The page contains the most famous paintings by Russian artists of the 19th century with titles and descriptions
The diverse painting of Russian artists since the beginning of the 19th century attracts with its originality and versatility in the domestic fine arts. The masters of painting of that time did not cease to amaze with their unique approach to the plot and reverent attitude to the feelings of people, to their native nature. In the 19th century, portrait compositions were often painted with an amazing combination of an emotional image and an epicly calm motive.
The paintings of Russian artists are magnificent in craftsmanship and truly beautiful in perception, strikingly accurately reflected the breath of their time, the unique character of the people and their desire for beauty.
The canvases of Russian painters, which are the most popular: Alexander Ivanov is a bright representative of the picturesque biblical direction, telling us in colors about the episodes of the life of Jesus Christ.
Karl Bryullov is a popular painter in his time, his direction is historical painting, portrait themes, romantic works.
Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky, his paintings are magnificent and one might say simply unsurpassedly reflect the beauty of the sea with transparent rolling waves, sea sunsets and sailboats.
Distinctive versatility stands out the work of the famous Ilya Repin, who created genre and monumental works that reflect the life of the people.
Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized the episodes of the life path of the Russian people in colors.
Each artist is unique, for example, the picturesque master of fairy tales and epics Viktor Vasnetsov, unique in his style, is always juicy and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are the well-known heroes of folk tales.
Each artist is unique, for example, the picturesque master of fairy tales and epics Viktor Vasnetsov, unique in his style, is always juicy and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are the well-known heroes of folk tales. Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized the episodes of the life path of the Russian people in colors.
In Russian painting of the 19th century, such a trend as critical realism also appeared, emphasizing ridicule, satire and humor in the plots. Of course, this was a new trend, not every artist could afford it. In this direction, such artists as Pavel Fedotov and Vasily Perov were determined.
Landscape painters of that time also occupied their niche, among them Isaac Levitan, Alexei Savrasov, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, the young artist Fyodor Vasiliev, the picturesque master of the forest, forest glades with pines and birches with mushrooms Ivan Shishkin. All of them colorfully and romantically reflected the beauty of Russian nature, the variety of forms and images of which is associated with the colossal potential of the surrounding world.
According to Levitan, in every note of Russian nature there is a unique colorful palette, hence there is a huge expanse for creativity. Perhaps this is the riddle that the canvases created in the vast expanses of Russia are distinguished by some exquisite severity, but at the same time, they attract with discreet beauty, from which it is difficult to look away. Or not at all intricate and rather not catchy plot, Levitan's painting Dandelions, as it were, encourages the viewer to think and see the beauty in the simple.
Geniuses, innovators, brawlers, pioneers who have had an incredible impact on world culture. The greatest Russian artists - who are they?
Top 7 Russian Artists
Among the most prominent and influential Russian artists:
1. Kazimir Malevich(1879-1935) - the author of the most controversial work in the history of world painting, "Black Square". However, Malevich's legacy is great and includes, in particular, not only the "Black", but also the "Red" and "White" squares. The most scandalous and most expensive of Russian artists. His masterpiece Suprematist Composition was sold at Sotheby's for $60 million.
"Suprematist composition" 2. Ivan Aivazovsky(1817-1900) - the greatest Russian marine painter, author of the immortal "The Ninth Wave". The most prolific artist - painted more than 6 thousand paintings. Due to the huge heritage, at the same time is one of the most counterfeited artists in the world. Widely known in the West, his works are regularly sold at auctions, including Sotheby's.
Ninth shaft 3. Viktor Vasnetsov(1848-1936) - perhaps the most Russian of all Russian artists. Known for works that sing folklore, fairy tales, epics. Not only the author of "Three Heroes", but also one of the developers of the Soviet Budyonovka.
4. Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin(1878-1939) - the most revolutionary artist. The painting "Bathing the Red Horse" prophetically predicted terrible upheavals in Russia. Although he was often criticized for eroticism (he boldly depicted not only naked women, but also men), in general he can be considered the forerunner of socialist realism. At foreign auctions, not so much his revolutionary works as still lifes enjoy great success.
"Bathing the Red Horse" 5. Vasily Vereshchagin(1842-1904) - battle painter, famous for documenting the horrors of war. The most famous work is The Apotheosis of War, depicting a pile of skulls bleached by the scorching sun. For decades, he was harassed by the tsarist government for his pacifist position. At the same time, he enjoyed incredible popularity both in Russia and in the West. His exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1880 was visited by 240 thousand people (in 40 days), in Berlin - 140 thousand people (in 65 days), in Vienna - 110 thousand (in 28 days). Such fame is not dreamed of by many pop stars of our time.
"Apotheosis of War" 6. Vladimir Tatlin(1885–1953) – founder of constructivism, artist, architect, graphic artist. His artistic work, similar in style to the early creations of Picasso, is exhibited in the Pompidou Museum in Paris and in the Oxford Library. His masterpiece "Tatlin's Tower" is one of the most recognizable and replicated symbols of avant-garde in the world. Enjoyed great success in the West ("Tatlin's machine art"), inspired a whole generation of Dada artists, including the French master of surrealism Marcel Duchamp.
"Tatlin's Tower" 7. Ilya Glazunov(born 1930) is the most monumental Russian artist. The most famous is his painting "Eternal Russia" (size - 3x6 m) - a picturesque chronicle of Russian history for 988-1988, timed to coincide with the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Rus'. In total, he created more than 3 thousand works (portraits, landscapes, historical and political canvases). Glazunov's reputation is undeniable - someone considers him a genius, someone - a opportunist. One thing is clear - this is a figure of a titanic scale, like his canvases.
"Eternal Russia" I would like to believe that in the future in Russia, too, there will be artists who can turn humanity's ideas about beauty.
“Every portrait painted with feeling is, in essence, a portrait of the artist, and not of the one who posed for him” Oscar Wilde
What does it take to be an artist? Mere imitation of work cannot be considered art. Art is something that comes from within. The author's idea, excitement, searches, desires and sorrows, which are embodied on the artist's canvas. Throughout the history of mankind, hundreds of thousands, and perhaps millions of paintings have been written. Some of them are truly masterpieces, known all over the world, even people who are not related to art know them. Is it possible to single out 25 of the most outstanding among such paintings? The task is very difficult, but we tried ...
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25The Persistence of Memory, Salvador Dali
Thanks to this painting, Dali became famous at a fairly young age, he was 28 years old. The picture has several more names - "Soft watch", "Hardness of memory". This masterpiece has attracted the attention of many art historians. Basically, they were interested in the interpretation of the picture. It is said that the idea of Dali's canvas is connected with Einstein's theory of relativity.
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24"Dance", Henri Matisse
Henri Matisse was not always an artist. He discovered his love for painting after receiving a degree in law in Paris. He studied art so zealously that he became one of the greatest artists in the world. This picture has very little negative criticism of art critics. It reflects a combination of pagan rituals, dance and music. People are dancing in a trance. Three colors - green, blue and red - symbolize the Earth, Sky and Humanity.
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23The Kiss, Gustav Klimt
Gustav Klimt has often been criticized for being nude in his paintings. "The Kiss" was noticed by critics, as it merged all forms of art. The painting could be an image of the artist himself and his lover, Emilia. Klimt painted this canvas under the influence of Byzantine mosaics. The Byzantines used gold in their paintings. Similarly, Gustav Klimt mixed gold in his paints to create his own style of painting.
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22Sleeping Gypsy, Henri Rousseau
No one but Rousseau himself could describe this picture better. Here is his description - “a nomadic gypsy who sings her songs to a mandolin, sleeps on the ground from fatigue, her jug of drinking water lies nearby. A lion passing by came up to sniff her, but did not touch her. Everything is bathed in moonlight, a very poetic atmosphere.” It is noteworthy that Henri Rousseau is self-taught.
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21"The Last Judgment", Hieronymus Bosch
Without further ado - the picture is simply magnificent. This triptych is the largest of Bosch's surviving paintings. The left wing shows the story of Adam and Eve. The central part is the "Last Judgment" on the part of Jesus - who should go to heaven and who should go to hell. The earth we see here is on fire. On the right wing is depicted a disgusting image of hell.
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20
Everyone knows Narcissus from Greek mythology - a man who was obsessed with his appearance. Dali wrote his own interpretation of Narcissus.
The story is like this. The beautiful young man Narcissus easily broke the hearts of many girls. The gods intervened and, to punish him, showed him his reflection in the water. Narcissus fell in love with himself and ended up dying because he couldn't hug himself. Then the Gods regretted that they had done this to him, and decided to immortalize him in the form of a narcissus flower.
On the left side of the picture is Narcissus looking at his reflection. Then he fell in love with himself. The right panel shows the events that unfolded after, including the resulting flower, the daffodil.
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19
The plot of the picture is based on the biblical beating of the babies in Bethlehem. After the birth of Christ became known from the Magi, King Herod instructed to kill all the small male children and babies in Bethlehem. In the picture, the carnage is at its peak, the last few children taken from their mothers are waiting for their merciless death. Also visible are the corpses of children for whom everything is behind them.
Thanks to the use of rich colors, Rubens' painting has become a world-famous masterpiece.
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18
Pollock's work is very different from other artists. He placed his canvas on the ground and moved around the canvas and walked on it, dripping paint from above onto the canvas with sticks, brushes and syringes. Thanks to this unique technique, he was nicknamed "Sprinkler Jack" in artistic circles. For some time this painting held the title of the most expensive painting in the world.
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17
Also known as "Dancing at Les Moulins de la Galette". This painting is considered one of Renoir's most joyful paintings. The idea of the picture is to show the audience the fun side of Parisian life. With a detailed study of the picture, you can see that Renoir placed several of his friends on the canvas. Because the painting appears slightly washed out, it was initially criticized by Renoir's contemporaries.
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16
The story is taken from the Bible. The Last Supper depicts Christ's last supper before his arrest. He had just spoken to his apostles and told them that one of them would betray him. All the apostles are saddened and tell him that it is certainly not them. It was this moment that da Vinci beautifully portrayed with his lively image. It took the great Leonardo four years to complete this painting.
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15
Monet's "Water Lilies" can be found everywhere. You've probably seen them on wallpapers, posters, and art magazine covers. The fact is that Monet was obsessed with lilies. Before he started painting them, he had grown countless of these flowers. Monet built a Japanese-style bridge in his garden over a lily pond. He was so pleased with what he did that he drew this story seventeen times in one year.
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14
There is something sinister and mysterious in this picture, there is an aura of fear around it. Only such a master as Munch was able to portray fear on paper. Munch made four versions of The Scream in oils and pastels. According to Munch's diary entries, it is pretty clear that he himself believed in death and spirits. In the painting “The Scream”, he depicted himself at the moment when one day, walking with friends, he felt fear and excitement, which he wanted to paint.
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13
The painting, which is usually referred to as a symbol of motherhood, should not have become one. It is said that Whistler's model, who was supposed to pose for the painting, did not show up, and he decided to paint his mother instead. We can say that the sad life of the artist's mother is depicted here. This mood is due to the dark colors that are used in this painting.
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12
Picasso met Dora Maar in Paris. It is said that she was intellectually closer to Picasso than all his previous mistresses. Using cubism, Picasso was able to convey movement in his work. It seems that Maar's face is turning to the right, towards the face of Picasso. The artist made the woman's presence almost real. Maybe he wanted to feel that she was there, always.
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11
Van Gogh painted Starry Night while in treatment, where he was only allowed to paint when his condition improved. Earlier in the same year, he cut off his left earlobe. Many considered the artist insane. Of Van Gogh's entire collection of works, Starry Night is the most famous, perhaps due to the unusual spherical light around the stars.
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10
In this painting, Manet recreated Titian's Venus of Urbino. The artist had a bad reputation for depicting prostitutes. Although the gentlemen at that time visited the courtesans quite often, they did not think that it would occur to someone to draw them. Then it was preferable for artists to paint pictures on historical, mythical or biblical themes. However, Manet, contrary to criticism, showed the audience their contemporary.
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9
This painting is a historical canvas depicting Napoleon's conquest of Spain.
Having received an order for paintings depicting the struggle of the people of Spain with Napoleon, the artist did not paint heroic and pathetic canvases. He chose the moment of execution of the Spanish rebels by French soldiers. Each of the Spaniards is experiencing this moment in his own way, someone has already reconciled, but for someone the main battle has just come. War, blood and death, that's what Goya actually portrayed.
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8
It is believed that the depicted girl is the eldest daughter of Vermeer, Maria. Her features are present in many of his works, but it is difficult to compare them. A book with the same title was written by Tracey Chevalier. But Tracy's version of who is depicted in this picture is completely different. She claims that she took this topic because there is very little information about Vermeer and his paintings, and this particular painting has a mysterious atmosphere. Later, a film was made based on her novel.
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7
The exact name of the painting is “The performance of the rifle company of Captain Frans Banning Cock and Lieutenant Willem van Ruytenbürg.” The rifle society was a civilian militia that was called upon to defend the city. In addition to the militia, Rembrandt added a few extra people to the composition. Considering that he bought an expensive house at the time of writing this picture, it may well be true that he received a huge fee for The Night Watch.
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6
Although the painting contains an image of Velázquez himself, it is not a self-portrait. The main character of the canvas is Infanta Margherita, daughter of King Philip IV. It depicts the moment when Velazquez, working on a portrait of the king and queen, is forced to stop and look at the Infanta Margherita, who has just entered the room with her retinue. The picture looks almost alive, awakening curiosity in the audience.
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5
This is the only painting by Brueghel that was painted in oils and not in tempera. There are still doubts about the authenticity of the painting, mainly for two reasons. Firstly, he did not paint in oils, and secondly, recent studies have shown that under the layer of painting there is a schematic drawing of poor quality, which does not belong to Brueghel.
The painting depicts the history of Icarus and the moment of his fall. According to the myth, Icarus' feathers were attached with wax, and as Icarus rose very close to the sun, the wax melted and he fell into the water. This landscape inspired Wystan Hugh Auden to write his most famous poem on the same subject.
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4
The School of Athens is perhaps the most famous fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist, Raphael.
On this mural in the School of Athens, all the great mathematicians, philosophers and scientists gathered under one roof, they share their theories and learn from each other. All the heroes lived at different times, but Raphael placed them all in the same room. Some of the figures are Aristotle, Plato, Pythagoras and Ptolemy. A closer look shows that there is a self-portrait of Raphael himself in this picture. Every artist would like to leave their mark, the only difference is the form. Although maybe he considered himself one of these great figures?
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3
Michelangelo never considered himself an artist, he always thought of himself more as a sculptor. But, he managed to create an amazing exquisite fresco, before which the whole world reveres. This masterpiece is on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo was commissioned to paint several biblical stories, one of which is the creation of Adam. In this picture, the sculptor in Michelangelo is just visible. Adam's human body is rendered with incredible fidelity, with vibrant colors and precise muscular form. So, one can agree with the author, after all, he is more of a sculptor.
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2"Mona Lisa", Leonardo da Vinci
Although it is the most studied painting, the Mona Lisa is still the most mysterious. Leonardo said that he never stopped working on it. Only his death is said to have completed the painting. "Mona Lisa" is the first Italian portrait in which the model is shown to the waist. Mona Lisa's skin seems to glow due to the use of several layers of transparent oils. As a scientist, Leonardo da Vinci applied all his knowledge to make the image of the Mona Lisa realistic. As for who exactly is depicted in the painting, it still remains a mystery.
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1
The painting depicts Venus, the goddess of love, floating on a shell in the wind, which is blown by Zephyr, the god of the west wind. On the shore, Ora, the goddess of the seasons, meets her, she is ready to dress the newborn deity. The model for Venus is Simonetta Cattaneo de Vespucci. Simonetta Cattaneo died at 22, and Botticelli wished to be buried next to her. He had an unrequited love for her. This painting is the most exquisite work of art ever created.
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Conclusion
It was an article TOP 25 most famous paintings in the world. Thank you for your attention!
Speaking about the landscape genre, it is impossible not to refer to the work of the great landscape painters. Now it is hard to imagine that two hundred years ago such a thing as a landscape did not exist yet. The traditions of Russian landscape painting began to take shape only at the end of the 18th century. Before that, artists painted under the influence of Italian and French masters, ennobling nature according to the academic laws of construction, which were considered mandatory in the painting of that time.
A huge contribution to the development of the Russian landscape was made by the Association of Traveling Exhibitions (Wanderers) under the leadership of I. N. Kramskoy. Artists sang of the beauty of discreet Russian nature, the simplicity of rural landscapes, the vast expanses of Rus'.
Major masters of landscape:
- Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov (1830-1897)
- Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817–1900)
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898)
Art by I.I. Shishkin is surprisingly clear and transparent. His paintings are a hymn to wildlife, its beauty. He created landscape art with coniferous thickets, with boundless expanse, with all the simplicity of the northern landscape.
At the age of 12, at the insistence of his father, he was assigned to the 1st Kazan gymnasium. I have not completed the full course. In 1852 he moved to Moscow and entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here A. N. Mokritsky became Shishkin's mentor. After completing the course (1856), the talented student was advised to continue his education in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts. His training was led by S. M. Vorobyov.
The teachers immediately noted Shishkin's penchant for landscape painting. Already in the first year of his stay at the academy, he was awarded a small silver medal for "View in the vicinity of St. Petersburg." In 1858 the artist received the Big Silver Medal for the painting "View on the Island of Valaam".
The successes achieved allowed Shishkin to travel abroad as a scholarship holder of the Academy. The journey began in Munich (1861), where Ivan Ivanovich visited the workshops of the popular animal painters B. and F. Adamov. In 1863, Shishkin moved to Zurich, then to Geneva, Prague, Dusseldorf. Longing for his homeland, he returned to St. Petersburg in 1866, before the expiration of his scholarship.
In Russia, the artist was awarded the title of academician (1865). Since that time, the most fruitful period of the painter's work began. The paintings "Cutting down the forest" (1867), "Rye" (1878), "Pine trees illuminated by the sun" (1886), "Morning in a pine forest" (1889) were created; bears were painted by K. A . Savitsky), "Ship Grove" (1898) and many others.
Shishkin actively worked in the open air, often taking artistic trips around Russia. He exhibited his works almost every year - first at the academy, and then, after the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions was established (1870), at these expositions.
Ivan Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900)
Born on August 30, 1860 in the Lithuanian town of Kybartai into a Jewish family. My father was a small employee in the city government. Soon after the birth of the youngest son, the family moved to Moscow. At the age of 13, Isaac was admitted to the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in the class of A.K. Savrasov and V.D. Polenov. From the very beginning of his studies, Levitan earned a living by taking lessons and commissioned portraits. He brilliantly graduated from college, but because of his origin, he was awarded a diploma as a calligraphy teacher.
The first major painting "Quiet Abode" he painted after a trip in 1890 to the Russian North. The canvas was purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery. In 1892 the artist was forced to leave Moscow because Jews were not allowed to live in the capitals. He settled in a village located along the Vladimir highway, along which convicts were driven to Siberia. The artist captured these places in the painting "Vladimirka" (1892). In the 90s. Levitan made another trip, this time along the Volga. There was born the painting “Fresh wind. Volga" (1891-1895). The exacerbation of tuberculosis caused the artist to leave abroad, to France, then to Italy, although the efforts of friends helped him get permission to live in Moscow.
Returning home, in 1898 Levitan began to teach a landscape class at the school, which he graduated from. His health was deteriorating, and in 1899 the artist, at the invitation of A.P. Chekhov, left for Yalta. Returning, he began teaching again, but his health continued to deteriorate, and on August 4, 1900, Levitan died.
The landscapes of the singer of Russian nature are not just a photographic image of nature - the artist managed to convey her living breath. No wonder the critic V.V. Stasov called Levitan's paintings emotional poems. At the same time, Levitan was not only a great landscape painter. His creative heritage also includes drawings, watercolors, and book illustrations.
The city of Plyos is associated with the name of Isaac Levitan. Levitan comes to Ples three summers in a row, in 1888-1890. There is not a single corner and path in the vicinity of Plyos, wherever the great master has been. Inspired by the magical beauty of Plyos, he paints almost 200 paintings and sketches here! Now famous paintings: “Above Eternal Peace”, “After the Rain. Ples”, “Evening. Golden Plyos, Birch Grove and many others have become an adornment of the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum and many collections in Russia and abroad.
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov (1844-1927)
Born on June 1, 1844 in the Borok estate (now Polenovo in the Tula region) in the family of archaeologist and bibliographer D. V. Polenov. After receiving a secondary education, Vasily entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1863), and a little later began to attend lectures at the law faculty at the university.
In 1872, Polenov, who completed both courses with honors, was awarded a trip abroad at the expense of the academy. He visited Vienna, Venice, Florence, Naples, lived in Paris for a long time. The visit home was short-lived; in 1876 the artist volunteered for the Serbo-Montenegrin-Turkish war.
In subsequent years, he traveled extensively in the Middle East and Greece (1881-1882, 1899, 1909), Italy (1883-1884, 1894-1895). In 1879 he joined the Society of Wanderers. In 1882-1895. taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
In recognition of Polenov's merits, in 1893 he was elected a full member of the Academy of Arts. From 1910, he was engaged in the development of provincial theaters, becoming three years later the head of a special section at the Moscow Society of People's Universities.
Polenov is known as the author of works of various genres. He turned to historical and religious themes - "Christ and the Sinner" (1886-1887), "On the Lake of Tiberias" (1888), "Among the Teachers" (1896); in 1877 he created a series of sketches of the Kremlin cathedrals and palace chambers; at various times he made theatrical scenery. According to his sketches, churches were built in Abramtsevo (in collaboration with V. M. Vasnetsov) and in Bekhov near Tarusa (1906). But Polenov’s landscapes brought him the greatest fame: “Moscow Courtyard” (1878), “Grandmother’s Garden”, “Summer” (both 1879), “Overgrown Pond” (1880), “Golden Autumn” (1893). ), conveying the poetic charm of the corners of urban life and pristine Russian nature.
The artist spent the last years of his life in the Borok estate, where he organized a museum of art and scientific collections. Since 1927, the museum-estate of V. D. Polenov has been operating here.
Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov (1830 - 1897)
The artist was born on May 12 (24), 1830 in Moscow, in the family of a merchant of the 3rd guild, Kondraty Artemyevich Savrasov. Contrary to the wishes of his father, who dreamed of adapting his son to "commercial affairs", the boy entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture in 1844, where he studied in the class of landscape painter K.I. Rabus. During his studies, in 1850, he completed the painting "Stone in the Forest near the Razliv", which art critics consider somewhat clumsy in composition. In the same year, for the painting "View of the Moscow Kremlin in the moonlight" he was awarded the title of non-class artist.
Founding member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (see Wanderers). Romantic effects predominate in S.'s early works (View of the Kremlin in inclement weather, 1851, Tretyakov Gallery).
In the 1850-60s. Savrasov more often turns to calm, narrative images, in a number of cases marked by a desire for color unity in his works (Elk Island in Sokolniki, 1869, ibid.), to enhance the emotional sound of chiaroscuro. The result of these searches was the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" (1871, ibid.), where Savrasov, depicting an outwardly nondescript motif and emphasizing the moment of transition in the life of the natural environment (the onset of early spring), managed to show the deep sincerity of his native nature. Savrasov's subsequent works ("The Country Road", 1873, "The Courtyard", 1870s; "The Grave over the Volga", 1874, private collection, Moscow) also differ in lyrical immediacy, interest in the open air.
Alexei Savrasov, one of the most important representatives of the lyrical movement in the Russian landscape, had a great influence on Russian landscape painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
A.K. has passed away. Savrasov September 26, 1897, was buried in Moscow, at the Vagankovsky cemetery. The alley where he is buried bears his name. His favorite student was Isaac Levitan
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1841-1910)
Born in January 1841 in Mariupol in the family of a shoemaker, of Greek origin. Orphaned, was brought up in a family of relatives. He began to draw early and mastered painting mostly on his own.
In 1855, he went to Feodosia on foot to study with I.K. Aivazovsky. The influence of the famous marine painter on the young Kuindzhi was undeniable. At the end of the 60s. Kuindzhi arrived in St. Petersburg. The artist presented his first works in 1868 at the exhibition of the Academy of Arts and soon firmly established himself as a master of landscape: “Autumn Mudslide” (1872); "The Forgotten Village" (1874); "Chumatsky tract in Mariupol" (1875), etc.
In 1870 he first visited the island of Valaam, where he subsequently painted a lot. According to contemporaries, it was the landscapes created there that attracted the attention of the audience.
The painting "Ukrainian Night" (1876) simply stunned the public and determined the author's special path in art. From her, Kuindzhi began his "pursuit of light" - he sought to achieve a complete illusion of natural lighting. This was manifested to the highest degree in the painting “Night on the Dnieper” (1880) with a sparkling moonlit path, in velvet darkness.
The painter revealed the possibilities of the landscape in a new way, transforming, purifying and elevating reality. He achieved extraordinary intensity and brightness of colors, new color schemes. Characteristic for him are numerous "sunny" paintings and sketches (including "Birch Grove", 1879).
The intense contrast of saturated tones, lighting effects - all this was unusual for 19th-century painting. phenomenon. Misunderstanding of colleagues forced Kuindzhi to refuse to participate in exhibitions at the moment of the highest success. The last time he exhibited his work was in 1882.
The artist lived as a hermit in the Crimea, where he created a series of large canvases and hundreds of sketches, continuing to experiment with paint and color. Among Kuindzhi's late works is his only plot painting "Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane" (1901) and "Night" (1905-1908), breathing with extraordinary harmony.
In 1909, Arkhip Ivanovich founded the Society of Artists (which later received his name), which provided support to people of art. The painter bequeathed to this Society all his fortune and the works that were in the workshop.
Today we present to your attention twenty paintings that are worthy of attention and recognition. These paintings were painted by famous artists, and they should be known not only by the person who is engaged in art, but also by ordinary mortal people, since art paints our life, aesthetics deepens our view of the world. Give art its due place in your life...
1. "The Last Supper". Leonardo Da Vinci, 1495 - 1498
Monumental painting by Leonardo da Vinci depicting the scene of the last meal of Christ with his disciples. Created in the years 1495-1498 in the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.
The painting was commissioned by Leonardo from his patron, Duke Lodovico Sforza and his wife Beatrice d'Este. The coat of arms of Sforza is painted on the lunettes above the painting, formed by a ceiling with three arches. The painting was begun in 1495 and completed in 1498; work was intermittent. The date of commencement of work is not exact, because "the archives of the monastery were destroyed, and an insignificant part of the documents that we have dated 1497, when the painting was almost completed."
The painting became a milestone in the history of the Renaissance: the correctly reproduced depth of perspective changed the direction of development of Western painting.
It is believed that many secrets and hints are hidden in this picture - for example, there is an assumption that the images of Jesus and Judas are written off from one person. When Da Vinci painted the picture, in his vision, Jesus personified goodness, while Judas was pure evil. And when the master found “his Judas” (a drunkard from the street), it turned out that, according to historians, this drunkard had served as a prototype for painting the image of Jesus a few years before. Thus, we can say that this picture captured a person in different periods of his life.
2. "Sunflowers". Vincent van Gogh, 1887
Name of two cycles of paintings by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. The first series was made in Paris in 1887. It is dedicated to lying flowers. The second series was completed a year later, in Arles. She depicts a bouquet of sunflowers in a vase. Two Parisian paintings were acquired by van Gogh's friend Paul Gauguin.
The artist painted sunflowers eleven times. The first four paintings were created in Paris in August-September 1887. Large cut flowers lie like some strange creatures dying before our eyes.
3. "The ninth wave". Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky?, 1850.
One of the most famous paintings by the Russian marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky is kept in the Russian Museum.
The painter depicts the sea after the strongest night storm and people who were shipwrecked. The rays of the sun illuminate the huge waves. The largest of them - the ninth shaft - is ready to fall on people trying to escape on the wreckage of the mast.
Despite the fact that the ship is destroyed and only the mast remains, the people on the mast are alive and continue to fight against the elements. The warm tones of the picture make the sea not so harsh and give the viewer hope that people will be saved.
Created in 1850, the painting "The Ninth Wave" immediately became the most famous of all his marinas and was acquired by Nicholas I.
4. "Nude Maja". Francisco Goya, 1797-1800
Painting by Spanish artist Francisco Goya, painted around 1797-1800. Pairs with the painting "Maja dressed" (La maja vestida). The paintings depict maja - a Spanish townswoman of the 18th-19th centuries, one of the artist's favorite objects of the image. Maja Nude is one of the early works of Western art depicting a completely naked woman without mythological or negative connotations.
5. "Flight of lovers." Marc Chagall, 1914-1918
Work on the painting “Above the City” began in 1914, and the master applied the finishing touches only in 1918. During this time, Bella turned from a beloved not only into an adored spouse, but also the mother of their daughter Ida, forever becoming the main muse of the painter. The union of a rich daughter of a hereditary jeweler and a simple Jewish youth, whose father made a living by unloading herring, can only be called a misalliance, but love was stronger and overcame all conventions. It was this love that inspired them, lifting them to heaven.
Karina depicts Chagall's two loves at once - Bella and dear Vitebsk. The streets are presented in the form of houses, separated by a high dark fence. The viewer will not immediately notice a goat grazing to the left of the center of the picture, and a simple man with his pants down in the foreground - a humor from the painter, breaking out of the general context and romantic mood of the work, but this is the whole Chagall ...
6. "The face of war." Salvador Dali, 1940
Painting by Spanish artist Salvador Dali, painted in 1940.
The painting was created on the way to the USA. Impressed by the tragedy that broke out in the world, the bloodthirstiness of politicians, the master starts work on the ship. Located in the Boijmans-van Beuningen Museum in Rotterdam.
Having lost all hope for a normal life in Europe, the artist leaves his beloved Paris for America. War covers the Old World and seeks to take over the rest of the world. The master does not yet know that staying in the New World for eight years will make him truly famous, and his works - masterpieces of world art.
7. "Scream". Edvard Munch, 1893
The Scream (Norwegian Skrik) is a series of paintings created between 1893 and 1910 by the Norwegian Expressionist painter Edvard Munch. They depict a human figure screaming in despair against a blood-red sky and a highly generalized landscape background. In 1895, Munch created a lithograph on the same subject.
The red, fiery hot sky covered the cold fjord, which, in turn, gives rise to a fantastic shadow, similar to some kind of sea monster. Tension distorts space, lines break, colors don't match, perspective is destroyed.
Many critics believe that the plot of the picture is the fruit of a sick fantasy of a mentally ill person. Someone sees in the work a premonition of an ecological catastrophe, someone solves the question of what kind of mummy inspired the author to do this work.
8. "Girl with a pearl earring." Jan Vermeer, 1665
The painting "Girl with a Pearl Earring" (Dutch. "Het meisje met de parel") was written around 1665. Currently stored in the Mauritshuis Museum, The Hague, the Netherlands, and is the hallmark of the museum. The painting, nicknamed the Dutch Mona Lisa, or Mona Lisa of the North, is written in the Tronie genre.
Thanks to the 2003 film Girl with a Pearl Earring by Peter Webber, a huge number of people who are far from painting have learned about the wonderful Dutch artist Jan Vermeer, as well as his most famous painting, Girl with a Pearl Earring.
9. "Tower of Babel". Pieter Brueghel, 1563
Famous painting by Pieter Brueghel. The artist created at least two paintings on this subject.
The painting is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
There is a story in the Bible about how the inhabitants of Babylon tried to build a high tower in order to reach the sky, but God made them speak different languages, ceased to understand each other, and the tower remained unfinished.
10. "Algerian women." Pablo Picasso, 1955
"Women of Algeria" - a series of 15 paintings created by Picasso in 1954-1955 based on the paintings of Eugene Delacroix; the paintings are distinguished by the letters assigned by the artist from A to O. "Version O" was written on February 14, 1955; for some time it belonged to the famous American art collector of the 20th century, Victor Ganz.
Pablo Picasso's "Women of Algiers (version O)" was sold for $180 million.
11. "New planet". Konstantin Yuon, 1921
Russian Soviet painter, master of landscape, theater artist, art theorist. Academician of the Academy of Arts of the USSR. People's Artist of the USSR. Laureate of the Stalin Prize of the first degree. Member of the CPSU since 1951.
This amazing, created in 1921 and not at all characteristic of the realist artist Yuon, the painting “New Planet” is one of the brightest works that embodied the image of the changes that the October Revolution became in the second decade of the 20th century. A new system, a new way and a new way of thinking of the newly born Soviet society. What awaits humanity now? Bright future? This was not yet thought about then, but the fact that Soviet Russia and the whole world is entering an era of change is obvious, as is the rapid birth of a new planet.
12. "Sistine Madonna". Raphael Santi, 1754
Painting by Raphael, which has been in the Old Masters Gallery in Dresden since 1754. Belongs to the generally recognized peaks of the High Renaissance.
Huge in size (265 × 196 cm, as the size of the painting is indicated in the catalog of the Dresden Gallery) the canvas was created by Raphael for the altar of the church of the monastery of St. Sixtus in Piacenza, commissioned by Pope Julius II. There is a hypothesis that the painting was painted in 1512-1513 in honor of the victory over the French, who invaded Lombardy during the Italian Wars, and the subsequent incorporation of Piacenza into the Papal States.
13. "Penitent Mary Magdalene". Titian (Tiziano Vecellio), painted around 1565
A painting painted around 1565 by the Italian artist Titian Vecellio. Belongs to the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg. Sometimes the date of creation is given as "1560s".
The model of the painting was Giulia Festina, who struck the artist with a shock of golden hair. The finished canvas greatly impressed the Duke of Gonzaga, and he decided to order a copy of it. Later, Titian, changing the background and posing of the woman, painted a couple more similar works.
14. Mona Lisa. Leonardo Da Vinci, 1503-1505
Portrait of Mrs. Lisa del Giocondo, (ital. Ritratto di Monna Lisa del Giocondo) - a painting by Leonardo da Vinci, located in the Louvre (Paris, France), one of the most famous paintings in the world, which is believed to be a portrait of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a silk merchant from Florence, Francesco del Giocondo, painted around 1503-1505 .
According to one of the put forward versions, "Mona Lisa" is a self-portrait of the artist.
15. “Morning in a pine forest”, Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich, 1889.
Painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears, but the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so one painting is often listed as the author.
The idea for the painting was suggested to Shishkin by Savitsky, who later acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of cubs. These bears, with some differences in posture and number (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. The animals turned out so well for Savitsky that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin.
16. "We didn't wait." Ilya Repin, 1884-1888
Painting by Russian artist Ilya Repin (1844-1930), painted in 1884-1888. It is part of the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery.
The painting shown at the 12th traveling exhibition is part of a narrative cycle dedicated to the fate of the Russian populist revolutionary.
17. Ball at the Moulin de la Galette, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1876.
Painting painted by French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1876.
The place where the painting is located is the Musée d'Orsay. The Moulin de la Galette is an inexpensive tavern in Montmartre where the students and working youth of Paris gathered.
18. Starry night. Vincent van Gogh, 1889
De sterrennacht- a painting by the Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, written in June 1889, with a view of the predawn sky over a fictional town from the east window of the artist's dwelling in Saint-Remy-de-Provence. Since 1941 it has been kept at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. It is considered one of Van Gogh's best works and one of the most significant works of Western painting.
19. "Creation of Adam". Michelangelo, 1511.
Fresco by Michelangelo, painted around 1511. The fresco is the fourth of nine central compositions on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The Creation of Adam is one of the most outstanding mural compositions in the Sistine Chapel. In endless space, God the Father flies, surrounded by wingless angels, with a fluttering white tunic. The right hand is extended towards Adam's hand and almost touches it. Lying on a green rock, Adam's body gradually begins to move, awakens to life. The whole composition is concentrated on the gesture of two hands. The hand of God gives the impulse, and the hand of Adam receives it, giving life energy to the whole body. By the fact that their hands do not touch, Michelangelo emphasized the impossibility of connecting the divine and the human. In the image of God, according to the artist, not a miraculous principle prevails, but a gigantic creative energy. In the image of Adam, Michelangelo sings of the strength and beauty of the human body. In fact, it is not the very creation of man that appears before us, but the moment at which he receives a soul, a passionate search for the divine, a thirst for knowledge.
20. "Kiss in the starry sky." Gustav Klimt, 1905-1907
Painting by Austrian artist Gustav Klimt, painted in 1907-1908. The canvas belongs to the period of Klimt's work, called "golden", the last work of the author in his "golden period".
On a rock, on the edge of a flower meadow, in a golden aura, lovers stand completely immersed in each other, fenced off from the whole world. Due to the uncertainty of the place of what is happening, it seems that the couple depicted in the picture is moving into a cosmic state that is not subject to time and space, beyond all historical and social stereotypes and cataclysms. Complete solitude and the man's face turned back only emphasize the impression of isolation and detachment in relation to the observer.
Source - Wikipedia, muzei-mira.com, say-hi.me
