inner vision.
Communication
All types of human activity are closely interconnected. One cannot be imagined without the other. Interaction with others is as necessary as training, the opportunity to conduct research activities. Communication is a kind of human activity aimed at satisfying a deep need for recognition and understanding. Establishing warm relations is impossible without trust.
Education
Ideally, it should be carried out throughout life for effective self-improvement. Learning is a type of human activity aimed at obtaining new information, which later becomes our knowledge. In the process of acquiring new skills, a person improves his abilities, gets the opportunity to fully work on himself. A mature personality understands the need for such changes, since it is aimed at internal transformation. In childhood, learning means, first of all, the acquisition of new knowledge. A child needs to learn many subjects before he goes into adulthood.
In many cases, effective learning becomes a reason to become proud of your achievements. Here everyone will have individual merits. A distinctive feature is the fact that for the implementation of the learning process it is necessary to make efforts on your own, because knowledge will not appear by itself.
Physical work
For many, this activity is an indicator of a useful pastime. Many people are imbued with sincere respect for those individuals who are engaged in this activity. Physical labor in society is valued and encouraged. It is believed that such a person really honestly earns money and therefore can be considered noble. This type of activity is also necessary because it allows you to develop physically, to remain hardy. This is extremely important in our time of rapid development of hypodynamia. People who have chosen such an activity for themselves retain excellent physical shape for a long time, they can cope with any unforeseen situation, if only it requires strength and activity.
Brainwork
This activity is the lot of refined and intelligent people. As a rule, mental activity is chosen for themselves by those individuals who are focused on the performance of an intellectual task. This type of human activity largely determines scientific and social progress. The more a person is engaged, the sooner it develops in some kind of growth that is significant for itself. The development of thought occurs gradually, under the influence of certain components.
Mental labor has always been valued, especially in certain circles. The intellectual consciousness is a searching character that is constantly striving to come to an understanding of complex things. Concentrating on the main thing, it can become an amazing guide to the world of intellectual components. To engage in mental activity, you must have a certain temperament, constantly work on yourself. The more a person reads books, studies something, the more powerful he develops intellectually, and the sooner his possibilities expand.
The science
The propensity for research work largely determines the warehouse of character. Science is a kind of human activity that requires a developed analytical mind. This is a prerequisite. Otherwise, the activity will not have significant success. The main feature is that all conclusions and conclusions are made on the basis of logical components. Being engaged in scientific activity, it is necessary to prove something, relying on the theoretical approaches of scientists and their practical developments. Here one cannot simply draw conclusions if they are not supported by relevant knowledge. Science requires maximum clarity and precision. It is impossible to act at random without having an idea about the subject of your research. It is noteworthy that scientists, getting used to building complex conclusions, then begin to treat life as an ongoing chain of assumptions and conclusions. It is very difficult to get rid of such a worldview, making a decision based on a purely scientific approach. The point is that life is sometimes much more difficult than any research work.
Art
It is a type of human activity aimed at meeting the needs of the intelligentsia. The ability to understand works of art is an indicator of the development of aesthetic taste. Not everyone can appreciate real literary works, paintings by great masters and music. To do this, you need to have a refined worldview and at least an increased interest in a particular type of art. Such people are distinguished by exquisite taste, they often show additional talents. The main feature is that individuals who are fond of art often become so immersed in a fictional world that they stop noticing the surrounding reality.
Art always requires a certain dedication from a person. After all, such an activity would never have been able to develop if it had not been given enough time and attention. A person who is passionate about art always sacrifices something in order to do what he loves. As a rule, life always guides such people, helps them constantly feel the enduring meaning of their actions. They necessarily have a lofty goal that justifies and allows everything. They act not for the sake of money, but in the name of a bright idea.
Trade
A type of human activity that has flourished since ancient times. A person who has chosen trade for himself, as a rule, highly appreciates his own material wealth. He is able to assess the benefits and notice significant prospects in any situation. In most cases, people excel significantly in their chosen occupation if they have an inclination for it. Trade is an essential element of life. Such a person is distinguished by the fact that he is aimed at obtaining material goods and values. It is of great importance for him what clothes he wears, what he eats, how great his well-being is. Merchants in many matters act quite coolly and purposefully. They are not influenced by emotions and therefore achieve significant results faster. Representatives of other spheres could envy them with great enthusiasm.
Marketing
This direction, of course, originates from trade. Marketing is a kind of human activity, entirely aimed at obtaining material benefits. This area assumes that a person is able to understand complex issues, act based on their own long-term planning. Of great importance is such a thing as self-organization. Only by fully focusing on the task, you can solve it. Not without good planning. Marketing assumes that a person will act clearly and in accordance with the requirements of modern society.
A banal mistake can lead to irreparable consequences, so self-control, the ability to keep feelings under control, is extremely important here. Of course, not everyone succeeds. A successful marketer is one who is free from his own doubts and anxieties. The main distinguishing feature of such a person is self-confidence. After all, the ability to make decisions quickly really leads to success.
Creation
The need to create is inherent in each of us. Another question is whether the person is working on himself, whether he is ready to devote enough time and attention to his creativity. This activity requires not only great dedication, but also tremendous endurance and patience. Sometimes it takes a strong will to get things done. The creative path is never simple and easy. Sometimes a person needs to go through many trials in order to succeed. A person is forced to make maximum efforts, because only in this case he develops, becomes self-sufficient and self-confident.
Self improvement
It occupies a special position in the life of an individual. If we stop working on ourselves, it will be difficult for us to cope with our own emotions. Such a person begins to degrade over time, ceases to develop existing abilities. Self-improvement is an integral element of any activity. Whatever a person plans to do, he must definitely pay special attention to his inner world.
Working with feelings and emotions is very important. Thanks to her, we begin to become more aware of what is truly valuable in life.
Instead of a conclusion
Thus, the main types of human activity are labor, play, science or art, and each deserves special attention. It is important that the personality develops without fail, and does not stand still. This is facilitated by complete dedication.
Read the information
.
Activity human - a type of human activity aimed at the knowledge and creative transformation of the world around, including himself and the conditions of his existence.
The main activities are play, study, work.
A game- a type of unproductive activity, the purpose of which is entertainment, recreation, and not the production of material goods. Characteristic features of the game:
- existence of rules
- conditional situation
- use of replacement items
- goal - satisfaction of interest
- personal development (enrichment, necessary skills)
Teaching (study)- a type of human activity, as a result of which there is an acquisition of knowledge, skills, and mastery of the methods of action necessary for successful interaction with the world.
Teaching can be organized, unorganized, self-educational.
1. Organized learning - the learning process that is carried out in educational institutions.
2. Unorganized (informal) learning - a learning process that is carried out in other activities as their side, additional result.
3. Self-education - independent learning, the acquisition of systematic knowledge in any field of science, technology, culture, political life, etc., which implies the direct personal interest of the student in an organic combination with independent study of the material.
Educational activity is the most important condition for the development of human consciousness and its preparation for independent life in society. Continues to occupy a large place after graduation.
Essence - mastering the experience of previous generations. The result is the assimilation of values and norms of national culture.
Work- a type of human activity aimed at achieving certain goals, at preserving, modifying, adapting the environment to meet human needs.
Characteristic features of labor:
- expediency
- focus on achieving programmed, expected results
- skill, ability, knowledge
- practical utility
- getting a result
- personal development
- transformation of the human environment
The specific difference of labor from others from play and study is the creation of products useful for a person, both material and spiritual.
Scientists have developed the doctrine of activity , which is leading for each age period of a person's life, because
- that it is she who forms the most important personality traits at each age stage.
- that in its course all other types of activity develop during a person's life.
|
Age period |
Leading activity |
Related/additional activity |
|
Child before school |
Gradual learning and hard work |
|
|
Schoolboy |
Teaching (study) |
Labor, play in free time |
|
Teenager |
Communication (as many researchers believe) |
Teaching and new games |
|
Adult |
Study, play, socialize in your free time |
Consider examples teachings (study).
|
Organized | 1. Education in secondary educational institutions (schools). 2. Education in vocational schools (lyceums). 3. Education in higher educational institutions (universities, institutes, etc.). |
|
Unorganized (informal) | 1.Trainings - "Development of managerial skills", "The art of public speaking", etc. 2. Seminars - "Active sales", etc. 3.Consultations on various topics. 4. Courses Intensive courses “English. Conversational practice”, the course “WEB-design”, the course “Real estate agent (realtor)”, etc. |
|
self-education |
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was engaged in self-education: he learned to read and write early and by the age of 14 he had read all the books that he could get: Magnitsky's Arithmetic, Smotrytsky's Slavonic Grammar and Simeon Polotsky's Rhyme Psalter. In 1730 he went to Moscow and, hiding his origin, entered the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, where he received a good training in ancient languages and other humanities. He knew Latin perfectly, and was later recognized as one of the best Latinists in Europe. |
Let's complete online tasks(tests).
Used Books:
1. USE 2009. Social science. Reference book / O.V.Kishenkova. - M.: Eksmo, 2008. 2. Social science: Unified State Exam-2008: real tasks / ed. O.A. Kotova, T.E. Liskova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2008. 3. Social science: a complete reference book / P.A. Baranov, A.V. Vorontsov, S.V. Shevchenko; ed. P.A. Baranova. - M.: AST: Astrel; Vladimir: VKT, 2010. 4. Social science: profile. level: textbook. For 10 cells. general education Institutions / L.N. Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, N.M. Smirnova and others, ed. LN Bogolyubova and others - M.: Education, 2007. 5. Social science. Grade 10: textbook. for general education institutions: basic level / L.N. Bogolyubov, Yu.I. Averyanov, N.I. Gorodetskaya and others; ed. L.N. Bogolyubova; Ros. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment". 6th ed. - M.: Education, 2010.
Used Internet resources
Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia
