The onset of the cold season does not mean at all that you need to hide at home under cozy bedspreads, as winter provides a lot of opportunities for outdoor activities. And it is precisely this kind of rest that should accompany your leisure time in order to keep you in good physical shape and help improve your health. Skiing is a full-fledged workout of all major muscle groups with maximum performance, and even in the fresh air. For example, you can go skiing, familiar to us from childhood. Despite the fact that in recent years more and more fans of alpine skiing have begun to appear, there are also lovers of more relaxed cross-country skiing. However, before choosing skis for skating, you need to decide what types of these products are in general.
Main varieties
Cross-country skiing according to its purpose is usually divided into two main types: for classic and skating. In the classic style of skiing, the skier moves the skis parallel to each other, and in skating, the athlete steps in the same way as skaters walk, that is, he uses the inside of the ski to push off the snow. That is why it is worth knowing how to choose skis for skating, so that when you visit an online store or a regular sports equipment store, you will be guided by your needs.
Production material
If we talk about what these products can be made of, then there are only two options - plastic and different types of wood. The former have a whole range of advantages over the latter, as they are characterized by strength, durability and the ability to develop significant speeds. They do not delaminate, which cannot be said about wooden ones, which are prone to changing their properties as a result of repeated contacts with water. However, the main advantage of wooden skis is their cost, which makes them an excellent option for beginners who are just starting to take their first hard steps in the snow.
Skating ski options
Knowing the basic parameters will help answer the question of how to choose skis for skating. What to choose, in the end, will depend on their rigidity and length. The selection process should be as thorough as possible, since the convenience of the skier depends on this, but the personal preferences of the athletes also play a significant role in this situation. It is important to understand that skis are intended for skating, which are shorter and more rigid compared to the classics, but here it should be remembered that hard skis are much more difficult to manage. If you answer the question of how to choose skis for skating by height, then it must be borne in mind that their length should be 10 cm more than the athlete’s height.
Subtleties of choice
Skis for skating differ from classic models in the absence of curved noses, and their height, as already mentioned, should be only 10 cm more than the skier's height. When buying this option, it is very important to choose the right stiffness. Ideally, it should be calculated as follows: skis must be installed on a flat surface, after which a person stands on them, evenly distributing their weight on both skis. Next, you need to take a probe, it can even be a sheet of paper to measure the clearance zone between the floor and the ski in front and behind in relation to the boot. It should be approximately 35-40 and 10-15 cm, respectively. After the skier transfers the entire body weight to one ski, the clearance zone should become 10 cm smaller and less in the back and front, while the gap should end earlier than the heel of the boot is located.
However, not every store will allow you to do such a check, so you can use another method. If you are deciding how to choose skis for skating, then there is another option for checking them. It is required to install the skis vertically, fold them to each other with sliding surfaces, put your hands on the blocks, and then squeeze them with force. If the gap between the skis is about 3-4 mm, then they are quite suitable for you, and with a gap of 1-2 mm, we can conclude that they are too soft for you.
So, now you understand how to choose skis for skating in terms of stiffness. Now it is worth saying that it is not recommended to buy these products in a hypermarket. It would be best to go to a sports store, where you can, with the help of a consultant, choose the most suitable option for yourself. Usually, such specialists are well versed in how to choose skis for skating. Fisher is a popular brand to look out for as it produces high quality products at a reasonable price. Each manufacturer has its own line for each category of skis, with different features and prices. In this case, the choice of one or another option depends primarily on how much you are willing to spend.
ski boots
If we talk about how to choose skis for skating, then one of the important attributes in this case are ski boots. They should be rigid, high, fix the ankle. For these purposes, it is completely inappropriate to use classic boots, since they are low, and the legs in them will get tired very quickly during such skating. As a result, you will not get any pleasure. The size should correspond to the size of the foot, while there is no need to leave a margin for woolen socks. Modern boots are characterized by density, softness, and their thermal parameters are designed for use with one toe, but rather dense.
The correct selection of boots is an additional answer to the question of how to choose skis for skating. Much distinguishes them from the classics, so in the store you should once discard all unsuitable options. Boots may well become the most expensive part of the “skis - bindings - boots - poles” set, but you should not save on them, because poles and skis can be changed next season, and boots will last you another 10-15 years, no less.
ski poles
There is one general principle here: the lighter the sticks, the better. The same principle applies to skis and boots. Lighter sticks are made from carbon fiber or carbon fiber, but they are quite expensive, so it is recommended to take fiberglass products. They are characterized by rigidity, lightness and relative cheapness. If we talk about how to choose skis for skating by height, then it is important to know that poles should also be selected according to height. On average, their length should be 15-20 cm less than the height of the athlete himself. But even here it is possible that the skier will select sticks according to his own criteria, because it is convenient for everyone to use them in different ways.
Ski waxing
If it has already been said about how to choose skis for skating, now it is necessary to decide on the preparation of skis for operation, and this is impossible without their lubrication. In professional circles, at least ten layers of various lubricants and accelerator powders are applied to the sliding surface using a special iron, scrapers and brushes. Skating enthusiasts do not need to resort to such tricks, but they cannot completely abandon the use of lubricant. It's all about the composition of the sliding surface of the skis, because it consists of high molecular weight polyethylene, and it begins to gradually wear out from constant contact with snow. If you do not lubricate the skis, then this surface will gradually turn into completely unsuitable for skiing, which will require you to carry the skis to a professional for the scraping operation. After every 2-3 rides, it is recommended to rub the skis with special purpose paraffin, and then rub it with a stiff brush. Manufacturers have taken care of the laziest as well, for these purposes they produce aerosols that must be used before each ride.
skating
If your decision to learn how to ski is pretty solid, then you should first decide what style of skiing you will use. In accordance with this, you also need to purchase skis. Not so long ago, people began to skate - in the eighties of the twentieth century. The ancestor of this style is considered Gunde Svan - the legendary skier from Sweden, who became the Olympic champion four times.
The peculiarity of this type of skiing is that the athlete is repelled from the track by the inside of the ski. At the same time, the route should have a large width, and also be well-packed. The advent of skating style has led to a change in the familiar look of traditional classic cross-country skiing. In addition to the fact that these are shorter skis with blunt noses, these are also products with a center of gravity shifted by 25 cm. In this case, in order to answer the question of how to choose skis for skating by weight and height, you need to understand that not only the type of snow is important here, but also your personal preferences.
If you just love Sunday skiing in the snow, then your best bet is to opt for models of medium and low hardness. Very rigid products have quite significant drawbacks - they spring and slip at the moment of push. But here it is important to understand that their rigidity is proportional to their own weight - the larger this indicator, the greater the rigidity should be. For children, only soft skis should be selected. With their help, the process of mastering skiing will be much easier. Buying skis "for growth" is the most significant mistake of parents. This is with regard to the question of how to choose skis for skating by weight.
The length is selected according to the formula already indicated earlier: height plus 10-15 cm. For sticks, the formula is a bit similar - height minus 20 cm. How to choose shoes has already been said earlier.
Mounts
Another important point that concerns the question of how to choose skis for skating. It is associated with the choice of mounts for them. For amateur skiers, experts usually recommend stopping at NORDIK 75 bindings. In general, these devices can be mechanical or automatic. The first option involves manual latching, and their reliability is quite high. Automatic bindings have a peculiarity in that they work after the boot bracket is placed in the groove. This type for amateurs will be the best choice.
Fisher skis
How to choose skis for skating "Fischer"? There is something to say here. Why do people prefer this particular brand? These are high quality skis with excellent performance. The main advantage of Fischer skating skis is their highest strength and a special hollow core, which makes the body as light as possible. In addition, many models are produced using advanced technologies, for example, in the carrier material there are special carbon fibers that take on the task of providing maximum flexibility with extreme strength. Perfect skating comfort is ensured by the use of a patented profile. Reducing the mass of skis became possible due to the use of a holey toe.
Another advantage of these products is the maximum removal of reference points. This allows the athlete to gain the maximum stability that can be required in biathlon training and competition. We continue to figure out how to choose skis for skating. Reviews of the products of this brand speak of their wide temperature range. For example, in their lineup there are representatives focused on riding on dirty snow or during a thaw. However, practice shows that they are well suited for training in cold weather, and you don’t even need to use any special lubricants. This versatility is quite captivating.
The only disadvantages of Fisher skis are their high cost, which is beyond the reach of most domestic consumers. For professional products, the price is 30 thousand rubles or more, which is quite expensive for amateurs. But the brand also presents standard modifications that have good characteristics.
conclusions
Now you understand how to choose skis for skating. Photos of these products and pictures of skiers demonstrate that this is a very important task, because they not only provide the convenience of skiing, but also the safety of the athlete. It is not necessary to immediately buy these products for yourself, you can limit yourself to renting skis. This will allow you to feel in practice which option will be most convenient for you. And if you don’t have such an opportunity, then all the indicated recommendations should be useful to you. Good luck with your choice and happy riding!
Cross-country skiing can be conditionally divided into groups, taking into account the style of skiing, into several categories - these are sets for classic and combined, as well as skating. When choosing one or another model, it is important to take into account the level of training and the preferred style of riding. Experienced skiers recommend purchasing a separate, specially selected set, but if the funds do not allow this, opt for the combined ones.
Classic models are perfect for rolled and flat tracks - they are the best choice for beginners. In this case, parallel setting of skis and alternate repulsion by jerky movements of the legs are provided.
Their maximum length reaches up to 205–207 cm, they are soft in their sliding due to the corresponding shoe and are distinguished by a longer, sharply curved toe. They are marked with the abbreviation Classic or Cl, while under the block itself there can be a special notch on the left track, on the right without it. If they do not have notches, anti-slip is achieved through the use of a special lubricant, although models with notches are the best option.
How to determine the optimal size? He is selected taking into account his own height, adding 20 cm to it. Or you can simply raise your hand up - the palm lowered down should touch the toe of the track. An important point in the choice is the criterion for the rigidity of the product - at the very beginning, determine the center of gravity on it. Put the ski track on your hands so that its ends are in the balance position, then fold them with the sliding side of the bottom to one - just squeeze your hands, lowering them 3 cm below the center of balance. It is optimal if the distance between them is a maximum of 1–1.5 cm.
With regard to the selection of shoes - they should be low and soft, not have any inserts that will fix the foot. The main thing is not to buy shoes that go back to back, because in this case the feet will freeze faster. When - the main thing is to take into account their length, when it is worth picking them up according to their height, when the lanyard outlet itself reaches the level of the shoulder joint. The sticks themselves can be aluminum - they quickly bend under loads, and are also made of glass or carbon fiber - it is the latter that professional athletes choose.
Skate models are chosen for running on a rolled, flat surface without a paved ski track, when during skating the main focus is on the muscles of the body, rhythmic hand movements. This style of riding is best mastered after you have completed the initial basics of training.
In this style, the skier's movements resemble those of a skater, when the push comes from the snow with the inner surface of the ski, and the subsequent transfer of body weight to the moving, sliding side. It is optimally suited for tight and wide trails - the thing is that its feature is active, swinging arms and upper body. The very same repulsion with sticks goes to the rhythm of the work of the legs.
They differ from similar products in height - they are shorter, since their maximum length does not exceed 190 cm, they are more rigid in twisting and in relation to their longitudinal direction. So during the repulsion, their surface will not completely touch the snow cover of the track with its middle part. In this case, a gap of at least 2–3 mm must remain - otherwise the effectiveness of the push at the start of the run will decrease.
Mark them with the abbreviation Skate or Sk and in their appearance they rather resemble a block with a smooth surface - in this case they do not impose notches, since they will interfere with sliding, clinging to the snow crust and thereby reducing speed. For the correct selection of the length, you just need to add no more than 10 cm to your own height. As in the previous description, it is also worth determining the rigidity of the product - so the gap between the canvases should not exceed 2 mm.
To prevent injury and excessive stress on the feet, an additional medium or hard fixation must be installed on the boot. Most often, these boots are high, and are supplemented in their structure for reinforcement with a plastic cuff. When choosing sticks - in the kit they go higher than the classic ones, when the lanyard itself goes at the level of the skier's chin / lips.
Combined types of skis go as for the style of skiing in both styles described above. In the howling structure, they go in a length of no more than 2 meters, but if you choose models longer than this length, it will simply be inexpedient and inconvenient to use them in the future. The thing is that when the skier moves, the latter will cling to each other with their heels. This point should be taken into account when choosing.
By virtue of their design, the combined ones will be closer to the classic models, since the latter allow the skier to move in a skating style. At the same time, the performance of the classic version of skating is hardly possible even for a professional skier. The thing is that, due to the high rigidity, the skier himself does not have a phase of sufficient repulsion during the movement. But for mastering both styles of movement, experienced skiers recommend choosing them.
When choosing, please note that they are marked with the abbreviation Combi, they will be longer than the ridge canvas, but at the same time a little shorter than the classic ones. To select the optimal length - simply add 15 cm to your own height. Regarding the notches applied to them - some of them have a removable, replaceable middle. So for supporters of the classical style of skating - just choose the appropriate nozzle with notches, for supporters of the skating style - just remove it.
When choosing shoes - they practically do not differ from classic shoes. They are soft, flexible enough and at the same time have a plastic fixing cuff in their design to support and securely fix the lower leg and foot. With regard to the selection of poles in the kit, poles suitable for both styles of riding on a snowy track are suitable here.
See also a useful video on choosing equipment for skating:
Also interesting
Personal opinion and "life brings ..." is a huge difference.
Regarding the classics - when buying classic skis and starting to master them, beginners work out the rental phase - then they already have a chance and interest in skating style. This is done at the beginning of each season in each (or many) sports schools, and without fail for all ages.
Many people already at a fairly advanced age (70 years or more) very successfully ride the classic style. The rental phase on one ski can be minimal. And learning to skate right away is a question for many. When skating, it is so important to already be able to correctly turn over the skis.
I would even say that the step (of the classical move) is more natural for a person.
An exception can only be former and current athletes - skaters, hockey players, skiers .... But the article is probably not for them? (Skisport for them?)
Regarding the importance of holding the ointment in a classic style. For amateurs, a limited set is offered, so you can get by with (minimum) three ointments and a cork, lengthen the block (the area where the holding ointment is applied). Yes! you can't get a powerful push and a great glide, but are we talking to a beginner? A beginner could handle this speed. And then he, with some participation, will figure it out himself, if he wants. And for him there will be an article for continuing ...
As for the skating (more precisely, free) style, it is physically more difficult for a beginner, you need to be more prepared, more demanding on the coordination of movements and the training of a sense of balance.
If you try to start with skating without a sufficient “feeling of the ski”, then it is also traumatic (dislocations and bruises).
Indeed, it will be possible to skate on classic skis. But such famous manufacturers as Atomic, etc., make combi skis. The RS8 combi model is a skating ski, but with a deflection-softness (if you want a diagram) of a classic one. The side (bearing) parts are reinforced, i.e. with a ridge style, it is more difficult to irreversibly push it than a classic one. Yes, in the gradation of this company, these are the fourth skis, starting from the top model. Skis are sports, but for beginners - isn't this our case, even with a margin? Yes, the skis are soft for dense skating race tracks - but do we have them everywhere? Are there any other manufacturers of soft skis among the top skis? Eat.
Even those who went to the sports section in the 80s, these skis will seem quite good equipment, even for amateur performances in mass starts. If further there is a desire to progress - top skis or skis "second" from the top will be progress. And these? They will be needed on a not very good ski track (first, last snow), for training. The pleasure, especially on a sunny spring day, is much better than the skis gathering dust in the corner, since the snow is already dirty and the top ones are already a pity.
After reading the article “Konek vs classic”, there is only one feeling – LONG LIVE SKISPORT!!!
This is understandable - the author A. Malygin is known in some circles - malex. Ask how many skis does he have? For what styles?
I have a lot of respect for malex as an athlete, as far as I know he is a strong cyclist.
He is fond of skiing, can run 15 km - close to 40 minutes.
But how many of the novice audience will be able to approach such a result in the first year? In two? Want to at all? Need cyclic constant training, better in accordance with the plan. He argues from the position of an expert, this is the minimum for him.
Here is a joke from the SKISPORT forum itself about themselves:
Author Alexey LaVoix:
«
How some of the topics of the forum would look in the projection on cars.
“Yesterday I entered a driving school. I want to learn how to drive a car. Advise me what to buy: a Porsche GT3 or a MacLaren F1? I heard that when cornering, the rear shock absorber in McLaren is delayed in the second half of the apex in the speed range from 200 to 220 mph. Will this prevent me from talking with my wife on the mobile while standing in a traffic jam on the Moscow Ring Road?
"I'm into motorsport. I seem to be doing pretty well in yard racing. Yesterday I got a snow plow and two wipers. Should I trade my scooter for a bike?"
»
Childish maximalism - that's what it reminds!
And so do many. For former athletes, this is an opportunity to have the equipment that was only in their dreams. If such an opportunity - take and not think. I won’t even list the whole set - 6 pairs are better than top skis alone.
This maximalism partly explains the second, third from the top models, which are often lying around for sale. But at a reasonable price, they should be bought even by regular trainees, at least for training.
Yes, it seems that I have already suffered ...
Thank you for your attention!
Every novice skier faces the difficulties of choosing cross-country skis. How to choose cross-country skis? Skate or classic? Or maybe universal? More expensive or cheaper? The correct answer to these questions will determine whether you love this sport or hate it.
In this article, we will tell you how to choose cross-country skis and not turn the buying process into a headache. How to choose skating and classic skis, how they differ and what to look for.
First you need to understand a few important points. Buy sports equipment maximum quality which your family budget can afford. Even for occasional family outings do not choose the cheapest skis. This principle is similar to or other sports equipment. The miser pays twice - this has long been known to everyone.
You can often hear from beginners: "I ride 5 times a year, I need the cheapest." Such an installation will spoil the impression of skiing for you and your loved ones. Moreover, if you ride 5 times a year, then it is better to spend this time with pleasure, and not in torment. Of course, the financial condition imposes a framework on this principle, but this is a personal matter for everyone.
One thing is for sure, it's better to buy inventory, proven brands. They have appropriate quality control and reputation care. Here are the brands we trust and recommend for purchase:
- Salomon
- Fischer
- Atomic
- Rossignol
- Tisa (owned by Fischer)
- Peltonen
What is the difference between classic skis and skate skis?
First of all, they differ construction or, as skiers say, diagram. The work of skis depends on this, but for a skate and a classic it is completely different. Also, for the classics, the skis are selected longer, and for the skate, shorter. This is explained by the fact that in the skate you need to swing the skis to the sides and do it more conveniently short. In the classics, it is better to take longer skis. According to the laws of physics, the longer the ski, the less pressure it creates on the snow, the less friction and the better the glide.
How skate skiing should work
As can be seen from the figure, skating never completely crushed. It works like a spring and has maximum pressure points in the toe and heel. In the foreground, the diagram reflects the pressure when the athlete is positioned on 2 legs. In the background - the transfer of weight to 1 leg during the rental. The pressure increases significantly on the toe and heel, and almost does not change under the last.
How a classic ski (classic) should work
image from the magazine "Skiing"
Classic, on the other hand, completely crushed under the block. It is understandable - under the block there is a holding ointment that does not allow the ski to slide back when repulsed. In the foreground of the scheme, the skier stands on 2 legs, in the background, the weight is transferred to 1 leg and repulsion occurs.
The diagrams clearly show why it is almost impossible to skate on classic skis and vice versa.
What is combined skiing (combi)?
Combined skis or just combi are classic with increased rigidity. Roughly speaking, these are skis for the classics, with the opportunity to skate sometimes. True, there is one minus - for a classic move under the block, it is necessary to apply holding ointments, and this ointment will only interfere with skating. That is, the combi needs to be constantly re-greased, which causes inconvenience and takes time.
Advantages of combination skis:
- savings (no need to spend money on 2 sets)
- a good option for the first skis (in the future you can decide which move you like more)
Cons of combined skis:
- you need to constantly apply and wash off the holding ointment
- do not fully reveal the features of riding styles
How to choose cross-country skiing for a beginner?
First you need to decide what move you want to ride, where you will ride and what goals you set. There is not always a prepared wide track for skating, but a ski track can be trodden in every park, even in the center of a big city. If there is no good track nearby, which is looked after, then definitely take classic skis. If the track is nearby or there is an opportunity to drive to it, then the choice is more difficult. To simplify, we conditionally divide skating into several categories:
- walks with family and friends
On walks, the main thing is to have fun, fresh air, communication, hot tea from a thermos. For such riding it is better to choose classical. We advise you to pay attention to oil-free skis- with notches or mohair modules (Skintech, Twinskin and the like). They do not need to be smeared so that they do not roll back, you can comfortably stand on them and drink tea, and it is much easier to climb a mountain without serious physical preparation.
Skating is not suitable for these purposes. Skating is an energy-intensive type of skating; walking with a skate will not work. Without proper preparation, it will not be possible to communicate during skating, someone from the company will definitely fall behind, and skating will not last long.
- regular exercise to keep fit and healthy
Simply put, exercise for health 2-3 times a week. Here you can already connect the skating and alternate it with the classic - combined skis are suitable for these purposes. If you are not afraid of the disadvantages of this type of ski, which we have listed above. Or buy skis for every move from the middle price segment.
- improving the technique of skiing, the desire to improve in skiing
If you want to learn how to ski technically, then you need to think about buying 2 pairs - one for each style of skiing. Combined will not allow you to put equipment
- participation in competitions, the desire to improve the sports category
To fight for the result in competitions, of course, you need several pairs. At least 1 for each style, ideally 2-3 for each style. Moreover, the skis must be of the highest level. Here it is already worth starting from how much you are willing to invest in your hobby. It is always better to take 2 good pairs than 4 mediocre ones. The selection of professional skis requires a special approach. About, how to choose professional skis, read in our separate article.
- Geometry. Skis should not be curved in the longitudinal direction (it is convenient to look at the groove), there should not be a helical bend
image from the magazine "Skiing"
- sliding surface should be flat, plastic without waves, bumps and pits
- The laminate should not be damage. Moisture can get inside through them, then the core will swell and become unusable.
- Must shrink the same and evenly. It should not be that one ski compresses lighter than the other harder
How to choose skis for classic skiing?
By height
Classics are selected based on the formula: skier height + 20-30 cm. If your height is 180 cm, choose skis 200 - 210 cm long.
By weight
Skis for the classic course are selected based on surface weight markings. Such designations are even on some inexpensive skis from well-known manufacturers, such as Salomon. In the photo, the skis are designed for a weight of 65-78 kg.
If there are no markings, then you can pick them up by weight popular among skiers paper dough:
- Find a balance point. This can be done by placing the ski on a thin ruler or a knife. If there is nothing at hand, then you can take the ski with 2 fingers by the sidewalls and find the balance point.
- Put your skis on a flat floor and stand on them so that the toes of your boots are on the line of balance
- Have someone run a piece of paper under the skis. You need to stand straight, distributing the weight on 2 legs. A sheet of A4 paper should come out about 20-25 cm ahead of the boot and reach the heel. When transferring weight to one foot, the ski should almost press down on the sheet. If you take a narrower sheet of paper, then it should walk a little under the ski.
There are rougher ways to select skis by weight if the store does not allow a paper test. Such methods are only suitable for the cheapest ones, which do not have weight markings.
Please note that the strength of the brush is different for each person and this selection method cannot be used as the main one.
The first way - squeezing with one hand:
- Find a point of balance
- 5 cm below the balance point, squeeze a pair of skis with one hand. There should be a gap of about 1 mm
Another way our fathers and grandfathers checked the stiffness of skis:
- Find a point of balance
- Squeeze a pair of skis with 2 hands below the balance point. Thus, you need to find a pair that you barely squeeze, if squeezed too lightly, then they are soft. If you can't squeeze it, then it's hard.
Last and the easiest selection method if you don't want to bother at all. When the skier's weight is above the norm, it is better to take the upper limit of the length, that is, the skier's height is + 25-30 cm. When the weight is normal, the average value is selected (height + 20-25 cm), weight below the norm - height + 20 cm) . Also, for overweight people, we recommend paying attention to the combined ones and picking them up according to the height according to the classic scheme. They differ from the classic ones only in increased rigidity.
How to choose skis for skating?
By height
For skating, they are selected according to their height as follows: skier height + 10-15 cm. Short skis are more maneuverable and easier to manage. Therefore, it is better for beginners to take shorter lengths, if body weight allows. For experienced skiers, we recommend longer skis (closer to +15 cm).
By weight
On some models, as in the case of classic ones, it is indicated skier weight range for a specific couple. If there are no such markings, then you can use the same methods as in the selection of classic ones, except for squeezing with 1 hand. But there are a few features:
- On a paper test, when transferring the mass of the skier to one leg, the paper should move freely under the ski in the binding area
- When squeezing with 2 hands, there should be a gap of about 2mm
Many specialized stores have special devices for measuring the stiffness of cross-country skis.
How to choose combination skis?
Combi are selected as a cross between a skate and a classic: skier height + 15-20 cm. As we wrote above, combi skis are classic skis with increased rigidity. Therefore, the selection of combined skis is identical to the selection of classic ones with a slight bias in skating. The selection methods have been described in detail above.
How to choose skis by stiffness: video instruction from Fischer
Many specialized shops have devices for measuring the stiffness of cross-country skis. In the video, the selection of skis is made on a special stand, but on a flat floor with a piece of paper, you can conduct a similar test.
(XC ski, Nordic ski) - designed to move on relatively flat terrain by using the energy of the skier.
Cross-country skiing by skiing style are divided into several categories:
Skis for classic skiing, skis for skating, combined skis (Combi), touring skis backcountry.
Cross-country skiing by skill level skier can be divided into:
Skis for beginners, skis for intermediates, skis for experts, skis for athletes
1.1. Classification of cross-country skiing by skiing style
1.1.1. Cross-country skis for skating
With the skating style of skating, the skier resembles a skater with his movements: he pushes off the snow with the inside of the ski, transferring his body weight to the sliding ski. The movement is then repeated on the other leg. The skating style is ideal for well-rolled wide trails, it involves active work of the hands and body. Repulsion with sticks occurs in accordance with the rhythm of the footwork.
Skating skis, unlike skis for classic skiing, are shorter - the maximum length is 190-192 cm, and are rigid in twisting and in the longitudinal direction. Unlike a classic ski, a skating ski during a kick should not completely touch the snow with its middle part (the required gap is 2-3 mm), otherwise the kick will be less effective. Skis for skating can be distinguished by a blunt toe.
1.1.2. Cross-country skiing for classic skiing
In the classical style, the skis are located strictly parallel to each other on a specially built track.
Classic skis, compared to skating skis, are longer (maximum length 205-207 cm) and softer, and have a longer pointed toe. Less stiffness compared to skating is needed so that during the push the ski touches the snow with the middle part (block) and the holding ointment or notches “work”, then the ski will not slip back during the push. At the same time, classic skis should not be too soft, otherwise, while sliding, a block with a holding ointment or notches will prevent slipping and slow down the skier.
1.1.3. Combined skis (Combi)
Combined skis - skis designed for skating and classic skiing. Usually combined skis have a maximum length of no more than 200 cm. It is not advisable to produce combined skis with a length of more than 200 cm, in view of the fact that when skating, the heels of the skis will cling to each other. In terms of their design, combined skis are closer to classic skis due to the fact that it is still possible to move on classic skis by skating, but not on pure skating skis, because due to the high rigidity of the block (part of the ski under the boot) the skier there will be no repulsion phase.
1.1.4. Backcountry touring cross-country skis
Skis for extreme tourism (BACKCOUNTRY) are designed for lovers of ski trips in conditions where there are no ski slopes or recreational skiing for sports, tourist trips of various levels. They are distinguished by increased rigidity (they use the technology of a wooden type-setting wedge, sandwich, etc.), a wide, more than 59 mm, sliding surface - for off-road movement (virgin lands), in some models the ski is reinforced with a metal edging. These are relatively expensive skis that have passed a number of special tests for reliability, since the success of a hike or expedition, and sometimes the life of a person who has challenged the wild, depends on their quality.
1.2. Classification of skis by level of training
1.2.1. Cross-country skiing for beginners
Skiing for beginners - those with minimal or no skiing experience. As a rule, such skis are purchased for ski trips, small weekend recreation trips, physical education classes on a prepared track or on a walking track, and even on virgin snow. This is the most massive category of cross-country skis, so these skis are relatively inexpensive and quite versatile. Pleasure skis are usually designed for classic skiing, but some models of recreational skis can be used in both skating and classic skiing. Such models are also called Combi. Distinctive features of skis for beginners are an increased waist width from 47 to 59 mm, a relatively large weight from 1.4 to 1.7 kg, the use of less expensive plastics to reduce cost, since high speeds are not required. Often, entry-level cross-country skis use a "no wax" (or also called "scales") notch block, which does not require the use of a holding ointment when moving in a classic move. Cross-country skis for beginners have less stiffness compared to skis for more advanced skiers. This is done so that a novice skier can apply less effort when skiing. Famous manufacturers such as Atomic, Fischer, Salomon, unlike other manufacturers, even in the production of entry-level skis use air channel technologies, various foam fillers to reduce the weight of skis, as well as high-quality plastics for better glide. A novice skier on such skis feels more confident on them, and skiing turns into a real pleasure. 1.2.2. Intermediate skiing
- Intermediate skiing - cross-country skiing for skiers who have actively skied 1-2 seasons and have developed basic skiing skills. Such skis are purchased for the purpose of sports and fitness. A distinctive feature of skis of the middle (sport and fitness) level is a more sporty geometry, with a waist width of 44-48 mm, a weight of 1.3-1.4 kg and increased stiffness compared to entry-level skis. Sports and fitness skis use improved heads and cores to provide the skier with more dynamic performance and longer glide in the push phase. The "no wax" technology is used less frequently. Cross-country skis of the middle level are represented by models for all styles of skiing: skating, classic and combined.1.2.3. Expert skis
- Skis for experts - cross-country skiing of skiers actively skiing for several seasons, as a rule, who have changed several pairs of skis and have a well-established and well-developed skiing technique in various conditions. As a rule, advanced amateurs, as well as athletes, buy such skis as training skis. Expert-level skis have a low weight of 1.1-1.3 kg, high rigidity. Expert skis are made of high quality materials. It is worth noting that among expert-level skis you will not find combined skis, since combined skis are a compromise that does not allow you to move quickly, neither in skating nor in classic skiing, and even more so you will not find the use of "no wax" oil-free holding technology. Top models of expert skis are made in two stiffness options. This is done so that the skier can find a more suitable ratio (ski length / stiffness) for himself, corresponding to his level of training.1.2.4. Skis for athletes
- Skis for athletes - whose level of skiing is satisfied only by the hardest and fastest skis. Cross-country skis of this level are aimed at athletes and ambitious amateurs and are designed for participation in competitions. Racing skis have a weight of 0.95 to 1.1 kg. In addition to the fact that skis for athletes are made in several stiffness options, they are made in two or three options for distributing the weight of the skier along the length of the ski and in two options for the sliding surface (for warm and cold weather). Many manufacturers also offer athletes various options for the structures of the sliding surface, which improve rolling in various temperature conditions and on different types of snow.2. Characteristics of cross-country skis
In this section, we will focus on the characteristics of cross-country skiing. To select the optimal characteristics of a cross-country ski means to provide excellent glide under specific conditions. It is generally accepted that 60% of the sliding properties of skis are determined by the load distribution along the length of the ski (diagram), deflection and stiffness of the ski, another 20% - by the material, condition and structure of the sliding surface of the skis, and only the remaining 20% - ski lubrication. In order to thoroughly understand what the ski glide depends on, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the Theoretical Fundamentals of Ski Glide on Snow.
2.1. Load distribution along the length of the ski
The distribution of the load along the length of the ski (diagram) is the distribution of the weight of the skier on the snow through the ski. Plot - the most obvious characteristic of a ski, which determines the glide in different conditions. Plots are distinguished depending on the type of running (skating, classic, walking) and temperature conditions (cold, warm, combined).
2.1.1. Diagrams depending on the type of stroke
2.1.1.1. Diagram of skis for the classic course
The upper part of the figure shows the distribution of pressure when sliding on two skis, there is no pressure under the block. The lower part shows the pressure distribution during the push, during which the maximum pressure on the snow is created in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ski block. 2.1.1.2. Diagram of skis for skating 
As you can see, in skating skis, the load is distributed over the surface in a completely different way. During the dot (lower part of the figure), it falls on two powerful "bumps", while the middle part of the ski is almost unloaded during the push, while rolling (upper part of the figure) there is no pressure in the central part of the ski.
Since pleasure skis are not divided into classic and pleasure skis and are considered universal, the diagram of pleasure skis has a shape closer to classic skis. This is done so that walking skis can still go in a classic way, otherwise if the ski under the block does not exert significant pressure on the snow, then it will slip when pushing.
2.1.2. Diagrams depending on temperature conditions
Let's consider two main types of plots: COLD plot, suitable for cross-country skiing in frosty weather and soft skiing, and WARM plot, suitable for warm weather and hard skiing. The difference between COLD and WARM diagrams is in the sharpness of the pressure peaks and in the length of the part of the ski that is involved in the glide.
2.1.2.1. COLD plot 
Cold plot has increased in length, reduced in value pressure peaks under the front and rear of the ski, which evenly distributes the weight of the skier. A more uniform distribution of pressure in cold weather reduces the effect of the dry friction force, which prevails in frost, by increasing the area of water friction, the resistance of which is much less than dry friction. On a soft track, the COLD plot is preferable due to the reduction of the plowing friction force.
2.1.2.2. WARM plot 
WARM diagram has pressure peaks reduced in length and increased in value. This load distribution reduces the capillary attraction friction force, which creates the main resistance on a warm track, by reducing the contact area and reducing the "suction" effect. On a hard track, the WARM plot is preferable, as the control of the ski is increased by cutting the ski edge into the snow.
Skis with a combined plot are also common. The anterior pressure hump is sharp WARM, while the posterior one is smooth COLD, as well as plots with intermediate characteristics.
2.2. Rigidity of a cross-country ski
Modern sports cross-country skis have a deflection in the middle part of their design. If you place the ski on a flat surface, you will notice that the middle part of the ski "hangs" at a distance of 1-2 cm from the surface. With the application of a load from above, the ski will be pressed, and the stiffness of this "spring" is the stiffness of the ski.
The initial and middle segment of cross-country skis is performed in the same universal stiffness and varies depending on their length. The longer the ski, the stiffer they are and the better they are for tall or heavy skiers.
In the upper segment of racing skis, manufacturers divide each size into different stiffnesses, conventionally designating them as Soft, Medium, Hard, Extra Hard. Such a division is necessary for experienced skiers, as it helps to accurately select a pair according to the anthropometric characteristics of the athlete, his weight, the features of the running technique and physical data.
For various stroke techniques, skis with different stiffness in the block area are selected.
When choosing classic skis, you can use the following test:
- skis are placed on a flat surface and stand on them in such a way that the toes of the shoes are on the line of the center of gravity
- it is necessary to distribute the weight of the body evenly and ask the assistant to pass a thin sheet or probe 0.2 mm thick under the ski
If the skis are chosen correctly in terms of stiffness, then the sheet should move freely under the skis by 25-40 cm towards the toe, and in the opposite direction - to the end of the boot. If the probe moves forward a shorter distance, then stiffer skis should be selected. If the probe moves back 3-5 cm beyond the end of the boot, then softer skis should be selected.
If you transfer the body weight to one of the skis, then the probe or sheet of paper should move freely 10-15 cm forward from the center of gravity and half the length of the foot back. After transferring body weight to the toe, the probe or paper should be firmly clamped between the floor and the ski. If the skis meet the above requirements, then they are suitable for you in terms of stiffness.
When choosing skating skis and distributing the weight of the skier on both legs, the probe should move forward from the center of gravity by 40 cm and 5-10 cm back from the heel of the boot. After transferring body weight to one of the skis, the clearance should decrease by no more than 10 cm towards the tip of the ski. The gap should not end under the heel of the boot. When repulsed, there should be a gap of 30-40 cm.
2.3. Cross-country ski base material
In the production of modern skis, a plastic sliding surface is used. The first plastic skis used ABS plastic, which is easily washable and does not hold lubricant well, which is almost completely replaced from the ski manufacturing market by ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene UHMW-PE, with the exception of the cheapest models of some manufacturers. Large modern manufacturers make the sliding surface from synthesized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (High Performance Polyethylene - HPPE). This thermoplastic material is used in industrial applications where low friction and high abrasion resistance are required. The common name for the material is P-Tex. It is made by pressing crushed polyethylene particles under high pressure to form a crystal lattice with amorphous zones filled with lower density polymers or special fillers. 5-15% filler is added to the material intended for ordinary mass skis and for frost - carbon particles with a size of 20 microns to remove electrostatics, as well as graphite and fluorocarbon compounds to improve glide. Carbon black makes the base of the ski black, but also somewhat reduces its wear resistance. Gallium compounds add thermal conductivity to the plastic, the same property as boron nitride, but this additive further reduces the ability to absorb moisture. Ultramarine pigment is used in skis without carbon black to create a pattern on the base and improve glide.
Ointments can be applied to the base of any ski - for sliding and holding. By itself, HPPE does not have a porous structure and does not absorb ski wax, however, under the influence of high temperature, the ointment penetrates into amorphous zones and is retained there. From a chemical point of view, ski lubricant changes the water-repellent properties of the sliding surface by changing the forces of surface tension, and also provides its lubrication, thereby reducing the friction force. Additives in ski waxes such as fluorine, graphite and molybdenum provide additional benefits to achieve high glide performance.
Also, a rubber strip can be recessed at the base of the ski in the block area. Usually there is “zero” in the designation, such skis are designed for positive wet skiing and have a rather narrow weather range of use. The modern oil-free version of repulsion is the attachment of a skin imitation under the block, which is indicated in the name of the ski as “skin”. Also, to hold the ski under the block, a special adhesive tape can be glued or various mechanical forms of hooks are used in the design, which do not prevent slipping, but work when repulsed.
2.4. The structure of the sliding surface of cross-country skis
The factory application of the structure to the sliding surface adapts the skis to strictly defined conditions of use: air temperature, humidity, snow conditions, style of movement. It also improves gliding by reducing the area of contact with snow and reducing the suction effect as a result of breaking the water film formed during sliding. The pre-applied factory structure allows you to select the racing pair best suited to the weather and track conditions on race day.
Below are the structure types of Atomic and Salomon cross country skis:
- AC 3 - universal cold -8-17 C, cut into classics and fad, works especially well in Scandinavia;
- AC 4 cold -8-15 C, universal structure, cut into a skate, especially good at high humidity;
- AC 5 very cold -8-20 C, wide range, cut into a skate, but sometimes into a classic, works especially well in Central Europe
- AM 1 medium -3-10 C, universal, cut into both skate and classic, especially good for a mixture of new and artificial snow
- AM 2 medium -1-5 C, cut into NO WAX skis and skates, sometimes into classics, under fresh falling snow and gloss, wet snow
- AM 6 medium -1-8 C, universal structure, cut into a skate, but sometimes also into NO WAX and classics, into coarse-grained snow
- AM 7 medium -4-10 C, cut into classic and skate, universal structure on dry snow, works well on classic and in colder temperatures
- AW 1 warm -4-0 C, cut into classic and NO WAX, universal for wet snow and wet snow
- AW 7 warm -2-0 C, cut into skates and classics, under coarse-grained (spring) snow, additional manual knurling / cutting can be applied from above
On skis produced without a special order, the World Cup Cold (WCC) or World Cup Warm (WCW) structure is cut according to the structure - universal structures for cold or warm, respectively. The task of these structures is to prepare the skis for the universal snow conditions of the track.
