What is the origin of Oblomov.   test

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Characteristics of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov very ambiguous. Goncharov created it complex and mysterious. Oblomov separates himself from the outside world, fences himself off from it. Even his dwelling bears little resemblance to habitation.

From early childhood, he saw a similar example among his relatives, who also fenced themselves off from the outside world and protected it. It was not customary to work in his native home. When he was still a child, he played snowballs with peasant children, then he was then warmed up for several days. In Oblomovka, they were wary of everything new - even a letter that came from a neighbor in which he asked for a beer recipe was afraid to open for three days.

But Ilya Ilyich happily recalls his childhood. He idolizes the nature of Oblomovka, although this is an ordinary village, nothing particularly remarkable. He was brought up by rural nature. This nature instilled in him poetry and a love of beauty.

Ilya Ilyich does nothing, only complains about something all the time and engages in verbiage. He is lazy, does nothing himself and does not expect anything from others. He accepts life as it is and does not try to change anything in it.

When people come to him and talk about their lives, he feels that in the hustle and bustle of life they forget that they are wasting their lives in vain ... And he does not need to fuss, act, do not need to prove anything to anyone. Ilya Ilyich simply lives and enjoys life.

It's hard to imagine him in motion, he looks funny. At rest, lying on the couch, he is natural. It looks at ease - this is his element, his nature.

Let's summarize what we've read:

1. The appearance of Ilya Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is a young man, 33 years old, of good appearance, of medium height, overweight. The softness of his expression betrayed in him a weak and lazy person.
2. Family status. At the beginning of the novel, Oblomov is unmarried, lives with his servant Zakhar. At the end of the novel, he marries and is happily married.
3. Description of the dwelling. Ilya lives in St. Petersburg in an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street. The apartment is neglected, the servant Zakhar rarely sneaks into it, who is as lazy as the owner. The sofa occupies a special place in the apartment, on which Oblomov lies around the clock.
4. Behavior, actions of the hero. Ilya Ilyich can hardly be called an active person. Only his friend Stolz manages to bring Oblomov out of his slumber. The protagonist lies on the couch and only dreams that he will soon get up and go about his business. He cannot solve even the most pressing problems. His estate has fallen into disrepair and does not bring money, so Oblomov even has nothing to pay for the apartment.
5. The attitude of the author to the hero. Goncharov sympathizes with Oblomov, he considers him a kind, sincere person. At the same time, he sympathizes with him: it is a pity that a young, capable, not stupid person has lost all interest in life.
6. My attitude to Ilya Oblomov. In my opinion, he is too lazy and weak-willed, so he cannot command respect. Sometimes he just infuriates me, I want to come up and shake him. I don't like people who live their lives like that. Perhaps I react so strongly to this character because I feel the same shortcomings in myself.

Lesson revised with the addition of video material

Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". literary game.

• Testing knowledge of the text of the novel;
• Formation of conscious reading; attention to detail (there is nothing accidental in the work of a great writer);

Equipment:

• Portrait of I.A. Goncharova. Exhibition of the writer's books and publications about the writer.
• Video film “Several days in the life of Oblomov” based on the script by N. Mikhalkov, A. Abadashyan.
• Illustrations for the book made by students. Novel cover designs.

Members. Teams of high school students in grades 10 and 11

Leading. Teacher

Jury. Composition: school director, deputy. for UVR, teacher of the Russian language and literature.

1. Introductory speech of the teacher.

PROGRESS OF THE GAME

I. Competition of captains.

A few questions about the life and work of I. A. Goncharov

Competition condition. Team captains participate in the competition. They present their teams, the name of the team, which is also evaluated by the jury. Captains are asked five questions each. 20 seconds to think. Each answer is 3 points.

1 team.

1. What was the name of Goncharov?

2. Dates of the writer's life? (1812-1891)

3. What literary tastes were typical for the young man Goncharov? (Derzhavin, Fonvizin, Pushkin)

4. What position did the EA hold. at the end of your career?

5. With what novel did Goncharov enter literature? (“Ordinary history”).

2 team.

1. What is the name of the city where Goncharov was born? (Ulyanovsk).

2. Who influenced the upbringing of the future writer? (Tregubov, retired sailor)

3. What were Goncharov's close friends called? (Mr. de laziness).

4. What surprised in his acquaintances, contemporaries Goncharov in his very measured life? (In 1952 he went on a round-the-world trip on the Pallada Frigate)

5. In what year was the novel "Oblomov" published? (1849-1859).

3 team.

1. What was the name of the mother of I. A. Goncharov? (Avdotya Matveevna)

2. Where did I. A. Goncharov study? (Moscow University, Department of Literature)

3. Which of the great Russian writers, before whom Goncharov bowed, did he see at Moscow University? (Pushkin).

4. In what capacity did Goncharov go on a round-the-world trip on the frigate Pallada?

(as secretary of the expedition leader).

5. What novels Goncharov considered as a trilogy. (Ordinary story, Oblomov, Precipice).

II. Warm up

Competition condition. Each team is given five questions. 20 seconds to think. Each answer is 3 points.

1 team.

1. Where did Oblomov live in St. Petersburg? (In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the big houses)

2. What is the rank of Oblomov? (collegiate assessor)

3. How many years did Oblomov serve? (2 years).

4. In what position is Oblomov depicted on the first pages of the novel? (“Lying at Ilya Ilyich ... was his normal state”)?

5. Which of the heroes of the novel managed to lift Oblomov off the couch? (to Andrey Stoltz)

2 team.

1. How many years did Oblomov live in St. Petersburg? (12)

2. What are the symbols of Oblomov's image? (robe, sofa, shoes “long, soft and wide”)

3. Where did Oblomov, while in the service, send a letter by mistake? (To Arkhangelsk instead of Astrakhan).

4. How many serf souls were listed for Oblomov? (350)

5. What word, which Oblomov defined Zakhara, offended the latter? ("poisonous person")

3 team.

1. How old is Oblomov? (32-33)

2. What villages were included in the Oblomov estate? (Sosnovka, Vavilovka.).

3. What plant has become a symbol of Oblomov's love? (lilac branch)

4. What capital did Stolz make from his father's forty thousand? (300 thousand)

5. Where did Oblomov end his life? (on the Vyborg side)

III. “… captivating and powerfulwizard words"

(Continue text)

Competition condition. Leading read out a fragment of the text to the teams and offers to finish the phrase one by one as close as possible to the original text. Thinking for 20 seconds. For the correct answer - 10 points.

1 team.

1. “...At that moment in the room there was heard at the same time, as if the grumbling of a dog and the hissing of a cat, when they were about to throw themselves at each other. This is ... (the clock hums).

2. And dead silence reigned in the house. It was time for the afternoon nap.

The child sees that the father, and the mother, and the old aunt, and the retinue - everything ... (scattered to their corners; and whoever did not have him, he went to the hayloft, the other to the garden, the third looked for coolness in the hallway, and the other, covering his face with a handkerchief from flies, he fell asleep where the heat overcame him and threw down a bulky dinner.)

2. Cunning is like a small coin for which ... (you can’t buy a lot).

2 team.

“Oblomov was not too lazy, he wrote what to take with him and what to leave at home ... Already familiar to Oblomov, some with distrust, others with laughter, and still others with some kind of fright, said: “He’s on his way; imagine Oblomov has moved!” (But Oblomov did not leave either a month or three).

2. ... the first and main life concern in Oblomovka. food care)

3 team.

1. - Is it you, Ilya? - he reproached / Stolz /. - You push me away, and for her, for this woman! .. My God! he almost screamed, as if in sudden pain. - This child that I just saw ... Ilya, Ilya! Get out of here, let's go, let's go quickly! How you fell! This woman ... what is she to you ...

(“Wife!” Oblomov said calmly.

Stolz turned to stone.

This child is my son! His name is Andrew, in memory of you! - Oblomov said at once and calmly took a breath, laying down the burden of frankness.)

2. No, my life began with ... (extinguishing).

IV. Give an interpretation to the words

Competition condition. Teams receive cards with words that need to be interpreted. 30 seconds to think. Rating - 3 points.

1 team.

1. stingy housing (stingy, greedy).

2. I will receive driving for five horses(fare for mail horses).

3. love usurer, a hypocrite (a person who lends money at high interest).

2 team.

1. Oh, minion, sybarite ( idle person).

2. bothersome curiosity (annoying, obsessive).

3. Serve by wine farming(wine farming - the right to collect state revenues from the wine trade).

3 team.

1. Gentleman, overgrown with whiskers, mustaches and goatee(short and narrow pointed beard).

2. Sofa upholstered in faded blue barkan stained ... (thick woolen fabric for upholstery).

3. To love a moneylender, prude(a hypocrite hiding behind ostentatious virtue).

V. “Each of his works is an artistic system of images, under which an inspired thought is hidden” D.S. Merezhkovsky.

portrait gallery

Competition condition. The facilitator reads out fragments of the text, where the portrait characteristics of the heroes of the novel are given. The teams must determine which characters in the Oblomov novel have these characteristics. Thinking for 30 seconds. Rating - 5 points.

1 team.

1. ... an elderly man, in a gray frock coat, with a hole under his arm, from where a shred of shirt stuck out, in a gray waistcoat ... with a bare skull, like a knee, and with immensely wide and thick blond whiskers with gray hair. (Servant Zakhar)

2. She was thirty years old. She was very white and full in the face, so that the blush could not seem to break through her cheeks. She had almost no eyebrows at all, and in their places were two slightly swollen, shiny stripes, with rare light stripes. The eyes are greyish-ingenuous, like the whole expression of the face; hands are white, but hard, with large knots protruding outwards ... (Agafya Matveevna).

2 team.

1 ... flabby beyond his years ... his body, judging by the matte, too white color of the neck, small, plump hands, soft shoulders, seemed too pampered for a man (Oblomov)

2. (She) in the strict sense was not a beauty, that is, there was neither whiteness in her, nor the bright color of her cheeks and lips, and her eyes did not burn with rays of inner fire ... her lips are thin and mostly compressed: a sign of constantly striving for something thoughts. (Olga Ilinskaya)

3 team.

1. He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin; he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fatty roundness; the complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; the eyes are slightly greenish, but expressive (Andrey Stolz).

2. In the circle of his acquaintances, he played the role of a big guard dog, which barks at everyone, does not allow anyone to move, but which at the same time will certainly grab a piece of meat on the fly, from where and wherever it flies. (Tarantyev Mikhey Andreevich, Oblomov's countryman).

VI. “No one forces their heroes to live like this ... a separate, own life” / Merezhkovsky D.S. /

Conditions of the competition. The moderator reads the speech. Teams alternately try to guess who these statements belong to, in what situation. Thinking for 10 seconds. Each correct answer is 5 points.

1 team.

1. Labor is the image, content, element and purpose of life. (Stolz) (3 points)

2. Yes, godfather, until the boobies in Rus' are gone, that they sign papers without reading, our brother can live. (Mukhoyarov, brother of Agafya Matveevna) (5 points)

2 team.

1. Who cursed you, Ilya? What did you do? You are kind, smart, gentle, noble... and you perish. What ruined you? Is there a name for this evil? (Olga Ilyinskaya at parting with Oblomov). (5 points)

2. ... everyone is infected from each other by some painful care, longing, painfully looking for something. And the truth would be good, good for themselves and others - no, they turn pale from the success of a comrade. (Oblomov in a dispute with Stolz about the life of the world). (3 points)

3 team.

1. Light, society! ... What is there to look for? Interests of the mind, heart? Look, where is the center around which all this revolves: there is none, there is nothing deep, touching the living... Here they are... scurrying around like flies back and forth every day, but what's the point? You will enter the hall and not stop admiring how symmetrically the guests are seated, how quietly and thoughtfully they sit - at the cards. (Oblomov in a dispute with Stolz about the need to be in the world). (3 points)

2…honest, faithful heart! This is his natural gold; he carried it unscathed through life. He fell from shocks, cooled down ... having lost the strength to live, but did not lose his honesty and loyalty. Not a single false note was emitted by his heart, not a single dirt stuck to it. No smart lie will seduce him, and nothing will lure him onto a false path ... (Andrei Stolts about Oblomov in a conversation with Olga Ilyinskaya after Oblomov's death). (5 points)

VII. Illustration competition, book covers

TO The team present their illustrations of the book cover, explain its concept (up to 10 points); three illustrations for different episodes of the book, tell about these episodes. Both illustrations and comments to them are evaluated (up to 5 points for each illustration, taking into account the accuracy and colorfulness of the commentary).

VIII. Blitz Tournament

Competition condition. All teams participate at the same time. In 1-2 minutes, participants must answer the maximum number of questions. If the teams find it difficult to answer, you need to say the word “Next”.

For a correct answer - 1 point.

1. The name of the village where Stoltz lived (Verkhlevo).
2. Only one of the chapters of the novel is titled. How? (Oblomov's dream)
3. The surname of the first guest of Oblomov, a secular veil. (Volkov)
4. Surname of the second guest of Oblomov, an official who rose to the rank of head of the department (Sudbinsky)
5. Surname of the guest writer (Penkin)
6. Symbols of the image of Oblomov (robe, sofa, shoes)
7. What vital problem did Oblomov try to tell his guests about? (About the need to move out of the apartment, about the letter from the headman from the village)
8. Oblomov's guest, his countryman (Tarantiev Mikhey Andreevich).
9. How many serf souls did Oblomov have? (350)
10. What was the name of Oblomov's servant? (Zakhar)
11. Which of Oblomov's guests borrowed a shirt and a vest from him and did not return it for 5 months? (Tarantiev)
12. How long do the events described in the first part of the novel last? (1 day)
13. To which literary direction should the novel “Oblomov” be attributed (realism)
14. The action of the novel "Oblomov" takes place in ... (Petersburg)
15. What class did Oblomov belong to? (Nobleman)
16. What is Oblomov's age at the beginning of the novel? (32-33)
17. What was the name of Oblomov's son? (Andrey)
18. What was the name of Oblomov's wife? (Agafya Matveevna)
19. What is the name and patronymic of Oblomov. (Ilya Ilyich)
20. What does the author call the cause of Oblomov's death? (Oblomovism)
21. Where Oblomov's guests were invited on the first of May (Ekaterigof)
22. In Oblomovka they believed everything... What? (“to both werewolves and the dead”)
23. What kind of romance performed by Olga Ilyinskaya did Oblomov like “The Immaculate Virgin”)
24. Who helped Oblom get rid of the debts that were imposed on him by deceit? (A. Stolz helped)
25. Who imposed debts on Oblomov? (Tarantiev)
26. From whom did Oblomov find out that Olga was married? (from Stolz)
27. Did Oblomov have children? (son Andrey)
28. How and why did the final break between Olga and Oblomov occur? (due to Oblomov's indecision)

Make a cinquain.

(A variant of the syncwine suggested by the students:

Oblomov

• serene, kind
• Lie down, sleep, dream
• Started with the inability to put on stockings, ended with the inability to live
• Oblomovism)

How did Druzhinin speak about Oblomov?

(“Oblomov is a child, and not a rotten lecher, he is a sleepyhead, and not an immoral egoist or an epicurean from the time of disintegration. He is powerless for good, but he is positively incapable of evil deeds, pure in spirit, not perverted by worldly sophisms”

"A child by nature and by the conditions of his development, Ilya Ilyich in many ways left behind the purity and simplicity of a child, precious qualities in an adult, qualities that in themselves often reveal to us the realm of truth and at times put an inexperienced, dreamy eccentric and above the prejudices of his age , and above the whole crowd of businessmen surrounding him: "

On the board are the opinions of critics about Oblomov and Oblomovism. If you were writing an essay on the topic of the lesson, what words would you choose as an epigraph? Why?

(In addition to Druzhinin’s statements on the board, I. Annensky’s words: “What is he: a glutton? a sloth? a sissy? a contemplator? a reasoner? No: he, Oblomov, is the result of a long accumulation of heterogeneous impressions, thoughts, feelings, sympathies, doubts and self-reproaches "

D. Merezhkovsky: "Vulgarity triumphing over purity of heart, love, ideals - this is the main tragedy of life for Goncharov").

V. Homework: 10th grade Write a review of a classmate's essay based on I. A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov".

VI.The word of the jury for summing up the game. Winner's reward ceremony

VII.Teacher's closing remarks

1) Where was Ilya Oblomov born? Answer: in Oblomovka (the common, combined name of the villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka - the possessions of the Oblomov family). To be more precise, Ilya Oblomov was born in Sosnovka. 2) What education did he receive, what rank does he have? Answer: rank - collegiate secretary (later Oblomov resigned and no longer returned to public activity); education: studied until the age of 15 in a boarding school. Then he continued his studies in Moscow, at the decision of his parents.

(Oblomov took a course in practical litigation). He studied reluctantly, tried not to perform more than the norm. 3) What income does Oblomov live on? What do we know about his financial situation? Answer: Ilya Oblomov is a nobleman. He lives on income from Oblomovka (men, working in Oblomovka, sell bread) (+ perhaps he received some small income during the short period when he was in the public service). Financial situation: during the life of his parents was placed in two rooms. Servant - one Zakhar. With the death of his parents, his financial situation improved: income increased, 350 souls became his property; then, judging by the letter from the headman, we can say that the financial situation is improving a little. In the second half of the novel, Oblomov has a significant debt for an apartment on Vyborgskaya and a "debt" that must be paid to Agafya Matveevna (a scam by Tarantiev and Agafya Matveevna's brother). But, thanks to Stolz, everything is safely resolved. Stolz also sends a reliable headman to Oblomovka, thanks to which the income from it increases and is paid regularly. 4) What is the name of the book that Oblomov has been "reading" for many years? Answer: Travel to Africa. 5) What is the dream of Ilya Oblomov? Answer: he dreams of his native land, he dreams of his childhood. In a dream, he sees how, as a seven-year-old boy, he is naughty on the street, disobeying adults. He dreams of how he is dozing in his mother’s arms, he dreams of life in the Oblomovs’ house during his childhood (preparing for dinner, a general afternoon nap, and so on). Ilya Oblomov also dreams of how the nanny tells him various fairy tales. He listens to them carefully. Also in a dream, Oblomov sees a fragment from his childhood: a letter is brought to the Oblomov family, but they decide to open it only on the fourth day, fearing that there is bad news. But their worries turn out to be in vain: the letter contains a request to Oblomov: send a beer recipe. (In his dream, Ilya Ilyich also sees fragments from his childhood when he goes to study with Stolz). Summarizing all the fragments, we can say that Oblomov dreams of various fragments from his childhood, full of various, mostly pleasant events. 6) What is known about Andrey Stolz's parents? Answer: mother is Russian, father is German. My father was a manager in the village of Verkhlev (as well as a teacher, agronomist, technologist). The father and mother gave proper education and upbringing to their son. Andrei's father was especially concerned about this. He instilled in the child knowledge, independence, accustomed to work (the mother did not like the labor education of her son, she saw him as a gentleman, not a worker). When Andrei Stoltz went to St. Petersburg after graduation, his mother was no longer alive. 7) What does Stolz do in life? Answer: Stolz served, then retired, went about his own business, amassed a lot of capital, a house. He is involved in a campaign that sends goods abroad. During his life, Stolz travels a lot, due to which he rarely manages to see Oblomov. Stolz is a hardworking, purposeful person. (I think that an important occupation in his life is the frequent help to his friend, Ilya Oblomov). 8) How does Oblomov get to know Olga Ilyinskaya? Answer: the first mention of Olga Ilyinskaya occurs when Oblomov describes Stolz's ideal life (in his opinion). Ilya Ilyich mentions the aria Casta diva, and Stolz says that Olga Ilyinskaya would have performed it perfectly, that he would definitely introduce them. The acquaintance itself is due to Stolz. He brought Oblomov to the house of Olga and her aunt. Then he started a conversation with Olga, in which he mentioned Ilya Oblomov. This became clear due to the fact that during the conversation Olga Ilyinskaya often looked at Oblomov. After the conversation, she also looked at him. But he didn't dare to talk to her. Only after several dinners at Aunt Olga's was he ready to speak to the lady. The first conversation between Olga Ilyinskaya and Oblomov took place on the balcony. Olga started the conversation. And since then, their relationship began to develop gradually. 9) When does the reader first meet Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna? What do we know about her family? Answer: the reader first meets this heroine when Oblomov goes to the Vyborg side, to his new apartment. Agafya Matveevna - the hostess in this apartment; Agafya Matveevna is the widow of collegiate secretary Pshenitsyn. There are two children: Vanya (8 years old), Masha (6 years old). Agafya's brother lives with them in the apartment. There is a servant - Akulina. Agafya Pshenitsyna with children, unlike her brother, are rarely seen. 10) How did Olga and Oblomov part? Answer: 4 months have passed since Olga and Ilya met. Ilya Ilyich went to visit Olga. In the Ilyinskys' house, they had a conversation about a letter from the village. After him, Olga becomes ill, she goes to her room. When she returns to Oblomov, a conversation takes place between them (at the initiative of Olga), as a result of which they decide to break off their relationship. This conversation and such a decision occurred as a result of the fact that Olga realized that she was mistaken in Oblomov. She thought that Ilya Ilyich would change under her influence, become more decisive in business, less lazy, less slow, but she was mistaken. Therefore, in order not to continue her life with such an Oblomov, in order not to live in the future in Oblomovshchina, Olga decides to break off relations between her and Ilya. 11) What is the name of Oblomov's son? Answer: Oblomov's son's name is Andrey. After the death of Oblomov, Andrei and Olga Stolz, with the consent of Agafya Matveevna, take Andryusha Oblomov to their upbringing.

Already in "Ordinary History", the first major work of I.A. Goncharov, he became interested in the type that subsequently immortalized his name. Already there we see indications of the enormous social danger posed by the very special conditions of life of the intelligent Russian society of the beginning and middle of the 19th century, which have developed under the influence of serfdom.

This danger lies in "Oblomovism", and dreamy romanticism, familiar to us from its bearer Aduev, is only one of the elements of this latter. An exhaustive image of Oblomovism was given by Goncharov in the form of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, whose characterization we now turn to.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov belongs to the number of people who cannot but be recognized as attractive.

From the first pages of the novel, he appears before us as a smart man and at the same time with a good heart. His mind is reflected in the insight with which he understands people. For example, he excellently guessed the numerous visitors who visited him on the morning of the day on which the novel begins. How correctly does he assess both the frivolous pastime of the secular veil Volkov, flitting from one salon to another, and the troublesome life of the careerist official Sudbinsky, who only thinks about how to enlist the favor of his superiors, without which it is unthinkable to receive any increase in salary, or to achieve a profitable business trips, let alone promotion. And in this Sudbinsky sees the only goal of his official activity.

He also correctly assesses Oblomov and people close to him. He bows before Stolz and idolizes Olga Ilyinskaya. But, fully understanding their virtues, he does not turn a blind eye to their shortcomings.

But Oblomov's mind is purely natural: neither in childhood, nor subsequently, no one did anything for his development and education. On the contrary, the lack of a systematically received education in childhood, the lack of living spiritual food in adulthood, plunges him into a more and more drowsy state.

At the same time, complete ignorance of practical life is revealed in Oblomov. As a result, he is more than afraid of what can bring any change in his once established way of life. The requirement of the manager to clean the apartment plunges him into horror, he cannot calmly think about the upcoming chores. This circumstance is much more difficult for Oblomov than receiving a letter from the headman, in which he informs that the income will be "like two thousand in change." And this is only because the headman's letter does not require immediate action.

Oblomov is characterized by rare kindness and humanism. These qualities are fully manifested in Oblomov's conversation with the writer Penkin, who sees the main advantage of literature in "seething anger - bilious persecution of vice", in laughter of contempt for a fallen man. Ilya Ilyich objects to him and speaks of humanity, of the need to create not only with the head, but with the whole heart.

These properties of Oblomov, combined with his amazing spiritual purity, which makes him incapable of any pretense, any cunning, combined with his indulgence towards others, for example, Tarantiev, and, at the same time, with a conscious attitude towards his own shortcomings , inspire love for him in almost everyone with whom his fate confronts. Simple people, like Zakhar and Agafya Matveevna, are attached to him with all their being. And people of his circle, such as, for example, Olga Ilyinskaya and Stolz, cannot speak of him except with a feeling of deep sympathy, and sometimes even spiritual tenderness.

And, despite his high moral qualities, this man turned out to be completely useless for the cause. Already from the first chapter we learn that lying down was the “normal state” of Ilya Ilyich, who, dressed in his Persian dressing gown, putting on soft and wide shoes, spends whole days in lazy doing nothing. From the most cursory description of Oblomov's pastime, it can be seen that one of the main features of his psychological make-up is weakness of will and laziness, apathy and panic fear of life.

What made of Oblomov a man who, with unconscious, but surprising persistence, avoided everything that could require labor, and, with no less persistence, gravitated towards what he pictured as carefree lying on his side?

The answer to this question is the description of Oblomov's childhood and the environment from which he came out - a chapter called "Oblomov's Dream".

First of all, there are some reasons to consider Oblomov as one of the typical representatives of the 40s of the XIX century. Idealism brings him closer to this era, with a complete inability to move on to practical activity, a pronounced tendency to reflection and introspection, and a passionate desire for personal happiness.

However, there are features in Oblomov that distinguish him from the best, for example, Turgenev's heroes. These include the inertia of thought and the apathy of the mind of Ilya Ilyich, which prevented him from becoming a fully educated person and developing a harmonious philosophical worldview for himself.

Another understanding of the Oblomov type is that he is predominantly a representative of the Russian pre-reform nobility. And for himself, and for those around Oblomov, first of all, "master". Considering Oblomov from this point of view alone, one must not lose sight of the fact that his lordship is inextricably linked with "Oblomovism". Moreover, lordship is the immediate cause of the latter. In Oblomov and in his psychology, in his fate, the process of spontaneous extinction of feudal Rus', the process of its “natural death” is presented.

Finally, it is possible to consider Oblomov as a national type, to which Goncharov himself was inclined.

But, speaking about the presence of negative features of Oblomov in the character of a Russian person, it should be remembered that such features are not the only ones inherent in Russians. An example of this are the heroes of other literary works - Lisa Kalitina from the "Nest of the Nobles", who has a selfless character, Elena from "On the Eve", striving to do active good, Solomin from "Novi" - these people, also being Russian, are absolutely not similar to Oblomov.

Oblomov's characteristics plan

Introduction.

Main part. Characteristics of Oblomov
1) Mind
a) Relationships with friends
b) Evaluation of loved ones
c) Lack of education
d) Ignorance of practical life
e) Lack of perspective

2) Heart
a) kindness
b) Humanity
c) spiritual purity
d) Sincerity
e) "Honest, faithful heart"

3) Will
a) apathy
b) Willlessness

The moral death of Oblomov. "Oblomov's Dream", as her explanation.

Conclusion. Oblomov as a social and national type.
a) Oblomov as a representative of the 40s of the 19th century
- Similarities.
— Traits of difference.
b) Oblomov, as a representative of the pre-reform nobility.
c) Oblomov as a national type.

Oblomov. Illustration by Konstantin Tikhomirov from the magazine Picturesque Review of the Countries of the World. 1883 goncharov.spb.ru

1. The mystery of the storm

“Thunderstorms are not terrible, but only beneficial there: they happen constantly at the same set time, almost never forgetting Ilyin’s day, as if in order to support a well-known tradition among the people. And the number and strength of the blows, it seems, are the same every year, just as if a certain measure of electricity was released from the treasury for a year to the whole region.

At first glance, this fragment seems almost random. Only the mention of Ilyin’s day attracts attention: “a well-known legend among the people” is a belief that it is impossible to work on Ilyin’s day, so as not to be killed by thunder. Recall that the name of the protagonist of the novel is Ilya Ilyich - and he does not want to work not only on his day as an angel, but never at all. However, the thunderstorm in this passage is explained not only with the help of popular belief about Elijah the Prophet as the patron of thunder - that is, through the eyes of a person who believes in "a well-known tradition." Thunderstorm is served simultaneously and rationally. The point of view of a resident of Oblomovka, who believes in a “famous legend”, is, as it were, compared with the point of view of the rationalist Stolz: this hero has not yet appeared on the pages of the novel, but his voice, skeptically evaluating popular superstitions, is already heard. This dual point of view will continue to shape the narrative.

2. The secret of the word "moon"

The narrator likes Oblomovka, but he does not see anything poetic in it:

“God knows whether a poet or a dreamer would be content with the nature of a peaceful corner. These gentlemen, as you know, love to stare at the moon and listen to the clicking of nightingales.<…>And in this region, no one knew what kind of moon this was - everyone called it a month. She somehow good-naturedly, with all her eyes looked at the villages and the field, and was very much like a cleaned copper basin.

The poetic image of the moon in the "Oblomov" consciousness is absent, and we are informed about this not by chance. The novel repeatedly mentions the aria "Casta diva" from Bellini's opera "Norma". First, Oblomov dreams of how his future wife will perform it, and then Olga Ilyinskaya will perform this cavatina, after which Oblomov confesses his love to her. The name of the aria is translated into Russian as “The Most Pure Goddess”, but it is not dedicated to the Mother of God, as is sometimes claimed, but to the goddess of the moon. Oblomov himself remembers this:

“... how this woman’s heart cries out! What sadness lies in these sounds! .. And no one knows anything around ... She is alone ... The mystery weighs on her; she entrusts her to the moon ... "

So, Oblomov's love for Olga is associated with the romantic image of the moon - which, however, was not known in the patriarchal Oblomovka. It is not surprising that the story of their relationship ends sadly.

3. The secret of Oblomov's love for Olga

After parting with Olga, Oblomov falls into a stupor:

"Snow, snow, snow! he repeated senselessly, looking at the snow that thickly covered the fence, wattle fence and ridges in the garden. - Everything fell asleep! - then he whispered desperately, got into bed and fell into a leaden, bleak sleep.

Why couldn't the hero talk about anything but snow? Because Oblomov's love for Olga develops in accordance with the seasons. The heroes meet in May, and a lilac branch becomes a symbol of their love - Oblomov directly compares his feelings with it several times. Relationships reach their peak of intensity in the summer, and in the fall, Oblomov, overwhelmed by numerous everyday difficulties, seeks to avoid meeting with Olga, pretends to be sick, and so on.

When they part, it snows: the annual cycle of nature is over, and nothing can be done about it. Thus, in his love, the hero again turns out to be a product of his native village - a place where the "annual cycle" repeats itself "correctly and calmly."

4. The mystery of coffee and cigars

Dreaming, Oblomov describes the ideal, as it seems to him, life to his only friend Stolz.

“Before dinner, it’s nice to look into the kitchen, open the pan, sniff, watch how the pies are rolled, the cream is churned. Then lie down on the couch; the wife reads something new aloud; we stop, argue ... But the guests are coming, for example, you and your wife.<…>After dinner, mocha, havana on the terrace…”

What does the mention of mocha coffee and Cuban cigars mean? To understand this, let's pay attention to Stolz's reaction: he carefully listens to his friend, but from the very beginning he is sure that even in Oblomov's dreams he cannot come up with anything better than Oblomovka: "You draw me the same thing that happened to grandfathers and fathers." Stoltz is clearly wrong. The traditional, “Oblomov” way of life cannot satisfy the protagonist, and his dream cannot even be described in “Oblomov” words: coffee, cigars, terraces - all these are traces of studying at the university, books read. Oblomov, however lazy he may be, is an educated Petersburger and has gone far from Oblomovka.

5. Mysteries of the Eastern War

Oblomov reads newspapers and finds out, "... why the British send ships with troops to the East ...".

What kind of military operations in the East are you referring to? Most likely, the Anglo-Chinese “opium wars”, the consequences of which Goncharov personally observed during his stay in China and described in the “Pallada Frigate”. However, this is not even the point. The dispatch of English troops to the East is mentioned at least four times in different places in the novel, and yet its action lasts for several years. It turns out that not only the main character is stuck in a kind of frozen time, where nothing happens, but world news (and the characters of the novel are very fond of discussing the news) are the same all the time. Newspapers, seemingly obligated to follow the latest news, report seemingly endlessly repeating events. Not one Oblomov - the whole world can not move from the point.

6. The secret of the collegiate secretary

Here is how the narrator introduces Oblomov to us:

"Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, collegiate secretary by rank, has been living without a break for the twelfth year in St. Petersburg."

The collegiate secretary is a rank of the X class, that is, not the lowest. How could Oblomov get such a rank? But this is really not very clear, even to the commentators of the Complete Works of Goncharov, who discovered this riddle. It can be assumed that Oblomov graduated from the university as a candidate, that is, with particular success, and received this rank immediately after graduation (only Oblomov did not study very diligently). If Oblomov was not a candidate, he should have the rank of XII class - provincial secretary. But we know that the hero "served somehow for two years", which means that he could not have time to serve two ranks. Moreover, in the drafts of the novel, Oblomov is directly called the provincial secretary. In general, there is no plausible explanation for the rank of Oblomov. It remains to be assumed that some other principle is at work here. It was the tenth class that Oblomov's common-law wife, the widow of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, had (wives and widows of officials were considered in the same rank as husbands). Perhaps this coincidence is an ironic allusion to the peculiar “kinship of souls” between Oblomov and Agafya Matveevna.

7. Stolz's secret

Stolz offers Oblomov not to "die in silence", sitting in the seat, but to run somewhere and do business:

"Where? Yes, even with his peasants to the Volga: and there is more movement, there are some interests, a goal, work. I would go to Siberia, to Sitkha.”

And what kind of business does Stoltz himself do? The novel constantly talks about some kind of stormy activity that Stoltz leads, but without any specifics: it is not clear whether the reader should guess for himself what Stoltz is doing, or there is simply no clue. On the one hand, it is quite possible that this detail emphasizes Stolz's versatility: he can literally do anything, so it is not very important what exactly his activity is. On the other hand, as the literary critic Lyudmila Geiro noted, the references scattered throughout the text of the novel to places where Stoltz often visits coincide with the list of areas where gold was mined, bought and sold. If so, then Stolz is a gold miner. It is interesting that Sitkha, where Stoltz wants to go, is in Alaska, but this just does not say anything about his connections with gold mining: at the time of writing the novel, the existence of precious metal reserves in Alaska was not yet known.