What kind of Kazakhs does the surname Sergazin belong to? Kazakh surnames

How often do you meet people of the same name? Personally, I've met at most a couple of times. I think that I would have met them more often in Russia. Why would I? The thing is that the other day the press service of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan reported that the most common surnames in the country were the surnames Akhmetov, Omarov and Kim.

In first place in popularity was the surname Akhmetov (Akhmetova), there were 73,627 people with this surname. The second most common surname was Omarov (Omarova) - 45,123 people. And finally, people with the surname Kim close the top three among common surnames, of which there are 42,274. In fourth place are 41,068 Ospanovs, and in fifth - 39,296 Ivanovs. Further, the list looks like this: Aliyevs - 36,084, Suleimenovs - 33,940, Iskakovs, Abrakhmanovs, Kalievs, Sadykovs, the Ibraevs close the top ten, there are 26,531 of them. The list of the most common surnames also included the Kuznetsovs, Popovs, Nurgalievs, Sultanovs, Karimovs, Smagulovs, Yusupovs, Li, Tsoi, Bolat, Bondarenko and Kusainovs.

Surprisingly, the most common surname in the world is Lee. There are more than 100 million of them on the planet. The main part of the owners of this surname lives in China, where they are almost 8% of the total population. There are many Lee surnames in Vietnam.

Have you met your peers?

The ancient Kazakhs had only a name, and after some time some word was added to it, characterizing it. For example, Bogenbai was a batyr, which means he was called Bogenbai-batyr, Bukhar was a great zhyrau, which means Bukhar-zhyrau, or Baluan-sholak, from the fact that he was a sholak - without a hand, that is, their social status gave them a full name.

• 1 Generic name (ru/el)
  • 1.1 El - people
  • 1.2 Ru - genus
• 2 Tsarist time
• 3 Soviet times
• 4 Present time
• 5 China and Mongolia
• 6 Frequency
• 7 See also
• 8 Notes
• 9 Literature

Generic name (ru/el)

Generic names were abolished during the Soviet era to combat tribalism and aristocracy, and surnames were introduced instead. At present, generic names have an unofficial circulation and, as a rule, are communicated only to close people.

The generic name consists of RU(genus) and from ate(people). The exception is the descendants of Genghis Khan - Genghisides, called tore(ruler / tore-tor ie: literally the one who is the owner of the tora (tor - place of honor)), and the descendants of the Central Asian Arabs, called Khoja or leather(қzhayyn - the owner, by the way, it passed into the Russian language from the Turkic).

The full name in the Middle Ages sounded like Kara Kypshak Kobylandy Batyr. (Subgenus Genus Name Title)

El - people

Ate(people, read: spruce) - the name of a real-life people who once became part of the Kazakh Khanate, and which was mentioned in the chronicles as a separate people, for example, Kypchaks, Uysuns, Naimans. However, one should not confuse the word El/ru(people) with words halyk(population, people, inhabitants of the country), ult(nation) and Bukhara halyk(common people, common people, Bukhara). The same ate/ru may be part of several Turkic peoples, and some ate/ru are also part of the Mongols, this circumstance is explained by the common origin of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples from the same tribes.

Ru - genus

RU(genus or clan) - the name of the genus included in ate. With a short naming of the generic name RU omitted and called only ate. With full naming RU called the first, for example, Kara Kypshak, Sary Uisin or Shekty Alimuly.

Tsarist time

Due to the fact that family names were not officially considered surnames, back in tsarist times, when Kazakhs were enrolled in educational institutions, they were given surnames, usually derived from the name of their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. So, Chokan, who is a direct descendant of Genghis Khan, received the surname not Tore and not Chingiz, but Ualikhanov, after the name of his grandfather Uali Khan. And the patronymic at the same time was assigned to him by his father Chingizovich. Which also coincides with the name of the ancestor - Genghis Khan, which causes certain parallels with the surname Rurikovich - given by the name of the founder of the Rurik dynasty.

When married, the maiden name is usually retained, by analogy with the family name, which never changes.

After the establishment of Soviet power, the mass appropriation of a Russian-style surname began with the ending -ov, -ev, -in to the name of the father or grandfather.

Present time

Now there are two options for assigning a surname to a child. First, the child inherits the surname from the father. The second - the child's surname is formed from the name of the paternal grandfather. For example, the son of Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin, named Dosken, may receive the full name Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin or Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov, depending on the choice of the parents. In Kazakh it sounds like this: Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin - Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan (ov).

Dosken Bakhytuly, or Dosken Bakhyt. Many Kazakhs at this time are written in certificates, mostly oralmans, and before joining the Russian Empire, the Kazakhs called each other that way. Also, sometimes in the documents in the “surname” column they write the patronymic as the last name, and the “patronymic” column remains empty.

In addition, there is now a tendency to replace the endings -ov and -ev with “tags” (kaz. tegi), which literally means “from the clan”, but in modern Kazakh terminology it means a surname and therefore the Ministry of Justice has banned this practice. There were also unsuccessful attempts to replace -ov, -ev with the word "urpagy" (literally "descendant").

According to the existing rules, those who wish to remove the ending -ov (s) from their surname are offered two options for changing the surname. The first option is to leave the root of the surname, but remove the ov (-ev), and the second is to add the words "kyzy" (daughter), "uly" (son) to the surname. It is also forbidden to take an abbreviated version of the name of the grandfather or father as a surname.

A rare form of the surname is with the Arabic ending -i: Akim Tarazi (Akim from Taraz).

In China and Mongolia

There are other options as well. For example, oralmans from China may not have a surname or patronymic. This causes difficulties in obtaining citizenship of Kazakhstan.

Frequency

List of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan according to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014. Non-Kazakh surnames are in italics.

1. Akhmetov - 73 627
2. Lobsters - 45 123
3. Kim - 42 274
4. Ospanov - 41 068
5. Ivanov - 39 296
6. Aliyev - 36 084
7. Suleimenov - 33 940
8. Iskakov - 31 988
9. Abdrakhmanov - 29 091
10. Ibragimov - 28 755
11. Kaliev - 28 219
12. Sadykov - 27 810
13. Ibraev - 26 531
14. Kuznetsov - 25 990
15. Popov - 24 956
16. Smagulov - 24 005
17. Abdullaev - 23 729
18. Isaev - 22 910
19. Sultanov - 22 808
20. Yusupov - 22,763
21. Ismailov - 21 392
22. Nurgaliev - 21 133
23. Karimov - 20,575
24. Serik - 19 550
25. Lee - 17 049
26. Choi - 12 088
27. Amangeldy - 15 125
28. Bolat - 11 234
29. Bondarenko - 10 648
30. Marat - 10 417
31. Serikbay - 10 193
32. Murat - 10 006
33. Kusainov - 10 103

see also

• Kazakh name

Notes

1. Citizens of Kazakhstan who want to get rid of the suffixes "ov" and "ev" in their surnames face many problems
2. Almaty resident Daniyar Nauryzbaev cannot change his surname for two years
3. Akim Tarazi: music always sounds to my soul
4. Literary portal - authors - Tarazi Akim
5. Oralmans from China are in trouble to restore their surnames
6. The most common surnames in Kazakhstan became known - Society News - Mail.Ru News

Literature

• To the problem of the evolution of Kazakh surnames: for or against
• Kazakh surnames
• The Ministry of Justice clarified the rules for writing Kazakh surnames
• 90 percent of Kazakh names and surnames in documents are written with errors
• Kazakhstan proposes to change the spelling of Russian surnames
• How to write Kazakh names and surnames in Russian?
• Philologists propose to put things in order in the passports of Kazakhstanis
• Official proposes to ban Kazakhs from inventing new names
• Kazakh surnames will be written according to a single pattern with "uly" and "kyzy"
• The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan explained why the endings of Kazakh surnames cannot be replaced with -tegi

And in Soviet times, there were instructions for writing Kazakh names and surnames in Russian, but they distorted some names radically. But now there has already been discord in the Kazakh language itself, especially in the endings of surnames. Experts do not know what to recommend here in individual cases.

Newborn Kazakh. Illustrative photo.

One of my acquaintances has four people in his family, and they all have different surnames. Father - was Dzhanbulatov, but now he is Zhanbulat, his wife remained Dzhanbulatova. The eldest son is Zhanbulatov, the younger son is already recorded as Zhanbolat. And many of us can give such examples.

Such onomastic problems arose long ago, experts differ in strategic approaches to solving this problem of a national scale. The leaders of the creative intelligentsia and some influential politicians are also divisive, changing the spelling of their names and surnames to suit their own deeply personal considerations about the image or something else.

But he himself today admitted that these dictionaries of his are outdated:

- The purpose of today's event is to develop a unified methodology. Meanwhile, the linguists sitting at the table are now arguing among themselves over the correct spelling of names. That is, we still do not have a single developed base.

Zauresh Kusainova, head of the registry office of Almaty, spoke about the need for dictionaries or computer databases, from which a citizen, when applying to the registry office, could choose the correct spelling from several options. Sherubai Kurmanbayuly, chairman of the language committee of the Ministry of Culture, says that the instruction will be approved very soon and brought to official institutions.

And what would you add to this instruction, our dear reader? How to write compound names, such as Kasymzhomart or Kasym-Jomart, Alfarabi or Al-Farabi? Should Kazakh surnames have a single ending with a national, so to speak, color, and without division into male and female gender?

A list of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan has been published, indicating the number of carriers for each of these surnames. This information was provided by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has the most up-to-date and most reliable data both on the composition of the surnames of Kazakhstanis and on the frequency of each surname.

As you can see, there are 33 names on the list. The total number of Kazakhstanis of both sexes with these surnames is 840,480. As of January 1, 2014, 17,165,200 people lived in Kazakhstan. A simple calculation shows that 4.8% of the inhabitants of Kazakhstan have these 33 surnames. That is, almost every twentieth citizen of Kazakhstan has one of these 33 surnames.

The given composition of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan reflects the multi-ethnic composition of the country's population. We see surnames characteristic of the Kazakhs and some other Turkic peoples, for Russians, Koreans, Ukrainians. At the same time, there is no unambiguous correspondence between the surnames and the ethnicity of the bearers of the surnames. The same surnames can be found among different ethnic groups. We can only say that this or that surname is more characteristic of this or that people. Why is this happening?

One of the reasons that the same surnames are found among different peoples is the common ways in which family name systems are formed. Thus, it is known that among the Turkic peoples of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, who lived on the territory of the former USSR, the mass formation of surnames dates back to the late 20s - early 30s. last century. At the same time, in most cases, surnames were formed using Russian family suffixes -ov / -ev, -in from personal names (grandfather or father). And since the composition of personal names among the Muslim Turks of the region largely coincides, this led to the appearance of the same surnames among the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrgyz, Uighurs, Karakalpaks.

If we can say that in Kazakhstan, for example, surnames Akhmetov, Smagulov, Nurgaliev are found mainly among Kazakhs, then the structure of the national composition of carriers of surnames Aliyev, Ibragimov, Ismailov, Karimov, Yusupov more difficult. There are not only Kazakhs with these surnames, but also Uzbeks, Uighurs, Azerbaijanis.

Surname Ivanov, traditionally considered typically Russian (along with the surnames Petrov And Sidorov), upon closer examination of its functioning, it turns out to be not so Russian. Among its bearers, one can meet Mordovians, Chuvashs, Yakuts, and other non-Russian Orthodox, among whom the name has been used for naming since ancient times. Ivan to which the basis of the surname goes back Ivanov.

By the way, in Russia itself the surname Ivanov does not lead everywhere. Researcher V. A. Nikonov identified regions where one of the four surnames predominates - Ivanov, Popov, Kuznetsov, Smirnov. Surname Ivanov prevails in the north-west of the Russian Federation: Novgorod, Leningrad, Kalinin regions (except for the eastern part), partly Smolensk. In the north of Russia, the most common surname is Popov. Kuznetsov- the most frequent in a huge strip south and east of Moscow - from the Upper Oka to the Middle Volga.

In Kazakhstan, as we see, of the most frequent Russian surnames, the leader is Ivanov, far ahead of the names Kuznetsov And Popov(the number of carriers of these two surnames is not much different). It can be assumed that the frequency characteristics of surnames Ivanov, Kuznetsov And Popov are the migration flows that were in the past. Obviously, more people moved with the territory where the surname was in the lead Ivanov.

It is very difficult to say who is the nationality of a person by last name Isaev, if we know nothing but his last name. Surname Isaev both Muslims and Orthodox have it. In the first case, it goes back to the Muslim name Isa, which can be found among the Kazakhs and other Muslim peoples (and not only among the Turks, but also among the Chechens, the Ingush). Orthodox (Russian and other peoples) have a surname Isaev goes back to a male name Isaiah(in the Orthodox calendar it is in the form Isaiah it is noted by several Orthodox saints). But here is the Muslim name Isa, and Orthodox Isaiah ascend to the same Hebrew root, which in some cases is translated as "the salvation of (God) Yahweh", in others - as "God's mercy)".

Another reason for the coincidence of surnames among different peoples in Kazakhstan is interethnic marriages, which led to a certain confusion of family name systems. For example, in a family in which the father is Korean and the mother is Russian, the child can indicate either the nationality of the father or the mother when receiving a passport. As a result, people with Russian (according to their passport) nationality may have typical Korean surnames Kim, Choi, Lee, etc.

Another reason leading to the coincidence of surnames among different peoples is the borrowing in the past of words or names that underlie modern surnames. So, in the "Experience of the Dictionary of Russian Surnames" by V. A. Nikonov, among 2400 surnames with the letter A, there are quite a few that have a clearly non-Russian appearance. For example, Abasov, Abduvaliev, Abduzhaparov, Abdukadyrov, Abdukarimov, Abdulaev, Aliev, Akhmatov, Akhmedzhanov, Akhmedov, Akhmetov and others. At the basis of these surnames, documented among Russian people, one can clearly guess the personal names brought by Islam.

Place of surname Kim the table above needs an explanation. According to estimates at the beginning of 2014, Koreans in Kazakhstan are in eighth place in terms of numbers (after Kazakhs, Russians, Uzbeks, Ukrainians, Uighurs, Tatars and Germans) - a total of 105,400 people. But here is a Korean surname Kim in Kazakhstan, among all residents, it ranks third! This may seem strange, but it is quite understandable.

A feature of the family name system of Koreans is a small number of surnames, which also tends to decrease. So, according to the Korean encyclopedia "Munkhon bigo", at the beginning of the 20th century. In Korea, there were 498 surnames. The Korean encyclopedia Taebukwa Sajong (Seoul, 1958–1959) lists about 200 Korean surnames. For comparison: the number of different surnames among Russians, according to researchers, is not less than 100 thousand.

According to this feature of the family name system of Koreans, the number of carriers of the most frequent surnames is higher in percentage terms than the number of carriers of the most frequent surnames of those peoples who use a significantly larger number of different surnames. Under certain demographic conditions, the most common Korean surname in the national rankings may be higher than the most common surnames of other nationalities. What we see in Kazakhstan at the moment. It is noteworthy that the list of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan includes two other Korean surnames - Lee And Choi.

Thus, the specific place of a surname in the national frequency rating of surnames is also determined by the frequency structure of national surname systems. The frequency structure of the surname system is determined by the number of different surnames of an ethnic group and the number of representatives of this ethnic group. Koreans have one frequency structure of the surname system, other nations have a different one. That is why there is not a single German surname among the most common surnames of Kazakhstanis, although according to census data, there are slightly more Germans in Kazakhstan than Koreans. It's just that the Germans have a much larger number of different surnames than the Koreans. Accordingly, the frequency structure of the system of surnames is also different. The frequency of the most frequent German surname is also less than that of the most frequent Korean.

The most common Korean surnames in Korea are Kim, Lee, Park. As you can see, among Kazakh Koreans, two of these three surnames are also in the lead. And here is the last name Choi more common than Pack. Obviously, this is one of the differences between the family names of Kazakh Koreans and the family names of Koreans from Korea.

In the ranking of the most common surnames of Kazakhstanis, there is also a Ukrainian surname in terms of morphological type Bondarenko. In Ukraine itself, according to the State database of adult Ukrainians (as of 2013), this surname is only in fifth place. Above it are the names Kovalenko, Boyko, Shevchenko, Melnik. From this it follows that the frequency structure of the system of surnames of Ukrainians in Kazakhstan differs from the frequency structure of the system of surnames of Ukrainians in Ukraine.

The distribution of surnames in the rating by frequency changes over time. Against the background of a number of demographic processes, these changes are significant. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, this rating, if it had been published then, would have been somewhat different. For 23 years, as a result of migration processes, the demographic situation in Kazakhstan has changed dramatically. There was a noticeable outflow of Russians and Germans. The proportion of Kazakhs has significantly increased (including due to the return of oralmans to the country). Probably, 23 years ago, there would have been more Russian surnames in a similar rating, and there would have been German ones.

The above rating of surnames also shows the changes in the system of Kazakh surnames that have occurred over the past 23 years. In Soviet times, almost all the surnames of the Kazakhs were decorated with suffixes of Russian surnames. But after the Kazakhs were allowed to be named in accordance with national traditions, many refused to use Russian family suffixes. Accordingly, among the 33 most common surnames of Kazakhstanis, we see such Kazakh surnames as Serik, Amangeldi, Bolat, Marat, Serikbay, Murat, formally not different from male personal names. It must be assumed that over time, the share of surnames of this morphological type in the ranking of the most private surnames in Kazakhstan will increase.

The study of surnames, their history and current state is dealt with by anthroponymy - a section of onomastics, which can be considered both a part of linguistics and a part of history, depending on the aspect of considering surnames.

Usually, surnames are considered with reference to a specific nationality - the surnames of Germans, the surnames of Russians, the surnames of Kazakhs, etc. Since surnames are regionally and socially determined, studies of surnames tied to a specific region or social group within the boundaries of residence are considered more scientifically justified ethnos. Generalizing works on the surnames of ethnic groups are possible only after conducting research on regions and social groups.

The above statistics of the most common surnames in Kazakhstan is interesting for ordinary people, but for scientific purposes it is practically useless, as it lumps together heterogeneous elements (that is, family systems of different peoples). For the researcher, statistical data on the names of specific ethnic groups are more valuable - for Kazakhs, Russians, Koreans, Ukrainians, Germans, etc.

© Alois Nazarov

Interactive map of Kazakhstan

History of Kazakh surnames.

In ancient times, the Kazakhs had only a name. Later, a word was added to the name, which somehow characterized the person. For example, Batykhai-batyr (Batykhai-warrior), Chotar-sholak (Chotar-armless). Particular importance was attached to the name of the genus, which consisted of several components. After the merger of the Kazakhs with the Russian Empire, history of Kazakh surnames in the modern sense. Russian officials, as a rule, gave Kazakhs surnames after their father, grandfather or great-grandfather. At the same time, they strictly followed the instructions not to allow any hint of the nobility of the family. Even a direct descendant of Genghis Khan could get the surname Valikhanov, which does not say anything, except for pointing to the name of the father - Valikhan. Before the revolution dictionary of Kazakh surnames was rather scarce, since hereditary names were given only to those Kazakhs who either entered the civil service or went to study at educational institutions. In Soviet times, the process of formation Kazakh surnames became massive, meaning was still associated with the names of ancestors.

Different formation of Kazakh surnames.

If you look at the list of Kazakh surnames in alphabetical order, you can see that they are formed with the help of Russian endings -ov, -ev, -in, Kazakh particles -uly, -kyzy, Persian ending -i. Linguists consider such education to be incorrect, since it does not correspond to the traditional norms of the Kazakh language, makes Kazakh surnames unrecognizable and makes it difficult for them interpretation. In addition, some people began to write their surnames in two words - Kuanysh-Baev or Kudai-Bergenov, and someone attributes the area and clan to their surname. In a word, such a variety of options leads to confusion in documents and becomes a cause of dissatisfaction of citizens if their names are distorted.

Features of naming a child.

Now in Kazakhstan there are two options for assigning a surname to a newborn. At the request of the parents, he may be given the father's surname or a new surname formed from the name of his paternal grandfather. For example, Bakhyt Aslanovich Mustafin had a son, Dosken. He can become both Dosken Bakhytovich Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytovich Aslanov. In the Kazakh version, these names sound like Dosken Bakhytuly Mustafin and Dosken Bakhytuly Aslan. Declination of Kazakh surnames with Russian endings occurs according to the rules of the Russian language. Adherents of national traditions in the Kazakh nominal formula suggest writing all Kazakh surnames only with the addition of -uly and -kyzy, so that the nationality of the bearer of the surname is immediately clear.

Top Kazakh surnames shows which surnames are currently considered the most common and popular.