And the dog" with the subtitle "story-truth" was written by him for the "ABC" presumably around 1875. This book was a collection that included the original texts for children to study various subjects - from zoology and geography to the Russian language.
Tolstoy himself made many demands on the works included in the book. He said:
Children are strict judges in literature. It is necessary that the stories be written for them both clearly, and entertainingly, and morally.
What a story?
A summary of "The Lion and the Dog" for the reader's diary could be as follows: this little story tells about the friendship of a big lion and a little dog. She, thrown to him to be devoured, was not only pitied by a large and, by all accounts, vicious predator, but also became a friend to her more devoted than the people who abandoned her.
And when the lion's little neighbor died, he himself soon fell ill and died, without letting anyone into his cage.
Main events
Here we will focus on a brief summary of Tolstoy's The Lion and the Dog.
In one London zoo, stray cats and dogs were taken as a fee for visiting, which were thrown into the cages of predators as food.
Once such a small dog was given to be eaten by a lion. But for some reason, he did not eat it, but took pity on it and even began to play with it and share food.
Once a gentleman who came to the zoo recognized his dog in his dog and wanted to take it away, but the lion roared and did not allow it.
So they lived together for a year. And then the dog got sick and died. But the lion did not believe it - at first he kept sniffing it and touching it with his paw, and then he began to jump around the cage, gnawing the bolts in despair.
They gave him another dog, expecting that he would forget the old one, but the lion tore it to pieces.
The summary of "The Lion and the Dog" ends in the same way as the story itself:
Then he hugged the dead dog with his paws and lay like that for five days.
On the sixth day the lion died.
Sense education
As always, after reading the works of Tolstoy, the reader may have a lot of questions, and for sure there will be a strange aftertaste from the simple, in general, stories he told.
After a brief summary of The Lion and the Dog, we present some of the reader's conclusions.
Why did the lion take pity on the dog? For her defenselessness? Hardly. If it was customary in that zoo to feed stray dogs and cats to large predators, then the animals are used to eating what they give. How many on the account of the lion were these balls and snow leopards, which he did not regret? Tolstoy says nothing about this.
And at the end of the story, did he tear apart the other dogs thrown into his cage, expressing his disagreement with the decision of cruel fate to deprive him of his little comrade?
Why did the friendly feelings of the lion arise so suddenly, why did his warmth manifest itself so selectively? Maybe the dog was something special?
Probably, the point is in her behavior: when she was thrown into a cage to a lion, she fell on her back - that is, in the most defenseless position for animals - and began to wag her tail, thereby showing complete humility and, at the same time, a friendly disposition towards the owner of the cage . Then she completely stood in front of him on her hind legs.
The reader's conclusion may be as follows: the dog was cunning, she guessed that behaving unbanally in a banal situation is the only chance to survive next to a predator. The lion was surprised. Never before had he come across such strange victims.
And then the dog had to get used to such a dangerous neighborhood, and the lion got used to taking care and made friends with her.
Here is another conclusion of the reader: friendship is selective. You have to be special to deserve it. But is a dog, if it is as stupid as it is weak, unworthy of sympathy and friendly participation?
And here is another conclusion: friendship was necessary not so much for a dog as for a lion. Even in conditions of captivity, he wants to be needed by someone.
But soon the owner came to the zoo for the dog - he wanted to pick it up. Perhaps she was attached to him, and then just got lost? But the lion wouldn't let her in. The little girlfriend became his property.
So. The poor thing had to adapt in order to survive. And the lion started a living toy and came up with the meaning of life. And both of them, of course, victims in the hands of cruel people. Here's the story about it. And for some reason it is believed that this story is about love and devotion. Were they here?
Tolstoy turned out such a not at all childish plot. Although, as in a traditional Russian folk tale, where animals are the characters, their actions are projected onto people here too.
We have given a summary of the story "The Lion and the Dog" and a few from the entire spectrum of reader's conclusions. You can find yours.
Dolganova Olga Pavlovna, primary school teacher.
Lesson topic: L.N. Tolstoy "The Lion and the Dog". True story.
Lesson objectives: Acquaintance with the work, disclosure of the main meaning.
Formation of reading skills, development of analytical abilities.
Education of love for animals, the ability to empathize and be faithful.
Equipment: Textbooks "Native speech" Grade 3, edited by L.F. Klimanova, exhibition of books by L.N. Tolstoy, presentation.
During the classes:
I.Org. moment.
Let's start the lesson of literary reading. ^ SLIDE #1.
II.Knowledge actualization.
Creativity of which writer we began to study?
Find a portrait of the writer among others. SLIDE #2
Name others. The works they wrote?
Name the works of Leo Tolstoy known to you.
^ III.Verification of D/Z.
1) - Read the proverbs from the board, correlate them with the stories studied:
The father is proud that he has a brave son. (Shark)
Who cares, but I'm not laughing. (Bounce)
2) - Briefly retell the story "Jump".
Retell the story on behalf of the boy.
Name and briefly retell other stories of the writer.
3) -Today we will continue our acquaintance with the work of the writer and now we will hear
Report on the life of Tolstoy. (abstract of Ershova Sveta)
4) -L.N. Tolstoy, in his name Yasnaya Polyana near Tula, opened a school for peasant children, he himself was the author of textbooks and stories for them. ^ SLIDE #3 (school opening)
He wrote short but very instructive stories. They included the so-called "Life Lessons for Children." Let's read them and think about which of the listed life lessons the story is talking about ... SLIDE No. 4, 5,6 Who knows who a gentleman is? (Jump, Fire, Philippok).
And what motto will we choose for our today's lesson? (From "Filippka")
IV.Fizminutka.
V. Studying a new topic.
1) - We will begin the study of a new topic by guessing riddles. ^ SLIDE #7 (riddles)
It is no coincidence that these riddles are about a lion and a dog, because the topic of our lesson is True. "Lion and dog" SLIDE number 8
2) -What do you think is true? (This is a narrated event that really happened in life, those are not a fictional story.)
This story took place far away in Russia. Perhaps it was told to Tolstoy by one of the sailors who were in the port of London.
Which one of you has been to the zoo? And what do they feed the predatory animals there?
So, before they were fed homeless animals.
3) - Let's open the textbook on page 160 and find out what happened.
4) - But first, let's read the difficult words from the screen SLIDE No. 9 (See-tre-nye)
^ 5) -Let's repeat, who is BARIN? (a rich man who has servants)
6) Reading to yourself.
7) Reading along the chain. We carefully read the text, and then share our impressions.
8) Primary perception:
Did you like the story?
What is he?
What feelings did he evoke in you?
Who was sorry?
^ vi. Fizminutka for the eyes SLIDE No. 10
VII. Text analysis.
Read how the story begins.
Why does Lev Nikolayevich begin his story in this way? (So that this never happens. He wants to teach us to love animals. In the story, people are ruthless, and the lion and the dog are kind.)
1) Work in pairs:
So the lion and the dog met. Find how the meeting is going on, this is the 3rd red line, 3rd paragraph. With a pencil, underline the words-actions of the dog and the lion. Name the words, i.e. the behavior of both at the meeting ^. SLIDE №11
2) Questions from the slide: SLIDE No. 12
Why didn't the lion immediately eat the dog like the others? (She was playful, affectionate, waving her tail, as if asking not to eat her.)
What connected the two animals? (Friendship, mutual understanding)
What was friendship? (the lion shared meat, slept together)
How did the king of beasts react to the owner's attempt to return the dog? (bristled and growled)
How long did they live together?
What happened to the dog then?
How did the lion react to the dog's death? Read out.
Why didn't the lion accept another dog?
How did the death of a friend affect the lion? (Dies, could not bear the loss of a friend)
^ 8VIII Conclusion on the story:
What did Tolstoy want to express with this short work? Let's make a conclusion.
Tolstoy portrayed the lion as a man, showed how he experiences grief and loss. Devotion to the feeling of love for a friend is shown here^. SLIDE #13
What life lesson can we learn from the story? SLIDE #14
IX. Illustration work.
How is the lion drawn?
What can be added to the portrait of the "King of Beasts"? (he can be sensitive, kind, devoted)
X. Words of another great writer about love SLIDE №15.
What will happen to us if goodness, beauty, love - universal values disappear? (We will turn into evil, callous, ruthless)
XI Modeling the cover. SLIDE #16
You are artists, what will be the cover of your book?
Exhibition display.
XII.D/Z SLIDE №17
In London, they showed wild animals and took money or dogs and cats for food for wild animals.
One man wanted to look at the animals: he grabbed a dog in the street and brought it to the menagerie. They let him watch, but they took the little dog and threw it into a cage to be eaten by a lion.
The dog tucked its tail between its legs and snuggled into the corner of the cage. The lion walked up to her and sniffed her.
The dog lay on its back, raised its paws and began to wag its tail.
The lion touched her with his paw and turned her over.
The dog jumped up and stood in front of the lion on its hind legs.
The lion looked at the dog, turned its head from side to side and did not touch it.
When the owner threw meat to the lion, the lion tore off a piece and left it for the dog.
In the evening, when the lion went to bed, the dog lay down beside him and laid her head on his paw.
Since then, the dog lived in the same cage with the lion, the lion did not touch her, ate food, slept with her, and sometimes played with her.
Once the master came to the menagerie and recognized his little dog; he said that the dog was his own, and asked the owner of the menagerie to give it to him. The owner wanted to give it back, but as soon as they began to call the dog to take it out of the cage, the lion bristled and growled.
So the lion and the dog lived for a whole year in one cage.
A year later, the dog fell ill and died. The lion stopped eating, but kept sniffing, licking the dog and touching it with his paw.
When he realized that she was dead, he suddenly jumped up, bristled, began to whip his tail on the sides, threw himself on the wall of the cage and began to gnaw the bolts and the floor.
All day he fought, tossed about in the cage and roared, then lay down beside the dead dog and fell silent. The owner wanted to carry away the dead dog, but the lion would not let anyone near it.
The owner thought that the lion would forget his grief if he was given another dog, and let a live dog into his cage; but the lion immediately tore her to pieces. Then he hugged the dead dog with his paws and lay like that for five days.
On the sixth day the lion died.
Read the aphorism written on the board.
“THE GOOD THAT YOU DO FROM THE HEART, YOU ALWAYS DO TO YOURSELF” L.N. Tolstoy
How do you understand these words? (Your heart demands it. If the good is sincere, then you yourself will receive satisfaction from it).
Everything we do always comes back to us like a boomerang. Good deeds are good. Remember this!
Repetition of knowledge gained in the previous lesson.
What do you already know about this writer?
Lev Nikolaevich was a very kind, generous person and knew how to feel other people's troubles and suffering. And he retained these qualities in himself until the end of his life.
With what work L.N. Tolstoy we met at the previous lesson? ("Bounce")
Checking homework
And how carefully we studied the work, now we will check. You have tests on your desks. You have to read the question carefully and circle the correct answers.
Test. Choose the correct answer.
1. Why did the father have a gun in his hands?
a) was going to watch the sea
b) was going to feed the monkey.
c) was going to hunt
2. What did the captain do?
a) jumped overboard
b) fired into the air
c) shot the boy
d) shot the monkey
3. What did the captain shout?
a) "Help!"
b) “Jump into the water now! I'll shoot!"
c) Stay where you are!
d) Back!
4. What did the boy do?
a) grabbed the rope
b) grabbed the edge of the sail
c) jumped into the water
d) hanging on the bar
5. What did the sailors do?
a) climbed the mast
b) stretched a canvas under the mast
c) jump into the water
d) also began to shoot
6. How was the boy saved?
a) pulled out of the water and pumped out
b) caught on a stretched canvas
c) removed from the mast
7. What did the captain do after that?
a) ran to his cabin and cried
b) fell on deck, cried
c) carried the boy to the cabin.
8. Is the theme of the work?
a) overcoming fear
b) the desire to catch a monkey
c) father's courage
Raise your hands if you passed/failed the test.
What is the reason for the errors?
trial action.
Now, I propose to work in pairs. Rules for working in pairs (review).
Consult and draw a CAGE on the sheet.
Discuss in pairs what you drew (discuss);
If you see a similar option, you do not need to raise your hand.
(each pair offers their own answers, exposes non-repeating drawings)
- Drawings appear on the board:
cage for birds or animals.
chess cage.
plaid material.
cell (notebook)
The teacher supplements with his drawings:
staircase.
rib cage.
cell of a living organism.
What can you say about the word CELL? What is it? (multiple meanings)
- What do you think, when a cell has a positive and when a negative value?
The opinions of the children were divided.
Positive characteristics
An organism could not exist without a cell.
Keep evil animals (predators) so that they do not bite
transport cats
Not to fall on the stairs
Checkered tablecloth is prettier
Couldn't play checkers/chess without a cage
The chest protects the internal organs (teacher's addition), etc.
Negative characteristics
Poachers catch animals in cages
It's cruel to keep animals in cages
The bird learns to fly in a cage
The cell separates from its own home
Animals are better off in the wild than in a cage, etc.
The cage was invented by man. It can become both a decoration and a means of protection, including from wild animals.
Class: 3
- Goals:
- provide conditions for:
- children's discoveries of truth: are we able to empathize based on the perception of works of literature and music;
- children's mastering the techniques of artistic analysis of the story (identifying key words to understand the essence of the work).
A sensitive heart will reveal secrets
Equipment:
- portrait of L.N. Tolstoy, envelopes with circles of black, dark blue, pink, yellow, red colors on the desks, a tape recording of E. Grieg's play “The Death of Oze”.
During the classes
I. Organization of the artistic perception of the work
Each person experiences different feelings during his life: joy, sadness, sadness.
Reflecting on this, I often imagine how a star falls from the sky, how the rain beats, how the bright sun shines, how cranes fly away in autumn.
The person felt joy and sadness and told other people about it.
Sit comfortably. Tune your hearts and try to feel the person you have never seen, never heard of, but who sent you a sound letter.
The music of E. Grieg “Death to Oze” sounds.
(Children's answers.)
Edvard Grieg showed the scene of the death of an elderly woman who was abandoned by her own son. She dies alone from hunger and cold.
- Show me what color sadness is? (Black.)
- You are very smart. It helped me understand how you felt about this piece.
- When is it harder for you: when you scream and cry, or when a lump rolls up in your throat and you want to cry, but you can’t or can’t cry?
The teacher hangs a portrait of L.N. Tolstoy.
We already know a lot about this writer. Let's take a look at his eyes. They say that the eyes are the mirror of the soul. What are they? (kind, considerate, wise)
How does he treat people?
Our assistant will be the epigraph "To a sensitive heart secrets will be revealed." Read it to yourself.
- What do these words help to understand?
(Only a person with a sensitive heart can empathize, rejoice, be sad, mourn)
II. Reading a work of art
Listen to the story "The Lion and the Dog".
The teacher reads the story.
- Listen to yourself. What did you feel while listening to this story?
What feeling did this story evoke? (Sorrow, sadness, anxiety.)
What episode did you find the most intense?
What words helped define it?
Let's reread the story and highlight the important words with a pencil.
III. Organization of artistic text analysis
1) Reading the first part (beginning)
What feelings did this person's action evoke?
Underline the words that characterize this person?
Children's responses are heard.
Underline the words that reveal the behavior of the dog.
What does she feel at this moment? (Alarm, she is small, defenseless.)
On the board is the word "anxiety".
2) Reading the second part
- What animal is this? (Predator, king of beasts.)
How is the lion doing? Read.
– What is this feeling? (Care.)
On the board is the word “care”.
3) Reading the third part
How does the dog feel? (In the evening... and laid down her head.)
– How can you say in one word when someone relies on a friend? (Confidence.)
On the board is the word “trust”.
- Find words showing that the feelings of a lion and a dog have grown into friendship.
4) Reading the fourth part
- What feelings does the lion experience after the death of the dog? (Yearning.)
On the board is the word "longing".
What does a lion not understand?
Read to the end. Highlight the words that show how the lion behaves when the dog has died.
Even animals have deep, strong feelings, but they manifest themselves in different ways. The lion is a predator. He tears apart another dog in a rage.
Read the last two sentences.
What did you feel while reading these lines? (The lion was a devoted friend, so, shocked by the death of the dog, he survived it for several days.)
Could a person with a cold heart write this story? (Leo Tolstoy has a sensitive heart.)
Let's look at the epigraph again. How do you understand its meaning? (A sensitive heart is responsive, noble, quivering. A cold heart is icy, sleeping.)
Now touch your heart. Do you hear him? Can you always notice the pain, joy, sadness of other people?
I am pleased that in our class there are guys with sensitive hearts!
IV. Organization of artistic performance
Read this story to each other with feeling, highlighting key words with your voice in order to think again about the work you read.
- Which episode made the strongest impression on you, read it.
- What will the text lose if the description of friendship between a lion and a dog is removed from it?
Conclusion: everything is important in a work.
V. Organization of artistic creation
I often think: writers write works with sad endings, directors make sad films, artists create sad pictures, and composers make sad music. For what? (The more this work stirs up feelings, the more someone else's pain hurts, the better the work, since it makes us suffer in the name of happiness in life.)
Sadness is not eternal. Time cures. There is sadness and joy in life.
VI. Lesson summary
What color is joy? Show.
How would you like the story to end?
- Who managed to understand something new about themselves?
Thank you for being very sensitive and able to understand the deep meaning of this story.
