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Reading the first stanza:

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, my lovely friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open eyes closed by bliss
Towards the northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

Let's pay attention to the 4th-6th lines. They contain not only "dark" words, although their obscurity may not be noticed, but also two now obsolete archaic facts of grammar. First, don't we be surprised by the phrase open ... eyes? After all, now you can only cast your eyes, direct your eyes, lower your eyes, but not open. Here the noun gaze has the old meaning of "eyes". The word gaze with such a meaning is constantly found in the artistic speech of the first half of the 19th century. Of unconditional interest here is the participle "closed". A short participle, as you know, in a sentence is always a predicate. But then, where is the subject to which it refers? In terms of meaning, the word somknuty clearly gravitates towards the noun eyes, but it is (reveal what?) An undoubted direct object. So "closed" is the definition of the word "eyes".

But why then are closed, and not closed? Before us is the so-called truncated participle, which, like the truncated adjective, was one of the favorite poetic liberties of poets of the 18th - first half of the 19th century.

Now let's touch on one more word in this line. This is the noun "nega". It is also uninteresting. In the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, it is interpreted: “Nega - i.zh. (obsolete) 1. Complete contentment. Live in bliss. 2. Bliss, a pleasant state. Surrender to bliss.

"Pushkin's Dictionary of Language" notes along with this the following meanings: "State of serene peace" and "sensual ecstasy, pleasure." The word nega does not correspond to the listed meanings in the poem in question. In this case, it is best to translate it into modern Russian with the word sleep, since sleep is the most complete "state of serene peace."

Let's go down the line. Here, too, linguistic facts await us, requiring clarification. There are two of them. First, it is the word Aurora. As a proper name, it begins with a capital letter, but in its meaning it acts here as a common noun: the Latin name of the goddess of the morning dawn names the dawn itself. Secondly, its grammatical form. Indeed, now, after the preposition towards, the dative case of the noun follows, and according to modern rules it should be “Towards the northern Aurora”. And the genitive case is Aurora. This is not a typo or a mistake, but now an outdated archaic form. Previously, the preposition to meet required after itself a noun in the form of the genitive case. For Pushkin and his contemporaries, this was the norm.

Let's say a few words about the phrase "Be the star of the north." The word star (of the north) here denotes the most worthy woman of St. Petersburg, and is not used in its direct meaning - a celestial body.

Second stanza

Evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
In the cloudy sky, a haze hovered;
The moon is like a pale spot
Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds,
And you sat sad -
And now ... look out the window:

Here we will pay attention to the words evening and haze. We know that the word evening means last night. In common usage, the word haze means now darkness, gloom. The poet uses this word in the meaning of "thick snow, hiding in the fog, like a kind of veil, everything around."

Third stanza

Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Shining in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.

The third stanza of the poem is distinguished by linguistic transparency. There is nothing outdated in it, and it does not need any explanation.

4 and 5 stanzas

The whole room amber gleam
Enlightened. Cheerful crackling
The fired oven crackles.
It's nice to think by the couch.
But you know: do not order to the sled
Ban the brown filly?

Gliding through the morning snow
Dear friend, let's run
impatient horse
And visit the empty fields
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

There are linguistic "specialities" here. Here the poet says: "It's nice to think by the couch."

Analysis of obscure words and expressions

Here the poet says: "It's nice to think by the couch." Do you understand this proposal? It turns out not. The word bed prevents us here. Bed - a low (at the level of a modern bed) ledge near the Russian stove, on which, basking, they rested or slept.

At the very end of this stanza, the word forbid sounds strange and unusual instead of the normative, correct modern harness from the verb harness. At the time, both forms existed on an equal footing, and, undoubtedly, the form “forbid” appeared here in Pushkin for rhyming as a fact of poetic liberty, which was due to the word oven standing above.

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, my lovely friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open eyes closed by bliss
Towards the northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

Evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
In the cloudy sky, a haze hovered;
The moon is like a pale spot
Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds,
And you sat sad -
And now ... look out the window:

Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Shining in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.

The whole room amber gleam
Enlightened. Cheerful crackling
The fired oven crackles.
It's nice to think by the couch.
But you know: do not order to the sled
Ban the brown filly?

Gliding through the morning snow
Dear friend, let's run
impatient horse
And visit the empty fields
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

Listen to A.S. Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning". Here is how Igor Kvasha performs this poem.

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "Winter Morning"

A poem by A.S. Pushkin's "Winter Morning" conveys the bright sensations of a clear winter landscape, which clearly echoes the mood and feelings of the author. The lyrical hero picturesquely draws pictures of nature in a dialogue with a girl. Through vivid images of nature, the poet conveys feelings for a beautiful lady.

Composition

The beginning of the poem is an appeal to a girl for whom the poet has tender feelings. This is evidenced by the appeals “charming friend”, “beauty”, “dear friend”, “eyes closed with negligence”.

Next comes the opposition in the description of yesterday, when "the blizzard was angry." The fury of the storm is echoed by the haze that "wandered" and the paleness of the moon. The element of nature is described in dark colors, which also express the sadness of the heroine the day before. This reference to the previous gloomy picture makes it even brighter and brighter to describe the gentle winter morning with sparkling snow, the brilliance of the river and bright sunlight. A bright spot in this serene rural landscape is only a blackening forest.

But suddenly there is a dynamic in the presented picture, when the hero offers to harness the sleigh and "indulge in the run of an impatient horse."
The poem ends with a bright declaration of love for his native land, for which the author has feelings no less than for his beloved woman.

Size

Vivacity and dynamics of the work gives the size. A.S. Pushkin used iambic tetrameter to convey the swift flight of the hero's thoughts and high spirits.

The rhythm of the poem sets the alternation of rhyme: the first lines end with a feminine rhyme, then a masculine rhyme is used and the stanza also ends with a masculine stressed syllable.

Images and epithets

Swiftness, vivacity and clarity are the main moods that the poet conveys. The reader immediately gets into the situation: “Frost and sun; wonderful day!” A sharp change in the picture - in the second stanza with a description of the evening blizzard. To describe the elements, the poet used metaphors, transferring human features to the forces of nature: a blizzard is angry, darkness is rushing about, the moon is turning gloomy yellow.

A bright stroke in the overall picture is the opposition of the moon and the image of the beloved woman, who the day before was also “sadly sitting”. The author does not even need to convey the pallor of the girl - the associative thinking of the reader immediately draws a parallel with the pallor of the moon.

The third stanza describes a bright, shiny fine morning. Snow lies in “carpets”. The brightness of the winter morning is such that even the black forest is transparent. And the firs glisten through the frost.

In the description of home comfort - a vivid example of the use of alliteration. The poet uses words saturated with voiceless and abrupt voiced consonants. Due to this, when reading, it would seem that crackling of firewood in the oven is heard.

And the last lines of the work are filled with special lyrics. The author expresses special love for his native land with the word “dear”, the forests are “dense”, the fields are “empty” in winter.

The whole poem is permeated with a clear and cheerful feeling of happiness. In it - love for a woman, bright juicy colors in landscapes, joyful admiration of the nature of his native land.

High words, bookish style give special elevation to the lines. Spiritualization and special admiration is expressed with the help of the words "Aurora", "enlightenment", "charming friend", "bliss".

Freshness, purity and romance permeate every stanza of the work. "Winter morning" A.S. Pushkin is a vivid example of the consonance of poetic art and painting.

Romance on poems by A. S. Pushkin "Winter Morning". Performed by Kostya Egorov.

Frost and sun; wonderful day! You are still dozing, my lovely friend - It's time, beauty, wake up: Open your eyes closed by bliss Towards the northern Aurora, Appear as the star of the north! Evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry, In the cloudy sky, the haze swept; The moon, like a pale spot, Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds, And you sat sad - And now ... look out the window: Under blue skies With magnificent carpets, Shining in the sun, the snow lies; The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the hoarfrost, And the river glistens under the ice. The whole room is illuminated with amber brilliance. Cheerful crackling The flooded stove cracks. It's nice to think by the couch. But you know: shouldn't you order the Brown Filly to the sled? Gliding through the morning snow, Dear friend, let us give in to the run of the impatient horse And visit the empty fields, The forests, recently so thick, And the shore, dear to me.

"Winter Morning" is one of Pushkin's brightest and most joyful works. The poem is written in iambic tetrameter, which Pushkin resorted to quite often in those cases when he wanted to give his poems a special sophistication and lightness.

From the first lines, the duet of frost and sun creates an unusually festive and optimistic mood. To enhance the effect, the poet builds his work on contrast, mentioning that yesterday “the blizzard was angry” and “darkness hovered in the cloudy sky.” Perhaps, each of us is well aware of such metamorphoses, when in the midst of winter, endless snowfalls are replaced by a sunny and clear morning filled with silence and inexplicable beauty.

On such days, it is simply a sin to sit at home, no matter how comfortably the fire crackles in the fireplace. Especially if amazingly beautiful landscapes stretch outside the window - a river shining under the ice, forests and meadows powdered with snow, which resemble a snow-white blanket woven by someone's skillful hand.

Each line of the verse is literally permeated with freshness and purity, as well as admiration and admiration for the beauty of the native land, which never ceases to amaze the poet at any time of the year. There is no pretentiousness and restraint in the verse, but at the same time, each line is permeated with warmth, grace and harmony. In addition, simple pleasures in the form of a toboggan ride bring true happiness and help to fully experience all the greatness of Russian nature, changeable, luxurious and unpredictable. Even in the contrasting description of bad weather, which is intended to emphasize the freshness and brightness of a sunny winter morning, there is no usual thickening of colors: a snow storm is presented as a fleeting phenomenon that is not able to overshadow the expectations of a new day filled with majestic calm.

At the same time, the author himself never ceases to be surprised at such dramatic changes that occurred in just one night. As if nature itself acted as a tamer of an insidious blizzard, forcing it to change its anger to mercy and, thereby, gave people an amazingly beautiful morning filled with frosty freshness, the creak of fluffy snow, the ringing silence of the silent snowy plains and the charm of the sun's rays, iridescent with all colors rainbows in frosty window patterns.

A poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Morning"

READ AGAIN

Irina RUDENKO,
Magnitogorsk

A poem by A.S. Pushkin "Winter Morning"

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, my lovely friend!

These lines are familiar to us from elementary school. And every time, rereading the poem, we never cease to admire the skill of the poet. The author wants to convey the feeling of joy, boundless happiness to the reader.

The poem is saturated with emotional and evaluative definitions: “a day wonderful", "Friend charming”, “carpets magnificent", "Friend Cute", "shore Cute". "Life is Beautiful!" - as if the poet wants to say.

In the second stanza, the sound composition changes: the howling of the blizzard is helped by sonorant nasals [l] and [n] in combination with vowels. The emotional mood also changes: “cloudy sky”, “pale spot” of the moon, “gloomy clouds” cause the heroine’s sadness. Yesterday's gloomy and dreary evening is contrasted with today's joyful morning: “Evening ... and now ... look out the window ...” With the last line of this stanza, the author returns the reader to the present, to an atmosphere of happiness. But could we appreciate all the beauty of the morning if it were not for the gloomy, sad evening?

The third stanza is a winter landscape. Russian winter is not rich in colors, but the picture created by the poet is saturated with color: it is blue (“under blue skies”), and black (“one transparent forest turns black”), and green (“spruce turns green through the frost”). Everything sparkles, shines outside the window; in the stanza, the same-root words “shining” and “glittering” are repeated twice:

Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
shining in the sun, snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.

The third and fourth stanzas are connected with the word "brilliance":

The whole room amber gleam
Enlightened.

Only this shine is no longer cold, wintery, but warm, golden brown, amber. In the third stanza, no sounds are heard (probably because the hero of the poem is in the house and sees the winter landscape from the window), but in the fourth stanza we clearly hear the crackling of a flooded stove. The tautology “crackling crackling” is artistically justified.

However, the third and fourth stanzas are not opposed. I recall the lines of B. Pasternak, which appeared more than a hundred years after Pushkin's poem:

Melo, melo all over the earth
To all limits.
The candle burned on the table
The candle was burning.

Here we see that the ominous outside world is opposed to the bright world at home. In Pushkin's poem, everything is equally beautiful: both the magnificent picture outside the window and the cozy home environment:

It's nice to think by the couch.
But you know, do not order to the sled
Ban the brown filly?

Life is amazing because there is harmony in it. This idea is already expressed in the first line of the poem. The day is wonderful due to the harmonious coexistence of frost and solar heat, light. A person cannot fully enjoy a joyful sunny morning if there has never been a gloomy, dreary evening in his life; cannot feel the freshness of a frosty day if he has never felt the warmth of a flooded stove, cannot experience the happiness of awakening if he has never been immersed in the bliss of sleep. Imperative verbs (“wake up”, “open”, “appear”, “look”) in the first and second stanzas urge the reader to feel the fullness of life. We will feel the harmony of life, and then the cloudy sky will surely turn into blue skies, the snow flakes swirling in an evil blizzard will become “magnificent carpets”, the lonely blackening “transparent forest” will again be dense, and the brown filly will turn into an “impatient horse”.

Poems by A.S. Pushkin about winter - an excellent tool to look at the snowy and cold weather with different eyes, to see in it the beauty that gray everyday life and dirty streets hide from us. After all, it was not in vain that they said that nature does not have bad weather.

Painting by Viktor Grigoryevich Tsyplakov “Frost and Sun”

WINTER MORNING

Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, my lovely friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open eyes closed by bliss
Towards the northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!

Evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
In the cloudy sky, a haze hovered;
The moon is like a pale spot
Turned yellow through the gloomy clouds,
And you sat sad -
And now ... look out the window:

Under blue skies
splendid carpets,
Shining in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river under the ice glitters.

The whole room amber gleam
Enlightened. Cheerful crackling
The fired oven crackles.
It's nice to think by the couch.
But you know: do not order to the sled
Harness a brown filly?

Gliding through the morning snow
Dear friend, let's run
impatient horse
And visit the empty fields
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.

Painting by Alexei Savrasov "Courtyard. Winter"

WINTER EVENING

A storm covers the sky with mist,
Whirlwinds of snow twisting;
Like a beast, she will howl
It will cry like a child
That on a dilapidated roof
Suddenly the straw will rustle,
Like a belated traveler
There will be a knock on our window.

Our ramshackle shack
And sad and dark.
What are you, my old lady,
Silent at the window?
Or howling storms
You, my friend, are tired
Or slumber under the buzz
Your spindle?

Let's drink, good friend
My poor youth
Let's drink from grief; where is the mug?
The heart will be happy.
Sing me a song like a titmouse
She lived quietly across the sea;
Sing me a song like a damsel
She followed the water in the morning.

A storm covers the sky with mist,
Whirlwinds of snow twisting;
Like a beast, she will howl
It will cry like a child.
Let's drink, good friend
My poor youth
Let's drink from grief: where is the mug?
The heart will be happy.

Painting by Alexei Savrasov "Winter Road"

Here is the north, catching up the clouds ...

Here is the north, catching up the clouds,
He breathed, howled - and here she is
The magic winter is coming
Came, crumbled; shreds
Hanging on the branches of oaks,
She lay down with wavy carpets
Among the fields around the hills.
A shore with a motionless river
Leveled with a plump veil;
Frost flashed, and we are glad
Leprosy mother winter.

Painting by Gustave Courbet "Outskirts of the village in winter"

WINTER!... THE PEASANT IS CELEBRATING... (Excerpt from the poem "Eugene Onegin")

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window.

Painting by Isaac Brodsky "Winter"

WINTER ROAD

Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.

On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Bell is monophonic
Tiring noise.

Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...

Painting by Nikolai Krymov "Winter Evening"

THE AUTUMN WEATHER THAT YEAR

That year the autumn weather
She stood outside for a long time.
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting,
Snow fell only in January,
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatyana saw in the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything shines around.