Nikolai Leskov Portrait of Nikolai Leskov by Valentin Serov, 1894. Name at birth ... Wikipedia
Nikolai Semenovich Leskov- Russian writer Nikolai Semenovich Leskov was born on February 16 (February 4, old style) 1831 in the village of Gorohovo, Oryol province. His grandfather was a clergyman in the village of Leski, Karachevsky district, Oryol province. From the name of the village Leski was ... Encyclopedia of newsmakers
Nikolai Leskov N. S. Leskov. Drawing by I. E. Repin, 1888-89 Birth name: Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov Aliases: M. Stebnitsky Date of birth: February 4 (16), 1831 (18310216) ... Wikipedia
Nikolai Mikhailovich Lyubimov (November 20, 1912, Moscow December 22, 1992) is a famous Soviet translator, mainly from French and Spanish. State Prize (1978) for participation in the publication of the Library of World Literature in 200 volumes ... Wikipedia
- (November 20, 1912, Moscow December 22, 1992) famous Soviet translator, mainly from French and Spanish. State Prize (1978) for participation in the publication of the Library of World Literature in 200 volumes. Lyubimov translated more ... ... Wikipedia
An outstanding writer, at the beginning of his literary career, known under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky. Genus. February 4, 1831 in the Oryol province, in a poor semi-spiritual, semi-noble family. His father was the son of a priest, and only in his service ... Big biographical encyclopedia
Nikolai Semenovich (1831-1895) Russian writer. R. in the village of Gorokhov, Oryol province. in the family of a nobleman who came from the clergy. In 1847, after the death of his father and the destruction of all small property from a fire, he left the gymnasium and entered ... Literary Encyclopedia
Leskov, Nikolai Semyonovich- Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov. Leskov, Nikolai Semenovich LESKOV Nikolai Semenovich (1831-95), Russian writer. Anti-nihilistic novels (Nowhere, 1864; On Knives, 1870-71); chronicle novels about the Russian provinces (about the clergy “Soboryane”, 1872; about ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Leskov, Nikolai Semenovich, an outstanding writer, at the beginning of his literary activity, known under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky. Born February 4, 1831, died February 21, 1895. His father, the son of a priest, was serving as a noble assessor ... ... Biographical Dictionary
Books
- Classic. The Best of the Great in 36 volumes. Nikolay Leskov "The Enchanted Wanderer" , Nikolay Leskov , One of the volumes of the series "Classics. The Best of the Great" can become part of your family library. The book series is unique and conceived as beautifully designed gift books,… Category: Classical prose Series: Classic. The best of the great Manufacturer: Golden Artel,
- Nikolay Leskov. Small collected works, Nikolai Leskov, "He perfectly felt that elusive thing that is called the soul of the people," M. Gorky said about the author of the famous "Lefty", "The Enchanted Wanderer", "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District." Original… Category: Classical prose Series: Small collected works Publisher:
Russian writer Nikolai Semenovich Leskov was born on February 16 (February 4, old style) 1831 in the village of Gorokhovo, Oryol province. His grandfather was a clergyman in the village of Leski, Karachevsky district, Oryol province. From the name of the village of Leski, the family surname Leskovs was formed. Nikolai Leskov's father, Semyon Dmitrievich (1789-1848), served as an assessor of the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court and received hereditary nobility by seniority. Mother - Marya Petrovna Alferyeva (1813-1886) belonged to a noble family.
Nikolai Leskov's childhood years were spent in Orel, and in 1839, when his father retired and bought the Panino farm in the Kromsky district of the Oryol province, the whole family left Orel for their tiny estate. Leskov received his initial education in Gorokhovo in the house of the Strakhovs, wealthy maternal relatives, where he was sent by his parents due to a lack of his own funds for home education.
In 1941, Nikolai Leskov was sent to study at the Oryol provincial gymnasium, but he studied unevenly and in 1846, unable to pass the transfer exams, he was expelled. His father arranged for him to serve as a clerk in the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court. In those years, he read a lot, rotated in the circle of the Oryol intelligentsia. The sudden death of his father in 1848 and the "disastrous ruin" of the family changed the fate of Nikolai Leskov. At the end of 1949 he moved to Kyiv, where he lived with his uncle, a university professor.
From 1949 to 1956 he served in the Kyiv Treasury in various positions: first as assistant clerk at the recruiting desk of the revision department, from 1853 - collegiate registrar, then clerk, from 1856 - provincial secretary. During these years, Leskov did a lot of self-education. As a volunteer, he attended lectures on agronomy, anatomy, criminalistics, state law at Kiev University, studied the Polish language, participated in a religious and philosophical student circle, communicated with pilgrims, sectarians, and Old Believers.
In 1930-1940. Andrei Leskov (1866-1953), the writer's son, compiled a biography of Nikolai Leskov, published in 1954 in two volumes.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources.
1. Brief biographical information.
2. Leskov's anti-nihilistic novels.
3. The flourishing of the writer's work. The genre of the story.
4. Leskov and Christianity.
N. S. Leskov was born in 1831 on the estate of his father Gorokhov, located in the Oryol province. The grandfather of the future writer was a priest; father also studied at the seminary, but later chose a judicial career. Leskov always remembered his roots; knowledge of the life and customs of the clergy was reflected in the writer's work. Previously, Leskov's childhood passed on his father's estate: here the future writer got acquainted with the life of the peasants. These impressions also provided rich material for Leskov's works.
For several years, young Leskov studied at the gymnasium, after which he entered the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court as a scribe. After the death of his father, Leskov moved to Kyiv, where his uncle, who was a university professor, lived. The young man entered the service of the Kyiv State Chamber.
It should be noted that Leskov's versatile knowledge was the result of enhanced self-education. In Kyiv, the future writer met university teachers and icon painters of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. He read a lot, including works on topical topics.
A new turn in Leskov's life was associated with joining a commercial company, headed by his distant relative. On duty, Leskov traveled a lot around the country, visited the remote corners of Russia, which gave many new impressions, which were later embodied on the pages of works of art.
In 1861 the writer moved to Petersburg. Leskov had written articles and feuilletons before, but now he took up literature in earnest. His publicistic works soon attracted the attention of readers.
In his articles and works of art, Leskov acted as an opponent of revolutionary changes. The negative attitude towards the revolutionaries was reflected in the novels "Nowhere" and "On Knives", directed against the then fashionable ideological current of "nihilists", as the supporters of revolutionary changes called themselves. These novels were negatively received by many of the writer's contemporaries; some even suggested that the novel "Nowhere" was written by Leskov on the order of the III Department.
However, the writer's talent was truly manifested in such works as the stories "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" and "The Warrior", the chronicles "Old Years in the Village of Plodomasovo", "The Seedy Family" and "Cathedrals".
It is worth saying a few words about the chronicle "Soboryane". In this work, the writer promotes the idea that the clergy is not only the guardian of traditional values, but is also able to save Russia from the contradictions tearing it apart.
A generalized image of Russia rises from the pages of the story "The Sealed Angel" and the story "The Enchanted Wanderer", which almost immediately won success with readers. It is interesting to note that Leskov wrote these works in the form of tales, in which there is practically no author's assessment of the events described. In the form of a tale, the most famous works of Leskov are written, which literary critics consider as examples of the writer's style, "Lefty" and "Dumb Artist".
Leskov showed great interest in the religious life of society, in the spiritual search for the meaning of life and true faith. Gradually, Leskov came to understand Christianity as a supra-confessional religion, in connection with which in the works of the writer one can observe a critical attitude towards Orthodoxy and rapprochement with the views of L.N. Tolstoy.
It is interesting to follow how the writer's views on Orthodoxy have evolved. If in the story "At the End of the World" Leskov considers Orthodoxy as the basis of folk life, then in the essays "Trifles of Bishop's Life" and "Synodal Persons", as well as in the story "Midnight Occupants" Leskov criticizes the principles of official church life. The humanistic views of the writer are reflected in the cycle of "legends" from the life of the first Christians. These "legends" are artistically processed and creatively rethought legends that Leskov borrowed from the "Prologue" - an old Russian collection of hagiographies and legends. “The Tale of the Pious Woodchopper”, “Buffoon Pamphalon”, “Zeno the Goldsmith” act as a kind of artistic sermon of the “well-read Gospel”, alien to “church piety, narrow nationality and statehood”.
Leskov was always interested in creative experimentation. Since the writer created his works in different genres - anecdotes, fairy tales, legends, memoirs, and so on - this also implied a significant difference in artistic style. It should be noted that Leskov achieved great success in language stylization. In the cycle of stories "Notes of an Unknown Man" the writer successfully imitated the language of the 18th century, in "The Hare's Remise" he used the Aesopian style of narration, the legend "Beautiful Aza" is written in colorful language, and the story "On Christmas Offended" was created in an exquisitely simple manner.
L. N. Tolstoy called Leskov "the writer of the future." Indeed, the scale and originality of this writer's talent were appreciated only in the 20th century. M. Gorky wrote a number of articles devoted to the fate and work of N. S. Leskov, B. M. Eikhenbaum in his works analyzed the features of Leskov's tale manner, B. M. Kustodiev created a series of illustrations for the writer's works. D. D. Shostakovich wrote the opera "Katerina Izmailova" based on Leskov's story "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District"; many of Leskov's works were staged on the theater stage, as well as filmed.
(461 words) The second half of the 19th century for Russian literature is the era of the birth of the greatest prose writers. Among them, N.S. Leskov, who displayed in his prose the inimitable national flavor of Rus'.
Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (1831-1895) comes from the province (Oryol province), from the family of a commoner. As a child, the future writer did not differ in diligence: he stayed in the gymnasium for 5 years, but during this time he graduated from only two classes. When Leskov was sixteen, his father died of cholera, and the young man had to leave his studies and start supporting his family.
Two years later, the young man moved to Kyiv, where he studied languages and iconography. Later, M. Gorky would compare Leskov's style with this ancient art. Being the grandson of a priest, Nicholas was keenly interested in religion, rotating in a religious and philosophical circle, where he was acquainted with sectarians and Old Believers.
Career and service
Continuing to move up the career ladder, Leskov married in 1853 Olga Smirnova, the daughter of a merchant. The government service was not to the liking of the future writer, and he left it in 1957 to work in his uncle's private firm, Schcott and Wilkins. At the same time, family problems force the spouses to disperse.
As an agent, he traveled a lot, got acquainted with the everyday and linguistic diversity of the country, which will play an important role in his work.
Literary activity
After the collapse of the company in 1860, the author moved back to Kyiv, where he actively worked as a journalist and writer in the media. The province did not satisfy his ambitions, and he goes to conquer the capital. He manifests himself as a literary critic in the well-known magazine "Northern Bee". The author begins his first steps in the literary field under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky, sometimes signed Leskov-Stebnitsky.
The year 1863 became one of the most fruitful in the life of a writer. He publishes the novels The Life of a Woman and The Musk Ox, and the novel Nowhere is published in the Library for Reading magazine. These debut creations attracted the attention of critics, but there were few flattering reviews. The radicals saw the novice author as a slanderer-reactionary, for which the majority of authoritative writers turned their backs on him. The astute Apollon Grigoriev was approving of Leskov, who highly appreciated the work published in 1864 - “Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District”.
fame and success
The success of the writer was brought by one of his main novels - "The Cathedral", where the genre of chronicles tells about the life of the clergy. Leskov's conservative views impressed the Empress, thanks to which he became a member of the committee under the Ministry of Education.
However, towards the end of his life, the author departs from his former convictions and joins the radicals, for which he loses his place on the committee. His later works are full of satire and desire to expose officials and clergy, such as "The Beast", "Dumb Artist", "Scarecrow".
Recognition and death
Many contemporaries appreciated Leskov for the unique language of his works. It was important for the author that his characters speak in a way that befits their occupation and place of residence. Not all writers were able to reconstruct the speech of a merchant or a priest so accurately.
L.N. Tolstoy called the writer a nugget, M. Gorky put him on a par with Turgenev and Gogol, and Chekhov considered Leskov his mentor.
He died from a complication of a serious illness. It is known that the author suffered from asthma for a long time.
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1831 , February 4 (16) - was born in the village of Gorokhovo, Orlovsky district, in the family of Semyon Dmitrievich Leskov and his wife Maria Petrovna (nee Alferyeva).
1839 - his father S.D. Leskov, a noble assessor of the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court, retires. The Leskov family moves from Orel to their estate - p. Panino, Kromsky district, Oryol province.
1841–1846 - studying at the Oryol provincial gymnasium. Receives a certificate from the Oryol gymnasium about the "sciences" he studied in two classes.
1847 - accepted for service in the Oryol Chamber of the Criminal Court "with assignment to the 2nd category of clerical servants." The plot of the story "Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District" was inspired by the service of that time.
1849 - "moved to the staff of the Kyiv State Chamber." Moves to Kyiv, where he lives with his uncle S.P. Alferyev.
1857 - transports the Oryol peasants of Count Perovsky to Ponizovye (the failures of this assignment are subsequently depicted in the story "Product of Nature").
1857–1859 - commercial service in the English company "Schcott and Wilkens" and "traveling around Russia". - "This is the best time of my life when I saw a lot."
1860
, May - return with family to Kyiv.
June 21 - the appearance of the first correspondence of Leskov in "St. Petersburg Vedomosti", 1860, N 135 (with his full signature) - "On the sale of the gospel in Russian at exalted prices."
1861
, January - Leskov comes to St. Petersburg for the second time. He visits T. G. Shevchenko, who gives him his "Southern Russian Primer".
February 28 - attends the funeral service and funeral of Taras Shevchenko.
From now on, Leskov's life will be connected with St. Petersburg. The writer changed many addresses, he lived for the longest time on Furshtatskaya Street.
1862 - the beginning of cooperation in the newspaper "Northern Bee" - editorial "Happy New Year, New Happiness!" (without signature) in No. 1.
1863 - the beginning of the publication of the story "The Life of a Woman" - "Library for Reading", 1863, No. 7.
1864 - the beginning of the publication of the novel "Nowhere" under the pseudonym M. Stebnitsky - "Library for Reading" (as part of the polemic with the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky "What to do?").
1865 –1866 - work on the story "The Islanders".
1871
March 4 - Leskov was at the organizational meeting of the Literary and Artistic Circle in the Demut Hotel. There were 160 representatives of literature and art; among them: I. S. Turgenev, P. V. Annenkov, M. O. Mikeshin, P. D. Boborykin, A. G. Rubinstein, M. A. Balakirev, V. V. Samoilov, M. A. Zichy , M. P. Klodt.
June - publication in St. Petersburg of a separate edition of the essay "The Mysterious Man".
November - release in Moscow of a separate edition of "On the Knives".
1873
- publication of the story "The Sealed Angel" - "Russian Messenger", 1873, No. 1.
Sends the first edition of the story "The Enchanted Wanderer" (under the title "Black Earth Telemak") to the "Russian Messenger" in Moscow.
August-September - publication of a series of travel notes "Monastic Islands on Lake Ladoga" - "Russian World", 1873, Nos. 206–208, 219, 220, 224, 226, 227, 232, 233, 236.
1881
April - early May - work on the works "The Tale of the Tula Oblique Left-hander and the Steel Flea" and "Leon, the Butler's Son".
October. The beginning of the publication of "The Tale of the Tula Oblique Left-hander and the Steel Flea" - "Rus", 1881, No. 49.
1889–1890 - Publication of collected works.
1895 , February 21 (March 5) - died in St. Petersburg, was buried on the Literary bridges of the Volkov cemetery.
