When was the Russian Geographical Society established? Russian Geographical Society Novosibirsk branch

IRKUTSK REGIONAL - 165 YEARS!

At the end of November 2016, the Irkutsk Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society turns 165 years old. It was founded in 1851 on the initiative of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov (Amursky). The second (after the Caucasian) regional department of the IRGS - Siberian in Irkutsk in the future was called "East Siberian".

The department, which was headed by the Irkutsk Governor-General Karl-Burgard Karlovich Venzel, became one of the most powerful centers for the study of nature, geography and ethnography in Siberia and the Far East.

Research was carried out in the field of cartography, a comprehensive description of districts, the study of communication routes, statistics, the richness of the subsoil, vegetation, soil, climate, hydrology, and archeology. The geographers of Irkutsk helped to establish a permanent connection between the Russians and the local population. The result of the activity was not only a scientific contribution, but also a public one - museums, scientific libraries, astronomical observatories and meteorological stations were created, and at the beginning of the 20th century, higher educational institutions.

A whole galaxy of researchers worked in the Department - Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky, Petr Alekseevich Kropotkin, Ivan Dementievich Chersky, Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev, Grigory Nikolaevich Potanin, Dmitry Alexandrovich Klements, Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev and other scientists. Sections of mathematical and physical geography, statistics, and ethnography were opened. In the 19th century, the Vilyui and Amur expeditions of Richard Maak, the Sungaria, Olekminsky-Vilyui, Tunka expeditions of Kropotkin, the Ussuri expedition of Przhevalsky were organized.

After the revolution, the activities of the Department were officially resumed in 1947.

Currently, the Department has 10 sections: physical-geographical, socio-economic, ecological-geographical, cartography and GIS, historical-geographical, museum, tourist-recreational, school-local history, speleological, archaeological-ethnographic. The Baikal local branch and cells of the Society operate in Bratsk, Angarsk, Shelikhov, Ust-Ilimsk and other cities and districts of the region.

A regional competition of projects is held annually, 40-45 organizations participate in it, half of which receive grants based on the results of peer review.

Much attention is paid to expeditions. So, during one of the annual spring field studies "Beyond the elusive ice" on the yacht "Ariadna" in the north of Lake Baikal, ancient writings were discovered - writings on hard-to-reach rocks. Based on the results of three expeditions of the Institute of Geography named after V.B. Sochava, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences managed to compile an electronic catalog of snow-ice formations of the highest ridge of the Baikal region - the Barguzinsky - and follow their dynamics. Member of the Branch Vladislav Lachkarev raised the flag of the Society to the highest peaks of the world - Everest, Aconcagua, Elbrus, Mont Blanc, Ojos del Salado (the highest volcano in the world). Speleologists from Irkutsk conduct research in many regions of Russia and other countries: every year they "increase the length" of one of the longest caves in Russia - Botovskaya in the Upper Lena basin, and since 2010 they have been exploring the unique Gorome cave in Buryatia.

Together with the Institute of Geography named after V.B. Sochava of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences holds scientific and practical conferences and meetings on topical geographical problems of Siberia, including mapping, environmental risks and recreational geography.

Particular attention is paid to working with schoolchildren and students. A children's local lore movement "My Motherland Siberia" was created. A competition for the best local history studies, expeditions and projects of educational institutions of the Irkutsk region "Pioneer" is being held. In February 2014, the Association of Children's Local History Associations was established. Textbooks for schools and universities are published, olympiads in geography for schoolchildren are organized.

The Chairman of the Irkutsk Regional Branch of the Russian Geographical Society is Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research at the Institute of Geography named after V.B. Sochavy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor Leonid Markusovich Korytny.

In 2011, in the Irkutsk region, it was decided to establish the Board of Trustees of the regional branch of the Russian Geographical Society. The Board of Trustees is headed by Sergei Georgievich Levchenko, Governor of the Irkutsk Region.

Historical reference

The Russian Geographical Society was founded in St. Petersburg by the highest order of Emperor Nicholas I in 1845 under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which emphasized its state status.

The idea of ​​creating a community of scientists for a comprehensive study of the nature of the native country, its population, economy, literally "was in the air" after the greatest geographical research and discoveries of the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries.

Such expeditions as the Second Kamchatka expedition of 1733-1742, academic expeditions of 1768 - 1774, the discovery of the first section of the Antarctic land. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.K. Lazarev in 1820 - 1821, the expedition of A.F. Middendorf (1843 - 1844) to Eastern Siberia did not know equal in scale in the history of geographical research.

And yet, for such a huge country, all this was negligible, which was perfectly understood by the most far-sighted scientists, who realized the need for serious comprehensive knowledge of their country, and to achieve this, a special organization was needed to coordinate such work.

In 1843, under the leadership of P.I. Koeppen, an encyclopedic scientist, an outstanding statistician and ethnographer, a circle of statisticians and travelers began to meet regularly. Later, the well-known naturalist and traveler K.M. Baer, ​​a scientist with an extraordinary breadth of scientific interests, and the famous navigator Admiral F.P. This meeting can be considered the forerunner of the Geographical Society.

The first meeting of the founders took place on October 1, 1845. It elected full members of the Society (51 people). On October 19, 1845, the first general meeting of full members of the Russian Geographical Society took place in the conference hall of the Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts, which elected the Council of the Society. Opening this collection, F.P. Litke defined the main task of the Russian Geographical Society as "cultivating the geography of Russia." physical, geography, mathematical, statistics and ethnography.

In 1851, the first two regional departments were opened - Caucasian (in Tiflis) and Siberian (in Irkutsk).

The first actual head of the Russian Geographical Society was its vice-chairman F.P. Litke - until 1873. He was replaced by P.P. Semenov, who later received the addition of Tyan-Shansky to his surname and led the society for 41 years until his death in 1914.

Already in the first decades of its activity, the Society united the most advanced and educated people of Russia, who were close to the acute socio-economic problems of the era. The Russian Geographical Society has taken a prominent place in the scientific and social life of the country.

Travel is one of the oldest methods of learning about the world around us. For geography in the past, it was, in fact, the most important, when only the testimony of eyewitnesses who visited certain countries could provide reliable information about the peoples, economy and physical appearance of the Earth. Scientific expeditions, which gained a large scale in the 18th and 19th centuries. were, in the apt expression of N.M. Przhevalsky, essentially "scientific reconnaissance", as they could meet the needs of descriptive regional studies and satisfy the demands of primary and general acquaintance with the essential features of a particular country. Numerous expeditions organized by the Russian Geographical Society contributed to his fame and recognition of his merits.

A.P. Chekhov wrote about travelers of the last century: "Constituting the most poetic and cheerful element of society, they excite, console and ennoble." And in the same place: “One Przhevalsky or one Stanley is worth a dozen educational institutions and hundreds of good books.

The most notable expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society in the Caucasus were the studies of plant geography by V.I.Masalsky, N.Kuznetsov, G.I.Radde, A.N.Krasnov.

The Russian Geographical Society paid the greatest attention to the white spots of the Northern Urals, Siberia and the Far East. The Vilyui expedition, N.M. Przhevalsky’s travels in the Ussuri region, the exploration of Siberia by P.A. Kropotkin, B.I. Dybovsky, A.L. Chekanovsky, I.D. Chersky, N.M. Yadrintsev, a large ethnographic expedition that covered the expanses of Eastern Siberia with its routes (which was financed by the rich Lena gold miner A.M. Sibiryakov) under the leadership of D.A. Klements, studies by V.A.Obruchev, travels in Kamchatka by V.L.Komarov.

Central Asia and Kazakhstan were not forgotten. P.P. Semenov was the first person who, on behalf of the Society, began researching these vast territories. His work was continued by N.A.Severtsov, A.A.Tillo, I.V.Mushketov, V.A.Obruchev, V.V.Bartold, L.S.Berg.

The work was carried out outside of Russia. In Mongolia and China, scientists whose names are not forgotten today: N.M. Przhevalsky, M.V. Pevtsov, K.I. Bogdanovich, G.N. Potanin, G.E. Grumm-Grzhimailo, P.K .Kozlov, V.A.Obruchev - all active figures of the Russian Geographical Society.

In Africa and Oceania, travel and research by N.S. Gumilyov, E.P. Kovalevsky, V.V. Junker, E.N. oceans have become perhaps the most remarkable events of the Russian Geographical Society.

The life of the RGS was not interrupted even in the most difficult and hungry years - 1918, 1919, 1920... In the most difficult year of 1918, the Society held three General Meetings with scientific reports, in 1919 - two meetings. It is also surprising that in 1918 44 people joined the Society, in 1919 - 60 people, in 1920 - 75.

In 1923, PK Kozlov's remarkable work "Mongolia and Amdo, and the dead city of Khara-Khoto" was published. In the same year, the Council of People's Commissars approved the organization of a new Mongol-Tibetan expedition "with the release of the necessary funds for this expedition."

One of the scientific directions of the Society's work that was important for the state was the compilation of the Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the USSR, which was supposed to replace the dictionary published in 1863-1885. the dictionary compiled by P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky is outdated in many parts.

Post-revolutionary Russia found the strength to defend its national interests, and this was done on the initiative of the Russian Geographical Society. So, in 1922, the Society protested against the proposal of the Royal Geographical Society of London to remove the names in Tibet associated with the names of Russian travelers. In 1923, the Council of the Russian Geographical Society protested against the Norwegian renaming on the Novaya Zemlya map. Since 1923, the international relations of the Society have been gradually restored, thanks to the efforts of Yu.M. Shokalsky and V.L. Komarov. The scientific blockade of the young state did not last long; it became impossible to ignore Russian science further. Of course, there were also big losses - some of the Russian scientists who did not accept the revolution were sent abroad.

The 30s were a period of expansion and consolidation of everything done after the revolution, years of strengthening the Society itself, the growth of its branches and departments. Since 1931, N.I. Vavilov became the President of the Society. In 1933, the First All-Union Congress of Geographers gathered in Leningrad, which was attended by 803 delegates - a record figure even today. Many reports at the congress (A.A. Grigoriev, R.L. Samoilovich, O.Yu. Schmidt) were, as it were, final, noting the gigantic growth of geographical research in our country and the responsible role of the State Geographical Society in the new conditions.

On March 21, 1992, the Scientific Council of the Society made a historic decision - "In connection with the liquidation of the allied structures and the need to rename, return to the Geographical Society of the USSR its original historical name -" Russian Geographical Society ".

Today, the Russian Geographical Society is an all-Russian public organization that unites 27,000 members on the territory of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation and abroad and has regional and local branches, as well as branches and representative offices throughout Russia. The largest branches are Primorskoe and Moscow.

The central organization of the Russian Geographical Society is located in St. Petersburg, in a house on Grivtsova Lane, built in 1908 with the money of members of the Society, largely thanks to the efforts of P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. Today, members of various departments and commissions of the Central Organization (there are 33 of them) gather daily in the halls of the Society to discuss modern problems of geography and related disciplines. The building houses the Scientific Archive, Museum, Library, Central Lecture Hall. Yu.M.Shokalsky, printing house.

The Russian Geographical Society still continues to work for the benefit of the people of our country, offering its great scientific potential to both the state and individual subjects of the Russian Federation. Thus, the Society tries to work and even earn. But ... The main problem in the activities of the Russian Geographical Society, as, apparently, in general, institutions of science and culture, remains financial. It seems that today everyone has already understood that if an institution of science and culture becomes "self-sustaining", then it turns into a commercial enterprise. However, the times when the mayor wrote to P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky: "Be kind, accept 10 thousand silver rubles" (for the needs of the Society) have not yet returned.

Since the founding of the Russian Geographical Society, the state understood the need to financially support the Society and did so until the early 1990s. Today, high government officials at the request of a full member of the Society, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma A.N. Chilingarov to help the pride of Russian and world geographical science, respond with a cold refusal, referring to new laws that do not make it possible to finance the activities of public organizations from the state budget. By the way, the new laws do not prohibit doing this, and in the tsarist and Soviet times, the laws were hardly softer.

Science develops only when scientists can communicate, share the results of their research. To this end, the Russian Geographical Society regularly holds congresses.

In 1974, local branches of the Russian Geographical Society were organized in Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk. Kislovodsk branch now has 26 people. They annually hold scientific conferences, at which reports on the results of their expeditions have repeatedly been made by the deputy director of the Regional Museum named after A.I. Prozritelev - Prave, chief archaeologist of the Stavropol Territory Savenko Sergey Nikolaevich, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, astrophysicist Vladimir Ivanovich Chernyshov, geologists and local historians of the cities of Kavminvod, including the author of this article.

Since 2007, efforts have been made to revive the Pyatigorsk branch of the Russian Geographical Society. Expeditions are carried out through the Department of Scientific Tourism of the Russian Geographical Society. Reports about them are published and exposed on the Internet.

Full member of the Russian Geographical Society V.D. Stasenko

The Russian Geographical Society is a public organization aimed at a deep and comprehensive study of the geographical, ecological and cultural aspects in the history of Russia. This organization brings together not only specialists in the field of geography, travelers, ecologists, but also people who seek to gain new knowledge about Russia and are ready to help preserve its natural resources and wealth.

The Russian Geographical Society (abbreviated RGO) was founded in 1845 by decree of Emperor Nicholas I.

From 1845 to the present time, the Russian Geographical Society has been active. It should be noted that the name of the Society changed several times: at first it was called the Imperial Geographical Society, then it became the State Geographical Society, then the Geographical Society of the USSR (All-Union Geographical Society), and finally it became the Russian Geographical Society.

The founder of the Russian Geographical Society is Admiral Fyodor Petrovich Litke. He created the Society in order to master Russia and study it comprehensively.

Among the creators of the Russian Geographical Society, one can distinguish famous navigators such as Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel. Members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences took part in the creation of the Society, for example, naturalist Karl Maksimovich Baer, ​​statistician Peter Ivanovich Koeppen. Military leaders also contributed to the development of the Russian Geographical Society: geodesist Mikhail Pavlovich Vronchenko, statesman Mikhail Nikolaevich Muravyov. Among the Russian intelligentsia, who took an active part in the creation of the Society, one can single out the linguist Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl, the patron Vladimir Petrovich Odoevsky.

The leaders of the Society were members of the Russian Imperial House, travelers, researchers and statesmen. These are representatives of the Romanov Imperial House, and the presidents of the Society, such as the Russian and Soviet geneticist, geographer Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov, who participated in dozens of expeditions and created the doctrine of the world centers of origin of cultivated plants. The Russian Geographical Society was also headed by the Soviet zoologist, geographer Lev Semenovich Berg, who made a huge contribution to science. He collected materials about the nature of different regions, in addition, he created a textbook called "Nature of the USSR." L.S. Berg can be considered the creator of modern physical geography, as he is the founder of landscape science. By the way, the landscape division proposed by Lev Semenovich has survived to this day.

For the past 7 years (since 2009), the post of President of the Russian Geographical Society has been occupied by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu. And in 2010, the Board of Trustees was formed, headed by the President of the country Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. At meetings of the Council, the results of the work of the Russian Geographical Society for the year are summed up, and plans for the future are also discussed. In addition, various grants of the Russian Geographical Society are awarded at the meetings.

The Russian Geographical Society has its own charter. The first one came out on December 28, 1849 under Nicholas I. And the charter that exists today was approved on December 11, 2010 during the 14th Congress of the All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Geographical Society". In accordance with this, the society received the status of an “all-Russian public organization”.

The main goal of the Russian Geographical Society is a comprehensive knowledge of Russia and the world in all its diversity. To achieve this goal it is necessary:

1. active participation of society in its activities;

2. collection, processing and dissemination of various information about Russia in the field of geography, ecology, culture, ethnography.

3. drawing attention to the historical, cultural sites of Russia for the development of tourism.

The Russian Geographical Society is trying to involve representatives of the youth environment in its activities in order to reveal their creative potential for organizing various competitions, as well as to cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

The Society closely cooperates with ecological, geographical, environmental and charitable organizations, educational institutions (including federal universities), research and scientific centers, commercial organizations working in the field of tourism and education. The Russian Geographical Society also cooperates with the media.

Today the Society has about 13,000 members in Russia and abroad. The Russian Geographical Society is a non-profit organization, therefore it does not receive state funding.

The Russian Geographical Society is covered in a variety of media. For example, in the magazine "Arguments and Facts", in the newspapers "Kommersant", "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", on the TV channels "St. Petersburg", "Channel 5", "NTV"

There is a website of the Russian Geographical Society, which contains all the necessary information about the Society, as well as a library, grants and projects. One of the most important projects is the youth movement, which was created in 2013. To date, about 80 thousand schoolchildren and students from all regions of Russia, as well as about 1 thousand specialists in the field of geographical and environmental education, are members of the movement. The youth movement was created in order to organize all-Russian youth projects, with the help of which the participants could show their activity, creativity and initiative.

The Russian Geographical Society awards special awards for achievements in the field of geography or for assistance to the Russian Geographical Society.

This award is given to members of the Russian Geographical Society for their achievements and usefulness in geography. The Konstantinovsky medal was received by Vladimir Ivanovich Dal for "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" (1863), Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev for his works on the geology of Asia (1900) and many others.

2. Big gold medal:

The award is given for work in the field of science every 2 or 3 years. Only those scientists who have accomplished a brave deed can receive it. Another criterion is successful expeditions, which resulted in some important discovery. A large gold medal was received by Nikolai Vasilievich Slyunin for his essay "The Okhotsk-Kamchatka Territory" (1901), Grigory Nikolayevich Potanin for his work entitled "Essays on North-Western Mongolia" (1881).

3. Big silver medal:

The award is given for works in the field of science once every 1 or 2 years for a contribution to the Russian Geographical Society, or for success in the field of geography.

4. Gold medal to them. Fyodor Petrovich Litke:

Only scientists who have made the most important discoveries in the oceans and polar countries can receive such an award. For the first time, the medal was awarded to Konstantin Stepanovich Staritsky for hydrographic research in the Pacific Ocean (1874). Over the years, the medal was awarded to Mikhail Vasilyevich Pevtsov for his work “Essay on a trip to Mongolia” (1885), Leonid Ludwigovich Breitfus for the study of the Barents Sea (1907 d) and others.

5. Gold medal to them. Petr Petrovich Semyonov:

This medal is awarded for the study of environmental issues, scientific works on soil geography and description of vast parts of Russia and other countries. It was founded in 1899 and was awarded to Pyotr Yulievich Schmidt for studying water conditions in the Far East (1906), Lev Semenovich Berg for studying the Aral Sea (1909) and other scientists.

6. Gold medal to them. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky:

The medal is awarded for discoveries in deserts and mountainous countries, for expeditions to explore the peoples of Russia and other countries. It was established on August 29, 1946 and was awarded once every 2 years. One of those who received this award is Alexander Mikhailovich Berlyant.

7. Gold medal to them. Alexander Fedorovich Treshnikov:

The medal is awarded to participants of expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, dedicated to the study of climatic conditions, as a result of which scientific discoveries were made, as well as to the development of the polar regions.

8. Gold medal to them. Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay:

Awarded for research in the field of ethnography, historical geography, cultural heritage.

9. Small gold and silver medals:

They can be obtained once a year. The authors of scientific papers in one of the areas of the Russian Geographical Society, which systematize the results of research done on any subject, were awarded a small gold medal. Silver is awarded for selfless assistance to the Society. Both medals were established in 1858. Petr Petrovich Semyonov received small gold medals for the work and services rendered to the Society (1866), Venedikt Ivanovich Dybovsky and Viktor Alexandrovich Godlevsky for researching Lake Baikal (1870) and others. Small silver medals were awarded to Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky for the article "Non-town population of the southern part of the Primorsky Region" (1869), Alexander Andreevich Dostoevsky for his help in compiling the "History of the Society" (1895) and many other scientists.

In addition to medals, the Society annually awards the following awards:

1. Prize to them. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev:

2. Honorary diploma:

Scientists are awarded for research in geography and related sciences. The decision to award a diploma is published on the website of the Russian Geographical Society.

3. Certificate of honor:

The diploma is awarded for contribution to the development of the Society. As a rule, the presentation takes place on an anniversary or is associated with an important date.

4. Nominal scholarship:

Awarded at least 10 times a year. It is awarded to young scientists in the field of geography for the best scientific works.

The Russian Geographical Society provides grants in priority areas - funds to finance research and educational projects aimed at achieving the goals and solving the tasks of the Society.

Grant projects should be of great public importance and be oriented toward achieving practical results in the interests of Russia.

Grants have been awarded every year since 2010 on a competitive basis. The competition is organized at the end of the year, its duration is a month. For example, in 2010, the Russian Geographical Society provided financial assistance to 13 projects in the amount of 42 million rubles, a year later the number of projects increased greatly - up to 56. More than 180 million rubles were allocated for them. In 2012, almost 200 million rubles were allocated for 52 projects. And in 2013, grant support in the amount of more than 100 million rubles was provided to 114 projects.

The Russian Geographical Society has many periodicals. For example, "Bulletin of the Imperial Geographical Society", "Living Antiquity", "Questions of Geography", "Geographic News", etc.

The Russian Geographical Society has 85 regional branches in the Russian Federation. Their activity is to increase the level of knowledge of citizens about their region, increase the number of activists of the Russian Geographical Society, and draw attention to the environmental environment.

TASS-DOSIER. On April 24, a meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society will be held in St. Petersburg with the participation of Russian President Vladimir Putin.

The Russian Geographical Society (RGO) is an all-Russian public organization. It unites specialists in the field of geography and related sciences (geology, biology, history, archeology, ethnography), as well as enthusiastic travelers, ecologists, public figures, etc. The main idea of ​​the society was formulated at the end of the 19th century by the Russian geographer, statesman Peter Semenov Tien-Shansky - "To involve all the best forces of the Russian land in the study of the native land and its people."

Story

The Russian Geographical Society was founded on August 18 (August 6, old style) 1845 in St. Petersburg. On this day, Emperor Nicholas I approved the first provisional charter of the Society presented by the founders. Among the founders of the Russian Geographical Society were navigators and admirals of the Russian fleet Fyodor Litke, Ivan Kruzenshtern, Ferdinand Wrangel; members of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (now RAS), naturalist Karl Baer, ​​astronomer Vasily Struve; Quartermaster General Fyodor Berg; Senator Mikhail Muraviev; linguist Vladimir Dal; Prince Vladimir Odoevsky and others - a total of 17 people (they received honorary titles of members - founders of the Society).

The son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, who at that time was 17 years old, was appointed the first chairman of the Russian Geographical Society.

During its existence, the Society changed its name several times. In 1849, the permanent charter of the organization was adopted and it was renamed the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. In 1917, it lost the name "Imperial", since 1925 it was called the State Russian Geographical Society of the RSFSR, since 1932 - the State Geographical Society (GGO) of the RSFSR. In 1938, it was renamed the Geographical Society of the USSR (or the All-Union Geographical Society) and became part of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

With the assistance of the Russian Geographical Society, the first reserves in Russia were created, and the world's first higher educational institution of a geographical profile - the Geographical Institute (1918) was founded. Created under the Russian Geographical Society in 1920, the Committee of the North coordinated the development of the North and the Northern Sea Route (subsequently ceased to exist, its functions were transferred to the Arctic Institute and the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route).

On March 21, 1992, by decision of the scientific council of the organization, its historical name was returned to it - the Russian Geographical Society. The Russian Geographical Society was registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on February 10, 2003 as a non-profit organization.

Activity

The main activities of the Russian Geographical Society are the collection and dissemination of geographical information about Russia, the organization of practical field research, expeditions to different parts of the Russian Federation and the world, education and awareness, and nature protection.

From 1849 to 2015, the Society conducted over 3,000 expeditions on the territory of Russia (as well as the USSR) and in more than 30 countries of the world. Among them are expeditions to explore and develop the Arctic (Chukotskaya, Yakutskaya, Kolaskaya), the Urals (to the Northern Polar Urals), Siberia and the Far East (Vilyuiskaya, Sibiryakovskaya), Central and Central Asia (Mongol-Tibetan), the World Ocean.

The Russian Geographical Society was one of the organizers of the first International Polar Year (2007/2008) and the International Forum on Problems Related to the Conservation of the Tiger on Earth (2010). Since 2010, the Russian Geographical Society has been holding the International Arctic Forum "The Arctic - the Territory of Dialogue". The Russian Geographical Society is one of the organizers of the International Geography Olympiad and the All-Russian Olympiad in Geography, the All-Russian Geographical Dictation (since 2015), the All-Russian Congress of Teachers of Geography (since 2011).

The Russian Geographical Society participated in the publication of the Great Atlas of the World (since 1934), the Marine Atlas (1944-1946), the Atlas of Antarctica (1972), the monograph "Geography of the World Ocean" in six volumes (1980-1987), the Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources of the World ( 1997), Atlas of birds of the Russian Arctic (2012), etc.

Since 2015, the Russian Geographical Society has been holding the photo contest "The Most Beautiful Country".

Governing bodies, structure

The supreme governing body of the Society is the congress, which is convened every six years (until 2014 - once every five years; if necessary, an extraordinary one can be held). A total of 16 congresses took place. In 1933, the All-Union Congress of Geographers was convened in Leningrad. However, the numbering of the congresses began to be assigned from 1947, when they received the status of the supreme governing body of the Society. The first congress (the second actually) was held in 1947, also in Leningrad. At the XV Congress on November 7, 2014 in Moscow, the current version of the statute of the Russian Geographical Society was approved.

In the period between congresses, the Society's governing council (a permanent elected collegial governing body) operates, it consists of the president (sole executive body; elected by the congress for a term of six years), honorary president, executive director. The governing bodies also include the executive directorate, the academic council, the audit commission, the council of elders (established in 2012), and the council of regions (2013).

In all 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation there are regional branches of the Russian Geographical Society. The largest is in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which has a network of 65 local branches. In total, at the end of 2016, there were 137 local branches, which operate under 20 regional branches.

Leaders

In 1945-1917. at the head of the Russian Geographical Society were the chairmen: Grand Dukes Konstantin Nikolayevich (1845-1892) and Nikolai Mikhailovich (1892-1917). The actual leadership was carried out by vice-chairmen: Fyodor Litke (1845-1850; 1856-1873), Mikhail Muravyov (1850-1856), Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1873-1914), Yuly Shokalsky (1914-1917). Beginning in 1918, the head of the Society began to be elected. Shokalsky (1918-1931) became the first elected chairman.

Since 1931, the post of president was introduced, it was occupied by Nikolai Vavilov (1931-1940), Lev Berg (1940-1950), Evgeny Pavlovsky (1952-1964), Stanislav Kalesnik (1964-1977), Alexei Treshnikov (1977-1991) , Sergey Lavrov (1991-2000), Yuri Seliverstov (2000-2002), Anatoly Komaritsyn (2002-2009).

Honorary Presidents

The honorary presidents of the Society were: Yuli Shokalsky (in 1931-1940), members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Vladimir Komarov (1940-1945), Vladimir Obruchev (1947-1956). In 2000, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Kotlyakov became the honorary president.

Membership

Members of the Society on a voluntary basis may be adults of various nationalities, religions and places of residence - citizens of the Russian Federation, foreigners and stateless persons, as well as public associations. The entrance fee for individuals is 1 thousand rubles, the annual membership fee is 300 rubles.

At the end of 2016, 20,457 people were members of the Russian Geographical Society, of which 3,441 joined in 2016.

The Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society, established in 2010, operates on a voluntary basis. It is headed by Russian President Vladimir Putin. The Council includes the President of the Society Sergei Shoigu, the reigning Prince of Monaco Albert II, Speaker of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation Valentina Matvienko, Chairman of the Supreme Council of the United Russia Party Boris Gryzlov, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin, Rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy, entrepreneurs Vagit Alekperov, Viktor Vekselberg, Oleg Deripaska, Alexey Miller, Vladimir Potanin, Mikhail Prokhorov and others.

Council meetings are held as needed, but at least once a year. The first one took place on April 15, 2011 in Moscow. A total of seven meetings were held: two in Moscow, four in St. Petersburg and one field meeting on the island of Valaam in Lake Ladoga in Karelia (August 6, 2012). The previous meeting was held on April 29, 2016 in St. Petersburg.

In addition, there are 38 regional boards of trustees operating at the branches of the Russian Geographical Society in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (as of the end of 2016).

Divisions, publications

The scientific archive of the Russian Geographical Society, located in St. Petersburg, is the oldest and only specialized geographical archive in Russia (it was formed simultaneously with the Society in 1845). It has 63.2 thousand items of storage: documents, ethnographic collections (more than 13 thousand items), a photo archive (more than 3 thousand), 144 personal funds of geographers and travelers, etc.

The library stocks of St. Petersburg and Moscow contain 480.7 thousand domestic and foreign publications in geography and related sciences. Cartographic funds include 40.7 thousand storage units. The Museum of the History of the Russian Geographical Society in St. Petersburg (opened in 1986) is included in the list of academic museums.

The Russian Geographical Society is one of the founders of the scientific publication Izvestia of the Russian Geographical Society (published since 1865). In 2012, the magazine "Vokrug sveta" (founded in 1861) received the status of a publication of the Society.

RGS grants

Starting from 2010, the Board of Trustees of the Russian Geographical Society organizes the issuance of grants to research, environmental and expeditionary projects on a competitive basis. The money for them is allocated by patrons. In addition, since 2013 the Russian Geographical Society and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) have been awarding joint grants.

In total, in the period from 2010 to 2015, the Company allocated 604 grants (including 66 jointly with the Russian Foundation for Basic Research) for a total amount of 1 billion 28 million 140 thousand rubles. In 2016, the Russian Geographical Society directly supported 105 projects, which received 170 million 705 thousand rubles. grant funds.

The projects "Baikal through the prism of sustainable development", "Ecological rating and ecological map of Russia", expeditions "Kyzyl-Kuragino" (2011-2015), "Gogland" (since 2013), multimedia ethnographic project "Faces of Russia", cycles of documentaries about the history of the Turks in Russia, "Reserved Russia" (2011-2013), the international festival of non-fiction films "Arktika", etc.

The Russian Geographical Society has been supporting programs to clean up the Arctic (since 2010) and to conserve rare species of animals: since 2010 - the Amur tiger, snow leopard, beluga whale, polar bear, since 2011 - the Far Eastern leopard, Przewalski's horse, since 2012 - lynx, since 2013 - manula, walrus.

headquarters

The society has two headquarters. The main (historical) one is located in St. Petersburg. Since 1862, it was located in the house of the Ministry of Public Education on the Fontanka, in 1907-1908, its own building of the Russian Geographical Society was built according to the project of the architect Gavriil Baranovsky in Demidov Lane (now - Grivtsov Lane).

In January 2013, the headquarters was opened in Moscow in a building on New Square, where in the 19th century. the Profitable House of the Moscow Merchant Society was located (in the 1920s - a hostel of the ethnological faculty of Moscow State University).

Financing

Since its inception, the Russian Geographical Society has been part of the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Initially, at the direction of Nicholas I, 10 thousand rubles were allocated for its maintenance. silver per year. By 1896, the state allowance increased to 30 thousand rubles, from 1909 an additional 10 thousand rubles were allocated annually. for the maintenance of the house of the Russian Geographical Society. Until 1917, government subsidies accounted for 50% of the Society's funding. In addition, funds came from private donations (20%), targeted contributions (10%), membership fees (10%), etc.

In Soviet times, the organization was funded by the state. In the 1990s The Russian Geographical Society lost most of its state support, and employees were often not paid salaries. The main source of funds was membership fees - mainly from organizations. The formation of the Board of Trustees of the Society made it possible to fully ensure the activities of the Russian Geographical Society at the expense of extrabudgetary funds. Currently, the Russian Geographical Society does not receive state funding.

Society Awards

The society has its own awards - medals, prizes, honorary diplomas and certificates, nominal scholarships, which are awarded for special merits and achievements in the field of geography and related sciences, environmental activities, contribution to the popularization of the natural, historical and cultural heritage of Russia.

The first and main award of the Russian Geographical Society is the Konstantinovsky Medal, awarded to members of the Society for great services in geographical science and exceptional contribution to the activities of the organization. It was established in 1846-1847. the first chairman of the Society. It was awarded from 1949 to 1929 (in 1924-1929 it was called "The highest award of the society"). The awarding of this medal resumed in 2010. The second most important is the Big Gold Medal for Scientific Works. It has been awarded since 1947 for scientific expeditions, outstanding research in the theory of geography and many years of work in the field of geographical sciences.

Personalized medals include gold medals named after F.P. Litke (established in 1873), P.P. Semenov (1899), N.M. Silver medal named after P.P. Semenov (1899, in memory of the merits of the Vice-Chairman of the Society Peter Semenov-Tyan-Shansky; the award was discontinued after 1930, resumed after 1946), etc.

In total, in the period from 1849 to 2015, the Society awarded 1,736 gold and silver medals of various denominations.

In the Russian Empire, the prize was awarded to them. N. M. Przhevalsky and the Tillo Prize. In the Soviet period and now - the prize to them. S. I. Dezhneva. In 2014, the Prize of the Russian Geographical Society was established, which received international status.

All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Geographical Society"(abbreviated VOO "RGO") is a geographical public organization of Russia, founded on August 18, 1845. One of the oldest geographical societies in the world after Paris (1821), Berlin (1828) and London (1830).

The main task of the Russian Geographical Society is the collection and dissemination of reliable geographical information. The expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society played a big role in the development of Siberia, the Far East, Central and Central Asia, the World Ocean, in the development of navigation, the discovery and study of new lands, in the development of meteorology and climatology. Since 1956, the Russian Geographical Society has been a member of the International Geographical Union.

Official names

During its existence, the society changed its name several times:

Story

Society establishment

Among the founding members of the Society were also geographer and statistician K. I. Arseniev, director of the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Internal Affairs A. I. Levshin, traveler P. A. Chikhachev, linguist, ethnographer, personal secretary and official at large of the Minister of Internal Affairs V. I. Dal, Orenburg Governor-General V. A. Perovsky, writer and philanthropist Prince V. F. Odoevsky.

Start of activity

The Russian Geographical Society was conceived as a geographic and statistical society, under the Ministry of the Interior, but by order of the emperor it was called the Geographical Society. The initial financing of the Society was state-owned and amounted to 10 thousand rubles a year, later patrons made a significant contribution to the financing of enterprises of the Russian Geographical Society.

The society quickly covered all of Russia with its divisions. In 1851, the first two regional departments were opened - Caucasian in Tiflis and Siberian in Irkutsk, then departments were created: Orenburg, North-West in Vilna, South-West in Kiev, West Siberian in Omsk, Amur in Khabarovsk, Turkestan in Tashkent. They conducted extensive surveys of their regions.

During the imperial period of its activity, the Society served as a platform for an informal dialogue between departments that carried out cartographic, statistical and research work: “In its (Society’s) environment, the heads of various state institutions engaged in cartography in Russia converged to discuss the subjects of their studies.”

Structure

• Department of Physical Geography
• Department of Mathematical Geography
• Department of Statistics
• Department of Ethnography
• Political and Economic Committee
• Commission for the Study of the Arctic
• Seismic Commission

The creation of a permanent commission of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (IRGS) for the study of the Arctic made it possible to systematize expedition activities and summarize the unique information received about the nature, geology and ethnography of the Far North. The world-famous Chukotka, Yakutsk and Kola expeditions were carried out. The report on one of the Arctic expeditions of the society interested the great scientist D. I. Mendeleev, who developed several projects for the development and exploration of the Arctic.

The Russian Geographical Society became one of the organizers and participants of the First International Polar Year, during which the Society created autonomous polar stations at the mouth of the Lena and on Novaya Zemlya.

The Seismic Commission of the Russian Geographical Society was established in 1887 after a strong earthquake in the city of Verny (Alma-Ata). The commission was created on the initiative and with the active participation of IV Mushketov.

On March 5, 1912, the Council of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society approved the regulation on the Permanent Environmental Commission.

Honorary members of the Society

During the imperial period, members of foreign royal families were elected honorary members of the society (for example, a personal friend of P. P. Semyonov-Tian-Shansky, the Belgian King Leopold I, the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II, the British Prince Albert), famous foreign explorers and geographers (Baron Ferdinand background Richthofen, Roald Amudsen, Fridtjof Nansen and others).

In addition to the immediate leaders of the Russian Empire and members of the royal family, more than 100 ministers, governors, members of the State Council and the Senate were active members of the Geographical Society in different years. It was fruitful work in the Geographical Society that helped many of them achieve such high results: D. A. Milyutin, who restored the prestige of the Russian army after the defeat in the Crimean War, Ya. V. Khanykov, who received the post of Orenburg governor thanks to outstanding Asian studies, senator and academician V. P. Bezobrazov and many others. others

The public opinion of those years was formed by members of the Russian Geographical Society Metropolitan of Moscow Philaret and Bishop of Nizhny Novgorod Jacob, book publishers Alfred Devrien and Adolf Marx, editors of major Russian and foreign newspapers E. E. Ukhtomsky and Mackenzie Wallace (Donald Mackenzie Wallace).

Benefactors of the Society

The Russian Geographical Society also laid the foundations of the domestic nature reserve business, the ideas of the first Russian specially protected natural areas (SPNA) were born within the framework of the Permanent Environmental Commission of the IRGS, the founder of which was academician I. P. Borodin.

With the assistance of the Russian Geographical Society in 1918, the world's first higher educational institution of a geographical profile, the Geographic Institute, was established.

In 1919, one of the most famous members of the Society, V.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, founded the first geographical museum in Russia.

In the Soviet period, the Society actively developed new areas of activity related to the promotion of geographical knowledge: a commission of an appropriate direction was established, an Advisory Bureau was opened under the leadership of L. S. Berg, the famous lecture hall named after. Yu. M. Shokalsky.

In the post-war period, a rapid growth in the membership of the Society was recorded, if in 1940 it consisted of 745 people, then in 1987 the number of members reached 30 thousand, that is, it increased almost 40 times.

Patrons and Trustees of the Society

Charter of the society

The Russian Geographical Society is the only public organization in Russia that has continuously existed since its inception in 1845. The statutes of the Russian Geographical Society convincingly demonstrate the legally impeccable succession of the society throughout its 170-year history. The first charter of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was approved by Nicholas I on December 28, 1849.

The current charter, in accordance with which the Russian Geographical Society received the status of an “All-Russian public organization”, was approved by the XIV Congress of the All-Russian public organization “Russian Geographical Society”, protocol dated December 11, 2010.

Society management

Over the years, the Russian Geographical Society was led by representatives of the Russian Imperial House, famous travelers, explorers and statesmen.

Chairmen and Presidents

From 1845 to the present, 12 leaders of the society have changed:

Honorary Presidents

• 1931-1940 - Yu. M. Shokalsky
• 1940-1945 - V. L. Komarov
• 2000- present V. - V. M. Kotlyakov

Vice Chairs (Vice Presidents)

• 1850-1856 - M. N. Muravyov (vice-chairman)
• 1857-1873 - F.P. Litke (vice-chairman)
• 1873-1914 - P.P. Semyonov (vice-chairman)
• 1914-1917 - Yu. M. Shokalsky (vice-chairman)
• 1917-1920 - N. D. Artamonov (vice-chairman)
• 1920-1931 - G. E. Grumm-Grzhimailo (Vice Chairman)
• 1931-1932 - N. Ya. Marr (since 1931, deputy heads began to be called vice presidents)
• 1932-1938 - position remained vacant
• 1938-1945 - I. Yu. Krachkovsky
• 1942-19?? - Z. Yu. Shokalskaya (acting vice-president)
• 19??-1952
• 1952-1964 - S. V. Kalesnik
• 1964-1977 - A. F. Tryoshnikov
• 1977-1992 - S. B. Lavrov
• 1992-2000 - Yu. P. Seliverstov
• 2000-2002 - A. A. Komaritsyn
• 2002-2005 - ?
• 2005-2009 - ?
• 2009-2010 - ?
• 2010- present V. - A. N. Chilingarov (First Vice-President); N. S. Kasimov (First Vice-President); A. A. Chibilev; P. Ya. Baklanov; K. V. Chistyakov;

Heads of staff

Chiefs of staff (assistants to the chairman, academic secretaries, executive directors)

Governing Bodies

According to the current Charter (section 5), the structure of the governing bodies of the Society includes: the Congress, the Board of Trustees, the Media Council, the Governing Council, the Academic Council, the Council of Elders, the Council of Regions, the President of the Society, the Executive Directorate and the Audit Commission.

Headquarters operate in Moscow and St. Petersburg

Society Congresses Media Council

In 2010, the My Planet TV channel became the winner of the Golden Luch award in the Best Educational TV Channel of the Year nomination.

There is a program of the Russian Geographical Society on Radio Mayak.

Governing Council Academic Council Council of Elders Council of Regions Executive Directorate Audit Commission

Regional offices

The first "peripheral departments" of the society were created in:

• 1850 - Caucasian in Tiflis
• 1851 - Siberian in Irkutsk

Other branches of the society were established in Vilnius (1867), Orenburg (1867), Kiev (1873), Omsk (1877), Khabarovsk (1894), Tashkent (1897) and other cities. Some organizations were completely autonomous - such as, for example, the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory, established in Vladivostok in 1884 and only formally included in the IRGO in 1894. In 1876 the departments in Vilnius and Kyiv stopped their activity.

Awards of the Russian Geographical Society

The system of awards of the Russian Geographical Society includes a number of medals of various denominations (large gold medals, nominal gold medals, small gold, silver and bronze medals); various awards; honorable mentions and diplomas. No awards were made between 1930 and 1945.

• Big gold medals
  • Konstantinovskaya medal, existed as the highest award of the Russian Geographical Society until 1929 (from 1924 to 1929 it was called the "Highest Award of the Society"). In 2010 and 2011, remakes of the medal were awarded without the status of an award, as a commemorative medal.
  • Big Gold Medal of the Geographical Society of the USSR (1946-1998), Big Gold Medal of the Russian Geographical Society (since 1998).
  • Large gold medal of the departments of ethnography and statistics (1879-1930).
• Named gold medals
  • Gold medal named after P. P. Semenov (1899-1930, since 1946).
  • Medal named after Count F. P. Litke (1873-1930, since 1946).
  • Gold medal named after N. M. Przhevalsky (since 1946).
• Small gold and equivalent medals
  • Small gold medal (1858-1930, since 1998) - awarded for useful geographical research that does not fit the conditions of the Konstantinovsky medal (S. V. Maksimov in 1861; B. Ya. Schweitzer; N. A. Korguev; A. N. Afanasiev; P. N. Rybnikov; P. O. Bobrovsky)
  • Medal named after N. M. Przhevalsky (silver, 1895-1930).
• Unnumbered small medals
  • Small Silver Medal (1858-1930, since 2012).
  • Small bronze medal (1858-1930).
• Prizes
  • N. M. Przhevalsky Prize
  • Tillo Award
  • Honorary reviews and diplomas

Library of the Russian Geographical Society

In 1845, simultaneously with the Russian Geographical Society, its library was also created. The beginning of the book collection was laid by books donated by members of the Society and personally sent by the authors. The acquisition of the fund included the purchase of books and the exchange of publications with Russian and foreign scientific institutions. The creation and operation of such a library is of great cultural significance for Russia. Understanding this, 4 years after its founding, the leadership of the Society entrusts the first work to bring the library in order to Petr Semenov (later - Semenov-Tian-Shansky, the most famous Russian geographer and statesman).

The Library Fund of the Russian Geographical Society (490,000 copies) includes publications on the entire spectrum of geographical sciences and related disciplines - from physical geography to medical geography and geography of art. Foreign publications make up a significant part of the fund, which emphasizes the scientific nature of the library.

As part of the collection of rare books of the XVI-XVIII centuries. there are publications Rossica(messages from foreigners about Russia), publications of the era of Peter I, classic descriptions of travels and discoveries.

The cartographic collection, numbering 42,000 copies, contains rare and single copies of handwritten maps and atlases.

The richest reference fund is represented by encyclopedias, dictionaries, guides, bibliographic publications.

The Publications Fund of the Russian Geographical Society contained copies of all publications published under the heading "Russian Geographical Society". Unfortunately, the lack of funding from the regional offices in the 1990s broke this tradition. Today, the fund of publications of the Russian Geographical Society can no longer be characterized by maximum completeness.

The fund includes books from the personal libraries of members of the Russian Geographical Society who stood at its origins - Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich, Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky and other prominent Russian geographers - Shokalsky, Pavlovsky, Shnitnikov, Kondratiev.

From 1938 to the present day, the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BAS) has been participating in the acquisition of publications for the Library of the Russian Geographical Society. Since the middle of the 20th century, the library of the Russian Geographical Society has been a department of the BAN.

The history of the Library of the Russian Geographical Society is inseparable from the history of Russia. During the years of the Civil War, the Library of the Society was a kind of "club" of geographers of Petrograd. During the Great Patriotic War, the library was not intended for evacuation from besieged Leningrad, providing its funds to soldiers and commanders of the Soviet Army even at night, when time was freed up for studying literature. Materials on the hydrometeorological regime of Lake Ladoga were used for laying the Road of Life.

The uniqueness of the RGS Library fund is emphasized by books signed by famous travelers and researchers of the 2nd half of the 20th century - T. Heyerdahl, Yu. Senkevich, Soviet cosmonauts, L. Gumilyov.

The constant task of the Library is to provide information support for the professional and social activities of members of the Russian Geographical Society and employees of academic institutions in Russia.

Library leaders

Publications of the Russian Geographical Society

• Izvestia of the Russian Geographical Society is the oldest Russian geographical scientific journal published by the Society since 1865. It comes out in a very small circulation (about 130 copies), known mainly to specialists. Editorial office in St. Petersburg.
• Questions of geography - a series of scientific thematic collections on geography, published since 1946. By 2016, more than 140 collections have been published in all branches of geographical science.
• Ice and snow is a scientific journal covering the issues of glaciology and cryolithology.

At present, among the publications of the Russian Geographical Society is the popular science magazine "Around the World", published since 1861, editorial office in Moscow.

Scientific archive of the Russian Geographical Society

Simultaneously with the founding of the Society (1845), the Scientific Archive began to form - the oldest and only specially geographical archive in the country. The first manuscripts received by the archive were private donations. Somewhat later, the archive began to be systematically replenished with personal funds of members of the Russian Geographical Society.

Especially many manuscripts were received from members of the Society, lovers of geography from the broad masses of the rural intelligentsia: teachers, doctors, clergy in response to the ethnographic program of the Society, published in 1848 and sent out in the amount of seven thousand copies to all corners of Russia. The program included six sections: on appearance, on language, on domestic life, on the peculiarities of social life, on mental and moral abilities and education, on folk traditions and monuments.

Of the large number of programs developed by the Department of Ethnography, some should be pointed out that had a noticeable impact on the replenishment of the manuscripts of the archive, these are: “The program for collecting information on folk superstitions and beliefs in South Russia” (1866), “The program for collecting folk legal customs "(1877)," A program for collecting information about wedding ceremonies from the Great Russians and foreigners of Eastern Russia "(1858). Manuscripts are distributed by provinces. The collections of the Caucasus, Central Asian Russia, Siberia, the Baltic region, Belarus, Poland, and Finland are highlighted. Manuscripts of entire groups of nationalities - Slavs (eastern, western, southern), nationalities of Central Asian Russia, Siberia, European Russia have been identified. Materials related to foreign countries are systematized by parts of the world: Europe, Asia, Africa, America, Australia and Oceania.

In total, there are 115 ethnographic collections in the archive - this is more than 13,000 items of storage.

Among the documentary materials of the archive, the fund of the office of the Russian Geographical Society stands out for its richness and diversity, numbering more than 5,000 items. These are manuscripts on organization and creation. Societies, materials on scientific and organizational activities, materials on the organization of numerous expeditions equipped by the Society, correspondence on the international relations of the Society, and so on.

A unique collection of documents are the personal funds of the great Russian geographers and travelers: P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, N. M. Przhevalsky, N. N. Miklukho-Maclay, P. K. Kozlov, G. E. Grumm-Grzhimailo A. I. Voeikov, L. S. Berg, V. L. Komarov, V. A. Obruchev, N. I. Vavilov, Yu. M. Shokalsky, B. A. Vilkitsky and others. Being great scientists and travelers, they left the most interesting descriptions of the natural conditions, economy, life, and folk art of the places they visited. For example, the personal fund of N. M. Przhevalsky - 766 items, including manuscripts and field diaries of all five trips to Central Asia.

At present, there are 144 personal funds in the archive of the Society - this is more than 50,000 items of storage.

The photo archive is rich and varied, with more than 3,000 items.

These are photographs from expeditionary research, photographic landscapes, types of population, everyday scenes, views of cities and villages, and so on. Photos of the Resettlement Administration.

The collection of drawings is especially highlighted - 227 storage units.

As historical relics, medals are stored in the archive - these are 120 items of storage.

The archive contains 98 items of historical value - these are objects of Buddhist worship, unique vases made of bronze and porcelain of Japanese and Chinese work, and so on.

The archive of the Russian Geographical Society is a scientific department where representatives of various specialties study its materials.

The Society's archive participates in various international exhibitions and is engaged in publishing activities. Archive employees consult and select documents for documentaries and feature films and so on.

Heads of the scientific archive

A significant contribution to the development of the scientific archive of the Geographical Society was made by E. I. Gleiber, who was in charge of it from 1936 to 1942. During the blockade of Leningrad, on January 14, 1942, he died of exhaustion in the archive room.

• After the death of E. I. Gleiber, B. A. Valskaya was appointed head of the archive.
• After B. A. Valskaya, the archive was headed by T. P. Matveeva for several decades.
• 1995 - present - Maria Fedorovna Matveeva.

Museum of the Russian Geographical Society

In 1860, Academician K. M. Baer headed a commission for the scientific selection of exhibits that were to be included in the fund of the museum of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. But only 100 years later, in 1970, the 5th Congress of the USSR Civil Defense adopted a Resolution on the organization of the museum, approved and funded by the Museum Council under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Museum of the Geographical Society of the USSR was included in the list of museums of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The museum was opened on December 9, 1986 in the mansion of the Society, built in 1907-1908 according to the project of the architect G. V. Baranovsky, where the rich and vibrant history of the RGS was reflected.

The exposition of the museum clearly showed authentic documents and exhibits, paintings and ancient folios, which arouse the sincere interest of visitors to this chamber and very cozy corner of the building.

During the construction of the house of the Russian Geographical Society, there were no rooms for the museum, but the interiors of the building itself - the lobby, stairs, library, archive, offices and assembly halls - are museum premises, one of which houses the Museum.