Yes, we are not of noble blood, but still we want to find in our appearance the features of the romantic heroine of Pushkin's poem "Eugene Onegin" - Tatyana Larina, to find in ourselves at least the slightest traces of a "pillar noblewoman". And, leafing through a family photo album, from the pages of which simple peasant faces look, you suddenly realize with sadness that this is impossible.
Of course, anything happens in our time: it happens that a newly-born countess comes out, shaking a bunch of papers with a family official seal as confirmation of a noble origin. At the same time, referring to the testimonies of the Grand Dukes from Paris, who are allegedly aware of her ancient family history. However, the “countess” is betrayed by a mere trifle: for example, ancient rings somehow look strange on the thick fingers of the “noblewoman”. And this, excuse me, is one of the external signs of a low, as they used to say, peasant family. In fact, the ladies from the highest noble society had five differences in appearance and behavior that separated them like a fence from commoners. And, having analyzed these signs on the shelves, we will once again be convinced that we are a “worker-peasant bone”.
face shape
A long pale face with a high clean forehead and expressive eyes, a thin line of eyebrows, a thin perfect nose, a narrow chin have always distinguished a real aristocrat from a simple crowd. And this ephemeral creature walked through the huge halls in search of the ideal of life, looking down on the servant, until it came across some prince. The future groom, and then the husband. Although it was not worth envying her: the prince could turn out to be an old man on wobbly legs, severely suffering from gout. But he was of noble blood and even a distant relative. It is the latter that sometimes served as the cause of genetic defects. As a result of such marriages, children were born weak and sick. It is no wonder that secular girls had frequent nervous attacks and their parents took them to Switzerland for long-term treatment. In general, there was a degeneration of the nobility, which, in addition, became poorer, selling land for next to nothing, mortgaging the last property in banks. However, Russian aristocrats were not allowed to perish by healthy and ruddy peasant girls. Therefore, you should not be sad if you are not the owner of a chiseled face, and a fresh blush, so to speak, blood with milk, only emphasizes a healthy complexion.
Hands
Graceful hands with thin fingers, as if created for playing the piano in moments of girlish melancholy, is another attribute attributed to aristocratic thoroughbredness. And this is already a little disappointing. Throwing a fleeting glance at your wide palms and by no means musical fingers, whose nails are far from the almond-shaped noble form, you sigh sadly to yourself: "Even a manicure does not save." And either it pleases, or it sometimes frustrates the wild desire to go to the native garden in the spring and plow everything there. Sometimes the craving for the land awakens peasant roots in us!
Posture
Elegance and grace of movements, straight posture, a look full of noble dignity, tall stature, breasts tucked into a corset, well-groomed and healthy hair flowing in waves over delicate and fragile shoulders are another significant difference between a girl from the upper class and a commoner. This is not a hip gait that you can learn in a couple of evenings. In truth, the art of mastering oneself, of teaching oneself at its best, was taught to young noblewomen from childhood. Note that it was a kind of strict drill, not tolerating the slightest blot. Believe me, Natasha Rostova was “trained” for the first ball by the whole noble family, from numerous aunts to a stern mother. Therefore, take a closer look at your posture - the habit of slouching, of course, can also speak of problems with the spine, and not at all about a peasant origin. Or maybe the first and second...
talkativeness
This sign, inherent in ladies from high society, can be called very ticklish. It characterizes, most likely, the behavior of a noblewoman, who, as it were, is within the framework of certain conventions developed over the centuries. However, in fact, she remains a woman to whom nothing human is alien. For example, gossip, intrigue, slander have always been food for many princesses, countesses and other titular persons when noisy evenings and balls were held. And sometimes a high-born lady, fanning herself with a fan, could, with a sweet smile on her face, say such disgusting things to someone in French that Lieutenant Rzhevsky would probably blush to the tips of his ears. Therefore, do not be surprised that one day your beloved guy gave you a joke for the sake of a miniature hatchet with the eloquent inscription "Do not chop off your shoulder!". He just meant the open peasant character of his girlfriend, who cuts the truth in the eyes, not caring about the consequences ... If you don’t know how to weave intrigues, and all the behind-the-scenes squabbles are disgusting to you, then yes, perhaps there were simple peasants in your family, who are used to telling the truth. And is it bad?
purposefulness
It was inherent, oddly enough, commoners. Aristocrats are ladies accustomed to comfort from the very cradle, and ordinary girls had to work hard to take their place under the sun. Credulity, complete ignorance of real life, caste isolation, when ordinary people were servants, fulfilling the whims of a noble lady, is another quality that characterizes a noblewoman. Perhaps it even somehow ennobles her, creating the impression that a girl or woman from high society seems to be hovering over our gray life, as if despising its boring problems. But our representatives of the weaker sex are very annoyed by this condition. And in them (you can't get anywhere!) the peasant suspicion, coming from the distant past, distrust of everything is still alive. Probably, this was due to the hard life of their ancestors, from morning dawn until late evening working on the manor's field. And, straightening their overworked backs, they sometimes watched with longing the noblewomen in white hats, carelessly driving around in elegant horse-drawn carriages ...
Love for work
And not only to the physical. Workaholism says that you are not afraid of any difficulties and do not shy away from work. Physical labor has never been the lot of noblewomen: we do not take into account the Decembrists who drank hard in Siberia. Otherwise, girls from the upper class learned the science of life in institutions such as the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens, where, despite strict rules, no one was burdened with work. And such educational institutions, say, were very different from the first Soviet courses, when, for example, Pasha Angelina, having learned to be a tractor driver, became twice a Hero of Socialist Labor. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that our modern girl can easily master any technique - a peasant grip is felt in her. And do not grieve about the absence of even a hint of nobility in your pedigree. Because this class was created by Tsar Peter from servicemen, often of low birth - sometimes from people without a family, without a tribe. And the girls in Russia, who captivate us today with their beauty, have always been in abundance. And, honestly, let's say that modern "peasant women" will still give odds to their rival noblewomen from a very distant past.
With those ideas about female beauty that existed in that era. These ideas were fundamentally different from those that are now.
"Blue blood" of the Middle Ages
Modern fashionistas spend on the beach and even visit solariums to get the coveted "bronze tan". Such a desire would have surprised medieval noble ladies, and knights too. In those days, snow-white skin was considered the ideal of beauty, so beauties tried their skin from sunburn.
Of course, only noble ladies had such an opportunity. The peasant women were not up to beauty, they worked all day in the field, so that they were provided with a tan. This is especially true for countries with a hot climate - Spain, France. However, even in England, the climate until the XIV century was quite warm. The presence of tan among peasant women even more made the representatives of the feudal class proud of their white skin, because it emphasized their belonging to the ruling class.
On pale and tanned skin, veins are different. In a tanned person, they are dark, and in a person with pale skin, they really look blue, as if blue blood flows in them (after all, the people of the Middle Ages did not know anything about the laws of optics). Thus, the aristocrats, with their snow-white skin and "blue" blood vessels showing through it, opposed themselves to the commoners.
The Spanish nobility had another reason for such a confrontation. Dark skin, on which the veins cannot look blue, was the hallmark of the Moors, against whose dominion the Spaniards fought for seven centuries. Of course, the Spaniards put themselves above the Moors, because they were conquerors and infidels. For the Spanish nobleman, it was a matter of pride that none of his ancestors intermarried with the Moors, did not mix their "blue" blood with Moorish.
Blue blood exists
And yet, the owners of blue and even dark blue blood exist on planet Earth. Of course, these are not descendants of ancient noble families. They don't belong to the human race at all. We are talking about molluscs and some classes of arthropods.
The blood of these animals contains a special substance - hemocyanin. It performs the same function as hemoglobin in other animals, including humans - the transport of oxygen. Both substances have the same property: they easily combine with oxygen when there is a lot of it, and easily give it away when there is little oxygen. But the hemoglobin molecule contains iron, which makes the blood red, and the hemocyanin molecule contains copper, which makes the blood blue.
And yet, the ability to saturate with oxygen in hemoglobin is three times higher than that of hemocyanin, so red blood, not blue, won the “evolutionary race”.
Everyone has heard about the aristocratic appearance. Many can even say with certainty whether it is present in a particular person. But few people are able to give this concept an exact definition. No wonder, because even modern sociologists, until very recently, could not do this. However, after several years of research, a more or less accurate definition of the concept of "aristocratic appearance" was nevertheless singled out. Of course, there are still disagreements and inaccuracies in it, but this is only a matter of time. And now all those who are interested can satisfy their curiosity and find out what it is - the appearance of an aristocrat?
Myths about nobles
It should immediately be noted that not all people of noble birth have a noble appearance. On the contrary - often the most great and "well-born" representatives of the human race often have the most ordinary appearance, often even with some deformities. The reason for this is the concern for the so-called "purity of blood", because of which a couple for the bride or groom could be selected not for reasons of health, and even more so appearance, but for the fame of the family. At times, related marriages were also concluded, which, of course, had a negative effect on the children born in them.
Aristocratic appearance: signs
Nowadays, nobility and sophistication can be found in a variety of people. The main features of an aristocratic appearance are as follows:
Behavior
But, of course, an aristocratic appearance is created not only by the above signs, but also by the manner in which one behaves. True nobility is given to a person only by a straight posture, a proudly raised head, a direct look, grace of movements and politeness.
"Moon Features"
Like any other desire for the best, aristocracy had its drawbacks. So, for quite a long time, "lunar features" were extremely popular - fullness, combined with huge pale eyes, a too thin face with a rounded shape. But, contrary to most opinion, this was not a breakthrough and not the result of carefully calculated marriages, but a genetic defect that arose as a result of sexual relations between close relatives.
Bastards
Surprisingly, some people, even in those ancient times, understood that excessive pallor, weakness and obvious inability to do physical work are not good, and sought to bring "fresh" blood into their family, entering into intimate contact with people of "lower" origin. . Thus, bastards appeared - nobles, whose aristocratic appearance baffled many. Well, if a well-known parent recognized such descendants, then they qualitatively improved their kind.
The noble way of life has always been considered privileged: land, a decent salary, a luxurious life that is inaccessible to peasants. After the revolution, the aristocrats, who did not have time to flee abroad, lost everything they had, and their descendants are often unaware of their noble origin. How to find out if you belong to a noble noble family? In this article, we have collected five signs that can indirectly confirm your noble origin.
Pale skin and blue blood
While the peasants worked in the fields from morning to night to feed their families and a few livestock, the nobles held balls and dinner parties. The skin of the peasants gradually darkened in the sun, became rough and wrinkled. The nobles' skin had a light shade all year round - in the heat they escaped in the shade of luxurious gardens, they preferred to arrange balls in the evening. Nobles with dark skin from birth resorted to drastic measures: they bleached it with flour and other powders, which became the prototypes of modern powder.From pale skin, we smoothly move on to “blue” blood. Why did the expression "blue-blooded man" come into use? It's simple: the thinner and lighter the skin, the more clearly blue veins appear through it.
So, if you have noted your constant pallor and emerging wreaths on your face and neck, it's time to think about the fact that you belong to a noble family.
Thin long fingers
In every noble house there was always a piano, or even two. Music teachers came to noble girls and boys from an early age. Together they learned new etudes, which were then played by obedient children at the request of their parents at balls and parties. Playing the piano formed long graceful fingers in children. The peasants, due to exhausting work, could not boast of beautiful hands: they constantly worked on the ground, because their fingers were short, and the skin on them was rough and cracked. 
Stretch your arms forward and see how proportional the palm looks in relation to the fingers. If the fingers are long and thin, then it is likely that your great-great-grandmother was a noblewoman.
Straight posture
Daily work in the fields made the peasants hunched people with bad posture and a constantly stiff back. Nobles, on the contrary, were taught to walk beautifully and correctly from childhood. This was especially true for girls: in etiquette lessons, they studied the correct gait and often trained, parading around the hall with books on their heads to exhaustion. A girl from a noble family simply had to be able to present herself beautifully: a gait from the hip, a slightly upturned nose and a raised chin. The noblewoman was still distinguished from the peasant woman by the so-called “swan neck”. 
To determine if you belong to the nobility on this basis, stand in front of a mirror and take a good look at yourself in profile. It is important whether you keep your back straight in a natural position, what head position you choose while walking and talking.
small foot
Noble girls most often had small, neat feet. Remember the fairy tale about the long-suffering Cinderella? In the days of the nobility, there were a lot of such “Cinderellas” among the noblewomen. They were betrayed by fragility and elegance, and this applied to absolutely everything - from the face and hands to the shape and shape of the foot. Fortunately, wearing shoes 1-2 sizes smaller and bandaging the feet, as they did in China, did not reach, and the difference in foot length was explained, rather, by lifestyle. The peasants did not ride in carriages and horses, but spent the whole day on their feet. Their feet became wide, and the size of their legs increased. So it turned out that with the same height, the noblewomen had a smaller size than the peasant women. 
If you have a small foot - size 35-37 - it is likely that among your relatives there was one who could afford sophisticated heeled shoes several centuries ago.
talkativeness
Noble persons have always been distinguished by talkativeness. In childhood, they received a lot of knowledge, read a lot and therefore were considered interesting interlocutors. And regular balls and dinner parties served as a unique chance to show off intellect, to demonstrate this erudition to others. This was especially true for girls who wanted to get married. In those days, enviable suitors were demanding of their future wives, and in addition to external beauty, they appreciated the ability to maintain a secular conversation. True, there was also the other side of the coin: excessive talkativeness betrayed a narrow-minded, ignorant person. Quarrels, intrigues and gossip were often born in those situations where the girls did not know how to "keep their mouths shut." 
Think about whether you can be called a talkative person, and critically evaluate how much you like to gossip behind the backs of friends and relatives.
Of course, it’s not entirely correct to speculate about ancestors by external signs - who knows what trick genetics threw out when you were in the mother’s womb. And the main thing for an aristocrat is still not appearance, but manners. We have no doubt that you know modern etiquette, but for the sake of fun, we invite you to take a test on noble etiquette and find out if you would be accepted as one of your own in the secular society of Russia in the 19th century.
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Anyone who has ever heard the history of the kings and aristocracy of Europe, met the interesting combination of "blue blood". What did the ancestors mean by these words, does it exist in nature and how to relate to such a phenomenon?
Representative of royal blood
What is blood?
Blood is the most important fluid in the body. It transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells, removes waste, makes the internal organs function. In each human body, it performs the same tasks, but it is not the same.
According to the popular AB0 system, blood is divided into four groups, according to the combination of antigens and antibodies.
- The first, common species, which has no antigens and, if necessary, is transferred to another group.
- The second, with antigen A, is only suitable for subtypes with corresponding antibodies.
- Third, with B antigen and matching antibodies
- Fourth, rare, in which both antigens are present, but there are no antibodies.
To understand what blue blood is, what type of blood belongs to this phrase, you also need the Rh factor. It is a protein on the surface of red blood cells. Depending on whether it is or not, Rh is positive or negative. The royal indicator is Rh negative for several reasons.
The concept of group and rhesus Where did the concept of "blue blood" come from?
The phrase itself originated in medieval Europe. Only it was not about the essence of such a liquid, the blue blood type did not exist, since there was no division into groups. Blood groups were discovered in the 19th century. This concept meant the aristocratic whiteness of the skin, which gave off some cyanosis due to the veins approaching the surface of the skin.
"Dirty" blood was considered a mixture with residents of non-European countries, people with a skin color that was different from white. The more tanned skin, the less visible the "blueness of the blood", and the rank of such a person in society is lower.
Are there people with blue blood?
When blue blood is remembered in a person, the blood type does not always matter, because there are people who have a liquid of this shade. There are few of them on the planet, scientists are inclined to believe that there are several thousand of them and they call such people kyanetics.
There are few people with blue blood This is explained simply - in the erythrocytes of such representatives of humanity, a blue pigment, which gives the liquid an appropriate shade. As a result, their blood is purple with a bluish tinge. In medicine, this is not considered a pathology, since it does not affect the life of the carrier in any way. The difference with ordinary red blood is insignificant and has a positive character:
- Such people cannot get sick with a number of common blood diseases due to the copper in them.
- They have improved blood clotting, which allows you to quickly stop bleeding.
Being a representative of kyanetics is a rarity. This parameter is not inherited, it is not clear to doctors why this happens, therefore this phenomenon is considered unique.
What groups are called blue?
The concept of "royal blood type" is a thing of the distant past. At the moment, this phrase means several opposite meanings. There are superstitions that almost every subspecies is called blue.
It is possible to figure out which blood group is considered blue only on the basis of a certain “calculus system”. In China, they developed a similarity to a horoscope, only according to a subspecies of blood, and endowed each with special features. Under different conditions, blue is called a different group. According to this criterion, a job or engagement may be denied, because the leaders or parents did not like the forecast compiled according to such an unusual “horoscope”.
Let's take a look at the two main meanings attached to this phrase and the reasons why these groups are special.
fourth negative
A truly golden can be called the fourth negative blood type. In the AB0 system, it occupies the last place and has two antigens, both A. and B, without antibodies. The special status is due to several factors:
- The rarest and occurs in 8% of the population. The fourth positive is more common, so the negative Rh in this subspecies is recognized as the most peculiar.
- Formed not as a result of evolution, but by mixing two other groups - the second and third.
- Doesn't suit anyone. Such a group can only be transfused to people with a fourth negative subspecies and no one else. This makes it quite rare at donor sites, which creates problems when a transfusion is urgently needed.
Feature 4 groups Bleeding with such a group can be fatal, as it is almost impossible to quickly find a suitable species.
First negative
The golden blood group for many doctors is the first negative. In the AB system, null takes the first place and has both antibodies without antigens. This makes it a universal donor material. The absence of lipoprotein protein, which is the Rh factor, allows it to be transfused to any recipient. This can be done due to the lack of an immune response to the protein.
Characteristics of group 1 This subspecies of blood is attributed to royal because of its versatility, however, in modern medicine it is customary for each recipient to transfuse his group. This is due to better compatibility and easier adaptation of the injected fluid. In case of urgent need, for example: during epidemics, after mass accidents or natural disasters, the first negative is actively entering in order to save as many lives as possible.
Racism and blue blood
Having figured out what blue blood is, what blood group and Rh can belong to it, it is worth saying that, in essence, this mobile connective fluid has the same functionality for any person. Does the same job, and the currently outdated grotesque concept of "aristocratic blue blood" has sunk into oblivion, equalizing all people. This is important to overcome psychological barriers and racism based on the color of the skin of people in different regions of the world.
At the moment, in the scientific world, positive meanings are invested in this concept, referring to the rare fourth and universal first negative groups to blue blood. However, the European race remained somewhat snobbish about this, which led to the emergence of fascist theory and the Hitler campaign. Many altruists around the world hope that the concept of "blue blood" in the racist sense will finally become a thing of the past after the lesson and the victims of the Second World War.
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