Kir Bulychev real name surname. art films

Kir Bulychev - Russian and Soviet writer, historian, orientalist was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow.

Childhood

“I have everything from my mother,” said the famous author of many works. He will call the heroines of his books by her name and patronymic. The father left the family before the start of the war. The stepfather who replaced him died two days before the victory.

Maria Mikhailovna had a hard time with two children. She changed many jobs, while continuing to study and master new specialties.
She worked hard at the factory, worked as a driver, was the commandant of the fortress, in which shells and cartridges were stored.

When Igor was born, he had to change his military uniform for civilian clothes. During the years of war hard times, she again got into service, fulfilling her duty to the Motherland.

As a student at the Institute of Foreign Languages, Bulychev did not sit still. He went somewhere, traveled somewhere, climbed mountains, wanted to see as much as possible. Having received a diploma, he worked in distant Burma (now Myanmar) at a construction site.

In childhood

Then he entered the Institute of Oriental Studies and, working in the magazine "Around the World", on the instructions of the editorial board, traveled to thousands of different places on the globe. So the outlook of the future writer was amazing.

Journalism, science and the third - "frivolous" path to science fiction. I had to hide behind a pseudonym, because at one moment, and Mozheiko was then 33 years old, one of his stories was accepted for publication.

He worked at the institute and did not want them to know about his side hobbies. In addition, part-time work in Soviet times was not approved. Igor Vsevolodovich could not assume then that he would become a writer, but he did not want to aggravate his position at work.

He admitted that he had many sins - he didn’t go to the collective farm, skipped the trade union meeting, acted uncomradely with someone. For the ideologically sustained Soviet era, it was almost an anti-social element. Therefore, he took the name of his wife, his mother's surname and became Kir Bulychev. In different periods of creativity, there were also five other pseudonyms.

Career

It is interesting that the writer did not associate fantasy with a dream and believed in goodness as such, in friendship. He did not associate universal human values ​​with any religion, in which he was well versed. He said that the existence of a higher mind is quite possible, but he was not given to understand this, since such things are so much higher than him.

Igor Vsevolodovich sat down to write a book, not knowing in advance how it would end and what the ending would be. Otherwise, he was just bored. Therefore, he did not become an outstanding scientist, as he himself claimed.

The scientist and prose writer was convinced that the future was unpredictable. He considered charlatans those who guessed and promised soon the onset of the end of the world, a worldwide catastrophe and the apocalypse.

He cited as an example a scientifically calculated forecast made in the second half of the 19th century - in a hundred years the streets of large cities will not be able to be cleared of heaps of manure due to the ever-increasing horse-drawn transport.

Regarding the issues of faith in something or someone, the author of many books is sure that the main thing is to be thinking, critically thinking, thinking people. After all, the population of Russia was taught to believe on orders from above, so there were no problems with the change of another faith and will not be.

They believed Stalin, then it turned out that this was a cult of personality. They believed Khrushchev - in the end they declared him a voluntarist and a rogue. They believed Brezhnev, and after his death it turned out that he was a senile and the cause of stagnation. They believed Gorbachev, but five years later the USSR collapsed, and the last Soviet leader was none other than a traitor and an enemy.

Bulychev emphasized in one of his interviews that the people who are accustomed to believe, and not to think, will always experience various troubles. As a historian and doctor of sciences, he believed that the state in which he lived would certainly fall apart, but he did not think that this would happen so soon. Everyone needs to learn history well.

Multifaceted talent

What is censorship, a popular science fiction writer knows well and difficulties with it have arisen repeatedly. However, according to Igor Vsevolodovich, everything depends on the writer himself. In order not to make a deal with his conscience, then for "life and food" he wrote things that would be printed.

If he wanted to write material that censorship would not let through, Bulychev wrote it, but showed it only to close relatives and friends. When the Soviet times ended, all the articles that were "on the table" are now printed.

He was not built into the system, he kept a distance from his colleagues. In that situation, it turned out to be easier on my own, no one would set me up. The writer has never been mean. I did not consider myself a revolutionary or a fighter. After reading the book "How to become a science fiction writer.

Notes of the Seventies ”the thought creeps in that Bulychev began to write because life ordered it that way. It couldn't have been otherwise. The feeling that not a single character has "merged" with its author. Some kind of sediment on the writer's soul, a certain disappointment is felt.

The legacy of the writer is really not small. This includes different works, divided into thematic groups, which are united by one plot and common characters. Here is a teenage girl, and an agent, and a doctor, a cheerful city, then a sad city, other characters and fantastic lines.

A separate line goes novels and stories not collected in a specific general cycle. Among them are Bulychev's significant works, each of which deserves a separate article. The novel "Refuge" saw the light after the death of a wonderful writer and was a kind of Russian answer to the young English wizard Harry Potter.

Educational publications and documentary works. Among them are "Secrets of the Ancient World", "Historical Secrets of the Russian Empire". Encyclopedias and reference books, anthologies, several plays, stories (“When the dinosaurs died out”, etc.), fairy tales. And also translations of fantastic works by foreign authors - Arthur C. Clarke, Mac Reynolds, and others. And another 600 poems by the author and dozens of short stories.

There were also adaptations of feature films. This is especially true of the five-episode film "Guest from the Future", which brought the author of the story "One Hundred Years Ahead" closer to fame. At the same time, this film was banned in Holland due to sexual discrimination.

Incredible stupidity, even with all the bias of their legislation. And in the film Through Thorns to the Stars, the party authorities did not allow many episodes to be shown, although the viewer finds himself in a completely fictional world with aliens, and the events take place in the 23rd century.

A wonderful cartoon, where the Govorun bird is smart and quick-witted.

Personal life

Bulychev was an optimistic person, he liked to joke. He is from the generation that was "understanding", so in his works his humor is sad. He did not want to go into history, arguing that, as a rule, murderers enter into it: rulers, kings, generals.

And the science fiction writer tried to live in peace and not spoil the lives of other people, although they envied him and tried in various ways to discredit the name of the writer. His success and brightness did not give rest to those who surrounded him in everyday life. He tried to treat it like a minor annoyance.

Bulychev was married to Kira Soshinsky, a writer and professional artist who made illustrations for his books. When a daughter was born, her father was looking for a non-standard name for her. He called Alice, and then the heroine of the books was named that way (reminds her namesake from Carroll's fairy tales). Grandson Timothy is an architect. Together with their mother, they have a common hobby - they like to dive into the water with scuba gear.

Bulychev and Kira Soshinskaya

Having the institute of translators behind him, the literary critic said that his first language was English, and the second Czech. It was believed theoretically that Bulychev knew the Burmese language, but practically he did not know it.

The writer collected headgear and service badges, and before that flintlock pistols and sabers. He considered himself a great connoisseur of phaleristics (awards). I had to buy and exchange semi-legally different antiques at unadvertised flea markets somewhere on the Lenin Hills. Now it is Sparrow Hills. Sometimes the police dispersed all these lovers of stamps, coins and shabby rarities.

When computers appeared, he did not work on them. There is a photo where the writer is sitting in front of a turned off computer. The wife always drove the car, Igor Vsevolodovich - no. There are no detailed technical descriptions in novels and short stories. This is what his daughter testifies. It is even surprising, because in interplanetary flights, nature as such is completely absent, only technology and electronics.

Bulychev was very far from home life. Unless he bought groceries. Being an impractical person, he somehow poured boiling water into a bottle, which caused it to explode.

Always wore a jacket, as there are many pockets. They had to put notebooks, various notes and other pieces of paper. His back ached because of a heavy bag stuffed to the eyeballs with books, which Igor Vsevolodovich carried over his shoulder.

Once Bulychev smuggled two little monkeys from India in the pockets of his overcoat. They lived in his apartment for several years. My daughter fed them, she remembers how biting these lemurs were, although incredibly beautiful.

The science fiction writer had no particular taste for food. Favorite dishes are boiled beef sprinkled with salt and milk. There was a dacha in the Moscow region, but then it burned down. In general, he was no gardener.

What kind of shovel is there, lying on the grass and reading books - this is the main occupation. In fact, I have not been on vacation in my entire life and have not been involved in sports. He watched football matches on TV, he liked it.

The writer died at the age of 68, the cause was oncology, with which he struggled for a long time. He had a certain negative attitude, which Igor Vsevolodovich voiced more than once, saying that his father had lived for 69 years, and that he supposedly would no longer shine either. You can't program yourself for the negative.

About Bulychev in his house is reminiscent of a lot of gifts that he brought from afar. For example, extraordinary beauty coral beads from the Philippines, as well as watercolors painted by him hanging on the walls.

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Nickname - Kir Bulychev.

Real name - Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko. Born October 18, 1934 in Moscow, died September 5, 2003. Soviet science fiction writer, orientalist, falerist, screenwriter. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1982).

Nickname formed from the name of the wife of Kira Alekseevna Soshinskaya and the maiden name of the writer's mother, Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Initially pseudonym Igor Vsevolodovich was "Kirill Bulychev". Subsequently, the name "Kirill" on the covers of books began to be abbreviated - "Kir." There was also a combination of Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev. The writer kept his real name secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious occupation, and was afraid that after disclosure alias will be fired.

In addition to the main alias, Igor Vsevolodovich used several more: Igor Vsevolodovich Vsevolodov, Nikolai Lozhkin, Lev Mints.

And the very first fantastic work - the story "Debt of hospitality", was published as "a translation of the story of the Burmese writer Maun Sein Ji." Bulychev subsequently used this name several more times.

Interestingly, few people could call him by his patronymic, and if someone wanted to talk to the writer on the street, then Kir-Kirych usually turned to him.

Igor Vsevolodovich was born in the family of Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko and Maria Mikhailovna Bulycheva.

Father, Vsevolod Nikolaevich Mozheiko, a native of the Belarusian-Lithuanian gentry Mozheiko of the Trumpet coat of arms.

Mother was the daughter of an officer, Colonel Mikhail Bulychev, a fencing teacher in the First Cadet Corps, and before the revolution she studied at the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens.

In the 1930s, Vsevolod Nikolaevich left his family. Stepfather, Yakov Isaakovich Bokinnik, a chemist, died at the front in 1945.

After graduating from school, Igor entered the Maurice Thorez Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages ​​according to the Komsomol order, graduating in 1957. For two years he worked in Burma as a translator and correspondent for APN, in 1959 he returned to Moscow and entered the postgraduate course at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He wrote historical and geographical essays for the magazines "Around the World" and "Asia and Africa Today".

In 1962 he graduated from graduate school, since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies, specializing in the history of Burma. In 1965 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "The Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)", in 1981 - his doctoral dissertation on the topic "The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma". In the scientific community, he is known for his works on the history of Southeast Asia.

Several dozen books have been published, the total number of published works is hundreds. In addition to writing his own works, he was engaged in the translation into Russian of fantastic works by American writers.

More than twenty works have been screened, in particular, based on the story “One Hundred Years Ahead” (1977), a five-episode film “Guest from the Future” was shot - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s. In 1982, he won the State Prize of the USSR for the scripts for the feature film Through Hardships to the Stars and the full-length cartoon The Secret of the Third Planet. At the presentation of the State Prize and was disclosed pseudonym, however, the expected dismissal did not take place.

He also acted as an editor in fantasy magazines “Noon. XXI century” and “If”.

Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Award (1997). Knight of the Order of the Knights of Science Fiction (2002).

His wife is a science fiction writer, artist, illustrator of his books, translator, architect by education, daughter - Alisa Lyutomskaya (Mozheiko) (born 1960) - architect, Alisa Selezneva is named after her, grandson Timofey is a student at Moscow Architectural Institute.

In 1962 he completed postgraduate studies at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Since 1963 he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

In 1965 he defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic "Pagan State (XI-XIII centuries)". In 1981 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the theme "The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma".

In the scientific world, he is known for his works on the history of Southeast Asia.

The writer's first science-fiction publications were the hoax story "Debt of Hospitality" (1965; published as a translation, the author is "Maung Sein Gee, a Burmese prose writer") and a selection of short stories "The Girl Whom Nothing Would Happen to" (1965). The tales of adventures on Earth and in space by a 21st-century girl, Alisa Selezneva, with which Bulychev made his debut in science fiction, marked the beginning of a long series that brought the author significant success and popularity among teenage readers. The stories about Alice, first published in various anthologies (and repeatedly reprinted), were collected in the collections "The Girl from the Earth" (1974), "One Hundred Years Ahead" (1978), "A Million Adventures" (1982), "The Girl from the Future" ( 1984), "Fidget" (1985), "Prisoners of the Asteroid" (1988), "Alice's New Adventures" (1990).

Kira Bulychev is characterized by a craving for the creation of cycles of works, united by heroes, a plot basis, a common idea and style. Another cycle of the writer's works is the town of Veliky Guslyar. It has its own geographical prototype - Veliky Ustyug. Bulychev came up with about 70 stories and stories about the Great Guslyar and its inhabitants, which were partially combined into the collection Miracles in Guslyar (1972).

The series about Alice organically adjoins the cycle of novels about the comic Dr. Pavlysh, the prototype of which was Vladislav Pavlysh, the ship's doctor on the dry-cargo ship Segezha. The cycle includes one of Bulychev's best early stories "The Snow Maiden" (1973), the stories "The Great Spirit and the Fugitives" (1972), "The Law for the Dragon" (1975) and the novel "The Last War" (1970) - one of the few in Soviet literature of works describing the consequences of a nuclear war, however, on another planet.

Works of the short form were collected in the collections "People as People" (1975), "Summer Morning" (1979), "Pass" (1983), "Abduction of the Sorcerer" (1989), "Coral Castle" (1990).

Fantastic elements are also contained in a number of historical and adventure books by Bulychev - the story "The Sword of General Bandula" (1968) and the novel "An Earthquake in Ligon the other day" (1980).

In the 1990s, the writer tried to significantly expand the subject matter of his works. Bulychev's collection "Apology" (1990) includes stories of various levels and topics. He wrote detective stories (mini-cycle "Lydia Berestova"), poems, plays.

Beginning in 1989, Bulychev worked on a large novel, The Chronos River, the first parts of which were published in 1993-1994. The novel developed into the "Chronos" cycle, consisting of several novels.

Bulychev also actively published literary critical publications - essays, afterwords, journalistic articles devoted to the history and problems of science fiction literature or the work of individual writers. In a number of critical works, the historical-critical essay "The Stepdaughter of the Epoch" (1989) stands out, which is an outline for a book that tells about the dramatic fate of Soviet science fiction during its formation (1917-1940); also an essay on the life and work of the outstanding American writer Robert Heinlein, a number of afterwords to collections of foreign writers.

He translated fantastic works of English and American writers into Russian.

All the fairy tales and fiction of Igor Mozheiko were written under the pseudonyms Kir (Kirill) Bulychev and some others (Nikolai Lozhkin, Lev Khristoforovich Mints, Yuri Mitin), under his last name he wrote only popular science works and acted as a researcher. In 1982, the pseudonym was revealed due to the fact that the writer received the State Prize for the screenplay for the films "The Secret of the Third Planet" and "Through Hardships to the Stars".

More than 20 Bulychev's works have been screened, in particular, based on the story "One Hundred Years Ahead" (1977), a five-episode film "Guest from the Future" was made - one of the most popular children's films in the USSR in the mid-1980s.

Kir Bulychev was a laureate of the Aelita-97 science fiction award, in 2004 he posthumously became the laureate of the sixth international award in the field of science fiction literature named after Arkady and Boris Strugatsky ("ABS-award") in the nomination "Criticism and journalism" for a series of essays "The Stepdaughter of the Epoch ".

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

• Kir Bulychev (real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko) was born on October 18, 1934 in Moscow.
• 1952 - Bulychev graduated from high school and entered the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Languages. Maurice Thorez.
• 1957 - receiving a diploma, after which Mozheiko went to Burma, to work as an interpreter and correspondent for APN (News Press Agency of Mass Public Organizations) in construction.
• 1959 - return to Moscow. Mozheiko enters graduate school at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Then he began to collaborate with the magazines "Around the World" and "Asia and Africa Today", writes popular science articles.
• 1961 - The first story of the writer "Maung Jo will live" is written and published.
• 1962 - the end of graduate school, after which Mozheiko goes to the Institute of Oriental Studies and works there, specializing in the history of Burma. He has written many articles in this area, so he is known in the scientific community not only for science fiction novels.
• 1965 - defense of a Ph.D. thesis on the topic "The Pagan State of the XI - XIII centuries."
• The same year - the story-hoax "Debt of hospitality" was written. The author was listed as "the Burmese prose writer Maun Sein Ji", and the story itself was filed as a translation. At the same time, a selection of short stories "The Girl with whom nothing will happen" was written. The prototype of the main character Alisa Selezneva was the little daughter of the writer.
• The pseudonym "Kir Bulychev" was created because the writer was not sure that the leadership of his main place of work (the Institute of Oriental Studies) would adequately treat science fiction. Bulycheva is the maiden name of the writer's mother. The name Cyril was first written in full, then shortened to "Kir.", and later the dot was removed.
• Tales and stories about Alisa Selezneva were written in general for almost a quarter of a century. The writer's daughter grew up, and she already had her own children, but the demand for books about Alice did not decrease. Many works were filmed, feature films and cartoons were shot on them. However, these books for children and adolescents were not the only ones written by Kir Bulychev, and Alice was not his only heroine.
• 1972 - Bulychev publishes a collection of short stories "Miracles in Guslyar".
• 1974 - a new collection of short stories about Alisa Selezneva "The Girl from the Earth" is published.
• In addition to "series" plots united by heroes (like Alice) or a place of events (like Guslyar), Bulychev also wrote small scattered fantastic stories. They are published in the collections People as People (1975), Summer Morning (1979), Pass (1983), Abduction of the Sorcerer (1989), Coral Castle (1990).
• 1978 - a series of new stories about Alice was written, which received the general title "One Hundred Years Ahead."
• 1981 - Bulychev defends his doctoral dissertation on the topic "The Buddhist Sangha and the State in Burma."
• 1982 - Bulychev was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the scripts for the film "Through Hardships to the Stars" and the cartoon "The Secret of the Third Planet". Only after that was the pseudonym revealed. Bulychev did not lose his job.
• The same year - the book "A Million Adventures" is published.
• 1984 - the book "Girl from the Future" was published.
• 1985 - the book "Fidget" is published.
• 1987 - 1990 - several collections from the cycle "Guslyar" ("Great Guslyar", "Deeply respected microbe, or Guslyar in space", "Martian potion. The most complete chronicle of the Great Guslyar") are published in succession.
• 1988 - a new collection of stories about Alisa Selezneva and her friends "Prisoners of the Asteroid" was written.
• 1989 - the "Guslar" story "Perpendicular World" is published.
• 1990 - Alice's New Adventures was written.
• 1997 - Bulychev becomes the winner of the Aelita science fiction award.
• September 5, 2003 - Kir Bulychev dies in Moscow. He was buried at the Miussky cemetery.
• 2004 - for a series of essays "The Stepdaughter of the Epoch", the writer was posthumously awarded the sixth international prize in the field of fantastic literature named after Arkady and Boris Strugatsky in the nomination "Criticism and journalism".