The nature of the Crimea served as a source of creative inspiration for many masters of fine arts. It seems that not one of the artists who have been here, from the 18th century to the present day, has remained indifferent to the peculiar beauty of the “noon land”. For example, beauty Gurzuf. The exoticism of the south, combined with the pathos of the steppe expanse of the western plains and the solemnly severe pathos of the mountain range of the eastern coast, present a truly grandiose panorama.
Each of the artists working in Crimea , managed to see in him something of his own, cherished, that found a response in the soul. The works of these authors have become a kind of “bridge” that connects the viewer with the Crimean landscape, sometimes completely unknown to him, but awakening in him feelings and experiences associated with the indestructible power of man’s love for nature.
For some landscape painters, work in the Crimea was of an episodic nature, but the work of three who lived or systematically painted here for a long time, the Crimean nature had the most direct and profound impact.
After the annexation of the Crimean peninsula to the Russian state in 1783, artists rushed here to capture the unusual southern landscapes and views of intensively built cities.
In 1820 A.S. visited the beautiful shores of Taurida. Pushkin, who enthusiastically sang the nature of these places in his poetic works. In the 1820s, the Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz traveled here, creating a wonderful poetic cycle "Crimean Sonnets". This aroused even greater interest in the Crimea among artists.
Throughout the 19th century, representatives of various artistic movements worked in Crimea, and Crimean nature received a very diverse reflection in their work.
A.I. Meshchersky managed to vividly express the romantic beginning of his Crimean landscape. The spectacular state of the blue sky against the background of the rocks is conveyed in warm colors along with old poplars, the tops of which are illuminated by the light of the sun's rays.
"Crimean landscape" I. Shishkin
The largest representative of the Russian realistic landscape I.I. Shishkin, who visited Yalta in 1879, the unusual appearance of the mountainous area prompted the creation of a series of drawings and engravings. In the painting “Crimean Landscape”, he masterfully depicted a forest path leading to the house, among centuries-old Crimean trees.
A well-known master of lighting effects in painting A.I. Kuindzhi acquired in 1886 a small plot of land in the Simeiz region. Here, in the summer, he painted sketches, trying to capture the whimsical play of colors on restless water, to convey solar or moonlight. Laconically painted his landscape "Cloud".
The author skillfully depicted the moment when the pale pink light of the rising sun forms cumulus clouds over the blue strip of the sea. The etude "Sea" is extremely generalized. Quiet, gentle sea and calls to plunge into the morning water.
Many amazing paintings were painted in the Crimea by the master I.K. Aivozovsky. It makes no sense to exhibit his masterpieces here again and again. It is worth noting his students, who turned to the traditional themes and methods of art of the venerable artist and at the same time showed their creative individuality. These include the artist A.I. Fessler, who lived in Feodosia for more than fifty years. He is the author of many deeply poetic views of the coastal cities of the Crimea.
A.I. Fressler. "Gurzuf".
In the painting "Gurzuf" he resorts to the romanticization of the landscape image in the spirit of Aivozovsky's painting. All components of the landscape serve to express the early morning. The artist's style of writing is sharp, with bright color contrasts, well conveys the mood of this cozy town from a bird's eye view.
Another native of Feodosia, L.F. Lagorio constantly lived in St. Petersburg, but visited his homeland almost every year. He enthusiastically sang in his marinas the beauty of the Black Sea coast, including Gurzuf.
Artist E.Ya. Magdesyan sought to emphasize the diversity of Crimean motifs in his paintings. In his "Seascape" the harsh solidity of the rocks is perfectly conveyed against the backdrop of the restless movement of the waves. The blue and blue tones of this canvas reproduce the special transparency of the air and the unsteadiness of light water with a greenish tint.
"Seascape"
Naval officer A.V. Ganzen as a child, in the house of his grandfather I.K. Aivozovsky, imbued with a love for art and was seriously fond of marine painting. In the Crimean landscapes, he revealed the greatness of the sea element, while maintaining the remarkable subtlety of the natural look and introducing lyrical coloring into the artistic image.
"Moon rise"
Artist K.F. Bogaevsky was also born and lived in Feodosia. His first encounter with art took place in the workshop of Aivozovsky, and in 1897 he graduated from the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he studied with Kuindzhi. “No matter how much I wrote pictures about the Crimean sky, mountains, sea, Crimean nature gave me more and more new themes for my works,” Bogaevsky claimed. Here are his paintings "Old Crimea", "Feodosia", "Evening by the Sea" and the Crimean landscape. The last one, "Crimean View", in my opinion, is a complete masterpiece of the play of colors and colors.
"Old Crimea"
"Feodosia"
"Evening by the sea"
"Crimean view"
Ancient Cimmeria served as a source of creativity for Bogaevsky's contemporary, poet and artist M.A. Voloshin. Each of his works is solved in a certain color key, expressively conveying the nature of the depicted motif. And in each of them, in the smooth rhythm of lines and color spots, the author gives the viewer the opportunity to feel the world of beauty that nature gives to man. His work "In the vicinity of Koktebel" is characteristic.
Around Koktebel
Academician of battle painting N.S. Samokish lived in Simferopol during the Soviet period of creativity. In 1917-1921, while undergoing treatment in Evpatoria, he enthusiastically painted cozy courtyards, shaded by tree leaves, market squares, old mansions and summer cottages. In these sketches, the artist's brilliant pictorial gift was revealed. In his work “Evening in the Crimea”, he skillfully depicted the illumination of peasant life, a rich palette of blue, yellow, white and green colors.
"Evening in the Crimea"
The Crimean landscapes of K.A. Korovin, a prominent representative of the Moscow Union of Russian Artists. In 1911, he built a dacha-workshop in Gurzuf, where he liked to write beautiful views of the southern coast mountains and the sea directly from the balcony. Korovin subtly felt nature, the eternal play of light and shadow, giving the whole environment a feeling of trepidation, mobility. His painting "Gurzuf" confirms this.
The sonority of the color palette of the Crimean nature is revealed by Korovin in his next landscape. There is a stormy dynamics of colors, life, bright sun. This was achieved by the virtuoso impressionistic style of painting, which the master uses in his work.
"Balcony in the Crimea"
Landscape, as an independent genre, occupies an honorable place in the visual arts. It enables craftsmen working in this area to create an artistic image of their native land with great emotional expressiveness.
Here are the works of talented artists of different eras and generations, which form the basis of collections of paintings and drawings in art museums and art galleries in Simferopol, Feodosia, Sevastopol and Alupka.
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Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to the Crimea for rest and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are somehow connected with this amazing place.
The art of the peninsula was formed under the influence of many cultures, but at the same time autonomously and a little closed. Scythians, Taurians, Cimmerians, Genoese, Tatars, Armenians, Slavs - all the peoples inhabiting the Crimea brought the best with them and wove it into the common carpet of arts and crafts, architecture, and later fine arts.
The artistic fever swept the Crimea at the end of the 19th century and continued into the 20th. Most of the teachers of the Imperial Academy of Arts and the Moscow Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture worked in the Crimea. The museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg, and later in the Crimean museums, collected sketches, still lifes, landscape and staffage paintings, ethnographic drawings of the best representatives of the domestic fine arts: F. Vasiliev, I. Krachkovsky, A. Meshchersky, A. Bogolyubov, I. Levitan , A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, K. Korovin, V. Serov, V. Surikov, V. Polenov, P. Konchalovsky and others.
After the events of the civil war, Crimea even more so turns into an "ivory tower" for artists, poets, and philosophers. In Koktebel, Yalta, Sudak, Feodosia and Yevpatoria, many of those who seek salvation from the “waves of wars and revolutions” find shelter (M. Voloshin). First of all, this is Maximilian Voloshin himself, and with him - Ostroumova, Kuzmin, ... .. Annenkov,. K. Bogaevsky, N. Samokish, N. Barsamov, V. Yanovsky, E. Nagaevskaya, Kuprin connected their fate with the Crimea. I. Grabar, I. Chekmazov, V. Favorskaya, Falk come to work - it is impossible to list them all. And Crimea gave shelter, shelter, inspiration to all creative people.
Crimea is an amazing natural and cultural phenomenon that has a strong direct impact on events and human destinies. Goethe calls it the "Genius of the Place", our contemporaries talk about the energy of the Crimea and its special cultural and informational field. Regardless of the definitions, it is undeniable that the Crimea remains the main character of historical and cultural events, and their creators and creators simply get the right to speak on this stage.
So is modern Crimean painting - it is allowed to perpetuate the beauty of this natural phenomenon. As the Crimeans say: “We have one life and we must live it in the Crimea!”. Apparently, agreeing with them for more than 60 years, the best painters and graphic artists from all the cities of the Soviet Union, and now Russia and Ukraine, have been coming here. Each of them strive to capture the Crimean landscapes, the sea, flowers and fruits, to create their own hymn to the Divine Beauty!
E.O. Samoilova
Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov. (1748-1823)
At the end of the 18th century, the Russian artist Mikhail Matveyevich Ivanov was the first to pave the way to the Old Crimea. In January 1780, he, then already an academician of painting, was sent to the governor of the southern provinces of Russia, Prince Potemkin, to depict "cities and sights of the newly annexed lands", as well as those areas for which Russia was still fighting. Ivanov was enrolled in Potemkin's headquarters and even received the rank of prime minister. In 1783 Ivanov painted views of the Old Crimea. Ten watercolors by this artist, dedicated to the Old Crimea and its environs, are now kept in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.
M.M. Ivanov. Balaclava.
The albums of Mikhail Matveyevich Ivanov are a rare example of a diverse graphic heritage, which included many years of work by a Russian artist of the 18th century. They help to understand his creative ideas and trace the stages of work on the creation of picturesque easel watercolors.
Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski.(1817-1900).
Particular attention should be paid to the marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky.
As a boy, Ivan Aivazovsky fell in love with the sea of the Crimean coast. His stormy, romantic imagination painted night storms, endless expanses of water and the struggle of people with the raging elements. These vivid images were reflected in the work of his entire life. Aivazovsky became the only artist of the Russian school who devoted all his extraordinary talent to seascape painting. During his long life, Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky created about 6 thousand works, fame and recognition came to him in his youth, his name thundered all over the world and entered the history of world painting. The sea in his paintings is photographically realistic, but he did not paint it from nature. It is impossible to stop the movement of a wave in order to capture it with a brush. To do this, you need to feel the sea, understand and predict the movements of its waters, and he knew how. Aivazovsky was taught by the sea itself, as a child, in his native Crimea.
Everyone knows Aivazovsky as a marine painter, but he also has paintings on historical subjects, genre scenes, on the themes of ancient mythology, views of cities, religious and allegorical canvases, as well as portraits. Here are just a few of them: “The Arrival of Catherine II in Feodosia”, “The Meeting of Venus on Olympus”, “The Crossing of the Jews across the Black Sea”, “Gypsy Camp”, “Sunset in the Steppe”, “In the Caucasus Mountains”, “Walking on the Waters "," Wedding in Ukraine ".
The results of the Crimean trip were more than successful and culminated in a long-awaited and well-deserved business trip to Italy, to Rome - this Mecca of the artistic life of all of Europe. A large group of Russian painters, sculptors, architects, writers (both independent and retired, like Aivazovsky) also worked there: Bryullov, Kiprensky, S. Shchedrin, A. Ivanov, Jordan, Gogol and many others. Aivazovsky works very hard and soon becomes one of the most famous and fashionable artists in Rome. Orders are literally pouring in on him, all the newspapers enthusiastically write about him: "... no one here writes water and sea views like that." Many artists, much older than him, began to imitate him in the manner of writing, and after him, in every shop, views of the sea “a la Aivazovsky” already flaunted. Rome, Naples, Venice, Amsterdam, London, and even self-satisfied Paris admired his paintings, in which the sunlight or moonlight was so vividly conveyed that people who were not experienced in painting even suspected the artist of “magic” (but don’t you a picture of a lamp or a candle?). The great marine painter Turner himself, completely captivated by the art of Aivazovsky, dedicated poetry to the young artist from Russia.
Yes, no wonder the living skill of his best paintings has not been surpassed by anyone to this day!
In his own workshop, Ivan Konstantinovich worked tirelessly with young artists: years of work were spent on creating a special school of Crimean landscape. There, future famous artists joined painting: Lagorio, Fessler, Kuindzhi, Magdesian, Latri, Voloshin, Bogaevsky. And today in the Feodosiya Art Gallery you will be greeted by the works of the greatest artist - the sea painter.
Carlo Bossoli.(1815-1884)
Is it any wonder that the romantic Taurida turned out to be so attractive to artists who brought to us visual images that are consonant, and sometimes even more vivid than literary descriptions. A worthy place in the brilliant galaxy of famous names is occupied by the Italian Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884). His work, permeated with the light and festive atmosphere of the South, allows you to see the Crimea through the eyes of the famous contemporaries of the artist, to feel like a discoverer of the land of Taurida covered with legends
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A talented draftsman, a tireless traveler, the author of amazing travel sketches, one of the founders of the tradition of "fine journalism", Carlo Bossoli, during his lifetime, will know great fame. His human and creative fate was largely determined thanks to the active participation of M.S. Vorontsov, as well as the artist’s life in Odessa and the Crimea. This is a kind of stages of becoming a master. Consistently interconnected, they formed the range of the artist's interests, anticipated his creative aspirations, and therefore deserve attention.
Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich. (1871-1943)
Another famous Feodosia artist Bogaevsky KF for almost three years, in 1925-1927, fulfilled the order of the Crimean Committee for the Protection of Art Monuments - he created a large series of watercolors and drawings depicting Old Crimea and its historical monuments.
Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich (1871-1943) - painter and graphic artist, known as a master of "fantastic landscape". He was born and lived almost all his life in Feodosia. He flatly refused to study with Aivazovsky, because. he was attracted not by sea views, but by the history of ancient Cimmeria. In 1891 he entered the Academy of Arts and studied in the studio of the landscape painter Arkhip Kuindzhi, whom he also did not imitate. An interesting fact: during the classes, Bogaevsky was not given any drawings of sitters. Kuindzhi freed the student from these activities, during which he played the guitar.
After graduating from the academy, Bogaevsky visited Italy, France, Germany, Austria, but made sure that he could only create in the Crimea. Returning to Feodosia, he soon became friends with his associate M. Voloshin. His original landscapes enjoyed constant success, and the philanthropist N.P. Ryabushinsky even rebuilt the hall for Bogaevsky's decorative panels. In Soviet times, he took an active part in the creation of the museum of I.K. Aivazovsky, then the museum of antiquities. For this museum, Bogaevsky sketched the historical monuments of Bakhchisaray, Sudak, Alupka, Stary Krym, Feodosia. In 1923 he released an album of autolithographs "Landscapes of Cimmeria". Bogaevsky died on Feodosia Street in 1943 during the bombing of the city during the war.
Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich.(1877 - 1932)
Bogaevsky's partner on this creative Old Crimean business trip was Maximilian Voloshin, whose multifaceted work deserves admiration as an artist, poet, translator, literary critic, philosopher, and public figure. Their many years of creative collaboration made it possible to discover for many the harsh, sometimes fantastic, beauty of the southeastern Crimea, including the Old Crimea. No wonder they are both called the singers of Cimmeria.
Voloshin (real name - Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Alexandrovich (1877 - 1932), poet, critic, essayist, artist.
Born on May 16 (28 n.s.) in Kyiv.
He begins to study at the Moscow gymnasium, and finishes the gymnasium course in Feodosia. From 1890 he began to write poetry, translated by G. Heine.
In 1897 he entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but three years later he was expelled for participating in student unrest. Decides to devote himself entirely to literature and art.
In 1924, with the approval of the People's Commissariat of Education, Voloshin turned his house in Koktebel into a free house of creativity (later - the House of Creativity of the Literary Fund of the USSR). A certain Byalyatskaya L.Yu., who, according to rumors, was his favorite, was appointed as a caretaker.
In 1927, an exhibition of Voloshin's landscapes was held, organized by the State Academy of Artistic Sciences (with a printed catalog), which was Voloshin's last appearance on the public stage.
He works a lot as an artist, participating in exhibitions in Feodosia, Odessa, Kharkov, Moscow, Leningrad. Voloshin turned his house in Koktebel into a free shelter for writers and artists, with the help of his second wife M. Zabolotskaya.
The house-museum of Maximilian Voloshin is the only one in the world that survived the wars and preserved the mystery and charm of the Silver Age. Thanks to Voloshin, Koktebel turned into a place where almost the entire world of the Russian intelligentsia of the early 20th century visited. The owner was very hospitable and set up a free rest home for writers, artists and scientists in the house. The time filled with impressions of the Cimmerian nature, serious scientific and cultural discussions, humorous jokes and communication with M. Voloshin inspired the guests.
Crimea was also visited and captured in their paintings by the artists K. Petrov-Vodkin, P. Konchalovsky, R. Falk, A. Benois and many others.
Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. (1782-1856)
The era of Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov is truly history in the memorial space. As contemporaries argued, "that brilliant page of the South of Russia begins with him, which our Fatherland can be proud of." The era of Prince Vorontsov, who in 1823 assumed the office of the Governor-General of Novorossia, the plenipotentiary governor of the emperor in Bessarabia (and since 1844 in the Caucasus), marks the true economic and spiritual development of these lands. Politician, administrator, talented businessman, public figure with broad liberal views, he was one of the most cultured people of his time. By combining romanticism with a sober and even utilitarian view of things, which is a purely generic feature of the Vorontsovs, he managed to reach heights in society and at court, accumulate significant land capital and, at the same time, become famous as a generous patron of science and culture.
During the reign of M.S. Vorontsov, the entire Novorossiysk Territory, Crimea, partly Bessarabia and the hard-to-reach Caucasus were studied, described, illustrated much more accurately and in more detail in many parts of Russia. M.S. Vorontsov personally assisted the expeditions, sought funds, provided scientists with his libraries and even a family archive. As a result, valuable publications about the nature, history, economy, and geography of the region appeared. At various times, with the "fail-safe assistance of an enlightened ruler", academician P. Keppen, K. Montandon, T. Vanzetti, archaeologist N. Murzakevich, historian and linguist A. Firkovich, artists G. Chernetsov, K. Bossoli traveled across the Crimea and the Caucasus. .
Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich.(1880-1960)
Born in Borisoglebsk (Voronezh province) on March 10 (22), 1880 in the family of a teacher at a district school.
He studied at the Voronezh evening drawing classes at the Society of Art Lovers (1899-1901) with L. G. Solovyov and M. I. Ponomarev.
He visited the studios of L.E. Dmitriev-Kavkazsky (1902–1910) in St. Petersburg and K.F. Yuon (1904–1906) in Moscow, then studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1906–1910).
In 1913-1914 he visited Italy and France.
He was a member of the associations "Jack of Diamonds" (since 1910), "Moscow Painters" and "Society of Moscow Artists".
In an imaginary group portrait of members of the "Jack of Diamonds" society (1910), A.V. Kuprin would be in the second row, next to V.V. Rozhdestvensky and R.R. Falk.
The theme of the Crimean peninsula is firmly embedded in the work of Kuprin Alexander Vasilyevich (1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of the coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisaray, mountains, historical monuments. His first work is considered "Deer Mountain".
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov.(1848-1916).
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov was born on January 12, 1848 in Krasnoyarsk. School teacher N.V. Grebnev gave him his first painting lessons. Already in 1862, the novice artist created his first work - "Rafts on the Yenisei". To receive a full-fledged art education, Surikov leaves for St. Petersburg. There, in 1869, he entered the Academy of Arts. The training of a talented young man is paid for by a patron who is interested in his work.
Already at this time, the artist’s special love for composition was manifested, Surikov worked mainly on plots from ancient history (“The Feast of Belshazzar”, “Paul the Apostle”) After graduating from the Academy, Surikov moved to Moscow.
The blessed Crimea became for Vasily Ivanovich a divine discovery, unquenchable delight and ... a "swan song". He captured it with the colors of joy and left it to posterity. He discovered the ancient land of Taurida in 1907. And he was captivated - by the free, boundless sea, its bass-noisy patter, gray mountains with mysterious peaks. And the ancient settlements and the people of those places did not pass by the keen eye of the artist. Yes, and in those gentle lands he was not a maddened idle holiday-maker, but a worker of a brush and an easel. Otherwise, a man of Siberian blood, irrepressible nature could not.
The fate of Vasily Ivanovich presented the Crimea four times (1907, 1908, 1913, 1915). Trips were calculated in months. We learn about the first from the story of Natalya Konchalovskaya's granddaughter: "Crimea seemed dazzling to Surikov, he enjoyed swimming, the sun, long walks in the mountains and painted many watercolors in Gurzuf and Simeiz."
Today, "Surf", "Simeiz", "Crimean landscape", "Gurzuf", "Ai-Petri from Simeiz", "Sea" and two portraits of E. N. Sabashnikova, the owner of the Simeiz boarding house "Panea", are known.
The artist was fascinated by the southern coast of Crimea, and in his watercolor works we can see the geography of his routes. In addition to Siemens, Foros, Alupka, there was Yalta and, of course, Gurzuf, which Alexander Grin called "The Envy of the Gods."
Surikov's canvases are destined for eternal life. Little is known about the Crimean period of the artist's life. His paintings tell the unsaid.
Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin. (1861-1939).
Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin was born on November 23, 1861 (old style) in a wealthy merchant family. At the age of fourteen, he entered the architectural department of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where his elder brother Sergei, later a famous realist artist, was already studying painting. By this time, their family was ruined. “I had to be in great need,” Konstantin Korovin recalled about his years of study, “for fifteen years I had been giving drawing lessons and earning my bread.”
After two years of study, presenting the landscapes painted during the holidays, Korovin moves to the painting department. Savrasov became his teacher, who paid great attention to sketches from nature and taught his pupils to see the beauty of Russian nature.
Konstantin Korovin. . Sevastopol in the evening. . 1915
Konstantin Korovin loved the Crimea, and in the Crimea, Gurzuf most of all, where he built a dacha according to his own project in one of his rare periods of financial well-being.
A student of Savrasov and Polenov, a “virtuoso decorator,” as Diaghilev called him, and an artist at the Imperial Theaters, who created stunning scenery for famous ballet and opera productions, a connoisseur of northern nature, over time, Korovin turns color into the main means of expression. Korovin finds the harmony of beauty in the colors of France, Spain and the Crimea, which captivated the artist. He was so captivated that Korovin built a dacha in Gurzuf, which turned into a workshop. From 1914 to 1917 Korovin lived permanently at his dacha. His guests here were Chaliapin, Gorky, Surikov, Repin, Kuprin. In his memoirs about the dacha, the artist especially highlights the roses and the sea, the blue Black Sea.
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov. (1844-1927).
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov was born in 1844 on June 1 in a noble family of nobles with many children, who lived in the capital in St. Petersburg. This is a Russian artist, master of historical, landscape and genre painting, teacher.
In 1882, Polenov headed the landscape and still life classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Students doted on him. “His paintings,” A. Golovin recalled, “we admired us with their colorfulness, the abundance of sun and air in them. It was a real revelation." Polenov devoted twelve years of his life to the education of young artists. Among his students who later became famous, we note K. Korovin (Polenov treated him most tenderly), I. Levitan, M. Nesterov, A. Golovin, I. Ostroukhov, A. Arkhipov, S. Malyutin.
Polenov Vasily Dmitrievich, "In the Crimea". 1887
In September 1887, V.D. Polenov wrote to his wife from Yalta: “The more I walk around the outskirts of Yalta, the more I appreciate Levitan's sketches. Neither Aivazovsky, nor Lagorio, nor Shishkin, nor Myasoedov gave such truthful and characteristic images of the Crimea as Levitan.
Polenov V.D. was called the “Knight of Beauty”. contemporaries. This definition perfectly expresses the essence and purpose of his aspirations, all his activities, which left a noticeable mark on the history of Russian art at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
The works of V. D. Polenov are kept in all the largest museums in Russia; The most preferable against this background (as one would expect) are the Moscow Tretyakov Gallery and the St. Petersburg Russian Museum, which are proud of several dozen works by the artist.
Isaac Ilyich Levitan. (1860-1900)
Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born on August 30, 1860 in the small Lithuanian town of Kibarty, Kovno province.
His father was a small employee, the family was large and did not live well. The childhood of the future artist was so difficult that he subsequently tried never to think about him. At the age of twelve, Levitan entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. From the first years of study, the young man attracted the attention of the school teachers, among whom were the famous Russian artists Savrasov and Polenov, with his exceptional talent.
In 1879, Levitan was expelled from Moscow: according to a new decree, Jews are forbidden to live in the capital. For some time he and his relatives lived in a dacha in Saltykovka. At the same time, the artist continues to work hard and travel to Moscow every day. Soon, P.M. drew attention to the young talent. Tretyakov. He acquires the painting “Autumn Day. Sokolniki.
The first trip to the south for a poor artist was made possible by the fee received for the creation of theatrical scenery. In the spring of 1886, Levitan went to the Crimea to rest and improve his precarious health: he had a weak heart. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai. The sultry Crimean nature struck Levitan, he enthusiastically wrote to his friend Anton Chekhov from Yalta: “How nice it is here! Imagine now bright greenery, blue sky, and what a sky! Last night I climbed a rock and looked out over the sea from the top, and you know what, I wept, and I wept bitterly; this is where eternal beauty is and this is where a person feels his utter insignificance! Yes, what the words mean - you have to see it yourself in order to understand!
Levitan Isaac Ilyich - Seashore (Crimea). . 1886
With his work, the artist had a huge impact not only on Russian, but also on European art of the twentieth century. Having practically become the founder of the mood landscape genre, the master enriched the national culture, and his spiritual authority played a huge role in the fate of Russian landscape painting.
Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich. (1856 - 1933)
Apollinary Mikhailovich Vasnetsov - landscape painter, theater designer.
Born in the village of Ryabovo, Vyatka province, in the family of a priest. He studied painting with V.M. Vasnetsov, his elder brother.
The younger brother of the famous Viktor Vasnetsov, much less known, Apollinary Vasnetsov was by no means his timid shadow, but had a completely original talent. He did not receive a systematic art education. His school was direct communication and joint work with major Russian artists: his brother, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov, and others. The young artist is primarily interested in the landscape. His early works (1880s) are not free from the influences of older contemporaries.
Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich Crimea. Baydar Gate. 1890
In the 1870s, imitating the populists, he became a village teacher. From 1880 to 1887 he lived in St. Petersburg, worked in the magazines Picturesque Review, World Illustration, was a member of the Association of Wanderers and one of the organizers of the Union of Russian Artists (1903). Vasnetsov traveled a lot, an important place in his art is occupied by the landscapes of the Urals and Siberia, made in the style of the northern modern ("Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain", 1891; "Kama", 1895). In the early 1900s, he was already a well-known artist.
Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich Crimean view. 1893
In 1885-1886, Apollinary Mikhailovich undertook a trip to Russia. He visited Ukraine and Crimea. The artist attached great importance to his travels. In his autobiography we read: "I was brought up as a landscape painter and my travels and trips at home and abroad."
The Vasnetsov family keeps a "map of Russia, on which the artist himself marked with a red pencil about a hundred points - the Urals, Siberia, Crimea, the Caucasus, Ukraine, the coast of the Gulf of Finland, etc., where he wrote sketches and drew.
In the 1890s and 1924 Vasnetsov visited the Crimea, where he wrote several interesting works.
From 1901 to 1918, A.M. Vasnetsov taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, led the class of landscape painting after the death of I.I. Levitan.
An important place in his art was occupied by motifs of the virgin nature of the Urals and Siberia, images of ancient mountains, gloomy forests and full-flowing rivers - epic images adjacent to the art of the northern modern ("Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain", 1891; "Kama", 1895; " Northern Territory, Siberian River", 1899).
He went down in history primarily for his historical and architectural paintings.
Serov Valentin Alexandrovich. (1865-1911)
Born in the family of a composer and pianist. Portraitist. Studied with I.E. Repin, then entered the Academy of Arts. He visited Germany, Holland, Italy, where he studied European painting. He was a member of the Association of the Wanderers, but after its split he joined the association "World of Art". Member of the Council of the Tretyakov Gallery. He taught at MUZHVZ.
Serov Valentin Alexandrovich Iphigenia in Tauris 1893,
In 1880, Ilya Repin undertook a trip to the Crimea in order to collect material for the monumental canvas "Cossacks". With the master went on a journey and aspiring artist Valentin Serov. Pictures, sketches, sketches of a sixteen-year-old boy were not yet fully formed, but already here he manifests himself as a mature and gifted draftsman.
1887 glorified Serov. He painted the famous "Girl with Peaches" (portrait of young Vera Savvishna Mamontova).
In 1904, Valentin Alexandrovich visited Italy, three years later he went to Greece. Serov's works were recognized as the best at the Rome Exhibition of 1911 and demonstrated to the whole world the skill of a pan-European scale that Serov possessed.
Shadrin Alexander Petrovich.
Shadrin Alexander Petrovich was born on April 19, 1942 in the village of Karaidel, Bashkortostan, Russia.
After graduating from high school in Krasnoyarsk, he studied at the art school. V. Surikov, where he received his first serious skills in drawing and painting.
Service in the Navy in 1961-1965 brought him to Sevastopol, with which the artist linked his future fate.
In 1970 he graduated from the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, Faculty of Graphic Arts, head of the People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor AI Kurnakov.
He devoted many years to work on the restoration of the subject plan of the panorama "Defense of Sevastopol 1854-55", where he worked under the guidance of the oldest artist V.I. Working in the open air with the People's Artist of Ukraine P.K. Stolyarenko and the Honored Artists of Ukraine A.E. Vigilantly, developed and enriched his artistic palette.
Participant of many regional, republican and international exhibitions. The artist's paintings are kept in seven art museums in Ukraine and Russia, as well as in private collections in Germany, the USA, England, France, Italy, etc.
Member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine since 1992.
Honored Artist of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea since 2003.
Shadrin A P Alupka Park
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi.
Surprise is already such a detail that the exact date of Kuindzhi's birth has not been established. The biography begins with hesitation - either 1841 or 1842. It doesn't matter, but it's weird. In the same unusual way, the translation of his surname, which meant a goldsmith, will be reflected in all his activities as a painter. Arkhip was orphaned early. He was raised by poor relatives. Studying without diligence, he continuously drew on all scraps of paper that only came to hand. ......
Ai-Petri.
Russian painter Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi is a romantic among realist artists. He perfectly conveyed the color of the picture, unusual moments of lighting, creating the effect of the glow of colors. Contemporaries did not understand this attitude to painting, and he was often reproached for the unjustified extravaganza of bright colors.
Later, Arkhip Kuindzhi served with the Italian grain merchant Amoretti. His position was called "room boy", that is, a servant. The drawing went on. One of the host's guests advised Arkhip Kuindzhi to go to Feodosia, to the famous artist I. Aivazovsky, and even gave him a letter of recommendation. In 1855, at the height of the Crimean War, Arkhip Kuindzhi set off for the Crimea on foot. Aivazovsky was not in Feodosia at that time, so the young artist Adolf Fesler, a student of the marine painter, helped Kuindzhi get a job
Kuindzhi was very fond of the amazing nature of the Crimea, and often depicted it in his paintings and sketches.
“Cypresses on the seashore. Crimea".
1887.
Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich.
Artist Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich - academician of landscape painting, born in 1804, died on January 11, 1879, brother of Grigory Grigorievich Chernetsov; inferior to him in abilities and took, mainly diligence and perseverance. He was born in the city of Lukha, Kostroma province; The Society for the Encouragement of Artists brought him up at his own expense at the Academy of Arts, where he studied in the class of M. Vorobyov. In 1827 he was awarded the silver medal of the 1st dignity for landscape painting; in the same year, for the view of the gallery in the Imperial Hermitage, he received a second gold medal and the title of an artist of the XIV class.
The south coast of Crimea. View of Livadia from above, 1873, oil on canvas, 45.5 x 97 cm, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.
View at the foot of the Ayu-Dag, 1836, oil on canvas, 87 x 127 cm, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.
Traveled in the Caucasus (1829 - 1831) and Crimea (1833 - 1836). The Crimean series of sketches and watercolors by N. Chernetsov is the first in Russian art in terms of number and diversity. From 1837 he worked with his brother on the panorama of the banks of the Volga, combining classical panoramic constructions with documentary accuracy of details. The Chernetsov brothers made a great contribution to the development of the Russian landscape, primarily with national themes.
Tatar courtyard in the Crimea, 1839, oil on canvas, 47 x 71.5 cm, Saratov sovereign
Changed: Nadezda due to: Adding news.
Crimea by its nature and beauty in
always attracted people
art. They were artists and
poets, directors, actors,
musicians. Everyone went to Crimea
rest and inspiration. landscapes
the peninsulas delighted them all.
Today's post is about the artists whose
painting is in one way or another connected with
this amazing place.
Peninsula art
formed under the influence
many cultures, but at the same time
autonomous and a little closed.
Scythians, Taurians, Cimmerians,
Genoese, Tatars, Armenians, Slavs -
all the peoples inhabiting the Crimea
brought with them the best
weaved it into a common carpet
arts and crafts,
architecture and later art
pictorial
in XX. Most of the teachers of the Imperial Academy of Arts and
Moscow Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture worked in the Crimea. IN
museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg, and later in the Crimean museums, collected sketches,
still lifes, landscape and staffage paintings, ethnographic drawings
the best representatives of the domestic fine arts:
F. Vasiliev, I. Krachkovsky, A. Meshchersky, A. Bogolyubov, I. Levitan,
A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, K. Korovin, V. Serov, V. Surikov, V. Polenov,
P. Konchalovsky and others. Mikhail Matveyevich Ivanov (1748-1823)
At the end of the 18th century, the Russian artist was the first to pave the way to Stary Krym
Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov. In January 1780, he, then already an academician of painting,
sent to the governor of the southern provinces of Russia, Prince Potemkin, for
images of "cities and sights of the newly annexed lands", and
also those areas for which Russia was still fighting. Ivanov was enrolled in the headquarters
Potemkin and even received the rank of Prime Major. In 1783 Ivanov painted views
Old Crimea. Ten watercolors by this artist, dedicated to the Old Crimea and
its environs, are now kept in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817-1900).
As a boy, Ivan Aivazovsky fell in love with the seas of the Crimean
coast. His stormy, romantic imagination drew night
storms, endless expanses of water and the struggle of people with a raging
element. These vivid images were reflected in the work of his entire life.
Aivazovsky became the only artist of the Russian school who dedicated
all his extraordinary talent of seascape painting. For my long
life Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky created about 6 thousand
works. Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884)
Is it any wonder that the romantic Taurida turned out to be so attractive to
artists who brought to us visual images that are consonant, and sometimes even more
vivid than literary descriptions. A worthy place in a brilliant galaxy
famous names are occupied by the Italian Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884). His creativity
permeated with the light and festive atmosphere of the South, allows you to see the Crimea through the eyes
famous contemporaries of the artist, to feel like a discoverer of fanned
legends of the land of Taurida. Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich (1871-1943) - painter and graphic artist, known as
master of "fantastic landscape". He was born and lived almost all his life in Feodosia.
He flatly refused to study with Aivazovsky, because. he was attracted not by sea views, but
history of ancient Cimmeria. In 1891 he entered the Academy of Arts and studied
in the studio of the landscape painter Arkhip Kuindzhi, whom he also does not imitate. Voloshin (Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Aleksandrovich (1877 - 1932), poet,
critic, essayist, artist. Born on May 16 (28 n.s.) in Kyiv. Begins to study at
Moscow gymnasium, and finishes the gymnasium course in Feodosia. In 1927
an exhibition of Voloshin landscapes organized by the State
Academy of Artistic Sciences (with a printed catalog), which was the last
Voloshin's appearance on the public stage. Kuprin Alexander Vasilyevich (1880-1960)
Born in Borisoglebsk (Voronezh province) on March 10 (22), 1880 in the family
county school teacher. He studied at the Voronezh evening drawing classes.
Then he studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1906-1910). Subject
the Crimean peninsula densely settled in the work of Kuprin A.V. (1880-1960).
The artist visited many cities of the coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisaray,
mountains, monuments of history. His first work is considered "Deer Mountain". Vasily Ivanovich Surikov (1848-1916).
Born January 12, 1848 in Krasnoyarsk. School teacher N.V. Grebnev gave him
first painting lessons. To receive a full-fledged art education
Surikov leaves for St. Petersburg. There, in 1869, he entered the Academy
arts. Blessed Crimea became divine for Vasily Ivanovich
discovery, unquenchable delight and ... "swan song". He painted it
joy and left to posterity. He discovered the ancient land of Taurida in 1907. Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin (1861-1939).
Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin was born on November 23, 1861. Fourteen years old
he enters the architectural department of the Moscow School of Painting.
Konstantin Korovin loved the Crimea, and Gurzuf loved the Crimea the most. Vasily Dmitrievich
Polenov (1844-1927).
Born June 1, 1844
St. Petersburg. It is Russian
artist, master of history,
landscape and genre
painting, teacher.
In September 1887
V.D. Polenov wrote to his wife from
Yalta: "The more I walk on
the environs of Yalta, that's all
appreciate sketches more
Levitan. Neither Aivazovsky nor
Lagorio, neither Shishkin nor
Myasoyedov did not give such
true and typical
images of Crimea
Levitan".
"Knight of Beauty"
Polenova V.D. contemporaries. Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900). Born August 30, 1860 in
small Lithuanian town of Kybarty, Kovno province.
In the spring of 1886, Levitan went to the Crimea to rest and correct the shaky
health. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai.
The sultry Crimean nature struck Levitan, he enthusiastically wrote to a friend
To Anton Chekhov from Yalta: “How nice it is here! Imagine now a bright
greenery, blue sky, and what a sky! That's where the eternal beauty! Vasnetsov Apollinary Mikhailovich (1856 - 1933)
Apollinary Mikhailovich Vasnetsov - landscape painter, theater designer.
Born in the village of Ryabovo, Vyatka province, in the family of a priest. Studied painting with
V.M. Vasnetsov - older brother.
In 1885-1886, Apollinary Mikhailovich undertook a journey through
Russia. He visited Ukraine and Crimea. Serov Valentin Alexandrovich (1865-1911)
Born in the family of a composer and pianist. Portraitist. Studied with I.E. Repin,
then entered the Academy of Arts.
In 1880, Ilya Repin traveled to the Crimea in order to
collect material for the monumental canvas "Cossacks". Shadrin Alexander Petrovich.
Shadrin Alexander Petrovich was born on April 19, 1942 in the village of Karaidel,
Bashkortostan, Russia.
After graduating from high school in Krasnoyarsk, he studied at an art school
them. V. Surikov, where he received his first serious skills in drawing and painting.
Service in the Navy in 1961-1965 brought him to Sevastopol, with whom
the artist tied up his future fate.
Crimean artists
