The modern chronology by the world community is conducted according to the Gregorian calendar, which keeps track of the years from the birth of Christ. Prior to this, each significant territorial-ethnic group had its own accounting of dates, there is also a Slavic calendar from the creation of the world, which was in use in Rus' in pre-Petrine times.
The Nativity of Christ was considered the main event that determined the course of world history, it was from him that the countdown of the new era began. What we now call the "old style" of chronology is just an old version of the same Christian calendar, or Julian, which was in use in Russia until 1918. Every year we remember the date according to the “old style” when we celebrate the “old” New Year. The dates of church holidays in Orthodoxy are also determined according to the Julian calendar.
And we also follow the change of years according to the Japanese, Chinese, Thai calendars. This is the heritage of our common human culture and this must be remembered. But why was the chronology and calendar of the Slavs so quickly forgotten?
How was the chronology of the ancient Slavs
The most ancient tradition of the chronology of the Slavic peoples is the Daarisky Krugolet Chislobog, which was in use in Rus' not so long ago. The transition to the new calendar was carried out by the great Russian reformer Peter I, who by decree introduced the beginning of a new calculation starting from January 1, 1700, ordering the introduction of a secular celebration of the New Year. The old calendar was forced out of circulation by force, now it is used only by the Old Believers, who profess the traditions of Ynglism, which is considered the most ancient Slavic-Aryan faith.
The transition to the "European" calendar was beneficial in terms of integration into the European community. But Peter I was a decisive reformer, to speed up the process, he used tough measures, decisively cutting off everything that is now commonly called "remnants of the past." Together with the remnants, five and a half thousand years of our history went into almost oblivion.
That year in Rus' it was Summer 7208 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. ‘’But you need to clearly understand that the Slavic calendar from the creation of the world is not from the mythical or supposed creation of the world by God or the Creator. We are talking about a very real event that took place in the year 5508 BC. In that year, the year of the “Star Temple” according to Krugolet Chisloborg, a peace treaty was signed (“The World was Created”) after the victory of the Power of the Great Race (the territory of modern Russia) over the Empire of the Great Dragon (China). ''
Since those ancient and glorious times, we have inherited a symbol - a rider on a white horse, striking a dragon with a spear, one of the most revered symbols in Rus'. In the Christian tradition, this symbol is associated with the name of St. George the Victorious.
What event is the reckoning from?
A change in the way of reckoning always begins from a significant epochal event. This was the signing of a peace treaty between the two great powers. And how was the reckoning before that? From other early significant events, indicating this event. So, when the third millennium of the New Era began quite recently, then by other references it can be determined as dates, for example:
- 2004 A.D.;
- 7512 years from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple;
- 13012 summer from the Great Cooling;
- 111810 summer from the Great Migration from Daria;
- 142994 summer from the period of the Three Moons;
- 604378 years from the Time of the Three Suns.
With reference to modern chronology and the official historical period, these dates look truly fantastic. But it must be remembered that the ancient cultural heritage of the Earth has written and material monuments, including the Slavic-Aryan Vedas, which mention even longer historical periods of time.
To take them literally or to try to recalculate them for today's chronology, taking into account the (possible) change in the period of the Earth's revolution or the tilt of its axis, is a matter of archaeological and paleo-astronomical research.
What is the role of Cyril and Methodius
Keeping a calendar, quite obviously, is possible only in writing. Otherwise, it is impossible to transfer such a voluminous array of information. Writing in Rus', of course, also existed in pre-Petrine times, and Peter, shortly after the reform of the calendar, undertook a reform of writing. But we are interested in writing before the period of Cyril and Methodius. The role of the Greek monks in this case is very likely somewhat overestimated. Their task was to simplify and universalize the distribution of biblical texts, they coped with this by reworking the ancient Slavic alphabet, removing unique diphthongs and adding ancient Greek characters.
As for the calendar, in the Slavic chronology, letters were used to write numbers. ‘’ Now most Slavic peoples have their own nuances in the spelling and pronunciation of symbols, but the “birthday of Slavic writing”, associated with the annual days of “Cyril and Methodius”, would be more correct to call it differently. After all, Slavic writing existed even before, and their merit, as reformers, was rather in an attempt to unite the Slavic peoples that had been separated by that time. ''
Old Slavic calculus in modern times
History, as you know, does not accept the subjunctive mood. It is impossible to talk about what happened, and how the circle would have turned, if Peter had not cut off decisively all the age-old Slavic traditions and destroyed the ancient calendar of the Slavs. There is an opinion that the calculation of events that occurred before 1700 should be carried out according to the system of calculation in which they occurred.
Or with an additional date, as, for example, is still used when dating events before 1918 (reform to switch to the Gregorian calendar). At least, this could be indicated in the history books or specialized literature. Some significant dates for example:
- The battle on the ice on Lake Peipsi took place in 1242, and in Rus' at that time the summer of 6759 was going on;
- The baptism of Kyiv is attributed to the year 988 AD, while the summer of 6496 was going on.
This does not mean at all that all dates should be recalculated in the era from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple, but you need to remember your cultural heritage and be proud of it.
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(today is the 319th anniversary)
Detailed description:
The history of the calendar is quite long and confusing. The modern chronology originates from the ancient Roman Julian calendar, introduced on January 1, 45 BC by Julius Caesar.
In the 7th century from the birth of Christ, March 1, 5508 BC (the creation of Adam by the Lord God) was taken as a reference point. This is how the calendar of the Orthodox Byzantine era "from the Creation of the world" appeared. As a result, from the year 988, from the moment of the Baptism of Rus' by the Grand Duke of Kyiv Vladimir the Holy, and for almost 500 years, March 1 was considered the beginning of the year.
In 1492, by decree of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, the beginning of the year was officially postponed to September 1. This state of affairs continued for 200 years. The last time in this reckoning Russia celebrated the new year on September 1, 2208. After that, on December 19, 7208, Peter I signed a nominal decree, according to which the new year was counted from January 1, and the chronology instead of "from the Creation of the world" is considered "from the Nativity of Christ." The year 1700 began "from the Nativity of the Lord God and our Savior Jesus Christ."
In the history of Russia, 1699 turned out to be the shortest year - it consisted of only four months.
But the Julian calendar has its drawbacks - one extra day accumulates every 128 years, so in the middle of the 20th century almost all countries used the Gregorian calendar. In Russia, the Gregorian calendar came into use in 1918. In accordance with it, an amendment was introduced for 13 days. For simplicity, the period of calculation according to the Julian calendar began to be called the "old style", and according to the Gregorian - the "new style". The difference between the old and new styles is 11 days for the 18th century, 12 days for the 19th century and 13 days for the 20th century. The days of the week in the calendars are the same
In Russia, the Julian calendar is followed by the Russian Orthodox Church.
Since by this time the difference between the old and new styles was 13 days, the decree ordered that after January 31, 1918, not February 1, but February 14 be counted. By the same decree, until July 1, 1918, after the number of each day according to the new style, in brackets, write the number according to the old style: February 14 (1), February 15 (2), etc.
From the history of chronology in Russia.
The ancient Slavs, like many other peoples, initially based their calendar on the period of change in the lunar phases. But already by the time of the adoption of Christianity, that is, by the end of the tenth century. n. e., Ancient Rus' used the lunisolar calendar.
Calendar of the ancient Slavs. It was not finally possible to establish what the calendar of the ancient Slavs was. It is only known that initially time was counted according to the seasons. Probably, the 12-month lunar calendar was also used at that time. In later times, the Slavs switched to the lunisolar calendar, in which an additional 13th month was inserted seven times every 19 years.
The oldest monuments of Russian writing show that the months had purely Slavic names, the origin of which was closely connected with natural phenomena. At the same time, the same months, depending on the climate of those places in which different tribes lived, received different names. So, January was called where the cross section (the time of deforestation), where it was blue (after the winter cloudiness, a blue sky appeared), where it was jelly (because it became cold, cold), etc .; February - cut, snow or fierce (severe frosts); March - berezosol (there are several interpretations here: birch begins to bloom; they took sap from birches; burned birch on coal), dry (the poorest in precipitation in ancient Kievan Rus, in some places the earth was already drying up, sokovik (a reminder of birch sap); April - pollen (flowering gardens), birch (beginning of birch flowering), oak tree, oak tree, etc.; May - grass (grass turns green), summer, pollen; June - worm (cherries turn red), isok (grasshoppers chirp - "isoki ”), milky; July - Lipets (linden blossom), worm (in the north, where phenological phenomena are late), sickle (from the word “sickle”, indicating harvest time); August - sickle, stubble, glow (from the verb “roar "- the roar of deer, or from the word "glow" - cold dawns, and possibly from "pazori" - polar lights); September - veresen (heather bloom); ruen (from the Slavic root of the word meaning tree, giving yellow paint); october - leaf fall, "pazdernik" or "kastrychnik" (pazders - hemp bonfires, the name for the south of Russia); November - breast (from the word "pile" - a frozen rut on the road), leaf fall (in the south of Russia); December - jelly, breast, blueberry.
The year began on March 1, and from about that time they started agricultural work.
Many of the ancient names of the months later passed into a number of Slavic languages and have largely survived in some modern languages, in particular in Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish.
At the end of the tenth century Ancient Rus' adopted Christianity. At the same time, the chronology used by the Romans passed to us - the Julian calendar (based on the solar year), with the Roman names of the months and the seven-day week. The account of years in it was conducted from the "creation of the world", which allegedly occurred 5508 years before our reckoning. This date - one of the many options for eras from the "creation of the world" - was adopted in the 7th century. in Greece and has long been used by the Orthodox Church.
For many centuries, March 1 was considered the beginning of the year, but in 1492, in accordance with church tradition, the beginning of the year was officially moved to September 1 and was celebrated this way for more than two hundred years. However, a few months after the Muscovites celebrated their regular New Year on September 1, 7208, they had to repeat the celebration. This happened because on December 19, 7208, a personal decree of Peter I was signed and promulgated on the reform of the calendar in Russia, according to which a new beginning of the year was introduced - from January 1 and a new era - the Christian chronology (from the "Christmas").
Petrovsky's decree was called: "On writing henceforth Genvar from the 1st of 1700 in all papers of the summer from the Nativity of Christ, and not from the creation of the world." Therefore, the decree ordered the day after December 31, 7208 from the “creation of the world” to be considered January 1, 1700 from the “Christmas”. In order for the reform to be adopted without complications, the decree ended with a prudent clause: “And if anyone wants to write both those years, from the creation of the world and from the Nativity of Christ, in a row freely.”
Meeting of the first civil New Year in Moscow. The day after the announcement on Red Square in Moscow of the decree of Peter I on the reform of the calendar, i.e. December 20, 7208, a new decree of the tsar was announced - "On the celebration of the New Year." Considering that January 1, 1700 is not only the beginning of a new year, but also the beginning of a new century (Here a significant mistake was made in the decree: 1700 is the last year of the 17th century, and not the first year of the 18th century. The new century began on January 1 1701. A mistake that is sometimes repeated even today.), the decree ordered to celebrate this event with special solemnity. It gave detailed instructions on how to organize a holiday in Moscow. On New Year's Eve, Peter I himself lit the first rocket on Red Square, thus signaling the opening of the holiday. The streets were illuminated with illumination. The ringing of bells and cannon fire began, the sounds of trumpets and timpani were heard. The king congratulated the population of the capital on the New Year, the festivities continued all night. Multi-colored rockets flew up from the courtyards into the dark winter sky, and “along the large streets, where there is space,” fires burned - bonfires and tar barrels attached to poles.
The houses of the inhabitants of the wooden capital were dressed up in needles “from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper”. For a whole week the houses stood decorated, and at nightfall the lights were lit. Shooting "from small cannons and from muskets or other small weapons", as well as launching "rockets" were entrusted to people "who do not count gold." And the “meager people” were offered “everyone, at least a tree or a branch on the gate or over his temple.” Since that time, the custom has been established in our country every year on January 1 to celebrate New Year's Day.
After 1918, there were more calendar reforms in the USSR. In the period from 1929 to 1940, calendar reforms were carried out in our country three times, caused by production needs. Thus, on August 26, 1929, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR", in which it was recognized as necessary from the 1929-1930 financial year to begin a systematic and consistent transfer of enterprises and institutions to continuous production. In the autumn of 1929, a gradual transition to "continuous work" began, which ended in the spring of 1930 after the publication of a resolution by a special government commission under the Council of Labor and Defense. This resolution introduced a single production time sheet-calendar. The calendar year provided for 360 days, i.e. 72 five-day periods. It was decided to consider the remaining 5 days as holidays. Unlike the ancient Egyptian calendar, they were not located all together at the end of the year, but were timed to coincide with Soviet memorable days and revolutionary holidays: January 22, May 1 and 2, and November 7 and 8.
The employees of each enterprise and institution were divided into 5 groups, and each group was given a day of rest every five days for the whole year. This meant that after four days of work there was a day of rest. After the introduction of the "continuity" there was no need for a seven-day week, since days off could fall not only on different days of the month, but also on different days of the week.
However, this calendar did not last long. Already on November 21, 1931, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On the Intermittent Production Week in Institutions", which allowed the people's commissariats and other institutions to switch to a six-day interrupted production week. For them, regular days off were set on the following dates of the month: 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30. At the end of February, the day off fell on the last day of the month or was postponed to March 1. In those months that contained but 31 days, the last day of the month was considered a full month and paid separately. The decree on the transition to a discontinuous six-day week came into force on December 1, 1931.
Both the five-day and six-day days completely broke the traditional seven-day week with a common day off on Sunday. The six-day week was used for about nine years. Only on June 26, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the transition to an eight-hour working day, to a seven-day working week and on the prohibition of unauthorized departure of workers and employees from enterprises and institutions", In the development of this decree, on June 27, 1940, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted the resolution, in which he established that “beyond Sundays, non-working days are also:
January 22, May 1 and 2, November 7 and 8, December 5. The same decree abolished the six special days of rest and non-working days that existed in rural areas on March 12 (Day of the overthrow of the autocracy) and March 18 (Day of the Paris Commune).
On March 7, 1967, the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions adopted a resolution “On the transfer of workers and employees of enterprises, institutions and organizations to a five-day work week with two days off”, but this reform did not in any way concern the structure of the modern calendar.
But the most interesting thing is that the passions do not subside. The next round happens already in our new time. Sergey Baburin, Viktor Alksnis, Irina Savelyeva and Alexander Fomenko submitted a bill to the State Duma in 2007 - on the transition of Russia from January 1, 2008 to the Julian calendar. In the explanatory note, the deputies noted that "the world calendar does not exist" and proposed to establish a transitional period from December 31, 2007, when within 13 days the chronology will be carried out simultaneously according to two calendars at once. Only four deputies took part in the voting. Three are against, one is for. There were no abstentions. The rest of the elect ignored the vote.
People have always wanted to remember their past. With the advent of writing, it became necessary to keep a chronology.
The very first and natural unit of measurement was the earth day. Observation of the moon helped to establish that one lunar phase lasts an average of 30 days. And after 12 lunar phases, the repetition of the first begins. Calendars based on the observation of the moon appeared among many peoples, and although they were inaccurate, they allowed chronology to be kept.
It remains to understand from what point to start the countdown. Most often, some important event in the era of the people was taken as the beginning of the chronology. Such intervals became known as eras. For example, the beginning of the reign of a new leader (the Seleucid era - among the inhabitants of the Seleucid state during the accession to the throne of Seleucus), the founding of a new city (the era from the founding of Rome - among the Romans) or simply a significant event (the era from the first Olympic Games - among the Greeks).
Another way of reckoning was a sequence of events. It can be represented as follows: ruler X ascended the throne 3 years after the failure of the wheat harvest; 5 years after the beginning of the reign of X, the state was raided by barbarians, etc.
Almost every state had its own chronology. With the development of trade and science in Europe, it became necessary to create a single calendar for Christian countries. In 525, the Roman abbot Dionysius the Small proposed a new system of reckoning from the Nativity of Christ. At first, the ideas of the abbot were not popular, and each country continued to keep the chronology in its own way, but centuries later, at the end of the 10th century, many European countries began to switch to the calendar proposed by Dionysius. Now any date began to be written with an addition “from the Nativity of Christ” or “from R.Kh.). The final ordering of the calendar occurred during the Renaissance, when the term "before the birth of Christ" was introduced. This greatly facilitated and systematized the chronology of world events. Already closer to the 20th century, the religious phrase "from the birth of Christ" was replaced by the phrase "our era" and the chronology acquired a modern version.
It turns out that modern humanity is reckoning by era, that is, it uses the same methods used by our distant ancestors. Only now we have a more accurate astronomical calendar, and the reference point of the chronology is the same for all countries.
This is interesting: in Russia, the transition to the chronology "from R.Kh." happened by historical standards quite recently - in 1700 by decree of PeterI. Prior to this, the chronology of events was conducted according to the Constantinople era, which began its countdown from 5509 BC. It turns out that according to the Old Believer calendar now (for 2015) the year is 7524. According to the results of the last census, there are 400,000 Old Believers in Russia.
We need to remember our history and go our own way.
Currently, we use the dating of the years from the birth of Christ and the Gregorian calendar.
The Julian calendar, the so-called "old style", is not forgotten either. Every year in January we remember him when we celebrate the "old" New Year. Also, the media carefully reminds of the change of years according to the Chinese, Japanese, Thai and other calendars.
Of course, this expands our horizons. Let's expand our horizons.
But, in order to make our horizons even wider, let's touch on the ancient tradition of the chronology of the Slavic peoples - the Daariian Krugolet of Chislobog, according to which our Ancestors lived not so long ago.
Now this calendar is used only by the Old Believers - representatives of the most ancient Slavic-Aryan Faith - Ynglism.
The widespread use of our ancient calendar ceased a little over 300 years ago, when Tsar Peter 1, by his Decree, introduced a foreign calendar on the territory of Rus' and ordered on the night of January 1 to celebrate the onset of the year 1700 from the birth of Jesus Christ. The calendar reform stole (at least) 5500 years of our stories.
And in Rus' at that time it was Summer 7208 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple.
But it does not say at all that the emperor did not just change the calendar, he actually “stole”, at least (!). five and a half thousand years of our true history.
After all, the event from which the years were counted - the Creation of the World in the Star Temple (5508 BC) did not mean the creation of the universe by the biblical god at all, but literally; the signing of a peace treaty in the year of the Star Temple for the Krugolet of Chislobog after the victory of the Power of the Great Race (in the modern sense - Russia) over the empire of the Great Dragon (in the modern - China).
By the way, the symbolic image of a rider on a white horse slaying a dragon, known in Christian tradition as George the Victorious, actually symbolizes just this victory.
That is why this symbol has long been so widespread and revered in Rus' among the Slavic-Aryan peoples.
From what events was the reckoning?
A natural question arises: what event was the reckoning from before the Creation of the World in the Star Temple?
The answer is obvious - from an earlier significant event.
Moreover, counting of years from different events could be carried out in parallel. That is how, with the mention of several time periods, the ancient chronicles began.
For example, here are a few dates of the current 2016 from RX:
Summer 7524 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple
Summer 13024 from the Great Cooling
Summer 44560 from the Creation of the Great Kolo Rasseniya
Summer 106794 from the Founding of Asgard of Iria
Summer 111822 from the Great Migration from Daaria
Summer 143006 from the period of the Three Moons
Summer 153382 by Assa Dei
Summer 185782 from Thule Time
Summer 604390 from the Time of Three Suns, etc.
Obviously, in the context of the modern "official" chronology, these dates look simply fantastic,
But for an independently thinking person who is interested in the ancient cultural heritage of the peoples of the Earth, such “gaps of years” do not look so frightening.
Indeed, not only in the Slavic-Aryan Vedas, but also in quite a few written monuments that have come down to us throughout the Earth, even much longer periods of historical time are mentioned,
Unbiased archaeological and paleo-astronomical studies point to the same facts.
It will also be very interesting to remember that in pre-Petrine times in Rus', not numbers were used to designate numerical values, as is now customary, but titled letters, i.e. Slavic letters with service symbols.
What did Cyril and Methodius "fix"?
And since the calendar is a written tradition (try to orally maintain and pass on such a complex and dynamic array of information from generation to generation), it is obvious that before the time of Peter I, writing in Rus' already existed, at least (!) Seven over a thousand years.
However, it is believed that writing was “invented” especially for us, “illiterates”, by two Greek monks Cyril and Methodius, who only added a few Greek letters to our alphabet instead of diphthongs they did not understand.
And, modestly speaking, the ever-increasing pomposity during the annual "Cyril and Methodius" and "birthdays" of "Slavic" writing is surprising. At the present time, since we use the modern calendar (from AD), it would be more correct to use it only for the events of the last three hundred years.
And more ancient events, for a clear understanding of their essence, must be dated in the system of chronology that was used before 1700. Otherwise, a misinterpretation of our history, culture, traditions and customs is possible.
It is sincerely regrettable that the dating of pre-Petrine events in modern textbooks,
For example, the year 1242 is called the year of the Battle on the Ice on Lake Peipsi, and at that time it was 6750 in Rus'.
Or, for example, the year 988 from the birth of Jesus Christ is considered the year of the baptism of Kyiv.
But in Kyiv then they celebrated Summer 6496 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple.
Brothers and sisters, let's remember our past, look for it if evil minds hide it from us on purpose.
Slavs are a great race.
