His memory is celebrated in the month of November on the 23rd day and in the month of August on the 30th day.
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Then Jesus said to him, Return your sword to its place, for all who take the sword will perish by the sword. (Matt. 26:52)
By the will of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, I, insignificant and sinful, knowing little, try to describe the life of the holy prince Alexander, son of Yaroslav, grandson of Vsevolod. Since I heard from my fathers and myself was a member of the household and an eyewitness to his life, I was glad to tell about his holy and noble and glorious life. But as the tributary says:<В лукавую душу не войдет премудрость: становится она на высоких местах, стоит же посреди дорог, у ворот могущественных мужей садится>. Although I am simple in mind, but with the prayer of the Holy Mother of God and the help of the holy Prince Alexander, I will lay the foundation.
This prince Alexander, by the will of God, was born from a merciful and philanthropic father, and moreover, from the meek prince the great Yaroslav, and from his mother Theodosius. As the prophet Isaiah says:<Так говорит Господь: я ставлю князей, ибо они священны, и я руковожу ими>. Truly so: without God's command there would be no reigning. But he was also taller than other people, and his voice was like a trumpet among the people, while his face was like the face of Joseph, whom the Egyptian king made the second man after himself in Egypt. His strength was part of Samson's strength. And God gave him the wisdom of Solomon, and his courage - like that of the Roman king Vespasian, who captivated the whole land of Judea. Once, during the siege of the city of Joatapata, the townspeople went out and defeated his army, and Vespasian remained alone, and drove their army to the city, to the city gates, and laughed at his squad, and reproached her, saying:<Оставили меня одного>. Also, this prince Alexander, winning, was himself invincible. For the sake of Prince Alexander, someone noble came from the Western country, from those who call themselves<слуги Божии>, wanting to see him in his prime, just as in ancient times the Queen of Uzh came to Solomon, wanting to hear enough of his wise speeches. So this one, named Andreyash, seeing Prince Alexander, returned to his own and said:<Прошел я много стран и видел многие народы, но не встретил ни такого царя среди царей, ни князя среди князей>.
Having heard about such courage of Prince Alexander, the king of the Roman faith from the Midnight country thought:<Пойду и завоюю землю Александрову>. And he gathered a great army, and filled many ships with his regiments, and rushed in great power, seething with the spirit of war. And he came to the Neva, drawn by madness, and sent his ambassadors, proudly, to Novgorod, to Prince Alexander, saying:<Если можешь, то сопротивляйся мне - я уже здесь и беру в плен землю твою>.
Alexander, having heard these words, was inflamed with heart, and entered the church of St. Sophia, and, falling on his knees in front of the altar, began to pray with tears:<Боже славный, праведный, Боже великий, крепкий, Боже превечный, сотворивый небо и землю и поставивый пределы народам, ты повелел жить, не вступая в чужие пределы!>And, remembering the psalm song, he said:<Суди, Господи, обидящим меня и побори борющихся со мной, возьми оружие и щит, восстань на помощь мне>. (Ps. 5, 34. 1-2) And, having finished the prayer, he got up and bowed to the archbishop. Archbishop Spyridon blessed him and released him. He, leaving the church, wiped away his tears, began to encourage his squad, saying:<Не в силе Бог, а в правде. Помянем Песнотворца, который сказал: <Иные - с оружием, а иные - на конях, а мы имя Господа Бога нашего призовем, они поколебались и пали, мы же восстали и стоим прямо>. (Ps. 3, 19. 8-9) And, having said this, he went to them with a small squad, not waiting for many of his troops, but trusting in the Holy Trinity.
It was sad to hear that his noble father Yaroslav the Great did not know about the attack on his son, dear Alexander: Alexander did not have time to send a message to his father, for the enemies were already approaching. Therefore, many Novgorodians did not have time to join him: the prince was in such a hurry to speak.
And he went to them on the day of the resurrection, July 15, on the day of remembrance of the six hundred and thirty holy fathers of the former cathedral in Chalcedon and the holy martyrs Kirik and Julitta, having great faith in the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb.
And there was a certain man, an elder of the land of Izhora, named Pelgui. The Marines were entrusted to him. He accepted holy baptism and lived among his kind, which remained in paganism. The name was given to him in holy baptism Philip. And he lived pleasingly, observing fasting on Wednesday and Friday. Therefore, God honored him to see an extraordinary vision that day. Let's talk about this briefly.
Having reconnoitered the strength of the troops, he went to meet Prince Alexander in order to tell the prince about their camps and fortifications. When Pelgui stood on the seashore and guarded both ways, he did not sleep all night. And when the sun began to rise, he heard a terrible noise on the sea and saw a boat sailing on the sea, and in the middle of the boat - the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb, standing in scarlet clothes and holding their hands on each other's shoulders. And the rowers sat as if shrouded in a cloud. And Boris said:<Брат Глеб, вели грести, да поможем сроднику своему Александру>. Seeing such a vision and hearing the words of the martyr, Pelgui stood, shocked, until the boat disappeared from his eyes.
Shortly thereafter, Prince Alexander arrived. Pelgui looked joyfully at Prince Alexander and told him alone about the vision. The prince said to him:<Об этом не рассказывай никому>.
After that he decided to attack them at the sixth hour of the day. And there was a great slaughter with the Latins, and he killed their innumerable multitude, and he sealed the king himself with his sharp spear.
Here, in the Alexandrov regiment, six brave men distinguished themselves, who fought hard with him.
One is named Gavrilo Oleksich. This one attacked the ship and, seeing the prince, who was being dragged under the arms, rode along the bridges, along which they ascended, to the very ship. And everyone ran in front of him to the ship, then turned around and threw him off the bridge with his horse into the Neva. He, with God's help, got out of there unharmed, and again attacked them, and fought hard with the governor himself, surrounded by soldiers.
Another, a Novgorodian named Sbyslav Yakunovich, attacked their army more than once and fought with one ax, having no fear in his heart. And many fell at his hand and marveled at his strength and courage.
The third - Jacob, a Polochan, was a hunter with the prince. This one attacked the enemies with a sword and fought courageously, and the prince praised him.
The fourth is a Novgorodian named Misha. This footman with his retinue attacked the ships and sank three ships of the Latins.
The fifth is from the younger squad, named Savva. This one attacked a large, golden-domed tent and cut down a tent post. The soldiers of Alexandrov, seeing the fall of the tent, rejoiced.
The sixth is from his servants, named Ratmir. This one fought on foot, and many enemies surrounded him. He fell from many wounds and died.
I heard about all this from my master Alexander and from others who at that time participated in that battle.
It was at that time a wonderful miracle, as in ancient times under Hezekiah the king, when Senacherib, the king of Assyria, came to Jerusalem, trying to capture the holy city, and suddenly the Angel of the Lord appeared and killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. And when morning came, they found their corpses. It was the same after the victory of Alexander, when he defeated the king: on the other side of the Izhora River, where Alexander's regiments could not pass, they found many enemies killed by the Angel of God. The rest fled, and the corpses of their dead were thrown into ships and sunk in the sea. Prince Alexander returned with victory, praising and glorifying the name of his Creator.
The next year, after the return of Prince Alexander, the same people again came from the Western country with a victory and built a city on the land of Alexandrov. Prince Alexander immediately went out and dug down their city to the ground, and hanged some of them themselves, and led others with him, and having mercy on others, he let go, for he was merciful beyond measure.
In the third year after Alexander's victory over the king in winter, Alexander went to the German land with a large army, so that they would not boast, saying:<Подчиним себе словенский народ>.
After all, they have already taken the city of Pskov and imprisoned their tiuns. Prince Alexander seized Tiunov, freed the city of Pskov from captivity. And he destroyed their land and burned it, and took captives without number, and chopped others. Other German cities entered into an alliance and decided:<Пойдем и победим Александра и возьмем его руками>.
When the enemies approached, Alexander's sentinels learned about it. Prince Alexander, however, built regiments and went to meet them, and Lake Peipus was covered with a multitude of soldiers from both sides. His father Yaroslav sent his younger brother Andrei with a large squad to help him. Prince Alexander had as many brave men as in ancient times King David had strong and strong warriors. So the men of Alexandrov were filled with the spirit of war, for their hearts were like those of lions, and they said:<О княже наш славный! Ныне настало нам время положить свои головы за тебя>. Prince Alexander, raising his hands to the sky, exclaimed:<Суди меня, Боже, и рассуди распрю мою с народом велеречивым и помоги мне, Боже, как ты помог в древние времена Моисею победить Амалика и прадеду моему Ярославу победить окаянного Святополка>.
It was Saturday then. When the sun rose, the two armies met. And there was an angry slaughter, and there was such a crack from breaking spears and a ringing from swords, as if the frozen lake had moved, and no ice was visible, for it was covered with blood.
And I heard this from an eyewitness who told me that he saw the army of God in the air that came to the aid of Alexander. And so he defeated them with the help of God, and the enemies turned to flight, and the soldiers of Alexandrov drove and flogged them, as if they were rushing through the air; and there was nowhere for them to run. Here, God glorified Alexander in front of all the regiments, as Joshua Navvin at Jericho. And the one who said:<Поймаем Александра руками>, - God gave him into his hands. And there was no one who could resist him in battle.
And Prince Alexander returned with a glorious victory. And many many captives went in his army, they led barefoot near the horses those who called themselves<Божии рыцари>.
And when the prince approached the city of Pskov, the abbots and priests in robes with crosses and all the people met him in front of the city, giving praise to God and glory to Mr. Prince Alexander, singing the song:<Помог ты, Господи, кроткому Давиду победить иноплеменников и верному князю нашему силою креста освободить город Псков от иноязычных рукою Александровою>.
O foolish people of Pskov! If you forget about this even before the great-grandchildren of Alexander, then you will be like those Jews whom the Lord fed in the desert with manna and fried quails and who forgot about all this, just as they forgot God, who freed them from Egyptian captivity.
And his name was glorified in all countries and to the sea of Egypt, and to the mountains of Ararat, and on both sides of the Varangian sea, and to great Rome.
At the same time, the Lithuanian people multiplied, and the Alexandrov volosts began to be devastated. He, having ridden on them, began to beat them. Once he happened to go out to the enemy, and he beat seven regiments of soldiers in one trip, beat many princes of them, and captured others, while his servants, mockingly, tied the Lithuanians to the tails of their horses. And they began to fear his name ever since.
At the same time, there was a certain strong king in the Eastern country, to whom God subdued many nations from the east to the west. That king, having heard that Alexander was so glorious and brave, sent ambassadors to him and ordered him to say:<Александр, разве ты не знаешь, что Бог покорил мне многие народы? Ты один не хочешь покориться силе моей! Но если хочешь уберечь землю свою, то немедля приходи ко мне, чтобы увидеть славу царства моего>.
Prince Alexander decided to go to the tsar in the Horde, and Bishop Kirill blessed him. 53<Советую тебе: покориться:. Татары тело Руси терзают, но душу, веру Православную не трогают. Бойся, князь, еретиков, душу убивающих. Попадешь под власть латинян - ни Руси, ни веры нашей не останется>.
And, seeing him, Tsar Batu marveled and said to his nobles:<Правду мне говорили, что нет князя, подобного ему>. Having rendered worthy honors to him, he let him go.
Then Tsar Batu was angry with his younger brother, Andrei, and sent his governor Nevrui to devastate the land of Suzdal. After the Nevruev invasion, the great prince Alexander restored the churches, rebuilt the cities, gathered the people who fled into their houses. Isaiah the prophet speaks of such:<Князь хороший в странах - тих, приветлив, кроток, смирен и тем Богу подобен>, does not seek wealth and does not shy away from a righteous life, judges orphans and widows in truth, loves mercy, and not gold, is kind to his household and hospitable to those who come from other countries. God endows such with his graces during life, for God wants well-being not for angels, but for people whom he so generously rewards, teaches and shows his mercy in the world.
And God endowed his land with wealth and glory, and God extended his summer.
Once messengers came to him from the pope from great Rome, saying:<Папа наш так сказал: <Слышал я, что ты князь достойный и славный и что земля твоя велика. Того ради прислал я к тебе от двенадцати кардиналов двух умнейших - Галда и Гемонта, чтобы ты послушал учение их о законе Божием>.
Prince Alexander, after consulting with his wise men, wrote to him, thus saying:<От Адама до потопа, от потопа до разделения народов, от смешения народов до Авраама, от Авраама до прохода Израиля сквозь Красное море, от исхода сынов Израилевых до смерти Давида царя, от начала царствования Соломона до Августа царя, от власти Августа и до Христова Рождества, от Рождества Христова до страдания и Воскресения Господня, от Воскресения же Его и до восшествия на небеса, от восшествия на небеса до царствования Константинова, от начала царствования Константинова до первого Собора, от первого Собора до седьмого - обо всем этом хорошо знаем, а от вас учения не приемлем>. Opening the Gospel of Mark, chapter 8, verse 36, he read:<Ибо какая польза человеку, если он приобретет весь мир, но душе своей повредит?>The Orthodox faith is the most precious thing we have. Having preserved it, we will not be lost under the Tatars. If we reject it, then Rus' will not be saved from the wrath of God and all the armies of the world. Our faith is right, we don’t want to know another>. They also returned home.
And the days of his life multiplied in great glory, since Prince Alexander loved the priests, and the monks, and the poor; the metropolitan and the bishops honored and obeyed them, as Christ himself.
There was then great violence from foreigners: they drove Christians, ordering them to go on campaigns. The great prince Alexander went to the king to pray for people from that misfortune.
And he sent his son Demetrius to the Western countries, and sent all his regiments with him, and his neighbors of the household, saying to them:<Служите сыну моему, как мне самому, всей жизнью своей!>Prince Dimitri went with a large army and captured the German land, and took the city of Yuryev, and returned to Novgorod with many captives and with great booty.
His father, Grand Duke Alexander, returning from foreigners, stopped in Nizhny Novgorod, and here he was not healthy for long, and when he reached Gorodets, he fell ill.
Oh, woe to you, poor man! How can you describe the death of your master! How will your apples not fall out along with tears! How will your heart not burst from weeping! A man can leave his father, but it is impossible to leave a good master, if he could, and he would lie down with him in the coffin! The Grand Duke Alexander, jealous of the Lord, left the earthly kingdom and became a monk, for it was his greatest desire to take on an angelic image. God also vouchsafed him to accept the highest rank - the schema. And so, betraying his spirit to the Lord, he died in peace on the 14th day of November, on the day of the memory of the holy Apostle Philip.
Metropolitan Kirill said:<Дети мои, знайте, что уже зашло солнце земли Суздальской! Уже не найдется ни один подобный ему князь в земле Суздальской!>Priests and deacons, Chernorizians, poor and rich, and all the people said:<Уже погибаем!>
His holy body was carried to the city of Vladimir. The metropolitan with the rank of the church, together with the princes and boyars, and all the people, young and old, met the body in Bogolyubovo with candles and censers. The people crowded, wanting to touch the honest bed on which his holy body lay. There was a cry, and a cry, and a groan such as had never happened before - so that the earth trembled.
His body was laid in the Church of the Nativity of the Holy Mother of God, in the Great Archimandrite, in the month of November on the 23rd day, on the day of memory of the holy father Amphilochius.
It was then a marvelous miracle, worthy of memory. When his holy body was placed in the coffin, Sebastian the Economist and Kirill the Metropolitan wanted to open his hand in order to put a spiritual letter into it. He himself, as if alive, stretched out his hand and took the letter from the hands of the Metropolitan. And horror seized them, and they scarcely departed from his tomb.
Everyone heard about this from Mr. Metropolitan and from his steward Sevastyan.
Who would not be surprised if he was dead, and the body was brought from afar in the winter! And so God glorified His saint. And the Novgorod chronicler accompanied the message about the death of Alexander Nevsky with his following prayer:<Дай ему, Господи милостивый, видеть лице Твое в будущий век, - ибо потрудился он за Новгород и за всю Русьскую землю>.
Glory to our God, who glorified his saints forever and ever. Amen.
Troparion, tone 4
As if you were a pious root, the most honorable branch be blessed Alexandra: Christ reveal you, as some kind of Divine treasure of the Russian land, a new miracle worker, glorious and God-pleasing. And today, descending in your memory with faith and love, rejoicing in psalms and singing, we glorify the Lord, who gave you the grace of healing. Pray him to save this city, and God-pleasing to the Power of Russia, and be saved by the Russian sons.
Kontakion, tone 8
We honor thee as a bright star, I will shine from the east, and I will come to the west. You enrich this whole country with kindness and enlighten those who honor your memory with faith, blessed Alexandra. For this reason, today we are celebrating your dormition, your people: pray to save your Fatherland, and all those who flow to the race of your relics and cry out to you with faith: rejoice in our city of affirmation.
Another troparion, tone 4
(Transfer of relics)
Recognize your brethren Russian Joseph, not in Egypt, but reigning in Heaven, faithful to Prince Alexander, and accept their prayers, multiplying the life of people by the fruitfulness of your land, protecting the cities of your dominion with prayer and an Orthodox Christian against resisting.
Y. ZAKREVSKY, film director and book lover.
Portrait of A. S. Pushkin (watercolor 20.5x17 cm). 1831. The artist is unknown.
Book publisher and bibliophile Alexander Fedorovich Smirdin. Portrait of the middle of the XIX century.
V. Gau. Portrait of Natalia Nikolaevna Pushkina. 1842
The title page of the anthology "Housewarming" with the image of Smirdin's Shop, located on Nevsky Prospekt next to the Lutheran Church.
A. P. Bryullov. "Dinner on the occasion of the opening of a new bookstore Smirdin." 1832-1833 years.
A. P. Sapozhnikov "In the bookstore of A. F. Smirdin".
On a watercolor by N. G. Chernetsov - St. Petersburg, Academy of Arts. 1826
Title page of the first issue of the journal "Library for Reading".
About dear companions who are our light
They gave life to their companions,
Do not speak with sadness: they are not!
But with gratitude: would be.
V. Zhukovsky
St. Petersburg, Moika Embankment, house 12. January 1837. On the second floor lies the seriously wounded Alexander Pushkin. Doctors at the bedside - Spassky and Dal, friends - Vyazemsky, Danzas, Zhukovsky, Arendt, Zagryazhskaya. In the next room, his wife and children - Pushkin did not want to disturb them. The staircase and the hallway are full of people, people of all conditions.
The dying man is tormented by pain, and even more so by death longing. A few minutes before his death, he tried to get up. “I dreamed that I was climbing up these books and shelves with you!” Zhukovsky recalls the words of the poet. It may very well be that Pushkin also said goodbye to his book friends. I didn’t finish writing, I didn’t finish reading, I didn’t return the books to the library ... On each one there is a sticker: “From the library of A. Smirdin. Those who wish to use it are favored to subscribe and pay: for a whole year - 30 rubles, and with magazines in addition - 20 rubles. ". Pushkin was her regular, although he laughed at the owner:
No matter how you come to Smirdin,
You won't buy anything
Il Senkovsky you will find,
Or you will step on Bulgarin.
Alexander Filippovich Smirdin idolized the poet, and he laughed it off:
Smirdin got me into trouble,
The merchant has seven Fridays in the week,
His Thursday is actually
There is "after the rain on Thursday."
What did this "merchant" annoy Pushkin with? Paid for poetry a little later than the deadline? So after all, the poet was more than once in his debt.
Who is A.F. Smirdin?
He is a little older than Pushkin (born in 1795), but his childhood also took place in Moscow. He did not belong to the nobility, from the age of fifteen he served in a bookstore. The product was colorful: from "The Story of Vanka Cain" and "The Tale of the English Milord" to the magazines "Drone", "Hell's Mail", "Northern Bee", "Useful and Pleasant", "And this and that" ... The future writer Stendhal , finding himself together with the Napoleonic army in Moscow, was amazed by the abundance of books. And Sasha Smirdin, along with his friends, had to save them from fires. I wanted to join the militia - they didn’t take it, and the enemy had already “got away”. In the late autumn of 1812 he went to St. Petersburg. I had never been there before, but I knew a lot about Northern Palmyra - from books and magazines.
Vasily Alekseevich Plavilshchikov (1768-1823) was then known as a venerable Petersburg bookseller and publisher. Together with his brother, he rented the Theater Printing House from the beginning of the 19th century, expanded trade, and created a library at the store. The lyceum student Pushkin also visited them, in one of the first poems he wrote:
Virgil, Tass with Homer,
All are coming together.
Here Ozerov with Racine,
Rousseau and Karamzin,
With Molière the Giant
Fonvizin and Knyazhnin.
You are here, lazy, careless,
The pure sage
Vanyusha Lafontaine.
Of course, Sasha Smirdin dreamed of working for Plavilshchikov. And he took him on the recommendation of the bookseller P. Ilyin, as a knowledgeable scribe, as a clerk, and then made him the manager of the store.
“From his face he was a man constantly serious, concentrated, extremely attached to his work and industrious to the point of being ridiculous,” one of his contemporaries wrote about Smirdin. Almost all writers, historians, and artists visited the store and the library. They were attracted not only by books, but also by an honest, courteous clerk striving for enlightenment. Krylov and Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Batyushkov, Fyodor Glinka and Karl Bryullov later became his friends. And Melters, bequeathing his trade to the clerk, sold him the library for a small sum. True, he left behind considerable debts: Smirdin had to pay about three million rubles in banknotes in order to keep the bookstore near the Blue Bridge.
It was 1823. Over Russia, "from the cold Finnish waters to the fiery Colchis," "Pushkin's sun" rose. From the southern exile, the poet sent a poem - they called it either "Key", then "Fountain". The poem diverged in the lists, and was soon published with a picture on the title. Having received the little book, Pushkin wrote to his friend Vyazemsky: "... I am beginning to read our booksellers and think that our craft, really, is no worse than others."
The obvious merit of the publishers of the brothers Glazunov, Shiryaev and Smirdin. On the writings of Derzhavin and Kapnist, on the beautifully illustrated fables of Krylov, the brand of the company appeared: "Published by the dependent of A.F. Smirdin." At the same time, he was "written into the St. Petersburg merchant class."
A peculiar "handwriting of Smirdin" arose - the quality factor and excellent taste of the publisher. The commonwealth of writers and poets with Smirdin guaranteed that the book would be quickly sold out and the author's work would be adequately paid. The publisher's special generosity was manifested in relation to Pushkin's works: he perfectly understood the poet's desire to live off literary work. Smirdin was one of the first to realize the great importance of the poet's work for the spiritual life of Russia. Therefore, he became a voluntary mediator between the "Creator" and the "People". In 1827, for a considerable amount at that time - 20 thousand - he buys three poems from Pushkin. Pays regardless of how they are sold. Poems published in separate books with illustrations. In "Ruslan and Lyudmila" a portrait of the poet by Orest Kiprensky appears for the first time. A little later, Smirdin also published "Boris Godunov", "Belkin's Tale" and seven chapters of "Eugene Onegin".
But Pushkin is far from satisfied with everything. He was outraged, for example, by the fact that Smirdin published O. Senkovsky and F. Bulgarin. Later, Natalya Nikolaevna may also have influenced the poet's relationship with the publisher. Avdotya Panaeva in "Memoirs" (publishing house "Academia", 1929) cites the story of Smirdin himself on this occasion:
"- Characteristic, sir, lady, sir. I once happened to talk to her. I came to Alexander Sergeevich for a manuscript and brought money; he made me a condition that I always pay in gold, because their wife, except for gold, does not want to take Alexander Sergeevich says to me: “Go to her, she wants to see you herself.” But I don’t dare to cross the threshold, because I see a lady standing at the dressing table, and the maid is lacing up her satin corset.
I called you to my place in order to announce that you will not receive a manuscript from me until you bring a hundred gold pieces instead of fifty ... Farewell!
She said all this quickly, without turning her head towards me, but looking in the mirror... I bowed, went to Alexander Sergeevich, and they said to me:
There is nothing to do, you need to please my wife, she needed to order a new ball gown.
On the same day, Smirdin brought the required money.
housewarming
In 1832, Smirdin's "Lavka" and the library moved to Nevsky Prospekt (next to the Lutheran Church). Only 12,000 banknotes were paid for the mezzanine rental. Luxurious for that time, the store was perceived by everyone as an unprecedented leap in the history of the Russian book trade.
Before the opening of the store, Severnaya Pchela reported: “A.F. Smirdin, who earned the respect of all well-meaning writers with honesty in business and a noble desire for the success of literature and the love of the public .., wanted to give a decent shelter to the Russian mind and founded a bookstore, which has not yet been happened in Russia ... The books of the late Plavilshchikov finally found a warm store ... our Russian literature entered into honor. Previously, the book trade took place in the open air or in unheated premises. Smirdin moved her "from the cellars to the halls."
His attitude to literature is all the more surprising because he himself was not a widely educated person, even in literacy he was not very strong. But his clerks possessed bibliographic knowledge, the bibliophiles Nozhevshchikov and Tsvetaev made friends with him, the translator and poet Vasily Anastasevich - with his participation, the so-called "Painting", that is, the catalog of the Smirda collection, was subsequently compiled. Four volumes of this painting have survived to this day in the Russian Fund of the St. Petersburg Public.
The grand opening of the store and library took place on February 19, 1832. In the large hall, in front of massive cabinets filled with beautiful folios, a dinner table was set. There were about a hundred guests. Then the "Northern Bee" published their names with its commentary: "It was curious and funny to see here representatives of the past centuries, expiring and coming; to see magazine opponents expressing feelings of respect and affection to each other, critics and criticized ..." In the chairman's place - the librarian and fabulist Krylov, next to him are Zhukovsky and Pushkin, on the other side are Grech and Gogol, a little to the side is Smirdin, who humbly bowed his head. This is how the artist A.P. Bryullov captured them on the sketch of the title page of the almanac "Housewarming" (1832-1833).
The venerable veteran of poetry, Count D. I. Khvostov, read the verses to the host:
Pleasant of Russian muses,
celebrate your anniversary
Champagne for guests
for housewarming lei;
You are Derzhavin to us,
Karamzin from the coffin
Called to immortal life again.
Finally, champagne frothed in the glasses and a toast was made to the health of the emperor. Then - for the owner. They also drank for his guests-friends. "Cheerfulness, frankness, wit and unconditional brotherhood animated this triumph," Grech recalled. The cozy "Smirdin's shop" very soon became a meeting place for St. Petersburg writers - the progenitor of writers' clubs.
At the same solemn dinner, it was decided to create an almanac by common efforts. They came up with a name - "Housewarming" - and asked Smirdin to lead it. In addition to poems and essays, the first issue of the almanac included a dramatic opus by the historian Pogodin and part of Gogol's "Mirgorod". "Housewarming" came out until 1839.
Smirdin's journals
At the same time, Smirdin began to publish the journal "Library for Reading". He was criticized for the "diversity" of the content, but many people liked it precisely because of the diversity - the number of subscribers quickly reached five thousand.
The Smirda journal is perhaps unfortunately named "Library for Reading" (and why do libraries exist if not for reading?), but its various sections: "Poems and Prose", "Foreign Literature", "Science and Art ”,“ Industry and Agriculture ”,“ Criticism ”,“ Literary Chronicle ”,“ Mixture ”- were invariably present in all issues (at times only“ Fashion ”with colored pictures was added; the volume also increased: from 18 to 24 printed sheets).
Following the example of the "Library" and "Notes of the Fatherland", Pushkin's and Nekrasov's Sovremennik and our "thick" magazines were published later.
Whether Pushkin was directly involved in Smirdin's publishing activities is not known, but apparently, he could not do without mutual advice.
Smirdin's most serious reform can be considered a reduction in prices for books and magazines by increasing their circulation. In 1838, A.F. Smirdin undertook the publication of the works of contemporary writers - "One Hundred Russian Writers", "so that the public could see the features of each and judge his style and features." I also had a chance to leaf through these three voluminous volumes, printed on good quality paper with portraits of writers and engravings.
Even then, a true democrat, an admirer of Pushkin and Gogol, Vissarion Belinsky wrote about a new period in Russian literature, calling it "Smirdinsky". He defended his activities from the attacks of the aestheticists: "There are people who claim that Mr. Smirdin killed our literature, seducing its talented representatives with profits. Is it necessary to prove that these people are malicious and hostile to any disinterested enterprise." And as if confirming Belinsky’s thought, one of the newspapers of that time wrote: “We owe Smirdin that now literary studies provide a means of living ... He is a truly honest and kind person! Our writers own his pocket like rent. He can go bankrupt ".
Smirdin's disinterestedness is obvious. For example, by publishing Karamzin's "History of the Russian State", he was able to reduce the cost of its twelve books by five times. Thanks to Smirdin, books became available to the class of people who most needed them. The second component of his activity is also obvious: the more readers, the more educated the society. Smirdin put a lot of effort into publishing the collected works of those who are close to us today - I. Bogdanovich, A. Griboyedov, M. Lermontov.
Smirdin had competitors - far from disinterested. One of the main ones was Adolf Plushchar, who began by printing posters and announcements about entertainment in the capital, and then moved on to publishing the Encyclopedic Lexicon, which was a success. Intrigues began, leading to a quarrel between Smirdin and Plyuscher.
Alexander Filippovich started the publication of "A Picturesque Journey Through Russia" and ordered engravings for it in London. I waited for them for a long time, but for some reason I received them from Leipzig and they were very bad. In order not to go broke, Smirdin organized a book lottery. There was, however, not only a commercial intent in it, but also a desire to addict the population of many regions of Russia to reading. At first, the lottery was successful, but in the third year, thousands of tickets remained unsold. There was a general crisis in the book trade, caused by a sharp increase in the number of booksellers and publishers: many random people appeared in this business. Almost the entire book industry is taking on a market-speculative character.
One way or another, but Smirdin (like Plyuscher) went bankrupt. He wrote then: "Under old age, I remained naked as a falcon - everyone knows that." But he managed to save the books with their most complete bibliographic description. However, after the death of Smirdin (in 1857), and then his heirs, the Smirda library disappeared - 50 thousand volumes! Bibliophiles of the early twentieth century tried to find it, but in vain...
The ways of books are inscrutable
In 1978, a tiny note appeared in Vechernyaya Moskva by Yevgeny Ivanovich Osetrov, editor-in-chief of the Bibliophile's Almanac, who attacked the trail of that library. He managed to find out that a book dealer named Kimel bought it from someone on the cheap and shipped it to Riga. He sold something to second-hand booksellers, and most of the books were sold by his heirs to the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the twenties of the twentieth century.
The story is almost detective, but not so unusual: books get to travel. I also traveled a lot, making geographical films and essays in the Film Travel Almanac. We met with Evgeny Ivanovich and decided to write an application for a film about the fate and search for Smirdin's library. At my studio, they looked askance at the application: now, if something about technical progress ... They sent an application to the Prague film studio "Brief Film". There, they willingly agreed to a joint production and sent their representatives to sign the contract.
A literary script was written and sent to Short Film. And then it was time for filming... Fabulous hundred-towered Prague! For more than five centuries, the chimes on the Old Town Hall have been counting down the time. The toy rooster was still crowing, and the apostles appeared in the windows, just as at that time, when Pushkin admired the white nights on the distant banks of the Neva, and Smirdin hurried to his shop. And here and there the love of books and wisdom is eternal. The alphabet, created by the "solunsky brothers" Cyril and Methodius - those that stand in bronze on the Charles Bridge - helped to rally the Slavs. And the Strahov Monastery became a treasury of Czech and other writings: books of the seventeenth, sixteenth, fourteenth, twelfth centuries!
In Clementinum, a Dominican monastery, schools and a printing press were opened at the beginning of the 17th century. Now there are libraries: national, musical, technical. One of the largest collections of books in Slavic languages, and the main thing in it is Russian literature.
Yes, this is Smirdin's bookplate! So here it is, the Smirda library!
No, this is only half of it, - the dearest Jiri Vacek, the head of the Russian sector, answers me, smiling.
Then he told how these books came to them.
We even have old Russian manuscripts, some of those published by Ivan Fedorov-Moskvitin. Since the beginning of the 20th century, almost all of your journals and almanacs have been sent to us. And when the Smirda library was purchased in Riga, it turned out that much was missing from it. According to the painting, the missing items were collected throughout Europe - this is how the Smirda Fund was formed.
There were also second copies - they were sent to Brodzyany, where our film crew decided to go. Once upon a time, the sister of Pushkin's wife Alexandra Goncharova, who became the wife of the Austrian envoy to Russia Gustav Friesengoff, lived in the Brodzyansky castle. Pushkin's children and grandchildren visited the castle - they are captured in the drawings of the family album. In the dining room there are traditional family portraits and watercolors of Natalia Goncharova, Pushkin and his friends. They appeared here already in our years: when a museum of Russian literature was created in the castle, they were brought here along with Smirda's books.
It was late autumn, the paths were covered with fallen leaves, the sun played in the crowns of oaks and elms. "Autumn time - eyes charm!" But I also remembered the poems of N. Zabolotsky:
Oh, I did not live in this world for nothing!
And it's sweet for me to strive
from the darkness
So that, taking me in the palm of your hand,
You, my distant descendant,
Finished what I didn't finish.
And I thought: after all, Alexander Smirdin thought about his descendants, doing a noble, important work. Customs, mores, ideologies change, but Russian literature remains alive for us. And if you, dear reader, happen to visit the St. Petersburg Public Library, ask the Russian Fund to show the only pictorial portrait of A. F. Smirdin. Bow from me to his memory.
Years of existence: 1825 - 1857
Description:
Illustrations:
Ex-libris monogram of A.F. Smirdin
In Smirdin's store Cover of the anthology "Housewarming" (engraving, Galaktionov)
A portrait of A.F. Smirdin and an ex-libris put down on the books of his public library.
Smirdin Alexander Filippovich(January 21, 1795 - September 16, 1857) was born in Moscow (now Bakhrushina Street) in the family of a cloth merchant Philip Sergeevich Smirdin. The father of a man whose surname later, from the light pen of the critic Vissarion Belinsky, would give the name to a whole period of Russian literature (“The Smirda period of Russian literature” - the article “Literary Dreams”), for some reason known only to him, decided not to involve his son in the family business, but, after teaching him to read and write, he appointed him (13 years old) to work in the bookstore of his relative, the book dealer Ilyin.
Smirdin then served as a clerk in Shiryaev's bookstore in Moscow. In 1817 he moved to the service of a St. Petersburg bookseller Vasily Alekseevich Plavilshchikov who gave him boundless confidence and soon entrusted him with the conduct of all his affairs. Plavlshchikov died in 1825; there are two versions of how the merchant's will was drawn up. According to one, he offered Alexander Filippovich two options: either take over the entire enterprise, burdened with debts that the heir was obliged to pay, or sell the company's goods at a profit and go home. Alexander Filippovich chose the first. According to another version, Smirdin received the privilege to buy the Plavilshchikov case at a price that he himself would like to set. As one literary legend says, the noble Smirdin did not use this right, but called his metropolitan colleagues to a meeting-auction, where he offered the highest price.
Since that time, Smirdin's independent book-selling and publishing activities began. His first publication was the novel "Ivan Vyzhigin" by Faddey Bulgarin. Not without good reason, Bulgarin was “lucky” to become the hero of numerous caustic epigrams of his great contemporaries, but by a strange irony of fate, Bulgarin, unloved and despised by many, whose surname became a household name with a minus sign in the history of Russian literature, wrote the first Russian adventure novel, which did not slow down become our first bestseller. The adventures of the protagonist of this book were published in a large circulation for those years and so captivated the Russian reader that they were instantly sold out and made popular both its author and publisher.
Soon Smirdin expanded trade - he moved from Gostiny Dvor to the Blue Bridge, and then to Nevsky Prospekt, to the house of the Peter and Paul Church. At that time, he was already in close acquaintance with many contemporary writers, and Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Krylov and other writers were present at his housewarming celebration. In memory of this holiday, the collection "Housewarming" (1833) was published, compiled from the works of the guests who were present at this housewarming party and printed in Printing houses of A. Plushar
The fruit of Smirdin's long and tireless publishing activity was an extensive range of the most diverse publications: scientific books, textbooks, works of fine literature - he published works by Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Krylov and other prominent contemporaries, as well as some such writers who, perhaps, would never have been published had it not been for Smirdin. In 1834, Smirdin founded the Library for Reading magazine, which was the most widespread magazine of its time and laid the foundation for the so-called "thick" magazines. After Smirdin's death, one publication calculated that for all his publishing activities he published books worth 10 million rubles, while about 2 million went to the preparation and printing of publications and about 1.5 million to pay royalties. Such unheard-of generosity, often bordering on disinterestedness, according to many, was one of the reasons for the ruin of the publisher.
Smirdin's generosity in respect of the fee attracted the best contemporary writers to participate in his journal, and their attitude towards Smirdin was in the nature of a sincere friendship. Appreciating in him a well-read and educated person in many respects, almost all the famous writers of his time constantly visited him, spending whole hours in conversation with him. For his part, Smirdin, devoted to the interests of literature, treated its representatives with remarkable cordiality and did not miss an opportunity to render them this or that service. Every good work found a publisher in him, every novice talent could count on his support.
For quite a long time, Smirdin's publications were widely distributed and his enterprise was successful, but then his business was shaken. The reason for this was his excessive credulity and disinterestedness in trade, and most of all his extraordinary generosity in the payment of literary labor. So, he paid Pushkin for each line of poems "a piece of gold", and for the poem "Hussar" placed in the "Library for Reading" for 1834, he paid 1200 rubles. In total, according to the calculations of the well-known writer, bibliographer and book historian Nikolai Pavlovich Smirnov-Sokolsky, Alexander Filippovich paid Pushkin 122,800 rubles over the years of cooperation. - almost half of the amount that the poet earned in his entire life through literary work and, at the same time, going towards him literally in everything - see below. Printing house of the Department of Public Education .
Krylov for the right to publish his fables in the amount of forty thousand copies Smirdin paid 40,000 rubles. Today, Smirdin's commercialization of writing is considered one of his greatest merits, but in the 19th century this step was not taken so unambiguously. Detractors accused the altruist Smirdin of destroying Russian literature with his unheard-of fees, forcing creative people to work for money.
In addition to the "Library for Reading", Smirdin from 1838 published "Son of the Fatherland" (edited by Polevoy and Grech). Bibliography was Smirdin's favorite pastime - with his close assistance, Anastasevich compiled "A List of Russian Books for Reading from A. Smirdin's Library" (1828-1832), which for a long time served as the only reference book on Russian bibliography. Until the very last days of his life, Smirdin did not stop compiling additions to this bibliography. The main merit of Smirdin, who devoted his whole life to selfless service to the book business, is to reduce the cost of books, to worthily evaluate literary works “as capital”, to strengthen the strong connection between literature and the book trade. His work played a significant role in the history of Russian education.
In 1841-1843, the collections "Russian Conversation, a collection of works by Russian writers published in favor of A.F. Smirdin" saw the light of day - a desperate attempt by domestic writers to help Alexander Filippovich. In the preface to the first collection - an emotional article by V.G. Belinsky, where there were such lines: “The very way to turn to the aid of the public lent to him does a great honor to Smirdin. He does not ask the public for help, but for attention to the publication, which should bring him benefits if everything disperses. Russian writers have done their job: forgetting about any partiality, they hasten to combine their feasible works in one book. Now it remains for the public to pay its debt to Smirdin and support the glory of Russian society.. However, this good undertaking was not successful - the public remained indifferent to him. The authorities also tried to help Smirdin, favoring him and appreciating his merits - the state issued a loan of 30 thousand rubles to the publisher. silver. But this does not help, and in 1847 Smirdin sells part of his business - the premises and funds of his library - to his trusted clerk Petr Ivanovich Krasheninnikov, at which he opens his own bookstore.
In the end, Smirdin lost all the capital he had accumulated and came to complete ruin. He was forced to gradually reduce and then completely stop his book trade. Burdened with heavy debts, he did not lose hope of paying them and resorted to the most ruinous means for himself, starting one or another enterprise. During this period, Smirdin began to publish the works of Russian writers, starting with Lomonosov, Tredyakovsky, etc., in the fullest possible extent, but in the smallest possible format and in small print, in order to be able to sell each volume at a cheap price. A total of 70 books by 35 authors were published. The Complete Works of Russian Authors turned out to be in demand and quickly sold out, but, as expected, the proceeds from the series were not enough to pay off debts.
Even the support of the government did not help, which did take an unprecedented step, allowing Smirdin in 1843 to arrange a win-win lottery from books in his favor. A lottery ticket cost a ruble, its owner got the right to purchase books in the Smirdin bookstore in the amount of 1 to 50 rubles, one lottery ticket was with a large cash prize - 1 thousand rubles. The first edition of the book lottery was successful, and in 1844 Smirdin started a second lottery. However, her tickets were never completely sold out. In total, Alexander Filippovich managed to gain about 150 thousand rubles from two lotteries. - this was sorely lacking to cover all his debts and he was declared an insolvent debtor. Most of his books were transferred to the merchant L.I. bookstore of Serno-Solovyevich .
The last years of the life of the publisher and educator were sad. Poverty and unsuccessful struggle with failures undermined his health. According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Smirdin's state of mind at that time was extremely difficult. Alexander Filippovich Smirdin died on September 16 (28), 1857 in poverty and almost complete oblivion, he was 62 years old. The publisher was buried at the Volkovsky cemetery in St. Petersburg. Money for the monument, as well as to help the family of the educator, was collected by St. Petersburg booksellers, who started a publication for this "Collection of literary articles dedicated by Russian writers to the memory of the late bookseller-publisher Alexander Filippovich Smirdin".
Smirdin's business was tried to be continued by his eldest son Alexander, the heir to what was left of his father's enterprises. In 1854 he, together with the publisher V.E.Genkel founded a famous company A.Smirdin & Co. For the first time, Alexander succeeded in something, but by the beginning of the 1860s he was also ruined.
Note:
In 1823-1832, the bookstore and library of A.F. Smirdin were located on the Moika embankment, 63 in the house of Gavrilova near the Blue Bridge (the building was preserved and built on). In 1832 they moved to Nevsky Prospekt, the home of the Lutheran Church (the building has been preserved and built on).
The publishing house has ceased to exist.
Renowned bookseller-publisher; genus. in Moscow on January 21, 1795, died in St. Petersburg on September 16, 1857. At the age of thirteen, S. was determined to be a "boy" in the bookstore of the Moscow bookseller P.A. Ilyin, and then served as a clerk in the Shiryaev bookstore, formerly in Moscow. In 1817, he joined the St. Petersburg bookseller P. A. Plavilshchikov, who showed him boundless confidence and soon entrusted him with the conduct of all his affairs. In 1825 Plavlshchikov died. The will he left gave S. the right, for his service, to buy all the goods of the bookstore, the library and the printing house at the price he wanted, but the deeply honest S. did not use this right, but called all the booksellers to evaluate Plavilshchikov’s property and he set the price above all. Since that time, S. began an independent book-selling and, at the same time, publishing activity (his first edition was Bulgarin's Ivan Vyzhigin). Soon, S. expanded trade, moved from Gostiny Dvor to the Blue Bridge, and then to Nevsky Prospekt, to the house of the Peter and Paul Church. At this time, he was already in close acquaintance with many contemporary writers, and Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Krylov and other writers were present at the housewarming celebration. In memory of this holiday, the collection "Housewarming" (1833) was published, compiled from the works of guests at the housewarming.
The fruit of the long and tireless publishing activity of S. is a long series of the most diverse publications: scientific books, textbooks, works of fine literature. S. published works by Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Krylov and a friend, as well as some of these writers, who, perhaps, would never have been published if S. In total, S. published more than three million rubles. In 1834, he founded the journal "Library for Reading", which was the most widespread journal of its time and laid the foundation for the so-called "thick" journals; S.'s generosity in relation to the fee attracted the best contemporary writers to participate in his magazine. The attitude of modern writers towards S. was in the nature of a sincere friendship. Appreciating in him a well-read and educated person in many respects, almost all the famous writers of his time constantly visited him, spending whole hours in conversation with him. For his part, S., devoted to the interests of literature, treated its representatives with remarkable cordiality and did not miss the opportunity to render them this or that service. Every good work found in him a publisher; every budding talent could count on his support. For quite a long time, S.'s publications were widely distributed and his enterprise was successful, but then his affairs were shaken. The reason for this was his excessive credulity and disinterestedness in trade, and most of all his extraordinary generosity in the payment of literary labor. So, he paid Pushkin for each line of poetry "a piece of gold", and for the poem "Hussar" placed in the "Library for Reading" in 1834, he paid 1200 rubles; Krylov for the right to publish his fables in the amount of forty thousand copies S. paid 40,000 rubles (in banknotes). In the end, he lost all the capital he had accumulated and came to complete ruin. He was forced to gradually reduce and then completely stop his book trade. Burdened with heavy debts, he did not lose hope of paying them and resorted to the most ruinous means for himself, starting one or another enterprise. During this period, S. started, among other things, to publish the works of Russian writers, starting with Lomonosov, Tredyakovsky, etc., in the fullest possible way, but in the smallest possible format and in small print, in order to be able to sell each volume at a cheap price. . The support of the government, which allowed S. to arrange a book lottery in their favor, did not save him, and he was declared an insolvent debtor. He spent the last part of his life in absolute poverty. After his death, St. Petersburg booksellers published a "Collection of literary articles dedicated by Russian writers to the memory of the late bookseller-publisher Alexander Filippovich Smirdin", in favor of his family and to erect a monument on his grave, S. was buried at the Volkovo cemetery.
In addition to the Library for Reading, S. from 1838 published, under the editorship of Polevoy and Grech, Son of the Fatherland. Bibliography was S.'s favorite pastime. With his close assistance, Anastasevich compiled "A List of Russian Books for Reading from A. Smirdin's Library" (1828-1832), which for a long time served as the only reference book on Russian bibliography; until the very last days of his life, S. did not cease to make additions to this bibliography. The main merit of S., who devoted his whole life to disinterested service to the book business, is to reduce the cost of books, to worthily appreciate literary works as capital, and to strengthen the strong connection between literature and the book trade. His work played a significant role in the history of Russian education.
"A.F. Smirdin (A brief outline of his life and work)", ("Library for Reading" 1857, No. 11, vol. CXLVI, pp. 249-255). - I. I. Bulatov, "Smirdin, A. F., biographical sketch" ("News of bookstores of the Partnership M. O. Wolf" 1898, No. 4, pp. 83-89). - "Collection of literary articles dedicated by Russian writers to the memory of the late bookseller-publisher Alexander Filippovich Smirdin", vol. 1, St. Petersburg, 1858, pp. І - XII. - K. Field. "Memories of A.F. Smirdin" ("Northern Bee" 1857, No. 210). - F. B., "A. F. Smirdin and a hundred Russian writers" ("Northern Bee" 1839, No. 287). - Count Khvostov, "At the housewarming party of A.F. Smirdin" ("Ladies' Magazine" 1832, part XXXVII, No. 11, p. 168). - Obituaries in "Domestic Notes" 1857, No. 10, vol. CXIV, pp. 45-46, in "St. Petersburg Vedomosti" 1857, No. 205 and in "Moscow Vedomosti" 1857, No. 115. - "The funeral of the bookseller A.F. Smirdin. Brief information about his trading and publishing activities. The merits of the deceased, as a zealot of national education", ("Russian Invalid" 1857, No. 203).
V. Grekov.
(Polovtsov)
Smirdin, Alexander Filippovich
Famous bookseller and publisher (1795-1857). At the age of 13, he entered Shiryaev's book trade as a boy; in 1817 he moved to the St. Petersburg bookseller Plavilshchikov, who soon entrusted him with the conduct of all his affairs. In 1825 Plavilshchikov died, and his bookstore, together with the library and printing house, passed to the Soviet Union; he expanded trade, moved from Gostiny Dvor to the Blue Bridge, and then to Nevsky Prospekt. At this time, S. had already made acquaintances with many writers, and his housewarming was celebrated in the presence of Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Krylov, and others; on the same occasion, the collection Housewarming (1833) was published. In 1834, Mr.. S. founded the "Bible. for Reading", which, thanks to the generosity of the publisher, spare no expense, marked the beginning of the so-called "thick" magazines. At the same time, S. published the works of most contemporary writers, and at the end of the 40s he undertook the Complete Collection of Works by Russian Authors, starting with Lomonosov, Tredyakovskii, and so on. The main reason for this was the extraordinary generosity of S.: for example, he paid Pushkin for each line of poetry for "chervonets", and for the poem "Hussar", published in the "Library for Reading" in 1834, he paid 1200 rubles. S.'s disinterestedness and gullibility during the sale of book goods brought him, in the end, to complete ruin: despite the support from the government, which allowed him to set up a lottery for playing books, S. was declared an insolvent debtor. After his death, St. Petersburg booksellers published a "Collection of Literary Articles" dedicated by Russian writers to his memory. In addition to "Bible. for Reading", S. published "Son of the Father", from 1838, edited by Field and Grech. Of great value is Anastasevich's "Painting of Russian Books for Reading from A. Smirdin's Library" (1828-32).
(Brockhaus)
Big biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .
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Alexander Filippovich Smirdin (1795-1857) famous Russian bookseller and publisher. The main merit of Smirdin lies in the reduction in the cost of books, in a worthy assessment of literature ... Wikipedia
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Russian publisher and bookseller. From the age of 13 he served in bookstores, in 1817 he entered as a clerk to V. A. Plavilshchikov, after whose death S. in 1825 became (by will) the owner of it ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1795 1857), publisher and bookseller. In 1817 he came to Petersburg. He served as a clerk for V.A. Shop S. was located ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)
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Smirdin Alexander Filippovich- Almanac "Housewarming" (1833). Almanac "Housewarming" (1833). Smirdin Alexander Filippovich (17951857), publisher and bookseller. In 1817 he came to Petersburg. He served as a clerk for V. A. Plavilshchikov, after whose death, according to his will, he became ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1795, Moscow 1857, St. Petersburg), publisher and bookseller. At the age of 13, he entered the commission agent A.S. as a boy. Shiryaev. In 1817, at his request, he transferred to the bookseller V.A. Plavilshchikov to Petersburg, where he concentrated his main publishing and ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Smirdin, Alexander Filippovich- See also (1795 1857). Petersburg bookseller, publisher of the Library for Reading and Pushkin's Works. Under the condition concluded on behalf of Pushkin by Pletnev in 1830, S. acquired for four years the right to publish all of Pushkin's already published works ... Dictionary of literary types
