Who in Rus' live well. Analysis of the poem "who lives well in Rus'" by chapters, composition of the work Who lives well in Rus' all chapters

Before you - summary Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" The poem was conceived as a "people's book", an epic depicting a whole era in the life of the people. The poet himself spoke of his work as follows:

“I decided to present in a coherent story everything that I know about the people, everything that I happened to hear from their lips, and I started “Who should live well in Rus'”. It will be the epic of modern peasant life.”

As you know, the poet did not finish the poem. Only the first of 4 parts was completed.

We have not reduced the main points to which you should pay attention. The rest is given in brief.

Summary of “Who lives well in Rus'” chapter by chapter

Click on the desired chapter or part of the work to go to its summary

PART ONE

PART TWO

PART THREE

peasant woman

PART FOUR

Feast - for the whole world

PART ONE

PROLOGUE - summary

In what year - count

In what land - guess

On the pillar path

Seven men came together:

Seven temporarily liable,

tightened province,

County Terpigorev,

empty parish,

From adjacent villages:

Zaplatova, Dyryavina,

Razutova, Znobishina,

Gorelova, Neelova -

Crop failure, too,

Agreed - and argued:

Who has fun

Feel free in Rus'?

Roman said: to the landowner,

“Demyan said: to an official,

Luke said: ass.

Fat-bellied merchant! -

Gubin brothers said

Ivan and Mitrodor.

Old man Pahom pushed

And he said, looking at the ground:

noble boyar,

Minister of the State.

And Prov said: to the king ...

Man what a bull: vtemyashitsya

In the head what a whim -

Stake her from there

You won’t knock out: they rest,

Everyone is on their own!

The men are arguing and do not notice how the evening comes. They built a fire, went for vodka, had a bite, and again began to argue about who lives "fun, freely in Rus'." The dispute turned into a fight. At this time, a chick flew up to the fire. Pahom caught him. A chiffchaff bird appears and asks to let the chick go. In return, she tells how to find a self-assembled tablecloth. The groin releases the chick, the men go the indicated way and find a self-assembled tablecloth. The peasants decide not to return home until they find out "for certain", "Who lives happily, // Freely in Rus'."

Chapter 1

The men are on their way. They meet peasants, artisans, coachmen, soldiers, and travelers understand that the life of these people cannot be called happy. Finally they meet pop. He proves to the peasants that the priest has no peace, no wealth, no happiness - it is difficult for a priest's son to get a diploma, the priesthood is even more expensive. The priest can be called at any time of the day or night, in any weather. The priest has to see the tears of the orphans and the death rattle of the dying. And there is no honor for the priest - they compose about him "funny tales // And obscene songs, // And all kinds of blasphemy." The priest has no wealth either - the rich landlords almost never live in Rus'. The men agree with the priest. They go further.

Chapter 2

The peasants see poor living everywhere. A man bathes a horse in the river. The wanderers learn from him that all the people went to the fair. The men go there. At the fair, people trade, have fun, walk, drink. One peasant is crying in front of the people - he drank all the money, and the granddaughter of the guest is waiting at home. Pavlusha Veretennikov, nicknamed "master" bought shoes for his granddaughter. The old man is very happy. Wanderers are watching a performance in a booth.

Chapter 3

People return drunk after the fair.

People go and fall

As if because of the rollers

Buckshot enemies

They fire at the men.

Some man buries the little girl, while assuring that he is burying his mother. Women quarrel in a ditch: who has a worse house. Yakim Nagoi says that "there is no measure for Russian hops," but it is also impossible to measure the grief of the people.

What follows is a story about Yakime Nagom, who previously lived in St. Petersburg, then ended up in prison because of a lawsuit with a merchant. Then he came to live in his native village. He bought pictures with which he pasted over the hut and which he loved very much. There was a fire. Yakim rushed to save not the accumulated money, but the pictures that he later hung in the new hut. The people, returning, sing songs. Wanderers are sad about their own home, about their wives.

Chapter 4

Wanderers walk among the festive crowd with a bucket of vodka. They promise it to the one who convinces that he is really happy. The deacon is the first to come, he says that he is happy that he believes in the kingdom of heaven. They don't give him vodka. An old woman comes up, says that a very large turnip has been born in her garden. They laughed at her and did not give anything either. A soldier comes with medals, says that he is happy that he survived. They brought it to him.

Approached stonemason tells about his happiness - about great strength. His opponent is a thin man. He says that at one time God punished him for boasting the same way. The contractor praised him at the construction site, and he was glad - he took the burden of fourteen pounds and brought it to the second floor. Since then, and withered. He goes to die at home, an epidemic begins in the car, the dead are unloaded at the stations, but he still survived.

A courtyard man comes, boasts that he was the prince's favorite slave, that he licked plates with the remnants of gourmet food, drank foreign drinks from glasses, suffers from a noble disease of gout. He is chased away. A Belarusian comes up and says that his happiness lies in bread, which he can't get enough of. At home, in Belarus, he ate bread with chaff and bark. A man who had been hurt by a bear came and said that his comrades had died while hunting, but he remained alive. The man received vodka from strangers. The beggars boast that they are happy because they are often served. Wanderers understand that they were wasting vodka on " peasant happiness". They are advised to ask Ermil Girin, who kept the mill, about happiness. By decision of the court, the mill is sold at auction. Yermil won the bargain with the merchant Altynnikov, the clerks demanded a third of the cost immediately, contrary to the rules. Yermil did not have money with him, which was required to be paid within an hour, and it was a long way to go home.

He went out to the square and asked the people to lend as much as they could. They got more money than they needed. Yermil gave the money, the mill became his, and the next Friday he distributed the debts. The wanderers wonder why the people believed Girin and gave money. They answer him that he achieved this with the truth. Girin served as a clerk in the estate of Prince Yurlov. He served for five years and did not take anything from anyone, he was attentive to everyone. But he was expelled, and a new clerk came in his place - a scoundrel and a grabber. After the death of the old prince, the new master drove out all the old henchmen and ordered the peasants to elect a new steward. All unanimously elected Yermila. He served honestly, but one day he nevertheless committed an offense - his younger brother Mitrius " shielded”, and instead of him, the son of Nenila Vlasyevna went to the soldiers.

Since that time, Yermil has become homesick - he does not eat, does not drink, says that he is a criminal. He said that let him be judged according to his conscience. The son of Nenila Vlasvna was returned, and Mitriy was taken away, and a fine was imposed on Yermila. A year after that, he walked not on his own, then resigned from his post, no matter how he was begged to stay.

The narrator advises to go to Girin, but another peasant says that Yermil is in jail. A riot broke out, government troops were needed. To avoid bloodshed, they asked Girin to address the people.

The story is interrupted by the cries of a drunken lackey suffering from gout - now he is suffering from beatings for theft. The strangers leave.

Chapter 5

The landowner Obolt-Obolduev was

... "ruddy,

portly, squat,

sixty years;

Mustache gray, long,

Good fellows.

He mistook the men for robbers, even drew a pistol. But they told him what it was. Obolduev laughs, gets down from the carriage and tells about the life of the landowners.

At first he speaks of the antiquity of his kind, then he recalls the old days when

Not only Russian people,

Russian nature itself

Subdued us.

Then the landowners lived well - luxurious feasts, a whole regiment of servants, their own actors, etc. The landowner recalls dog hunting, unlimited power, how he christened with all his patrimony "on bright Sunday."

Now decay is everywhere - " Noble estate // As if everything was hidden, // Died out! The landowner cannot understand in any way why the “idle hacks” urge him to study and work, because he is a nobleman. He says that he has been living in the village for forty years, but he cannot distinguish a barley ear from a rye ear. The peasants think

The great chain is broken

Torn - jumped:

One end on the master,

Others for a man! ..

PART TWO

Last - summary

Wanderers go, they see haymaking. They take the braids from the women, they begin to mow. Music is heard from the river - this is a landowner riding in a boat. The gray-haired man Vlas urges the women - you should not upset the landowner. Three boats moor to the shore, in them the landowner with his family and servants.

The old landowner bypasses the hay, finds fault that the hay is damp, demands to dry it. He leaves with his retinue for breakfast. Wanderers ask Vlas (he turned out to be the burgomaster) why the landowner orders if serfdom is abolished. Vlas replies that they have a special landowner: when he learned about the abolition of serfdom, he had a stroke - the left half of his body was taken away, he lay motionless.

The heirs arrived, but the old man recovered. His sons told him about the abolition of serfdom, but he called them traitors, cowards, etc. Out of fear that they would be disinherited, the sons decide to indulge him in everything.

That is why they persuade the peasants to play a comedy, as if the peasants were returned to the landlords. But some peasants did not need to be persuaded. Ipat, for example, says: And I'm a serf of the Utyatin princes - and that's the whole story! He recalls how the prince harnessed him to a cart, how he bathed him in an ice hole - he dipped him into one hole, pulled him out of another - and immediately gave him vodka.

The prince put Ipat on the goats to play the violin. The horse stumbled, Ipat fell, and the sleigh ran over him, but the prince left. But after a while he returned. Ipat is grateful to the prince that he did not leave him to freeze. Everyone agrees to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished.

Vlas does not agree to be the burgomaster. Agrees to be Klim Lavin.

Klim has a conscience of clay,

And Minin's beards,

Take a look, you'll think

Why not find a peasant

Degree and sober .

The old prince walks and orders, the peasants laugh at him on the sly. The peasant Agap Petrov did not want to obey the orders of the old landowner, and when he caught him cutting down the forest, he told Utyatin directly about everything, calling him a pea jester. The duckling took the second blow. But contrary to the expectations of the heirs, the old prince recovered again and began to demand a public flogging of Agap.

The latter is being persuaded by the whole world. They took him to the stable, put a damask of wine in front of him and told him to shout louder. He shouted so that even Utyatin took pity. Drunk Agap was carried home. He died soon after: Klim shameless ruined him, anathema, blame!»

Utyatin is sitting at the table at this time. Peasants stand at the porch. Everyone is doing a comedy, as usual, except for one guy - he laughs. The man is a visitor, local orders are ridiculous to him. Utyatin again demands the punishment of the rebel. But the wanderers do not want to blame. Burmistrova's godfather saves the day - she says that her son was laughing - a foolish boy. Utyatin calms down, has fun and swaggers at dinner. Dies after dinner. Everyone breathed a sigh of relief. But the joy of the peasants was premature: “ With the death of the Last, the caress of the lord disappeared».

PEASANT WOMAN (FROM THE THIRD PART)

Prologue - summary

The wanderers decide to look for a happy man among women. They are advised to go to the village of Klin and ask for Matrena Timofeevna, nicknamed the "governor". Arriving in the village, the peasants see "wretched houses." The footman who met them explains that "The landowner is abroad, // And the steward is dying." Wanderers meet Matrena Timofeevna.

Matrena Timofeevna

stubborn woman,

Wide and dense

Thirty-eight years old.

Beautiful; gray hair,

The eyes are large, stern,

Eyelashes are the richest

Stern and swarthy.

Wanderers talk about their goal. The peasant woman replies that she has no time to talk about life now - she has to go harvest rye. The men offer to help. Matrena Timofeevna talks about her life.

Chapter 1 - Before marriage. Summary

Matrena Timofeevna was born in a friendly, non-drinking family and lived "like in Christ's bosom." There was a lot of work, but also a lot of fun. Then Matrena Timofeevna met her betrothed;

On the mountain - a stranger!

Philip Korchagin - St. Petersburg worker,

A baker by skill.

Chapter 2 - Songs. Summary

Matrena Timofeevna ends up in a strange house.

The family was big

Grumpy... I got it

From girlish holi to hell!

Husband went to work

Silence, patience advised ...

As ordered, so done:

She walked with anger in her heart.

And didn't say too much

Word to nobody.

Filippushka came in winter,

Bring a silk handkerchief

Yes, I took a ride on a sled

On Catherine's day

And as if there was no grief! ..

She says that her husband beat her only once, when her husband's sister arrived and he asked to give her shoes, but Matryona hesitated. Philip went back to work, and Matrena's son Demushka was born on Kazanskaya. Life in the mother-in-law's house has become even more difficult, but she endures:

Whatever they say, I work

No matter how they scold - I am silent.

Of the entire family of her husband, Matryona Timofeevna was pitied only by her grandfather Savely.

Chapter 3 Summary.

Matrena Timofeevna talks about Savelia.

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a big beard

Grandfather looked like a bear ...<…>

... He already knocked,

According to fairy tales, a hundred years.

Grandfather lived in a special room,

Didn't like families

He didn’t let me into his corner;

And she was angry, barking,

His "branded, convict"

He honored his own son.

Savely will not be angry,

He will go into his light,

Reads the holy calendar, is baptized

Yes, suddenly he will say cheerfully;

“Branded, but not a slave!”…

Savely tells Matryona why he is called "branded". In the years of his youth, the serfs of his village did not pay dues, did not go to corvee, because they lived in remote places and it was difficult to get there. The landowner Shalashnikov tried to collect quitrent, but was not very successful in this.

Excellently fought Shalashnikov,

And not so hot great

Received income.

Soon Shalashnikov (he was a military man) was killed near Varna. His heir sends a German governor.

He makes the peasants work. They themselves do not notice how they cut through the clearing, that is, it has now become easy to get to them.

And then came the hardship

Korega peasant-

Ruined to the bone!<…>

The German has a dead grip:

Until they let the world go

Without leaving, sucks!

This went on for eighteen years. The German built a factory, ordered to dig a well. The German began to scold those who dug the well for idleness (among them was Savely). The peasants pushed the German into a pit and the pit was dug up. Next - hard labor, Savelig! tried to run away from her, but he was caught. He spent twenty years in hard labor, another twenty in the settlement.

Chapter 4 Summary

Matryona Timofeevna gave birth to a son, but her mother-in-law does not allow her to be with the child, since the daughter-in-law began to work less.

The mother-in-law insists that Matryona Timofeevna leave her son with his grandfather. Savely overlooked the child: “The old man fell asleep in the sun, // He fed Demidushka to the pigs // Stupid grandfather! ..” Matryona blames her grandfather, cries. But it didn't end there:

The Lord got angry

He sent uninvited guests,

Wrong judges!

A doctor, a camp officer, and the police appear in the village, accuse Matryona of deliberately killing a child. The doctor makes an autopsy, despite the requests of Matryona " without reproach // To an honest burial // To betray the child ". They call her crazy. Grandfather Savely says that her madness lies in the fact that she went to the authorities without taking with her " no tselkovik, no novelty. They bury Demushka in a closed coffin. Matryona Timofeevna cannot come to her senses, Savely, trying to console her, says that her son is now in paradise.

Chapter 5

After Demushka died, Matryona "she was not herself," she could not work. The father-in-law decided to teach her a lesson with the reins. The peasant woman leaned at his feet and asked: "Kill!" The father-in-law retreated. Day and night Matrena Timofeevna is at her son's grave. Closer to winter, my husband arrived. Savely after the death of Demushki

For six days lay hopelessly

Then he went into the woods.

So sang, so cried grandfather,

What a forest groaned! And in autumn

Gone to repentance

At the Sand Monastery.

Every year Matryona has a baby. Three years later, the parents of Matrena Timofeevna die. She goes to her son's grave to cry. Meets grandfather Saveliy there. He came from the monastery to pray for "the dema of the poor, for all the suffering Russian peasantry." Savely did not live long - "in the autumn, the old one had some kind of deep wound on his neck, he was dying hard ...". Savely spoke of the share of the peasants:

There are three paths for men:

Tavern, jail and hard labor,

And the women in Rus'

Three loops: white silk,

The second - red silk,

And the third - black silk,

Choose any! .

Four years have passed. Matryona resigned herself to everything. Once a pilgrim wanderer comes to the village, she talks about the salvation of the soul, demands from mothers that they do not feed babies with milk on fasting days. Matrena Timofeevna did not obey. “Yes, it is clear that God was angry,” the peasant woman believes. When her son Fedot was eight years old, he was sent to herd sheep. One day Fedot was brought in and told that he had fed a sheep to a she-wolf. Fedot says that a huge emaciated she-wolf appeared, grabbed a sheep and started running. Fedot caught up with her and took away the sheep, which was already dead. The she-wolf looked into his eyes plaintively and howled. From the bleeding nipples it was clear that she had wolf cubs in her lair. Fedot took pity on the she-wolf and gave her the sheep. Matrena Timofeevna, trying to save her son from a flogging, asks for mercy from the landowner, who orders to punish not the shepherd, but the “impudent woman”.

Chapter 6 Summary.

Matrena Timofeevna says that the she-wolf did not appear in vain - there was a lack of bread. The mother-in-law told the neighbors that Matryona, who had put on a clean shirt on Christmas, called on hunger.

For a husband, for an intercessor,

I got off cheap;

And one woman

Not for the same

Killed to death with stakes.

Don't mess with the hungry!

After the lack of bread came the recruitment. The brother's older husband was taken to the soldiers, so the family did not expect trouble. But the husband of Matrena Timofeevna is taken to the soldiers out of turn. Life gets even harder. Children had to be sent around the world. The mother-in-law became even more grumpy.

Well don't dress up

Don't wash your face

Neighbors have sharp eyes

Vostro tongues!

Walk the street quieter

Carry your head down

When it's fun, don't laugh

Don't cry out of sadness!

Chapter 7 Summary

Matrena Timofeevna is going to the governor. She has difficulty getting to the city, as she is pregnant. Gives a ruble to the porter to let him in. He says to come back in two hours. Matrena Timofeevna comes, the doorman takes another ruble from her. The governor's wife drives up, Matryona Timofeevna rushes to her with a request for intercession. The peasant woman becomes ill. When she comes to, she is told that she has given birth to a child. The governor, Elena Alexandrovna, was very imbued with Matryona Timofeevna, went after her son as if she were her own (she herself had no children). A messenger is sent to the village to sort everything out. The husband was returned.

Chapter 8 Summary

The men ask if Matryona Timofeevna told them everything. She says that all, except that they survived the fire twice, had anthrax three times, that instead of a horse she had to walk "in a harrow." Matrena Timofeevna recalls the words of the holy pilgrim who went to "Heights of Athens»:

Keys to female happiness

From our free will

Abandoned, lost by God himself!<…>

Yes, they are unlikely to be found ...

What fish swallowed

Those reserved keys

In what seas is that fish

Walking - God forgot!

PART FOUR.

Feast - for the whole world

Introduction - summary

There is a feast in the village. Organized a feast Klim. They sent for the parish deacon Tryphon. He came along with his sons, seminarians Savvushka and Grisha.

... Was the eldest

Already nineteen years old;

Now a protodeacon

I looked, and at Gregory

Face thin, pale

And the hair is thin, curly,

With a hint of red.

Simple guys, kind,

Mowed, reaped, sowed

And drank vodka on holidays

equal to the peasantry.

The clerk and the seminarians began to sing.

I. Bitter Time - Bitter Songs - Summary

CHEERFUL

“Eat prison, Yasha! There is no milk!"

- "Where is our cow?"

Take away, my light!

Master for offspring

I took her home."

It's nice to live people

Saint in Rus'!

"Where are our chickens?" -

The girls are yelling.

"Don't scream, fools!

The Zemsky court ate them;

I took another supply

Yes, he promised to stay ... "

It's nice to live people

Saint in Rus'!

Broke my back

And the sourdough doesn't wait!

Baba Katerina

Remembered - roars:

In the yard for over a year

Daughter ... no dear!

It's nice to live people

Saint in Rus'!

A little from the kids

Look - and there are no children:

The king will take the boys

Barin - daughters!

One freak

Live with family.

It's nice to live people

Saint in Rus'!

Then the wahlaks sang:

corvee

Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,

Nothing for him to flaunt

Only the back is painted

Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.

From the bast to the gate

The skin is all torn

The belly swells from the chaff.

twisted, twisted,

Slashed, tormented,

Hardly Kalina wanders.

It will knock on the feet of the tavern keeper,

Sorrow drowns in wine

Only on Saturday will come around

From the lord's stables to his wife ...

The men remember the old order. One of the peasants recalls how one day their mistress decided to mercilessly beat the one "who says a strong word." The men stopped swearing, but as soon as the will was announced, they took their souls away so much that "priest Ivan was offended." Another man tells about the serf of the exemplary Jacob the faithful. The greedy landowner Polivanov had a faithful servant Yakov. He was devoted to the master without limit.

Jacob showed up like this from his youth,

Only Jacob had joy:

Gentleman groom, cherish, appease

Yes, the nephew is a youngster to download.

Yakov's nephew Grisha grew up and asked the master for permission to marry the girl Arina.

However, the master himself liked her. He gave Grisha to the soldiers, despite the pleas of Yakov. The serf got drunk and disappeared. Polivanov feels bad without Yakov. Two weeks later, the serf returned. Polivanov is going to visit his sister, Yakov is taking him. They go through the forest, Yakov turns into a deaf place - Devil's ravine. Polivanov is frightened - he begs to be spared. But Yakov says that he is not going to get his hands dirty with murder, and hangs himself on a tree. Polivanov is left alone. He spends the whole night in the ravine, screaming, calling people, but no one responds. In the morning a hunter finds him. The landowner returns home, lamenting: "I'm a sinner, a sinner! Execute me!"

After the story, the peasants start a dispute over who is more sinful - tavern owners, landowners, peasants or robbers. Klim Lavin fights with a merchant. Ionushka, the "humble praying mantis", talks about the power of faith. His story is about the holy fool Fomushka, who called people to flee to the forests, but he was arrested and taken to prison. From the cart, Fomushka shouted: “They beat you with sticks, rods, whips, you will be beaten with iron bars!” In the morning a military team came and pacification and interrogations began, that is, Fomushka's prophecy "almost came true to the point." Jonah talks about Efrosinyushka, the messenger of God, who, in her cholera years, “buries, heals, and takes care of the sick.” Iona Lyapushkin - praying mantis and wanderer. The peasants loved him and argued about who would be the first to take him in. When he appeared, everyone brought icons to meet him, and Jonah followed those whose icon he liked best. Jonah tells a parable about two great sinners.

ABOUT TWO GREAT SINNERS

The true story was told to Jonah in Solovki by Father Pitirim. There were twelve robbers, whose chieftain was Kudeyar. They lived in a dense forest, plundered a lot of wealth, and killed a lot of innocent souls. From near Kyiv, Kudeyar brought himself a beautiful girl. Unexpectedly, “the Lord awakened the conscience” of the robber. Kudeyar " He blew off his mistress's head // And he spotted the Yesaula". returned home with tartsem in monastic clothes y ”, day and night prays to God for forgiveness. A saint of the Lord appeared before Kudeyar. He pointed to a huge oak tree and said: With the same knife that robbed, / Cut him with the same hand! ..<…>The tree has just collapsed, // The chains of sin will fall". Kudeyar begins to fulfill what has been said. Time passes, and pan Glukhovsky passes by. He asks what Kudeyar is doing.

A lot of cruel, scary

The old man heard about the pan

And as a lesson to the sinner

He told his secret.

Pan chuckled: "Salvation

I haven't had tea for a long time

In the world I honor only a woman,

Gold, honor and wine.

You have to live, old man, in my opinion:

How many slaves I destroy

I torture, I torture and hang,

And I would like to see how I sleep!

The hermit becomes furious, attacks the pan and plunges a knife into his heart. At that very moment, the tree collapsed, and a load of sins fell from the old man.

III. Both old and new - summary

PEASANT SIN

One admiral for military service, for the battle with the Turks near Ochakovo, the Empress was granted eight thousand souls of peasants. Dying, he gives the casket to Gleb the elder. Punishes the casket to protect, as it contains a will, according to which all eight thousand souls will receive freedom. After the death of the admiral, a distant relative appears on the estate, promises the headman a lot of money, and the will is burned. Everyone agrees with Ignat that this is a big sin. Grisha Dobrosklonov speaks about the freedom of the peasants, that "there will be no new Gleb in Rus'." Vlas wishes Grisha wealth, a smart and healthy wife. Grisha in response:

I don't need any silver

No gold, but God forbid

So that my countrymen

And every peasant

Lived freely and cheerfully

All over holy Rus'!

A cart of hay is approaching. Soldier Ovsyannikov is sitting on the wagon together with his niece Ustinyushka. The soldier made his living with the help of a raik, a portable panorama showing objects through a magnifying glass. But the tool is broken. The soldier then came up with new songs and began to play on spoons. Sings a song.

Soldier's Toshen light,

There is no truth

Life is boring

The pain is strong.

German bullets,

Turkish bullets,

French bullets,

Russian sticks!

Klim notices that in his yard there is a deck on which he chopped firewood from his youth. She is "not as wounded" as Ovsyannikov. However, the soldier did not receive full board, as the doctor's assistant, when examining the wounds, said that they were second-rate. The soldier reapplies.

IV. Good time - good songs - a summary.

Grisha and Savva take their father home and sing:

The share of the people

his happiness.

Light and freedom

First of all!

We are a little

We ask God:

honest deal

do skillfully

Give us strength!

Working life -

Direct to friend

Road to the heart

Away from the threshold

Coward and lazy!

Isn't it heaven!

The share of the people

his happiness.

Light and freedom

First of all!

Father fell asleep, Savvushka took up the book, and Grisha went into the field. Grisha has a thin face - in the seminary they were underfed by the housekeeper. Grisha remembers his mother Domna, whose favorite son he was. Sings a song:

In the middle of the world

For a free heart

There are two ways.

Weigh the proud strength

Weigh firm will, -

How to go?

One spacious

The road is torn,

The passions of a slave

On it is huge,

Hungry for temptation

The crowd is coming.

About sincere life

About the lofty goal

There thought is ridiculous.

Eternal boils there

Inhuman

Enmity-war.

For mortal blessings...

There are captive souls

Full of sin.<…>

The other one is tight

The road is honest

They walk on it

Only strong souls

loving,

To fight, to work.

For the bypassed

For the oppressed

In their footsteps

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

No matter how dark vakhlachina,

No matter how crowded with corvee

And slavery - and she,

Blessed, put

In Grigory Dobrosklonov

Such a messenger.

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

Grisha sings a song about the bright future of his Motherland: “ You are still destined to suffer a lot, / But you will not die, I know". Grisha sees a barge hauler, who, having completed his work, clinking coppers in his pocket, goes to a tavern. Grisha sings another song.

RUS

You are poor

You are abundant

You are powerful

You are powerless

Mother Rus'!

Saved in bondage

Free heart -

Gold, gold

The heart of the people!

The strength of the people

mighty force -

Conscience is calm

The truth is alive!

Strength with unrighteousness

They don't get along

Victim of untruth

Not called -

Rus' does not stir

Rus' is dead!

And lit up in it

The hidden spark

We got up - nebuzheny,

Came out - uninvited,

Live by the grain

The mountains have been applied!

Rat rises -

Innumerable!

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

You are poor

You are abundant

You are beaten

You are almighty

Mother Rus'!

Grisha is pleased with his song:

He heard immense strength in his chest,

Gracious sounds delighted his ears,

Sounds of the radiant hymn of the noble -

He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! ..

I hope this summary of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" helped you prepare for the lesson of Russian literature.

Wanderers go, they see haymaking. Haven't mowed for a long time, I wanted to work. They took braids from the women, began to mow. Suddenly, music is heard from the river. A gray-haired man named Vlas explains that this is a landowner riding in a boat. He pushes the women, says that the main thing is not to upset the landowner. Three boats are moored to the shore, in them there is an old gray-haired landowner, hangers-on, servants, three young ladies, two beautiful ladies, two mustachioed gentlemen. The old landowner goes around the hayfield, finds fault with one stack that the hay is damp, demands that it be dried. Everyone fawns over him and tries to please. When the landowner and his retinue leave for breakfast, the wanderers pester Vlas with questions, who turned out to be a steward, wondering why the landowner is in charge, although serfdom has been abolished, which means that the hay and the meadow that is being mowed are not his. Vlas says that their landowner is “special” - “he has been acting weird all his life, fooling around, and then suddenly a thunderstorm broke out.” The landowner did not believe. The governor himself came to him, they argued for a long time, and in the evening the master had a stroke - the left half of the body was taken away, lying motionless. The heirs arrived - sons, "black-moustached guardsmen", with their wives. But the old man recovered, and when he heard from his sons about the abolition of serfdom, he called them traitors, cowards, etc. The sons, fearing that he would deprive them of their inheritance, decide in. indulge him all. One of the "ladies" told the old man that the peasants had been ordered to return the landlords again. The old man was delighted, ordered to serve a prayer service, to ring the bells. The heirs persuade the peasants to break the comedy. But there were also those who did not have to be persuaded. One, Ipat, said: “You have fun! And I'm a serf of the Duck princes - and that's the whole story! Ipat fondly recalls how the prince harnessed him to the cart, how he bathed him in an ice hole - kunal into one hole, pulled him out into another and immediately gave him vodka, how he put him on the goats to play the violin. The horse stumbled, Ipat fell, the sleigh ran over him, the prince drove away. But after a while he returned - Ipat was grateful to the prince to tears that he did not leave him to freeze. Gradually, everyone agrees to deception - to pretend that serfdom has not been abolished, only Vlas refuses to be a steward. Then Klim Lavin is called to be a steward:

Been to Moscow and St. Petersburg, Traveled to Siberia with the merchants, It's a pity I didn't stay there! Clever, but a penny does not hold, Heather, but gets caught in a mess! Fuck man! Heard a lot of special words: Patronage, Moscow, the capital, Great Russian soul. "I am a Russian peasant!" - He bawled in a wild voice And, having knocked on the forehead with dishes, He drank half a bottle in one gulp!

Klim has a clay conscience, And Minin's beard, You'll see, so you'll think, That you can't find a peasant more powerful and sober.

The old order is gone. The old prince walks around the patrimony, orders, the peasants laugh behind his back. The prince gives stupid orders: having learned that one widow's house has collapsed and she is making her way through alms, he orders to fix the house and marry her to the neighbor Gavrila; later it turns out that the widow is under seventy, and the "groom" is six years old. Only the muzhik Agap Petrov did not want to obey the old rules, and when his landowner caught him stealing the forest, he told Utyatin everything directly, called him a jester, etc. Utyatin had a second blow. But the hopes of the heirs were not justified this time either: the old man woke up and began to demand the punishment of the rebel - a public flogging. The heirs begin to persuade Agap, they persuade the whole world, Klim drank with him for a day, then, having persuaded him, he took him to the manor's yard. The old prince cannot walk - he sits on the porch. Agap was taken to the stable, they put a bottle of wine in front of him, and asked him to shout louder. He shouted so that even Utyatin took pity. Drunk Agap was carried home. But he soon died: “Klim, the shameless one, ruined him, anathema, with a blame!”

Utyatin at this time is sitting at the table - there are obsequious servants around, footmen drive away flies, everyone agrees in everything. The peasants are standing at the porch. Everyone breaks a comedy, suddenly one man can not stand it - he laughs. Utyatin jumps up, demands the punishment of the rebel. But the laughing man - "a rich Petersburger", arrived on time, local orders do not apply to him. The peasants persuade one of the wanderers to obey. They open up. The burmistrov's godfather saves everyone - she throws herself at the feet of the master, says that her son laughed - an unintelligent boy. Utyatin calms down. He drinks champagne, jokes, “pinches the beautiful daughters-in-law”, orders the musicians to play, makes the daughters-in-law and sons dance, ridicules them. One of the "ladies" is forced to sing, falls asleep. They take him away. Klim says that he would never have taken up such a case if he had not known that the “last child” was swaggering at his will. Vlas objects that until quite recently all this was serious, but "not in jest and for money." Here comes the news that Utyatin died - a new stroke was enough just after eating. The peasants breathed a sigh of relief. But their joy was premature:

With the death of the Last, the caress of the lord disappeared:

The Guardsmen did not let the Vahlaks get drunk! And for the pasture meadows Heirs with the peasants Compete to this day. Vlas is an intercessor for the peasants, Lives in Moscow ... was in St. Petersburg ... But there is no sense!

“To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is a work that is the apogee in Nekrasov's writing activity. Work on the poem was realized 3 years after such a significant event as the abolition of serfdom. It was it that determined the problematics of the book, through which the author expressed the whole life of the people, shocked by the freedom given to him. Below we provide a summary of the text under consideration by chapters and it, so that it is easier for you, dear readers, to navigate this difficult, philosophical, but incredibly interesting and amazing work.

Prologue

The story begins with a meeting of seven men from villages with telling names (for example, Dyryavina, Gorelov, Razutov, etc.), who are wondering who lives happily on Russian land. Each of them puts forward his own version, thereby starting a dispute. Meanwhile, evening is already coming, the men decide to go for vodka, light a fire and continue to find out which of them is right.

Soon the question leads the men to a dead end, they start a fight, and at this time Pahom catches a little chick, then the mother of the chick flies in and asks to let go, promising in return to tell where you can get a self-assembly tablecloth. The peasants did everything as the warbler told, and a tablecloth with all the dishes unfolded in front of them. They decided at the feast that until they find the answer to the question, they will not calm down. And they went on the road - to look for a lucky man in their miserable homeland.

Chapter I. Pop

The peasants begin to search for a happy man. They go through the steppes, fields, past ponds and rivers, they meet different people: from the poor to the rich.

They meet the soldiers, ask them their question, and in response they receive that “the soldiers shave with an awl, The soldiers warm themselves with smoke - What happiness is there? ". They pass by the priest and ask him the same question. He argues that happiness does not lie in luxury, tranquility and well-being. He says that he does not have these benefits, that his son cannot learn to read and write, that he constantly sees weeping at the coffins - what kind of well-being is there? Pop explains that he used to go to weddings rich, and earn money on this, but now it has disappeared. He ended up saying that it is so difficult that you come to the family of peasants to bury the breadwinner, but there is nothing to take from them. The priest finished his speech, bowed and wandered on, but the peasants were in disarray.

Chapter II. rural fair

Hot day. The men go and talk among themselves, note that it is empty around. They meet a pilgrim washing a horse on the river and find out where the people from the village have gone, and he replies that everyone is at the fair in the Kuzminskaya village. Peasants go there and see how people walk.

They notice an old man asking the people for two hryvnias. Granddaughter is not enough for a gift. They also see the gentleman who buys the beggar's granddaughter boots. Everything can be found at this fair: products, books, jewelry.

Chapter III. drunken night

Seven men continue their journey, because the answer to the question has not yet been found. They hear the reasoning of various drunken peasants.

The attention of seven peasants is attracted by Pavlusha Veretennikov, who writes down in a notebook all the stories, sayings and songs heard from the peasants. Having completed the work, the guy began to blame the people for drunkenness and cheeky behavior, in response he heard that sadness would come and honest people would be sad if they stopped drinking.

Chapter IV. Happy

The men do not calm down and the search continues. So, they lure the people, shouting: “Come out happy! We'll pour vodka! ". Honest people gathered around, began to find out who is happy. As a result, they understand that happiness for a simple man is that at least occasionally he is completely full, and God helps in difficult times, the rest will work out.

Further, the peasants are advised to find Yermila Girin, before telling them a story about how all the people of Yermila collected money for the mill, how he later returned every penny, how honest he was with them. The travelers decide to go to Kirin, but they find out that he is in jail. Further, the story about this man is interrupted.

Chapter V. Landowner

Travelers on their way meet the landowner Obolt Obolduev, who at first mistook them for thieves and began to threaten them with a pistol, but then started a story about his family.

He began to remember the rich feasts, to dream about the servants, and his power, but now such a life is impossible. The landowner complains about the languid years that have come, that he cannot live according to such a schedule, and in the meantime the people empathize.

Part two

Last. Chapter (I; II; III)

The men wander on, do not retreat from the desire to find a happy one. They go out to the banks of the Volga and see a hay meadow in front of them. They notice three boats in which the master's family sat down. They look at them and are surprised: serfdom has already been abolished, but they have everything as if there was no reform.

The gray-haired old man Utyatin, having learned about the will of the peasants, promised to deprive his sons of funds, and they, so that this did not happen, came up with a simple plan: they begged the peasants to pass themselves off as serfs, and in return, after the death of the master, they would be given the best meadows. Upon learning that people remained in the power of Utyatin, he immediately became kinder and perked up. Everyone accepted their role, but Agap Petrov could not hide his displeasure and complained to the landowner, for which he was sentenced to flogging. The peasants played a scene with him, but after such a humiliation, Agap got drunk and died.

So the master arranged a feast, where he praised serfdom, after which the hero lay down in the boat and expired. The people rejoice that the prince died, the peasants began to wait for the fulfillment of promises, but no one presented the meadows.

Part three

Peasant Woman: Prologue and chapters 1-8

Continuing the search for a man who knew human happiness, 7 men decided to look for one among women. They are sent to a woman named Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna. From her, the peasants learn the very sad and difficult fate of the heroine. From the story, the peasants understand that only in her father's house did she manage to know happiness, and when she got married, she doomed herself to a difficult life, because her new relatives did not like her. Real love feelings did not reign between Matryona and her lover for long: he left to work, and left his wife for the household. Matryona does not know fatigue, she works day and night to support her family and her son Demushka, a ray of hope and joy in her difficult female lot. Del Savely looks after him - the only person who supported her in the new family. His fate is not easier: once he, along with his comrades, killed the manager because he ruined their village. For the murder, the peasant went to hard labor, from where he appeared sick and infirm. His family reproached him for this.

Once a misfortune befalls him: the boy is eaten by pigs. Grandfather overlooked him. A real hit for a woman! She cannot forget her son, although other children have already appeared. Once she even accepts a spanking, helping her son out. He gave the sheep to the hungry she-wolf out of pity, and they wanted to flog him in public, an eight-year-old boy.

And here is a new problem! The husband is recruited, and there is no one to intercede. Then Matryona goes to the official to ask for a spouse, because he is the only breadwinner for the family. She finds his wife, and the lady helps the peasant woman - the family is left alone. For this incident, the heroine was called the lucky one.

Now Matrena Timofeevna, as in the old days, sacrifices herself for the sake of growing children. The life of the "lucky" is not easy. The constant struggle for her family, husband and children "shaken" Matryona Korchagin. As a result, she exclaims: “It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman between women!”

A feast for the whole world

The action takes place on the banks of the Volga, near the village of Vakhlachina. A great feast is organized here, where 7 men stop looking for a happy person.

There are a variety of heroes here who tell about their destinies. Everyone has a heavy burden of life events behind them, which, like an unhealed scar, makes itself felt. They are attached to arguments about what life is, what is the path of an ordinary peasant and how the people live.

Epilogue. Grisha Dobrosklonov

A significant hero of this fragment is Grisha Dobrosklonov. The reader will also learn his rich history from the chapter "a feast for the whole world." The writer ends the chapter under consideration with the hero's reasoning about the fate of the people, about what will happen to him next. And all these thoughts began to pour out into songs about the people and Rus', the support of which he saw in the unity of people, because it contains a great force that is not afraid of the greatest adversity.

This is a happy person, because he lives for the sake of a high and pure goal - to alleviate the hard lot of his compatriots. Although fate is preparing for him exile, exile, consumption, he is still ready to accept this burden for the sake of fulfilling his dream - the prosperity of his homeland.

Retelling plan

1. The dispute of the peasants about "who lives happily, freely in Rus'."
2. Meeting with the priest.
3. A drunken night after the fair.
4. The story of Yakim Nagogo.
5. The search for a happy man among men. The story of Yermila Girin.
6. The peasants meet the landowner Obolt-Obolduev.
7. The search for a happy man among women. History of Matrena Timofeevna.
8 Meeting with an eccentric landowner.
9. Parable about the exemplary serf - Jacob the faithful.
10. The story of two great sinners - Ataman Kudeyar and Pan Glukhovsky. The story of the "peasant sin".
11. Thoughts of Grisha Dobrosklonov.
12. Grisha Dobrosklonov - "the people's protector."

retelling

Part I

Prologue

The poem begins with the fact that seven men met on a pole path and argued about "who lives happily, freely in Rus'." “Roman said: to the landowner, Demyan said: to the official, Luka said: to the priest. Fat-bellied merchant! - said the Gubin brothers, Ivan and Mitrodor. The old man Pakhom puckered up and said, looking at the ground: to the noble boyar, the minister of the sovereign. And Prov said: to the king. They argued all day and did not even notice how night fell. The peasants looked around them, realized that they had gone far from home, and decided to rest before the way back. As soon as they had time to settle down under a tree and drink vodka, their dispute began with renewed vigor, it even came to a fight. But then the peasants saw that a small chick crawled up to the fire, having fallen out of the nest. Pahom caught him, but then a warbler appeared and began to ask the peasants to let her chick go, and for this she told them where the self-collected tablecloth was hidden. The men found a tablecloth, had dinner and decided that they would not return home until they found out "who lives happily, freely in Rus'."

Chapter I. Pop

The next day the men set off. At first they met only peasants, beggars and soldiers, but the peasants did not ask them, “How is it for them - is it easy, is it difficult to live in Rus'.” Finally in the evening they met the priest. The peasants explained to him that they had a concern that “had risen from the houses, unfriended us with work, discouraged us from eating”: “Is the priestly life sweet? How do you live freely, happily, honest father? And the pop begins his story.

It turns out that there is no peace, no wealth, no honor in his life. There is no rest, because in a large county "a sick, dying, born into the world does not choose time: in reaping and haymaking, in the dead of autumn night, in winter, in severe frosts and in spring floods." And always the priest must go to fulfill his duty. But the most difficult thing, the priest admits, is to watch how a person dies and how his relatives cry over him. There is no priest and honor, because among the people he is called "a foal breed"; meeting a priest on the road is considered a bad omen; about the priest they compose “joke tales, and obscene songs, and all kinds of blasphemy,” and they make a lot of jokes about the priest’s family. Yes, and it is difficult for a priest to acquire wealth. If in former times, before the abolition of serfdom, there were many landlord estates in the county, in which weddings and christenings were constantly celebrated, now only poor peasants remain who cannot generously pay the priest for his work. Pop himself says that his “soul will turn over” to take money from the poor, but then he will have nothing to feed his family with. With these words, the priest leaves the men.

Chapter 2

The men continued their journey and ended up in the village of Kuzminskoye, at the fair, they decided to look for a lucky one here. “Wanderers went to the shops: they admire handkerchiefs, Ivanovo calicoes, harnesses, new shoes, products of the Kimryaks.” At the shoe shop they meet old man Vavila, who admires the goat's shoes, but does not buy them: he promised his little granddaughter to buy shoes, and other family members - various gifts, but drank all the money. Now he is ashamed to appear in front of his granddaughter. The assembled people listen to him, but cannot help, because no one has extra money. But there was one person, Pavel Veretennikov, who bought Vavila shoes. The old man was so deeply moved that he ran away, forgetting even to thank Veretennikov, "but the other peasants were so comforted, so happy, as if he gave everyone a ruble." The wanderers go to a booth where they watch a comedy with Petrushka.

Chapter 3

Evening comes, and the travelers leave the “vibrant village”. They walk along the road, and everywhere they meet drunk people who return home after the fair. From all sides, drunken conversations, songs, complaints about the hard life, the cries of the fighting can be heard from the wanderers.

Travelers meet Pavel Veretennikov at the road post, around whom the peasants have gathered. Veretennikov writes down in his little book the songs and proverbs that the peasants sing to him. “The Russian peasants are smart,” says Veretennikov, “one thing is not good, that they drink to the point of stupefaction, fall into ditches, fall into ditches - it’s a shame to look!” After these words, a peasant approaches him, who explains that the peasants drink because of the hard life: “There is no measure for Russian hops. Have you measured our grief? Is there a measure for work? Wine brings down a peasant, but grief does not bring down? Work is not falling? And the peasants drink to forget, to drown their grief in a glass of vodka. But then the man adds: “We have a drinking non-drinking family for our family! They don’t drink, but they also toil, it would be better if they drank, stupid, but such is their conscience. To Veretennikov’s question, what is his name, the peasant replies: “Yakim Nagoi lives in the village of Bosovo, he works to death, drinks half to death! ..”, and the rest of the peasants began to tell Veretennikov the story of Yakim Nagoi. He once lived in St. Petersburg, but he was put in prison after he decided to compete with the merchant. He was stripped to the bone, and so he returned to his homeland, where he took up the plow. Since then, for thirty years he has been "fried on a strip under the sun." He bought pictures for his son, which he hung around the hut, and he liked to look at them himself. But one day there was a fire. Yakim, instead of saving the money he had accumulated throughout his life, saved the pictures, which he then hung in a new hut.

Chapter 4

People who called themselves happy began to converge under the linden. A sexton came, whose happiness consisted "not in sables, not in gold", but "in complacency." The pock-marked old woman came. She was happy because she had a large turnip born. Then a soldier came, happy because "he was in twenty battles, and not killed." The bricklayer began to tell that his happiness lies in the hammer with which he earns money. But then another bricklayer came up. He advised not to brag about his strength, otherwise grief could come out of it, which happened to him in his youth: the contractor began to praise him for his strength, but once he put so many bricks on a stretcher that the peasant could not bear such a burden and after that he completely fell ill. The yard man, the footman, also came to the travelers. He declared that his happiness lay in the fact that he had a disease that only noble people suffer from. All sorts of people came to brag about their happiness, and as a result, the wanderers passed their sentence on peasant happiness: “Hey, peasant happiness! Leaky, with patches, humpbacked, with corns, get the hell out of here!”

But then a man approached them, who advised them to ask about happiness from Yermila Girin. When the travelers asked who this Yermila was, the man told them. Yermila worked at a mill that belonged to no one, but the court decided to sell it. Bidding was arranged, in which Yermila began to compete with the merchant Altynnikov. As a result, Yermila won, only they immediately demanded money from him for the mill, and Yermila did not have that kind of money with him. He asked for half an hour, ran to the square and asked the people to help him. Ermila was a respected person among the people, so each peasant gave him as much money as he could. Yermila bought the mill, and a week later he came back to the square and gave back all the money he had lent. And each took as much money as he lent him, no one appropriated too much, even one more ruble remained. The audience began to ask why Ermila Girin was in such high esteem. The narrator said that in his youth Yermila was a clerk in the gendarmerie corps and helped every peasant who turned to him with advice and deed and did not take a penny for it. Then, when a new prince arrived in the patrimony and dispersed the gendarme office, the peasants asked him to elect Yermila as the mayor of the volost, as they trusted him in everything.

But then the priest interrupted the narrator and said that he did not tell the whole truth about Yermila, that he also had a sin: instead of his younger brother, Yermila recruited the only son of the old woman, who was her breadwinner and support. Since then, his conscience haunted him, and one day he almost hanged himself, but instead demanded that he be tried as a criminal in front of all the people. The peasants began to ask the prince to take the old woman's son from the recruits, otherwise Yermila would hang herself out of conscience. In the end, the son was returned to the old woman, and Yermila's brother was sent to recruit. But Yermila's conscience still tormented him, so he resigned his position and began working at the mill. During a riot in the patrimony, Yermila ended up in prison ... Then there was a cry from a lackey, who was flogged for theft, and the priest did not have time to tell the story to the end.

Chapter 5

The next morning we met the landowner Obolt-Obolduev and decided to ask if he lives happily. The landowner began to tell that he was "of an eminent family", his ancestors were known three hundred years ago. This landowner lived in the old days “like Christ in his bosom”, he had honor, respect, a lot of land, several times a month he organized holidays that “any Frenchman” could envy, went hunting. The landowner kept the peasants in strictness: “Whomever I want, I will have mercy, whoever I want, I will execute. The law is my desire! The fist is my police! But then he added that he “punished - loving”, that the peasants loved him, they celebrated Easter together. But the travelers only laughed at his words: “Kolom knocked them down, or what, you pray in the manor’s house? ..” Then the landowner began to sigh that such a carefree life had passed after the abolition of serfdom. Now the peasants no longer work on the landed estates, and the fields have fallen into disrepair. Instead of a hunting horn, the sound of an ax is heard in the forests. Where lordly houses used to stand, drinking establishments are now being built. After these words, the landowner began to cry. And the travelers thought: "The great chain broke, it broke - it jumped: at one end on the gentleman, on the other at the peasant! .."

peasant woman
Prologue

The travelers decided to look for a happy man among women. In one village they were advised to find Matryona Timofeevna and ask around. The men set out on their journey and soon reached the village of Klin, where “Matryona Timofeevna” lived, a portly woman, broad and thick, about thirty-eight years old. She is beautiful: her hair is gray, her eyes are large, strict, her eyelashes are the richest, she is stern and swarthy. She is wearing a white shirt, and a short sundress, and a sickle over her shoulder. The peasants turned to her: “Tell me in a divine way: what is your happiness?” And Matrena Timofeevna began to tell.

Chapter 1

As a girl, Matrena Timofeevna lived happily in a large family, where everyone loved her. Nobody woke her up early, they allowed her to sleep and gain strength. From the age of five, she was taken out into the field, she went after the cows, brought breakfast to her father, then she learned how to harvest hay, and got used to work. After work, she sat at the spinning wheel with her friends, sang songs, and went dancing on holidays. Matryona was hiding from the guys, she did not want to fall into captivity from a girl's will. But all the same, she found a groom, Philip, from distant lands. He began to marry her. Matrena did not agree at first, but the guy fell in love with her. Matrena Timofeevna admitted: “While we were bargaining, it must be, so I think, then there was happiness. And hardly ever again!” She married Philip.

Chapter 2. Songs

Matrena Timofeevna sings a song about how the groom's relatives pounce on the daughter-in-law when she arrives at a new house. Nobody likes her, everyone makes her work, and if she doesn't like her work, then they can beat her. This is how it happened with the new family of Matrena Timofeevna: “The family was huge, grumpy. I got from the girl's will to hell! Only in her husband could she find support, and it happened that he beat her. Matrena Timofeevna sang about a husband who beats his wife, and his relatives do not want to intercede for her, but only order to beat her even more.

Soon Matryona's son Demushka was born, and now it was easier for her to endure the reproaches of her father-in-law and mother-in-law. But here she was again in trouble. The master's steward began to pester her, but she did not know where to escape from him. Only grandfather Savely helped Matryona cope with all the troubles, only he loved her in a new family.

Chapter 3

“With a huge gray mane, tea, not cut for twenty years, with a huge beard, grandfather looked like a bear”, “grandfather’s back is arched”, “he has already turned, according to fairy tales, a hundred years.” “Grandfather lived in a special room, he did not like families, he did not let him into his corner; and she was angry, barked, his own son honored him with “branded, convict”. When the father-in-law began to become very angry with Matryona, she and her son went to Savely and worked there, and Demushka played with his grandfather.

Once Savely told her the story of his life. He lived with other peasants in impenetrable swampy forests, where neither the landowner nor the police could reach. But one day the landowner ordered them to come to him and sent the police after them. The peasants had to obey. The landowner demanded dues from them, and when the peasants began to say that they had nothing, he ordered them to be whipped. Again the peasants had to obey, and they gave the landowner their money. Now every year the landowner came to collect dues from them. But then the landowner died, and his heir sent a German manager to the estate. At first, the German lived quietly, became friends with the peasants. Then he began to order them to work. The peasants did not even have time to come to their senses, as they cut a road from their village to the city. Now you can safely drive to them. The German brought his wife and children to the village and began to rob the peasants even worse than the former landowner had robbed. The peasants put up with him for eighteen years. During this time, the German managed to build a factory. Then he ordered to dig a well. He did not like the work, and he began to scold the peasants. And Savely and his comrades dug it in a hole dug for a well. For this he was sent to hard labor, where he spent twenty years. Then he returned home and built a house. The men asked Matrena Timofeevna to continue talking about their woman's life.

Chapter 4

Matrena Timofeevna took her son to work. But the mother-in-law said that she should leave him to grandfather Savely, since you can’t earn much with a child. And so she gave Demushka to her grandfather, and she herself went to work. When she returned home in the evening, it turned out that Savely had dozed off in the sun, did not notice the baby, and the pigs trampled him. Matryona "rolled around in a ball", "twisted like a worm, called, woke up Demushka - but it was too late to call." The gendarmes arrived and began to interrogate, “didn’t you kill the child by agreement with the peasant Savely?” Then the doctor came to open the corpse of the child. Matryona began to ask him not to do this, sent curses at everyone, and everyone decided that she had lost her mind.

At night, Matryona came to her son's coffin and saw Savely there. At first she shouted at him, blamed Dema for the death, but then the two of them began to pray.

Chapter 5

After Demushka's death, Matrena Timofeevna did not talk to anyone, Savelia could not see, she did not work. And Savely went to repentance in the Sand Monastery. Then Matrena, together with her husband, went to her parents and set to work. Soon she had more children. So four years passed. Matryona's parents died, and she went to cry at her son's grave. He sees that the grave has been tidied up, there is an icon on it, and Savely lies on the ground. They talked, Matrena forgave the old man, told him about her grief. Soon Savely died, and he was buried next to Dema.

Another four years have passed. Matryona resigned herself to her life, worked for the whole family, only she did not give her children an offense. A pilgrimage came to them in the village and began to teach how to live properly, in a divine way. She forbade breastfeeding on fasting days. But Matrena did not listen to her, she decided that it would be better for God to punish her than she would leave her children hungry. So grief came to her. When her son Fedot was eight years old, his father-in-law gave him to the shepherdess. Once the boy did not look after the sheep, and one of them was stolen by a she-wolf. For this, the village headman wanted to flog him. But Matryona threw herself at the feet of the landowner, and he decided instead of his son to punish his mother. Matryona was carved. In the evening she came to see how her son was sleeping. And the next morning, she didn’t show herself to her husband’s relatives, but went to the river, where she began to cry and call for the protection of her parents.

Chapter 6

Two new troubles came to the village: first, a lean year came, then recruitment. The mother-in-law began to scold Matryona for calling trouble, because on Christmas she put on a clean shirt. And then they also wanted to send her husband to recruits. Matryona did not know where to go. She herself did not eat, she gave everything to her husband's family, and they also scolded her, looked angrily at her children, since they were extra mouths. So Matryona had to "send children around the world" so that they asked for money from strangers. Finally, her husband was taken away, and the pregnant Matryona was left all alone.

Chapter 7

Her husband was recruited at the wrong time, but no one wanted to help him return home. Matryona, who had been carrying her child for the last few days, went to seek help from the governor. She left home at night without telling anyone. Arrived in the city in the early morning. The porter in the governor's palace told her to try to come in two hours, then the governor might receive her. On the square, Matrena saw a monument to Susanin, and he reminded her of Savely. When the carriage drove up to the palace and the governor's wife got out of it, Matryona threw herself at her feet with pleas for intercession. Here she felt unwell. The long road and fatigue affected her health, and she gave birth to a son. The governor helped her, baptized the baby herself and gave him a name. Then she helped save Matrena's husband from recruitment. Matryona brought her husband home, and his family bowed at her feet and obeyed her.

Chapter 8

Since then, they called Matryona Timofeevna the governor. She began to live as before, worked, raised children. One of her sons has already been recruited. Matryona Timofeevna told travelers: “It’s not a matter of looking for a happy woman among women”: “The keys to female happiness, from our free will, are abandoned, lost from God himself!”

Last

The travelers went to the banks of the Volga and saw how the peasants were working in the hayfield. “We haven’t worked for a long time, let’s mow!” - the wanderers asked the local women. After work, they sat down to rest on a haystack. Suddenly they see: three boats are floating along the river, in which music is playing, beautiful ladies, two mustachioed gentlemen, children and an old man are sitting. As soon as the peasants saw them, they immediately began to work even harder.

The old landowner went ashore, walked around the entire hayfield. "The peasants bowed low, the steward in front of the landowner, like a demon before matins, wriggled." And the landowner scolded them for their work, ordered them to dry the already harvested hay, which was already dry. The travelers were surprised why the old landowner behaved this way with the peasants, because they are now free people and are not under his rule. Old Vlas began to tell them.

“Our landowner is special, exorbitant wealth, an important rank, a noble family, all the time he was weird, fooled.” But serfdom was abolished, but he did not believe it, he decided that he was being deceived, he even scolded the governor about this, and by the evening he had a stroke. His sons were afraid that he might deprive them of their inheritance, and they agreed with the peasants to live as before, as if the landowner was still their master. Some peasants happily agreed to continue serving the landowner, but many could not agree. For example, Vlas, who was then a steward, did not know how he would have to carry out the "stupid orders" of the old man. Then another peasant asked to be made a steward, and "the old order went." And the peasants gathered together and laughed at the stupid orders of the master. For example, he ordered a seventy-year-old widow to be married to a six-year-old boy so that he would support her and build her a new house. He ordered the cows not to moo when they pass by the manor house, because they wake up the landowner.

But then there was the peasant Agap, who did not want to obey the master and even reproached other peasants for obedience. Once he was walking with a log, and the master met him. The landowner realized that the log was from his forest, and began to scold Agap for stealing. But the peasant could not stand it and began to laugh at the landowner. The old man had a stroke again, they thought that now he would die, but instead he issued a decree to punish Agap for disobedience. All day long, young landowners, their wives, the new steward and Vlas, went to Agap, persuaded Agap to pretend, and gave him wine to drink all night. The next morning they locked him in the stable and ordered him to scream as if he was being beaten, but in fact he was sitting and drinking vodka. The landowner believed, and he even felt sorry for the peasant. Only Agap, after so much vodka, died in the evening.

Wanderers went to look at the old landowner. And he sits surrounded by sons, daughters-in-law, courtyard peasants and has lunch. He began to ask whether the peasants would soon collect the master's hay. The new steward began to assure him that the hay would be harvested in two days, then he declared that the peasants would not get away from the master, that he was their father and god. The landowner liked this speech, but suddenly he heard that one of the peasants laughed in the crowd, and ordered that the culprit be found and punished. The steward went, and he himself thinks how he should be. He began to ask the wanderers that one of them would confess: they are strangers, the master could not do anything to them. But the travelers did not agree. Then the godfather of the steward, a cunning woman, fell at the feet of the master, began to lament, saying that it was her only silly son who laughed, and begged the master not to scold him. Barin took pity. Then he fell asleep and died in his sleep.

Feast - for the whole world

Introduction

The peasants arranged a holiday, to which the whole estate came, they wanted to celebrate their newfound freedom. The peasants sang songs.

I. Bitter time - bitter songs

Cheerful. The song says that the master took the cow from the peasant, the zemstvo court took away the chickens, the tsar took the sons into recruits, and the master took the daughters to himself. “It is glorious for the people to live in holy Rus'!”

Corvee. The poor peasant Kalinushka has wounds all over his back from beatings, he has nothing to wear, nothing to eat. Everything he earns has to be given to the master. The only joy in life is to come to a tavern and get drunk.

After this song, the peasants began to tell each other how hard it was to be in corvée. One recalled how their mistress Gertrud Alexandrovna ordered them to be beaten mercilessly. And the peasant Vikenty told the following parable.

About the exemplary lackey - Jacob the faithful. There lived a landowner in the world, very stingy, he even drove his daughter away when she got married. This master had a faithful servant Yakov, who loved him more than his own life, did everything to please the master. Yakov never asked his master for anything, but his nephew grew up and wanted to marry. Only the master also liked the bride, so he did not allow Yakov's nephew to marry, but gave him as a recruit. Yakov decided to take revenge on his master, only his revenge was as servile as life. The master's legs hurt, and he could not walk. Yakov took him to a dense forest and hanged himself in front of his eyes. The master spent the whole night in the ravine, and in the morning the hunters found him. He did not recover from what he saw: “You, sir, will be an exemplary slave, faithful Jacob, to remember until the day of judgment!”

II. Wanderers and pilgrims

There are different pilgrims in the world. Some of them only hide behind the name of God in order to profit at someone else's expense, since it is customary to receive pilgrims in any home and feed them. Therefore, they most often choose rich houses where you can eat well and steal something. But there are also real pilgrims who bring the word of God to a peasant's house. Such people go to the poorest house so that God's mercy descends on it. Ionushka, who led the story "About two great sinners", also belongs to such pilgrims.

About two great sinners. Ataman Kudeyar was a robber and killed and robbed many people in his life. But his conscience tormented him, so much so that he could neither eat nor sleep, but only remembered his victims. He disbanded the whole gang and went to pray at the tomb of the Lord. He wanders, prays, repents, but it does not get easier for him. The sinner returned to his homeland and began to live under a centuries-old oak tree. Once he hears a voice that tells him to cut down an oak tree with the very knife with which he used to kill people, then all his sins will be forgiven. For several years the old man worked, but could not cut down the oak tree. Once he met Pan Glukhovskoy, about whom they said that he was a cruel and evil person. When the pan asked what the elder was doing, the sinner said that he so wanted to atone for his sins. Pan began to laugh and said that his conscience did not torment him at all, although he had ruined many lives. “A miracle happened to the hermit: he felt furious anger, rushed to Pan Glukhovsky, plunged a knife into his heart! Just now, the bloodied pan fell headlong on the saddle, a huge tree collapsed, the echo shook the whole forest. So Kudeyar prayed for his sins.

III. Both old and new

“Great is the sin of the nobility,” the peasants began to say after Jon’s story. But the peasant Ignatius Prokhorov objected: "Great, but he shouldn't be against the sin of the peasant." And he told the following story.

Peasant sin. For courage and courage, the widower admiral received eight thousand souls from the empress. When the time came for the admiral to die, he called the headman to him and handed him a chest in which lay free for all the peasants. After his death, a distant relative came and, promising the headman golden mountains and freedom, begged him for that casket. So eight thousand peasants remained in the lord's bondage, and the headman committed the most serious sin: he betrayed his comrades. “So here it is, the sin of the peasant! Indeed, a terrible sin! the men decided. Then they sang the song "Hungry" and again started talking about the sin of the landowners and peasants. And now Grisha Dobrosklonov, the son of a deacon, said: “The snake will give birth to snakes, and the support is the sins of the landowner, the sin of Jacob the unfortunate, the sin of Gleb gave birth! There is no support - there is no landowner, bringing a zealous slave to a noose, there is no support - there is no courtyard, who takes revenge on his villain by suicide, there is no support - there will be no new Gleb in Rus'! Everyone liked the boy’s speech, they began to wish him wealth and a smart wife, but Grisha replied that he didn’t need wealth, but that “every peasant lived freely, cheerfully in all of holy Rus'.”

IV. good times good songs

In the morning the travelers fell asleep. Grisha and his brother took their father home, they sang songs along the way. When the brothers put their father to bed, Grisha went for a walk around the village. Grisha studies at the seminary, where he is poorly fed, so he is thin. But he doesn't think about himself at all. All his thoughts are occupied only by his native village and peasant happiness. "Fate prepared a glorious path for him, a loud name of the people's intercessor, consumption and Siberia." Grisha is happy because he can be an intercessor and take care of ordinary people, of his homeland. Seven men finally found a happy man, but they did not even guess about this happiness.

Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" was created over more than ten years. It so happened that the last, fourth, was the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World." In the finale, it acquires a certain completeness - it is known that the author failed to realize the plan in full. This was manifested in the fact that the author indirectly names himself in Rus'. This is Grisha, who decided to devote his life to serving the people and his native country.

Introduction

In the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" the action takes place on the banks of the Volga River, on the outskirts of the village of Vakhlachina. The most important events always took place here: both holidays and reprisals against the guilty. The great feast was organized by Klim, already familiar to the reader. Next to the Vakhlaks, among whom were the elder Vlas, the parish deacon Tryphon and his sons: the nineteen-year-old Savvushka and Grigory, with a thin, pale face and thin, curly hair, sat down and the seven main characters of the poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'." People who were waiting for the ferry also stopped here, beggars, among whom were a wanderer and a quiet praying mantis.

Local peasants gathered under the old willow not by chance. Nekrasov connects the chapter “A Feast for the Last World” with the plot of “Last Child”, which reports the death of the prince. The Vahlaks began to decide what to do with the meadows that they now hoped to get. Not often, but still it happened that blessed corners of the earth with meadows or woods fell to the peasants. Their owners felt independent of the headman who collected taxes. So the Vahlaks wanted to surrender the meadows to Vlas. Klim proclaimed that this would be more than enough to pay both taxes and dues, which means that you can feel free. This is the beginning of the chapter and its summary. “A feast for the whole world” Nekrasov continues with Vlas's response speech and his characterization.

Good soul man

That was the name of the headman of the Vakhlaks. He was distinguished by justice and tried to help the peasants, to protect them from the cruelties of the landowner. In his youth, Vlas kept hoping for the best, but any change brought only promises or trouble. From this, the headman became unbelieving and gloomy. And then all of a sudden the general merriment seized him. He could not believe that now, indeed, life would come without taxes, sticks and corvee. The author compares the kind smile of Vlas with a sunbeam that made everything around golden. And a new, previously unexplored feeling seized every man. To celebrate, they put another bucket, and the songs began. One of them, “funny”, was performed by Grisha - its summary will be given below.

"A Feast for the Whole World" includes several songs about the hard peasant life.

About the bitter lot

At the request of the audience, the seminarians remembered the folk song. It tells about how defenseless the people are in front of those on whom they depend. So the landowner stole the cow from the peasant, the judge took away the chickens. The fate of children is unenviable: the girls are waiting for the servants, and the boys - a long service. Against the background of these stories, the repeated refrain sounds bitterly: “It is glorious for the people to live in holy Rus'!”.

Then the Vakhlaks sang their own - about corvee. The same sad: the people's soul has not yet come up with merry ones.

"Corvee": a summary

“A Feast for the Whole World” tells about how the Vakhlaks and their neighbors live. The first story is about Kalinushka, whose back is "adorned" with scars - often and severely flogged - and her stomach is swollen from the chaff. Out of hopelessness, he goes to a tavern and drowns out his grief with wine - this will come back to haunt his wife on Saturday.

The story goes on about how the inhabitants of Vakhlachina suffered under the landowner. During the day they worked like hard labor, and at night they waited for the messengers sent for the girls. From shame, they stopped looking into each other's eyes and could not exchange a word.

A neighboring peasant reported how a landowner in their volost decided to flog everyone who would say a strong word. Namalyalis - after all, without him, the peasant does not. But having received freedom, they abused plenty ...

The chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" continues with a story about a new hero - Vikenty Alexandrovich. At first he served under the baron, then moved to the plowmen. He told his story.

About the faithful serf Jacob

Polivanov bought a village for bribes and lived there for 33 years. He became famous for his cruelty: having given his daughter in marriage, he immediately whipped the young and drove him away. He did not associate with other landowners, he was greedy, he drank a lot. Kholopa Yakov, who faithfully served him from an early age, would beat his teeth with his heel for nothing, and that gentleman in every possible way cherished and appeased. So both lived to old age. Polivanov's legs began to hurt, and no treatment helped. They had entertainment left: playing cards and visiting the landowner's sister. Yakov himself endured the master and took him to visit. For the time being, everything went peacefully. Yes, as soon as the servant's nephew Grisha grew up and wanted to get married. Hearing that the bride was Arisha, Polivanov became angry: he laid eyes on her himself. And he gave the groom to the recruits. Yakov was very offended and started to drink. And the master felt embarrassed without a faithful servant, whom he called his brother. This is the first part of the story and its summary.

“A Feast for the Whole World” Nekrasov continues with a story about how Jacob decided to avenge his nephew. After a while he returned to the master, repented and began to serve further. It just got gloomy. Somehow the master's serf took him to visit his sister. On the way, he suddenly turned to a ravine, where there was a forest slum, and stopped under pine trees. When he began to unharness his horses, the frightened landowner begged. But Yakov only laughed evilly and replied that he would not dirty his hands with murder. He fixed the reins on a tall pine tree and his head in a noose ... The master screams, rushes about, but no one hears him. And the serf hangs over his head, sways. Only the next morning did a hunter see Polivanov and take him home. The punished gentleman only lamented: “I am a sinner! Execute me!

Controversy about sinners

The narrator fell silent, and the men argued. Some felt sorry for Yakov, others for the master. And they began to decide who is the most sinful of all: tavern owners, landowners, peasants? The merchant Eremin called the robbers, which caused indignation in Klim. Their argument soon turned into a fight. The praying mantis Ionushka, who until then had been sitting quietly, decided to reconcile the merchant and the peasant. He told his story, which will continue the summary of the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World."

About wanderers and pilgrims

Ionushka began by saying that there are many homeless people in Rus'. Sometimes, entire villages are begging. Such people do not plow and do not reap, but the settled peasants are called the hump of the granary. Of course, among them come across the wicked, such as a wanderer-thief or pilgrims who approached the mistress by deceit. The old man is also known, who undertook to teach the girls to sing, but only spoiled them all. But more often wanderers are harmless people, like Fomushka, who lives like a god, is girded with chains and eats only bread.

Ionushka also told about Kropilnikov, who came to Usolovo, accused the villagers of godlessness and urged them to go into the forest. They asked the Stranger to submit, then they took him to prison, and he kept saying that grief and even more difficult life awaited everyone ahead. The frightened residents were baptized, and in the morning soldiers came to the neighboring village, from whom the Usolovets also got it. So the prophecy of Kropilnikov came true.

In "A Feast for the Whole World" Nekrasov also includes a description of a peasant's hut in which a passing wanderer stopped. The whole family is busy with work and listens to measured speech. At some point, the old man drops the bast shoes that he was repairing, and the girl does not notice that she pricked her finger. Even the children freeze and listen with their heads hanging from the bedspreads. So the Russian soul has not yet been explored, it is waiting for a sower who will show the right path.

About two sinners

And then Ionushka told about the robber and the pan. He heard this story in Solovki from Father Pitirim.

12 robbers led by Kudeyar were outraged. Many were robbed and killed. But somehow the conscience woke up in the ataman, he began to see the shadows of the dead. Then Kudeyar spotted the captain, beheaded his mistress, dismissed the gang, buried the knife under an oak tree, and distributed the stolen wealth. And he began to forgive sins. He traveled a lot and repented, and after returning home, he settled under an oak tree. God took pity on him and proclaimed: he will receive forgiveness as soon as he cuts down a mighty tree with his knife. For several years the hermit cut an oak three times wide. And somehow a rich pan drove up to him. Glukhovsky chuckled and said that one should live according to his principles. And he added that he respects only women, loves wine, ruined many slaves, and sleeps peacefully. Anger seized Kudeyar, and he plunged his knife into the chest of the pan. At the same moment, a mighty oak collapsed. Thus, the poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" shows how the former robber receives forgiveness after the punishment of evil.

About peasant sin

We listened to Ionushka and thought about it. And Ignatius again noted that the most serious sin is the peasant one. Klim was indignant, but then nevertheless said: "Tell me." Here is the story the men heard.

One admiral received eight thousand souls for his faithful service from the empress. And before his death, he handed over to the headman a casket, in which was his last wish: to release all the serfs into freedom. But a distant relative arrived, who, after the funeral, called the headman to him. Having learned about the casket, he promised Gleb freedom and gold. The greedy headman burned the will and doomed all eight thousand souls to eternal bondage.

Vahlaks made a noise: "It is indeed a great sin." And their whole past and future hard life appeared before them. Then they calmed down and suddenly started singing “Hungry” in unison. We offer its summary (“A Feast for the Whole World” by Nekrasov, it seems, fills with the centuries-old suffering of the people). A tortured peasant goes to a strip of rye and calls on her: “Rise, mother, eat a pile of carpet, I won’t give it to anyone.” As if in their guts, the Vakhlaks sang a song to the hungry and went to the bucket. And Grisha suddenly noticed that the cause of all sins is strength. Klim immediately exclaimed: “Down with the “Hungry”. And they began to talk about the support, praising Grisha.

"Soldier's"

It began to get light. Ignatius found a sleeping man near the logs and called Vlas. The rest of the men came up, and seeing the man lying on the ground, they began to beat him. To the question of the wanderers, for what, they answered: “We don’t know. But this is how it is punished from Tiskov. So it turns out - since the whole world is ordered, then there is guilt behind him. Here the hostesses brought out cheesecakes and goose, and everyone pounced on the food. The Vakhlaks were amused by the news that someone was coming.

Ovsyannikov, familiar to everyone, was on the cart - a soldier who earned money by playing on spoons. They asked him to sing. And again, a bitter story poured out about how the former warrior tried to achieve a well-deserved pension. However, all the wounds he received were measured in inches and rejected: second-rate. Klim sang along to the old man, and the people collected a ruble for a penny and a penny.

The end of the feast

Only in the morning the Vakhlaks began to disperse. They took home their father and Savvushka with Grisha. They walked and sang that the happiness of the people lies in freedom. Further, the author introduces a story about the life of Tryphon. He did not keep farms, they ate what others would share. The wife was caring, but died early. The sons studied at the seminary. This is its summary.

Nekrasov concludes "A Feast for the Whole World" with Grisha's song. Having brought the parent to the house, he went to the fields. He remembered in solitude the songs that his mother sang, especially "Salty". And not by accident. You could ask the Vakhlaks for bread, but you only bought salt. Forever sunk into the soul and study: the housekeeper underfed the seminarians, taking everything for himself. Knowing well the difficult peasant life, Grisha already at the age of fifteen decided to fight for the happiness of the miserable, but dear Vakhlachina. And now, under the influence of what he heard, he thought about the fate of the people, and his thoughts poured into songs about the imminent reprisal against the landowner, about the difficult fate of a barge hauler (he saw three loaded barges on the Volga), about wretched and plentiful, mighty and powerless Rus', the salvation of which he saw in the strength of the people. A spark ignites, and a great army rises, containing indestructible power.