home
Proper nutrition
Material on the topic: “Masters of folk arts and crafts of the Morkinskaya side. Master class in arts and crafts for teachers of additional education with video Wide scope of activity

Material on the topic: “Masters of folk arts and crafts of the Morkinskaya side. Master class in arts and crafts for teachers of additional education with video Wide scope of activity

24.06.2019

Tuesday, February 15, 2011 10:20 am + to quote pad

The article was written based on the materials of the site "Country of Masters" (mostly).

Studying the recently discovered site "Country of Masters" and never ceasing to be surprised and admired by the variety of applied art techniques and the talent of our people, I decided to systematize the techniques.
The list will be updated as new techniques are discovered.

* Techniques related to the use of paper:

1. Iris folding ("Rainbow folding") - paper folding technique. Appeared in Holland. The technique requires attention and accuracy, but at the same time it allows you to easily make spectacular postcards or decorate the pages of a memorable album (scrapbooking) with interesting decorative elements.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/776

2. Paper plastics in terms of creativity is very similar to sculpture. But, in paper plastic, all products are empty inside, all products are shells of the depicted object. And in sculpture, either the volume is increased with additional elements, or the excess is removed (cut off).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/462

3. Corrugated tubes - this is the name of the technique for making products, in which corrugated paper tubes are used to decorate surfaces or to create three-dimensional figures. Corrugated tubes are obtained by winding a strip of paper on a stick, pencil or knitting needle, followed by compression. The compressed corrugated tube holds its shape well and has many options for execution and use.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1492

4. Quilling (from the English quilling - from the word quil "bird feather") - the art of paper rolling. It originated in medieval Europe, where nuns created medallions by twisting paper strips with gilded edges on the tip of a bird's feather, which created an imitation of a gold miniature.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/587
http://stranamasterov.ru/node/1364

4. Origami (from Japanese letters: “folded paper”) is the ancient art of folding paper figures. The art of origami has its roots in ancient China, where paper was discovered.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/560
Kinds:
- Kirigami - a type of origami that allows the use of scissors and paper cutting in the process of making a model. This is the main difference between kirigami and other paper folding techniques, which is emphasized in the name: kiru - cut, kami - paper.
Pop-up is a whole trend in art. This technique combines elements of techniques.
- Kirigami and Cutouts and allows you to create three-dimensional designs and postcards that fold into a flat figure.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1723
- Kusudama (Japanese: "medicine ball") - a paper model, which is usually (but not always) formed by sewing together the ends of many identical pyramidal modules (usually stylized flowers folded from a square sheet of paper), so that a spherical body is obtained forms. Alternatively, individual components can be glued together (for example, the kusudama in the bottom photo is completely glued, not sewn). Sometimes, as a decoration, a tassel is attached from below.
The art of kusudama comes from an ancient Japanese tradition where kusudama was used for incense and a mixture of dry petals; these may have been the first true bouquets of flowers or herbs. The word itself is a combination of the two Japanese words kusuri (medicine) and tama (ball). Currently, kusudami are usually used for decoration or as gifts.
Kusudama is an important part of origami, particularly as a precursor to modular origami. It is often confused with modular origami, which is incorrect, since the elements that make up kusudama are sewn or glued, and not nested into each other, as modular origami suggests.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/850
- Origami from circles - folding origami from a paper circle. Usually, an appliqué is then glued from the folded parts.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1636
- Origami modular - the creation of three-dimensional figures from triangular origami modules - invented in China. The whole figure is assembled from many identical parts (modules). Each module is folded according to the rules of classic origami from one sheet of paper, and then the modules are connected by nesting them into each other. The resulting friction force does not allow the structure to disintegrate.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/15

5. Papier-mâché (fr. papier-mâché “chewed paper”) is an easily shaped mass obtained from a mixture of fibrous materials (paper, cardboard) with adhesives, starch, gypsum, etc. Papier-mâché is used to make dummies , masks, teaching aids, toys, theatrical props, boxes. In some cases, even furniture.
In Fedoskino, Palekh, Kholui papier-mâché is used to make the basis for traditional lacquer miniatures.
You can decorate a papier-mache blank not only with paints, painting like famous artists, but using decoupage or assemblage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/561

7. Embossing (another name is "embossing") - mechanical extrusion that creates images on paper, cardboard, polymeric material or plastic, foil, parchment (the technique is called "parchment", see below), as well as on leather or birch bark, in which the material itself is embossed with a convex or concave stamp with or without heating, sometimes with the additional use of foil and paint. Embossing is carried out mainly on book covers, postcards, invitation cards, labels, soft packaging, etc.
This type of work can be determined by many factors: force, texture and thickness of the material, the direction of its cutting, layout and other factors.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1626
Kinds:
- Parchment - parchment paper (thick waxed tracing paper) is processed with an embossing tool and becomes convex and whitens during processing. In this technique, interesting postcards are obtained, and this technique can also be used to design a scrappage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1705
- Texturing - applying an image using a cliche on a smooth material, usually metallized paper, in order to simulate foil stamping. Also used to imitate the skin of certain breeds (for example, a cliché with a pattern that imitates the skin of a crocodile, etc.)

* Techniques related to weaving:
Man learned weaving much earlier than pottery. At first, he wove dwellings (roofs, fences, furniture), all kinds of baskets for various needs (cradles, tuesas, wagons, turtles, baskets) and shoes from long flexible branches. Man has learned to braid his hair.
With the development of this type of needlework, more and more different materials for application appeared. It turned out that you can weave from everything that comes across: from vines and reeds, from ropes and threads, from leather and birch bark, from wire and beads, from newspapers .... Such weaving techniques as weaving, weaving from birch bark and reeds appeared. , tatting, macrame knot weaving, bobbin weaving, beading, ganutel, kumihimo cord weaving, chain mail weaving, net weaving, Indian mandala weaving, their imitations (weaving from paper strips and candy wrappers, weaving from newspapers and magazines) ...
As it turned out, this type of needlework is still popular, because using it, you can weave a lot of beautiful and useful things, decorating our home with them.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/302

1. Beading, like the beads themselves, has a long history. The ancient Egyptians were the first to learn how to weave necklaces from beaded threads, string bracelets and cover women's dresses with beaded nets. But only in the 19th century did the real flourishing of bead production begin. For a long time, the Venetians carefully guarded the secrets of creating a glass miracle. Craftsmen and craftswomen decorated clothes and shoes, purses and handbags, cases for fans and eyeglasses, as well as other elegant things with beads.
With the advent of beads in America, the natives began to use it instead of traditional Indian familiar materials. For ritual belt, cradle, headband, basket, hairnet, earrings, snuff boxes..
In the Far North, beaded embroidery was used to decorate fur coats, high fur boots, hats, reindeer harness, leather sunglasses...
Our great-grandmothers were very inventive. Among the huge variety of elegant trinkets, there are amazing items. Brushes and cases for chalk, cases for a toothpick (!), an inkwell, a pen and a pencil, a collar for your favorite dog, a cup holder, lace collars, Easter eggs, chess boards and much, much, much more.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1355

2. Ganutel - exclusive Maltese needlework. It is in the monasteries of the Mediterranean that this technique of creating beautiful flowers to decorate the altar has been preserved to this day.
The ganutel uses thin spiral wire and silk threads to wind parts, as well as beads, pearls or seed beads. Brilliant flowers are elegant and light.
In the 16th century, a spiral wire made of gold or silver was called in Italian “canutiglia”, and in Spanish “canutillo”, in Russian this word probably transformed into “gimp”.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1170

3. Macrame (from Arabic - braid, fringe, lace or from Turkish - scarf or napkin with fringe) - nodular weaving technique.
The technique of this nodular weaving has been known since antiquity. According to some reports, macrame came to Europe in the VIII-IX centuries from the East. This technique was known in Ancient Egypt, Assyria, Iran, Peru, China, Ancient Greece.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/750

4. Lace weaving on bobbin. In Russia, the Vologda, Yelets, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky crafts are still known.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687

5. Tatting is a woven nodular lace. It is also called shuttle lace, because this lace is woven with a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728

* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and creating images:

Drawing is a genre in the visual arts and a corresponding technique that creates a visual image (image) on a surface or object using graphic means, drawing elements (as opposed to pictorial elements), mainly from lines and strokes.
For example: charcoal drawing, pencil drawing, ink and pen drawing...
Painting - a type of fine art associated with the transmission of visual images by applying paints to a solid or flexible base; creating an image using digital technology; as well as works of art made in such ways.
The most common works of painting are made on flat or almost flat surfaces, such as canvas stretched on a stretcher, wood, cardboard, paper, treated wall surfaces, etc. Paintings also include images painted on decorative and ceremonial vessels. whose surfaces can have complex shapes.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1218

1. Batik - hand-painted on fabric using reserve compositions.
The batik technique is based on the fact that paraffin, rubber glue, as well as some other resins and varnishes, when applied to a fabric (silk, cotton, wool, synthetics), do not allow paint to pass through - or, as the artists say, "reserve" from staining individual sections of the fabric.
There are several types of batik - hot, cold, nodular, free painting, free painting using saline, shibori.
Batik - batik is an Indonesian word. Translated from Indonesian, the word "ba" means cotton fabric, and "-tik" means "dot" or "drop". Ambatik - draw, cover with drops, hatch.
Painting "batik" has long been known among the peoples of Indonesia, India, etc. In Europe - since the twentieth century.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/916

2. Stained glass (lat. Vitrum - glass) is one of the types of decorative art. Glass or other transparent material is the base material. The history of stained-glass windows begins from ancient times. Initially, glass was inserted into a window or doorway, then the first mosaic paintings and independent decorative compositions appeared, panels made from colored pieces of glass or painted with special paints on plain glass.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/886

3. Blowing - a technique based on blowing paint through a tube (on a sheet of paper). This ancient technique was traditional both for the creators of ancient images (bone tubes were used).
Modern tubes for juice are no worse in use. They help to blow recognizable, unusual, and sometimes fantastic drawings from a small amount of liquid paint onto a sheet of paper.

4. Guilloche - the technique of manually burning an openwork pattern on fabric using a burning apparatus was developed and patented by Zinaida Petrovna Kotenkova.
Guilloche requires precision in work. It should be made in a single color scheme and correspond to the ornamental style of a given composition.
Napkins, panels with appliqués, bookmarks for books, handkerchiefs, collars - all this and much more that your imagination will tell you, will decorate any home!
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1342

5. Grattage (from the French gratter - scrape, scratch) - scratching technique.
The drawing is highlighted by scratching with a pen or a sharp instrument on paper or cardboard filled with ink (so that it does not blur, you need to add a little detergent or shampoo, just a few drops).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/686

6. Mosaic is one of the most ancient arts. This is a way to create an image from small elements. Putting together the puzzle is very important for the mental development of the child.
It can be from different materials: bottle caps, beads, buttons, plastic chips, wooden saw cuts of twigs or matches, magnetic pieces, glass, ceramic pieces, small stones, shells, thermo-mosaic, Tetris-mosaic, coins, pieces of fabric or paper, grain, cereals, maple seeds, pasta, any natural material (cone scales, needles, watermelon and melon seeds), pencil shavings, bird feathers, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/438

7. Monotype (from the Greek monos - one, single and tupos - print) - one of the simplest graphic techniques.
On a smooth surface of glass or thick glossy paper (it should not let water through) - a drawing is made with gouache paint or paints. A sheet of paper is placed on top and pressed against the surface. The result is a mirror image.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/663

8. Thread graphics (thread, thread image, thread design) - a graphic image made in a special way with threads on cardboard or other solid base. Thread graphics are also sometimes called isography or cardboard embroidery. You can also use velvet (velvet paper) or thick paper as a base. Threads can be ordinary sewing, woolen, floss or others. You can also use colored silk threads.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/452

9. Ornament (Latin ornamentum - decoration) - a pattern based on the repetition and alternation of its constituent elements; designed to decorate various items (utensils, tools and weapons, textiles, furniture, books, etc.), architectural structures (both from the outside and in the interior), works of plastic arts (mainly applied), among primitive peoples as well the human body itself (coloring, tattoo). Associated with the surface that it decorates and visually organizes, an ornament, as a rule, reveals or accentuates the architectonics of the object on which it is applied. The ornament either operates with abstract forms or stylizes real motifs, often schematizing them beyond recognition.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1222

10. Print.
Kinds:
- Sponge printing. For this, both a sea sponge and a regular one intended for washing dishes are suitable.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1094
Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping with a cliche print, so that it is convenient to take it in hand. One side is made even, because. cardboard is pasted on it, and patterns on cardboard. They (patterns) can be from paper, from a rope, from an old eraser, from root crops ...
- Stamp (stamping). Wood is usually used as the starting material for stamping with a cliche print, so that it is convenient to take it in hand. One side is made even, because. cardboard is pasted on it, and patterns on cardboard. They (patterns) can be from paper, from a rope, from an old eraser, from root crops, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1068

11. Pointillism (fr. Pointillisme, literally “dottedness”) - a style of writing in painting that uses pure paints that do not mix on the palette, applied in small strokes of a rectangular or round shape, based on their optical mixing in the eye of the viewer, in contrast to mixing paints on the palette. Optical mixing of three primary colors (red, blue, yellow) and pairs of additional colors (red - green, blue - orange, yellow - violet) gives a much greater brightness than a mechanical mixture of pigments. Mixing colors with the formation of shades occurs at the stage of perception of the picture by the viewer from a distance or in a reduced form.
Georges Seurat was the founder of the style.
Another name for pointillism is divisionism (from Latin divisio - division, crushing).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/700

12. Drawing with palms. It is difficult for small children to use a paint brush. There is a very exciting activity that will give the child new sensations, develop fine motor skills of the hands, and provide an opportunity to discover a new and magical world of artistic creativity - this is drawing with the palms. Drawing with their hands, little artists develop their imagination and abstract thinking.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1315

13. Drawing with leaf prints. Having collected various fallen leaves, smear each leaf with gouache from the side of the veins. The paper you are going to print on can be colored or white. Press the sheet with the painted side against the sheet of paper, carefully remove it, taking the "tail" (petiole). This process can be repeated over and over. And now, having finished the details, you already have a butterfly flying over the flower.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/667

14. Painting. One of the most ancient types of folk crafts, which for several centuries have been an integral part of everyday life and the original culture of the people. In Russian folk art, there are a large number of varieties of this type of arts and crafts.
Here are some of them:
- Zhostovo painting - an old Russian folk craft, originated at the beginning of the 19th century, in the village of Zhostovo, Mytishchi district, Moscow region. It is one of the most famous types of Russian folk painting. Zhostovo trays are painted by hand. Usually bouquets of flowers are depicted on a black background.
- Gorodets painting - Russian folk art craft. It has existed since the middle of the 19th century. near the city of Gorodets. Bright, laconic Gorodets painting (genre scenes, figurines of horses, roosters, floral patterns), made with a free brushstroke with white and black graphic strokes, adorned spinning wheels, furniture, shutters, and doors.
- Khokhloma painting - an old Russian folk craft, born in the 17th century in the district of Nizhny Novgorod.
Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in black and red (and, occasionally, green) on a golden background. When painting a tree, silver tin powder is applied to the tree. After that, the product is covered with a special composition and processed in the oven three or four times, which achieves a unique honey-golden color, which gives the effect of massiveness to light wooden utensils. The traditional elements of Khokhloma are red juicy rowan and strawberry berries, flowers and branches. Often there are birds, fish and animals.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/301

15. Encaustic (from ancient Greek “the art of burning”) is a painting technique in which wax is the binder of paints. Painting is done with paints in molten form (hence the name). A variety of encaustic is wax tempera, which is distinguished by its brightness and richness of colors. Many early Christian icons were painted in this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1485

*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and the use of fabrics:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb "to sew", i.e. what is sewn or sewn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136

2. Patchwork, Quilting, Quilting or Patchwork is a folk arts and crafts, with centuries-old traditions and stylistic features. This is a technique that uses pieces of multi-colored fabrics or knitted elements of geometric shapes to be connected in a bedspread, blouse or bag.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1347
Kinds:
- Artichoke is a type of patchwork that got its name because of its resemblance to the fruit of the artichoke. This technique has other names - “teeth”, “corners”, “scales”, “feathers”.
By and large, in this technique, it all comes down to folding the cut out parts and sewing them onto the base in a certain sequence. Or, using paper, compose (glue) various panels of a rounded (or polyhedral shape) on a plane or in volume.
There are two ways to sew: the tip of the blanks is directed to the center of the main part, or to its edges. This is if you sew a flat product. For products of a volumetric nature - with a tip to a narrower part. The parts to be folded are not necessarily cut into squares. It can be both rectangles and circles. In any case, we meet with the folding of cut-out blanks, therefore, it can be argued that these patchwork techniques belong to the origami patchwork family, and since they create volume, therefore, they also belong to the "3d" technique.
Example: http://stranamasterov.ru/node/137446?tid=1419
- Crazy quilt. I recently came across this one as well. I think it's a multimethod.
The bottom line is that the product is created from a combination of various techniques: patchwork + embroidery + painting, etc.
Example:

3. Tsumami Kanzashi. Tsumami is based on origami. Only they fold not paper, but squares of natural silk. The word "Tsumami" means "to pinch": the master takes a piece of folded silk using tweezers or tweezers. The petals of future flowers are then glued onto the base.
Hairpin (kanzashi), decorated with a silk flower, gave the name to a whole new kind of arts and crafts. This technique was used to make decorations for combs, and for individual sticks, as well as for complex structures made up of various accessories.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1724

* Techniques related to knitting:
What is knitting? This is the process of making products from continuous threads by bending them into loops and connecting the loops to each other using simple hand tools (crochet hook, knitting needles).
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/729

1. Knitting on a fork. An interesting way to crochet using a special device - a fork, curved in the shape of the letter U. The result is light, airy patterns.
2. Crochet (tambour) - the process of hand-made fabric or lace from threads using a crochet hook. creating not only dense, embossed patterns, but also thin, openwork, reminiscent of a lace fabric. Knitting patterns consist of different combinations of loops and columns. The correct ratio - the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/858
3. Simple (European) knitting allows you to combine several types of loops, which creates simple and complex openwork patterns.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1157
4. Tunisian knitting with a long hook (both one and several loops can simultaneously participate to create a pattern).
5. Jacquard knitting - patterns are knitted on knitting needles from threads of several colors.
6. Fillet knitting - imitates fillet-guipure embroidery on a special grid.
7. Guipure knitting (Irish or Brussels lace) crochet.

2. Sawing. One type is sawing with a jigsaw. Decorating your life and home with handicrafts or children's toys convenient for everyday life, you experience the joy of appearance and the pleasure of the process of their creation.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1418

3. Carving - a kind of arts and crafts. It is one of the types of artistic processing of wood along with sawing, turning.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113

* Other self-sufficient techniques:
1. Application (from Latin “attaching”) is a way of working with colored pieces of various materials: paper, fabric, leather, fur, felt, colored beads, beads, woolen threads, metal chased plates, all kinds of fabric (velvet, satin, silk), dried leaves... This use of various materials and structures in order to enhance expressive possibilities is very close to another means of representation - collage.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/364
Also exist:
- Application from plasticine - plasticineography - a new kind of arts and crafts. It is a creation of stucco paintings depicting more or less convex, semi-voluminous objects on a horizontal surface. In essence, this is a rare, very expressive type of “painting.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1243
- Application from "palms". Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/612
- Breakaway appliqué is one of the types of multifaceted appliqué technique. Everything is simple and accessible, like laying out a mosaic. The base is a sheet of cardboard, the material is a sheet of colored paper torn into pieces (several colors), the tool is glue and your hands. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1346

2. Assemblage (fr. assemblage) - a technique of visual art, akin to collage, but using three-dimensional details or whole objects, appliquely arranged on a plane like a picture. Allows pictorial additions with paints, as well as metal, wood, fabric and other structures. Sometimes it is applied to other works, from photomontage to spatial compositions, because the terminology of the latest visual art is not well established.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1412

3. Paper tunnel. The original English name for this technique is tunnel book, which can be translated as a book or paper tunnel. The essence of the technique is well traced from the English name tunnel - a tunnel - a through hole. The multi-layered nature of the “books” (book) that is being compiled conveys the feeling of the tunnel well. There is a three-dimensional postcard. By the way, this technique successfully combines different types of techniques, such as scrapbooking, applique, cutting, creating layouts and voluminous books. It is somewhat akin to origami, because. aimed at folding paper in a certain way.
The first paper tunnel was dated to the middle of the 18th century. and was the epitome of theatrical scenes.
Traditionally, paper tunnels are created to commemorate an event or sold as souvenirs for tourists.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1411

4. Cutting is a very broad term.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/701
They are cut out of paper, foam, foam rubber, birch bark, plastic bottles, soap, plywood (although this is already called sawing), fruits and vegetables, as well as other different materials. Various tools are used: scissors, breadboard knives, scalpel. They cut out masks, hats, toys, postcards, panels, flowers, figurines and much more.
Kinds:
- Silhouette cutting is a cutting technique in which objects of an asymmetric structure are cut out by eye, with curvilinear contours (fish, birds, animals, etc.), with complex outlines of figures and smooth transitions from one part to another. Silhouettes are easily recognizable and expressive, they should be without small details and as if in motion. Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1416
- The cut is symmetrical. With symmetrical cutting, we repeat the contours of the image, which must fit exactly into the plane of the sheet of paper folded in half, consistently complicating the outline of the figure in order to correctly convey the external features of objects in applications in a stylized form.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/466
- Vytynanka - the art of cutting openwork patterns from colored, white or black paper has existed since the time when paper was invented in China. And this type of carving became known as jianzhi. This art has spread all over the world: China, Japan, Vietnam, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ukraine, Lithuania and many other countries.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/563
- Carving (see below).

5. Decoupage (from the French decoupage - noun, “what is cut out”) is a technique for decorating, appliqué, decorating with cut paper motifs. Chinese peasants in the XII century. began to decorate furniture in this way. And in addition to cut out pictures from thin colorful paper, they began to cover it with varnish to make it look like a painting! So, along with beautiful furniture, this technique also came to Europe.
Today, the most popular material for decoupage is three-layer napkins. Hence the other name - "napkin technology". The application can be absolutely limitless - dishes, books, caskets, candles, vessels, musical instruments, flower pots, bottles, furniture, shoes and even clothes! Any surface - leather, wood, metal, ceramics, cardboard, textiles, gypsum - must be plain and light, because. the pattern cut out of the napkin should be clearly visible.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/722

6. Carving (from the English. carvу - cut, cut, engrave, cut; carving - carving, carving, carved ornament, carved figure) in cooking - this is the simplest form of sculpture or engraving on the surface of vegetables and fruits, such short-lived decorations table.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1339

7. Collage is a creative genre when a work is created from a wide variety of cut out images pasted onto paper, canvas or digitally. Comes from fr. papier collée - pasted paper. Very quickly, this concept began to be used in an expanded sense - a mixture of various elements, a bright and expressive message from fragments of other texts, fragments collected on the same plane.
The collage can be completed by any other means - ink, watercolor, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/324

8. Constructor (from lat. constructor "builder") - an ambiguous term. For our profile, this is a set of mating parts. i.e. details or elements of some future layout, information about which is collected by the author, analyzed and embodied in a beautiful, artistically executed product.
Designers differ in the type of material - metal, wood, plastic and even paper (for example, paper origami modules). The combination of various elements creates interesting designs for games and fun.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/984

9. Modeling - shaping plastic material (plasticine, clay, plastic, salt dough, snowball, sand, etc.) with the help of hands and auxiliary tools. This is one of the basic techniques of sculpture, which is designed to master the primary principles of this technique.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/670

10. A layout is a copy of an object with resizing (usually reduced), which is made with the preservation of proportions. The layout should also convey the main features of the object.
To create this unique work, you can use various materials, it all depends on its functional purpose (exhibition layout, gift, presentation, etc.). It can be paper, cardboard, plywood, wooden blocks, plaster and clay parts, wire.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1397
Layout view - a model is a valid layout that depicts (imitates) any significant features of the original. Moreover, attention is focused on certain aspects of the modeled object or equally detailed thereof. The model is created to be used, for example, for visual-model teaching of mathematics, physics, chemistry and other school subjects, for a sea or air club. A variety of materials are used in modeling: balloons, light and plastic mass, wax, clay, gypsum, papier-mâché, salt dough, paper, foam plastic, foam rubber, matches, knitting threads, fabric ...
Modeling is the creation of a model that is reliably close to the original.
"Models" are those layouts that are in effect. And models that do not work, i.e. "strand" - usually called a layout.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1353

11. Soap making. Animal and vegetable fats, fat substitutes (synthetic fatty acids, rosin, naphthenic acids, tall oil) can be used as raw materials for obtaining the main component of soap.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1631

12. Sculpture (lat. sculptura, from sculpo - cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - a type of fine art, the works of which have a three-dimensional shape and are made of solid or plastic materials (metal, stone, clay, wood, plaster, ice, snow , sand, foam rubber, soap). Processing methods - molding, carving, casting, forging, chasing, cutting, etc.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1399

13. Weaving - production of fabrics and textiles from yarn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318

14. Filting (or felting, or felting) - felting wool. There is "wet" and "dry".
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736

15. Flat chasing is one of the types of arts and crafts, as a result of knocking out a certain ornamental relief, drawing, inscription or a round figured image, sometimes close to engraving, on a plate, a new work of art is created.
The processing of the material is carried out with the help of a rod - a chasing, which is placed vertically, on the upper end of which they hit with a hammer. By moving the coinage, a new form gradually appears. The material must have a certain plasticity and the ability to change under the influence of force.
Examples:

cited
Liked: 30 users

4. Lace weaving on bobbin. In Russia, the Vologda, Yelets, Kirov, Belevsky, Mikhailovsky crafts are still known.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1687

5. Tatting is a woven nodular lace. It is also called shuttle lace, because this lace is woven with a special shuttle.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1728

* Techniques related to painting, various types of painting and creating images:

*Techniques related to sewing, embroidery and the use of fabrics:
Sewing is a colloquial form of the verb "to sew", i.e. what is sewn or sewn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1136

3. Carving - a kind of arts and crafts. It is one of the types of artistic processing of wood along with sawing, turning.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1113

13. Weaving - production of fabrics and textiles from yarn.
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/1318

14. Filting (or felting, or felting) - felting wool. There is "wet" and "dry".
Examples: http://stranamasterov.ru/taxonomy/term/736

In conclusion, it should be noted that the division (unification on some basis) of most techniques is conditional (subjective), and many applied art techniques are multi-techniques, i.e. they combine several types of techniques.

All pleasant creativity!
Your Margaret.

Masters of arts and crafts

MBU "MSCO "Svetoch"

Chudovsky municipal district

Arts and Crafts Material from the Metodichkus website http://3ys.ru/

Folk arts and crafts is the result of the creativity of many generations of craftsmen. It is unified in its artistic structure and extremely diverse in its national characteristics, which are manifested in everything from the choice (use) of material to the interpretation of pictorial forms.

Born among farmers, pastoralists, hunters, folk art throughout the history of its development is associated with nature, the laws of its renewal, the manifestation of its life-giving forces. The very existence of man is inseparable from nature, which provides material for housing and clothing, food, determines the rhythm of human life by the change of day and night, the alternation of the seasons. Therefore, all this is reflected in the works of folk art, which constitute an integral phenomenon of the culture of each people.

The well-known statement that folk art is firmly connected with everyday life concerns not only arts and crafts. Songs and dances, epics and fairy tales are also inseparable from the daily life of the people, because they embodied dreams of beauty, ideas about a better life, about good and evil, about the harmony of the world. In harvest festivals, seeing off winter, meeting spring, in various ceremonies and rituals, the creative principle manifested itself in a complex, multifunctional way. In this regard, folk art is called syncretic, i.e. uniting different functions of objects and connecting them with everyday life.

A deep understanding of the material by the folk craftsman allows him to create perfect works of arts and crafts. Wood and clay, stone and bone, leather and fur, straw and wicker - all these materials are organically used in various household items. They are not faked with expensive materials, but are processed and decorated in accordance with their own natural properties. Therefore, a pottery made of plain clay cannot be confused with porcelain dishes, and a tinned copper vessel with an object made of silver.

This ability to use the natural qualities of the material was embodied in artistic and technical techniques that make it possible to most rationally design and decorate products with ornaments or plot images, combining real prototypes with the bold imagination of the creator. This is how the types of artistic craft traditional for many peoples of our country developed: carpet weaving, patterned weaving, embroidery, lace-making, pottery, artistic processing of wood, bone, stone, metal and other materials.

MBU "MSKO "Svetoch" (Municipal Budgetary Institution Intersettlement Social Cultural Association "Svetoch") is a network of cultural institutions of the Chudovsky district, which includes leisure centers of the settlement centers of the Chudovsky municipal district. At each Leisure Center and the Folk Art Center, masters of arts and crafts work and The purpose of the work of the masters is to popularize, revive and preserve folk art.

Each of the masters has its own unique and original technologies and methods of work, passed down from generation to generation. The technology of work of masters of arts and crafts basically repeats the method of creating handicrafts, souvenirs, household items, jewelry as it was in the old days, but the masters also master modern technologies and materials, which makes the manufacturing process itself attractive and its result and interest from tourists and participants of master classes.

A variety of directions of masters of art and crafts, create a rich palette of creative life and familiarization with Russian folk culture and creativity on the territory of the Chudovsky municipal district.

We want to introduce you to the Chudov masters,

whose work is becoming not only popular in Chudovskaya land,

but also outside the city of Chudovo and the Novgorod region.

Omelyanchuk Marina Gennadievna

Master of DPI on the technique of "Patchwork". Head of circles for children and adults in patchwork "Needlewoman" and "Rainbow". Works in the center of folk art and leisure Selishchi.

Master of DPI on the technique of "Patchwork". Head of circles for children and adults in patchwork "Needlewoman" and "Rainbow". Marina Gennadievna graduated from the courses of folk craft "Patchwork technique".

Patchwork was known even to our grandmothers and always came to their aid in the manufacture of elementary household items, such as blankets, bedspreads, and so on. But this is not only a way to save money or sew something useful using the leftover pieces of fabric. Today, this type of needlework allows you to create something beautiful and original, whole paintings or canvases. The occupation is useful and exciting, attracts many with its eccentricity.

Marina Gennadievna sews a lot of beautiful and useful things from scraps. She uses this wonderful material to create compositions, various things (headwear, toys, jewelry, appliqué panels), carnival costumes, and for theatrical events. One can say about her: “she creates with her soul”, each of her works is unique, made with great love and warmth of human hands. She shares her talent with others, under the guidance of Marina Gennadievna, master classes for children and adults on making items from patches are held. All participants enjoy attending master classes.

For the development of arts and crafts and creative abilities, Marina Gennadievna has awards:

Diploma of the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Novgorod Region for participation in the 11th regional New Year's Fair of folk arts and crafts "NIKOLSKY TORG"

Diploma of the Committee of Culture of the Novgorod region for participation in the zonal exhibition of the regional festival of artistic creativity.

Gratitude of the Chairman of the Committee of Culture and Tourism of the Novgorod Region for the great work on the preservation, development and promotion of folk art.

Diploma for participation in the nominations "Carnival of Ideas", "Patchwork" of the 4th inter-district festival of hand-made attire "-" SILVER THIMMING"

Diploma of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Novgorod Regional House of Folk Art for participation in the regional exhibition-competition "Cat's House"

Gratitude of the Administration of the Chudovsky municipal district for active participation in the interregional agro-industrial "Assumption Fair"

Diploma of the Committee of Culture and Sports of the Administration of the Chudovsky Municipal District for participation in exhibitions and competitions.

Diploma of the Committee for Social Protection of the Population of the Administration of the Chudovsky Municipal District for participation in the regional festival of artistic creativity "Consonance"

Gratitude of the Chairman of the Committee of Culture and Sports for the development of decorative and applied arts

Diploma of MBU "MSCO" Svetoch "for participation in the interregional festival of folklore and crafts" Nursery rhymes of grandfather Mazai "

Gratitude of MBU "MSCO" Svetoch "for participation in the exhibition DPI" Creativity of my family "

Gratitude of the Administration of the Tregubovsky rural settlement of the Chudovsky municipal district of the Novgorod region for active work in the field of culture, popularization of folk customs and traditions.

Works:

Shilova Maria Petrovna

Works in the branch of the Oskuy leisure center since 2000. Working as the head of the branch, Maria Petrovna combines her main work with circle activities. Under her leadership, there are circles "Magic Workshop", "Rag Doll" for children and adolescents. From childhood, she showed interest in folk art. The "Rag Doll" circle is an opportunity to independently make any doll - a motanka, which will become a reliable amulet with incredible energy that brings good luck, wealth, abundance and happiness.

The circle "Workshop of Magic" consists of several areas - beading, patchwork, origami, etc. The task of the circle is based on educating the artistic taste of schoolchildren, developing their interest in folk art, its traditions and heritage. In the course of circle work, students get acquainted with the basics of design, deepen their knowledge of design and modeling.

Children learn to economically use the material used in the work, they develop fine motor skills of the hands and the necessary coordination of movements.

Making beautiful and necessary items with your own hands causes an increased interest in work and brings satisfaction with the results of labor.

As the leader of circles, she raises her level in folk art through self-education. This is helped by the Internet and subscription publications. Maria Petrovna conducts a "Master Class" for children and adults on various types of applied art. She constantly participates in district, settlement and regional exhibitions. Her crafts are in demand among the population. Holidays to which its members willingly take part: Christmas, St. Valentine's Day, Maslenitsa, Annunciation, Easter, Victory Day, Ivan's Day, Apple Savior, Bereginya Pokosnitsa, Day of the Elderly, New Year and at the request of residents.

Shilova Maria Petrovna was awarded a diploma for participation in the regional festival of youth creativity “One Hundred Ways to Live Interestingly!”, “The nursery rhymes of grandfather Mazai”, gratitude for participation in the regional exhibition of decorative and applied arts “Creativity of my family”, a letter of thanks for active participation in the Interregional agro-industrial Assumption Fair 2014 and 2015", a diploma in the exhibition-competition "Gifts of Autumn", as well as a diploma for participation in the 11th regional New Year's Fair of folk arts and crafts "Nikolsky Torg" and a diploma from the MOU "OOSH" p. Oskui for participating in the school exhibition of creative works “They say mom has golden hands!”.

Sheveleva Vasilisa Mikhailovna graduated in 2003

Podporozhye Polytechnic College

specializing in wood painting.

In 2014 she was trained in the city of Veliky Novgorod on the technique of "Gorodets painting"

Conducts master classes

Rechkina Irina Ivanovna head of the circle "Clay toy"

created in 2001 on the basis of the Georgian TsNTD.

In 2015, she was trained in the city of Veliky Novgorod, as part of a regional seminar-

workshop on manual modeling from clay on the basis of the workshop "Potter's Yard"

Marriage Inna Yuryevna, head of the Bereginya circle created in 2015

on the basis of the Georgian TsNTD,

rag doll maker.

Galina Nikitina

Master of the DPI of the Spassko-Polistskiy Leisure Center

Tomilova Tatyana Nikolaevna

She started working at the MBU "MSCO "Svetoch" as the head of the Spassko-Polistsky Leisure Center in January 2008
Trained:
- in 2012 on advanced training in the group of directors of the KFOR, at the Novgorod Regional Center for Personnel Training "Logos";
- in 2014-2015 within the framework of the cycle of regional workshops "Hand heel" on the basis of the department of handicraft culture of the GBUK "NODNT".
Since 2008 Tomilova T.N. leads the DPI circle "Very skillful hands." The main direction of the circle's work is the Russian folk doll.
The purpose and objectives of the circle are to get acquainted with the history of folk dolls, develop interest in the cultural values and traditions of their people, study the history and types of folk dolls, costume details (dress, jacket, scarf, ribbon). Improving fine motor skills (twisting, winding, tying knots), creativity, imagination, thinking, attention. Give the child the opportunity to feel pleasure and pride in the result of their work. To instill a careful attitude to the cultural traditions and history of their people.
The folk doll is a huge part of our history. Dolls accompanied our ancestors from birth to death. They were kept in chests and passed on the day of the wedding. A long time ago they were made not for sale, but for themselves - as amulets, as ritual and ritual symbols. They were made (coiled, twisted, rolled up) slowly, thoroughly. With hope and, most importantly, with great love. In the process of making dolls, neither scissors nor needles were used. The threads were torn by hand, the same was done with the fabric - rags of worn clothes or used bed linen. And be sure to use natural (natural) and “happy” fabric, the one that was worn in a good life period, not overshadowed by any troubles or stresses. Often, dolls were made completely without a face, it was believed that evil spirits could not settle in such dolls. The details of the dolls were not sewn together, but tied together, tied to each other. At the same time, they made wishes, sang, sentenced or read prayers. Hence the positive energy that we, looking at the result, unconsciously feel even today. Hence the feeling of comfort, calmness and warmth. Dolls were made mainly by women - keepers of tribal traditions. Another interesting feature is the manufacture of ritual and protective dolls in one step, without postponing the process that has begun either “tomorrow” or “for later”.
Tatyana Nikolaevna constantly studies and uses in her work traditional techniques and methods of making dolls. All dolls are made in one lesson of a circle or a master class, in a technique as close as possible to the technique of our ancestors, using natural linen and cotton fabrics and minimal use of modern materials.
The works of the circle members and their leader regularly participate in exhibitions and fairs at regional, interregional events, and took part in events at the regional level.
The works of the master and her students can be found in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tosno, Arkhangelsk, Veliky Novgorod, Murmansk, Staraya Russa, Okulovka, Chudov and other cities.

Master of the DPI Tregubovsky Leisure Center:

Andreeva Tatyana Gennadievna

Education: higher, graduated from Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise in 2000.

Specialty: Technology of artistic processing of materials.

Specialization: teaching creative disciplines.

Qualification: engineer-artist.

Main place of work: Administration of the Tregubovsky rural settlement.

Part-time work: head of the circle of arts and crafts "Magic Patterns" since 2000.

The main direction of the circle's work is Gorodets painting.

Gorodets painting- Russian folk art craft. For children, familiarization with folk craft is of great importance for their overall development. They should not only know about such artistic painting as Gorodetskaya, but also be able to distinguish it from other artistic paintings. Nowadays, the topic of preserving the traditions and customs of the native land is very important. Through a story about interesting, colorful plots of Gorodets, I want to interest and captivate children into the wonderful world of Russian folk painting.

Gorodets painting is unusual,
The composition here is symmetrical.
Flowers of unusual beauty are collected in bouquets.
Drawings bright flicker,
The white revival revives them.

The main task in the classes of the "Magic Patterns" circle is the task of instilling a love for creativity, developing artistic abilities, as well as identifying these abilities, cultivating a value attitude to folk culture, the environment through personal creativity.

Studying arts and crafts in a circle, the children combine the knowledge of technical techniques with the artistic imagination inherent in their children's imagination, create not only useful, but also beautiful products. Products made by children's hands can serve as decoration for interiors, because. have aesthetic value. The aesthetic significance of communication with folk art is very important for the overall artistic development of children.

Why, out of the many folk crafts, did I prefer Gorodets wood painting? Gorodets painting is distinguished by its unique visual language, expressed in symbols, features of the transformation of natural motifs and rich colors. The palette of Gorodets painting is colorful and varied. Gold, green, yellow, blue, blue, brown, pink and red colors are combined with black and white. A special expressiveness of the Gorodets painting is given by an elegant “animation” made with whitewash. Strokes, lines, dots, arcs adorn flowers and shapes. Traditional for Gorodets painting scenes of tea drinking, troika riding, festive festivities. A lush ornament of bathing caps, roses, leaves frames plot pictures arranged in tiers. A beautiful Gorodets thin-legged horse with a strong neck is a poetic image-mystery. Proud horses are painted on cabinet doors, backs of high chairs, tables, plates on the wall. Fairy-tale flowers surround the horses, sometimes outlandish birds and animals are also depicted here. It seems that horses are galloping through magical gardens.

In the characterization of the plot, whitened tones give rich shades of color transitions. The painting is immediately carried out with a brush, without applying a preliminary drawing, with a free and juicy stroke. It is very diverse - from a wide stroke to the thinnest line and a virtuoso stroke.

Of course, in the beginning, the children's works are far from perfect, but in their paintings you can see all the characteristic features of Gorodets painting, while the most important thing is that children touch real folk art. They develop respect for folk art.

For the promotion and development of arts and crafts, creative abilities, she was awarded a letter of thanks from the MBU "MSCO" Svetoch ". She took an active part in the regional fair of folk crafts and crafts "Nikolsky Torg", in the interregional festival of folklore and crafts "Assumption Fair", in many other exhibitions and master classes on the territory of the settlement and the region.

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 2 of Yoshkar-Ola"

Research

"Masters of folk arts and crafts

art of the Morkinskaya side"

Completed:

students of 3 "B" class

Albakhtina Regina,

Parmanov Danila

Supervisor:

Alekseeva Ludmila Ivanovna,

Primary school teacher

Yoshkar-Ola, 2016

Introduction

Main part

Current Masters

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

Purpose of the study:study of the folk arts and crafts of the masters of the Morkinsky district, the creation of the album "Masters of the Morkinsky side".

Tasks:

1. Collect material about the masters of your area;

2. Find out what types of needlework masters owned;

3. Find out which craftsmen continue the folk craft;

4. Systematize and summarize the material about the masters;

5. Strive to preserve the cultural heritage of the small motherland;

6. Design an album.

Object of study:decorative and applied arts of Morkinsky district residents.

Subject of study: creative activity of craftsmen - craftsmen of the Morkinsky district.

Research methods:

Studying the literature on the research topic;
Interview with masters of arts and crafts of the Morkinsky district;
Collection of material, photo session;
Systematization of the collected material;

Relevance of the chosen topic:this research work is aimed at identifying and preserving for the future generation the names of the masters of folk arts and crafts of the Morkinsky district.

Decorative and applied art

At the beginning of the work, we decided to study the literature on the topic: “Decorative and applied art of the Mari people”.

Decorative and applied art- a section of decorative art, covering the creation of artistic products that meet the everyday needs of a person. Creating things of a certain form and purpose, a person always finds a use for them and tries to preserve the attractiveness and beauty seen in them. Art objects are inherited, from ancestors to descendants. They traced folk wisdom, way of life, character.

Decorative and applied art is one of the most ancient. Man has long tried to decorate his home and did it with the help of the material that was at hand - wood, clay, bone, etc. Folk arts and crafts is not only the fruit of skill, its craft, but also an integral part of life, everyday life. It is important not only to feel, but also to create something beautiful.

Main part

We conducted a survey of residents of the village of Maly Koramas, Chavainur, Shereganovo, Vesshurgi, Morkinsky district. We interviewed 7 residents of villages of different ages, as well as members of the Muro Sem ensemble.

According to the results of the survey, it turned out that in the region there areartistic wood carving and the manufacture of ancient musical instruments.

Folk craftsmen of the past

Echeikin Petr Pavlovich- the famous piper of the republic. Born and lived in the village of Shereganovo. Pyotr Pavlovich not only played the bagpipe virtuoso, but also made it himself. Not a single wedding took place without his bagpipes and drums.

In 2000 the ensemble"Muro Sem" under his leadership, a qualifying competition was held in the Finno-Ugric group and represented our republic at the Silk Road International Festival. They visited Germany France Holland Belgium Finland. The ensemble always performed in the second part of the concert program and surprised the audience with the unusual sound of folk musical instruments and folk dances. No one remained indifferent to the culture of the Mari people.

Echeikin Vyacheslav Petrovich, the son of Echeikin Peter Pavlovich, was a musically gifted child. From the age of three, Slava was a participant in the concert program, playing the flute, drum, harmonica, and later the bagpipe. I traveled with my father to different countries. Having matured, he continued the work of his father, learned the nuances of making folk instruments.

Ivanov Grigory Ivanovich(Vasliy Ivan Kyrgori) was born in the village of Maly Koramas. He volunteered for the war, leaving his family and two children behind. Distinguished by bravery in battle. At the end of the war, he was taken prisoner and sent to a concentration camp. He endured all the horrors of captivity, hunger and cold and survived. The Germans considered him dead and threw his body into a ravine behind barbed wire. The German woman saved him, hid him and fed him. So Grigory Ivanovich remained alive.

He was lucky to return to his homeland. After the war, he worked as a teacher in a village school. Even before the war, he learned carpentry from his grandfather. Grigory Ivanovich adorned simple peasant furniture and household items with carvings. He paid the main attention to the decor of the platbands, the pediment and the facade of the hut. The rest of the building is usually not covered with carvings. So he became a skilled carver.

A new way of processing wood contributed to the manifestation of talent. He carefully used the set of tools he inherited and took out new ones. Grigory Ivanovich decorated with carvings not only the window casings, the main attire of the house, but also the cornices, chapels, and valances. Later, he decorated the porch and gate with wooden carvings.

No one had a carved house in the village. Orders poured in to such a master woodcarver. Unfortunately, the patterns on the houses made by him have not been preserved. But in his native village, his tools still serve a good cause.

Renowned woodworkerVasiliev Anatoly Alexandrovich(Matran Tolya) from the village of Chavainur. He was born into a simple peasant family. His father did not return from the war and he had to do hard physical work from a young age. He taught himself carpentry. At the request of the inhabitants, he made household utensils: a butter churn, yokes, tubs, barrels, without which the inhabitants could not do a single day, as well as sledges and sleds, window frames, barns.

He did not leave aside the folk musical instrument - tumyr. Everyone in the area used only his drum and still use it. A simple, modest man worked all his life, delighted and surprised his fellow villagers with his skill. After the war, Anatoly Alexandrovich built a house with his own hands, decorated it with carved patterns. The house of unusual beauty still stands in the village of Chavainur, attracting the views of visiting guests.

Current Masters

Nowadays, national musical instruments are almost never used in everyday life, but they can be seen and heard at folklore holidays, festivals, and concerts. The oldest craftsmen, alas, are not with us either, but a new generation is growing, which continues their work.

Among the masters of the new generation of pipers, the actor of the Mari National Drama Theater named after M. Shketana, Sergei Danilov . After graduating from the Higher Theater School. MS Shchepkina, he returns to the theater stage.

In 2016, young actors were entrusted to play in a new production of the play "Salika", where bagpipes should be an indispensable attribute. By this time, there were almost no master pipers left. The young actor had to meet with the oldest master Echan Malinin from the village of Kozhlaer. First, the master taught him to play the bagpipe, and then his craft.

Being a man of an inquisitive nature, Sergey thoroughly studied the structure of ancient musical instruments and began to make them himself. He was so carried away that he even created an ensemble of pipers from the actors of the troupe on the basis of the theater. With his ensemble, which consisted of three Morkin guys, Sergey traveled to Slovakia, where he represented our republic at the World Guide Festival.

Craftsmen live and work in different parts of the region. The woodworker does what he lovesStepanov Oleg Gennadievich. With his diligence and perseverance, he achieved his goal. The house in the center of the village stands out for its originality and beauty.

Wood carving is considered the most common type of folk art. She is close to him. Basically, the master uses linden to make patterns, because it is easy to cut. The abundance of lindens in this region contributes to the development of crafts

But he also experiments with other material. In the house, in the yard, in the garden, the works of his creativity, his skillful hands are everywhere visible.

In addition, he is engaged in weaving from bast and vines, which have deep roots. At the request of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, she weaves baskets, and bast shoes for guests.

Conclusion

Research findings:

In the Morkinsky district, the development of arts and crafts, artistic wood carving, and the manufacture of ancient musical instruments are observed.
Most of the craftsmen are men. Age level - from 33 and above.
We have noted family continuity in arts and crafts.
New craftsmen appear.
Decorative and applied art is preserved and multiplied by craftsmen in the Morkinsky district, who contribute to the preservation and development of folk crafts.

Used Books:

1. S. I. Ozhegov. Dictionary of the Russian language. (1975)

3. Materials of the local museum of local lore.

4. Photo booklet "Mari land"

children

Palace of Creativity for Children and Youth

APPROVE:

Director of educational institution DOD DTDiM

Adopted on the basis of the decision

methodological council

Minutes No. 2 dated November 23, 2009

Initiation into a master

arts and crafts "I am the keeper"

(methodological development of the competitive program

in the decorative and applied department of the educational institution DOD DTDiM)

Developed by:

methodologist of educational institution DOD DTDiM,

Syzran

Explanatory note

“It is very important to introduce a child from a young age

to the history of the small Motherland, to awaken first

curiosity, then love, and then responsibility

for its present and future"

It's no secret that lately children's interest in Russian national culture, arts and crafts has been declining. And teachers of additional education see their task in multiplying the spiritual potential of the younger generation, shaping its intellectual, moral and aesthetic culture through a deep interest in the past of their people, in national, domestic and world cultures.

Our Palace of Creativity is that niche in education, which is the guardian of folk, national culture, because folklore, painting, and decorative art are studied and developed here.

Dedication to the master of arts and crafts is a small experience of the OU DOD DTDM in the study, preservation and development of folk art through the revival of folk traditions, crafts, pride and love for the native land.

This methodological development is intended for methodologists, teachers of additional education of artistic and aesthetic orientation and arts and crafts.

The methodological development is intended to assist in the initiation of students of the first year of study into masters of arts and crafts or during any open class in applied associations.

Age of participants. The script is designed for students 10-14 years old.

Decor. The hall is decorated with handicrafts and drawings of students. On the stage there is a table and a bench with carved patterns, on the table is a samovar hung with dryers. In the corner is an old chest with Russian national costumes. Nearby is a mannequin in a stylized Russian outfit, leading girls in Russian sundresses. In the center of the stage, on the wall, in large letters, “I - ………” is displayed.

The task of future masters, having passed certain tests, is to open the missing letters.

Target: development of the spiritual world of the child's personality, familiarization with the values of folk culture, the formation of spirituality, patriotism, interest in the types of folk and modern applied art, presented in the arts and crafts department of the Palace of Children and Youth Creativity.

Tasks:

educational

To acquaint students with the areas of arts and crafts;

To study the types of Russian folk crafts through gaming activities.

2. Educational

To develop the creative abilities of students in the performance of game creative

To develop and preserve the best examples of Russian national culture.

3. nurturing

Raise respect for the past of your people, its traditions, rituals and crafts;

Promotion of creative associations of arts and crafts.

Form: game cognitive program.

Scenario of the competition program "I am the keeper"

Russian folk music sounds. On the stage, dancing, two sisters come out, sing ditties.

1. The sun is shining, the sun is shining

Early in the morning at dawn,

We have a good life

On the native side.

2. Oh, dance to us,

It's fun to sing.

Why don't we sing?

Having fun.

1. Gathered for gatherings

Masters of all courts.

And today we will show everyone

Who is ready to be creative?

2. Make way, sister,

Here are our masters.

(Music sounds, craftswomen from the associations "Beading", "Embroidery", "Knitting", Art Studio, "Testoplasty", "Artistic Craft", "Flower Making" come out and sit in the hall at tables).

1. Come in, you are welcome

Sit down at the tables.

2. Eh, one, one more time,

The competition is starting

For craft keepers

We sing songs.

(musical number)

2. Oh, sister, and we started merrily, but we have a very serious business ahead of us.

1. And in Rus' since ancient times it has been customary that any business with a song, ditties, jokes, yes

arguing with jokes.

2. After all, today is a holiday for all holidays. Today we dedicate needlewomen of the arts and crafts department to become masters.

1. Initiation into the keepers of ancient traditions, crafts, folk art.

2. Today we praise together

Our needlework,

Why not appreciate

Folk skill.

Makosh: If needlework with golden hands

Yes, it was done with a good heart,

That good work to you in a good deed,

Yes happy life.

And if there is resentment and envy in the soul,

Then my anger will be severe. (music, thunder)

2. Oh, sister, who is this?

(music)

1. This is the goddess Makosh. She walks among people, invisible, barefoot, with loose

hair, in a long shirt without a belt. She spins threads from a tow and into a ball

winds up. Not simple those threads, magic. These are the threads of human destiny. Well?

Enough to tell fairy tales, it's time to do the deed and dedicate the young craftswomen to the custodians.

2. And in order to initiate young craftswomen, they need to pass tests and show their

skill in needlework.

1. So, the first test.

(music "Battle of the clock")

2. The task is not simple, but with a trick, crafty. Each team is given a riddle.

she, the team, must guess.

1. And these riddles are about folk crafts.

Snow white dishes

Tell me: where are you from?

Looks like it came from the north

And blossomed with flowers:

blue, blue,

Delicate, beautiful.

Merry white clay,

Circles, stripes on it.

Goats and lambs are funny

A herd of colorful horses.

Nurses and water carriers,

Both riders and children

Dogs, hussars and fish.

Well, call me!

Bobbins are jumping:

Knock-knock-knock!

The handkerchief suddenly appeared

And a collar of white thread

Beautifully done. Take a look!

(Vologda lace)

Carved spoons and ladles

Take a look, don't rush.

There the grass curls and flowers

Grow unearthly beauty.

They shine like gold

Or maybe sun-drenched.

(Khokhloma)

round, iron,

useful in the economy,

Black, yellow, red,

Amazingly beautiful!

(Zhostovo trays)

Growth different girlfriends

Everyone looks alike

One two three four five…

(Matryoshka)

We were blinded by masters

It's time to color us

Horses, young ladies, lambs -

All are tall and slim.

Blue-red stripes

On the sides we can see.

(Filimonov toys)

The boards are made of linden,

And spinning wheels, and horses ...

Painted with flowers

It's like they're half-assed.

Riders gallop there,

Firebirds are flying high

And black and white dots

They burn in the sun.

(Gorodets)

Red roses on a black background

Lilies, poppies, daisies, snowdrops...

They are tied with girls' heads,

The eyes are sly, the faces are tender.

(Pavlovo shawls)

2. Well done, they coped with the task, and the letter of the cherished word (X) appears on the stage.

1. The next test: "Russian patterns"

2. The task is not simple, creative. Each team cuts out a dress, sundress, skirt, suit from paper.

1. The next step: on this product, draw the characteristic features of the pattern of one of the folk crafts. The whole team draws.

2. The name of the fishery on the cards. We invite one team member to the stage to choose a card.

(the names of crafts are written on the cards: Gzhel, Khokhloma, Gorodets, Filimonovskaya toy, Dymkovo toy, Pavlovo-Posad shawls, Zhostovo trays, Polkhov-Maidanovskaya painting, Vologda lace).

1. The job is selected. Start painting.

(music "Fight of the clock". The task is completed, we open the letter P)

2. As from white mosses,

Whether from that log cabin of oak,

A quiet river flowed out.

Like from a white tow

Yes, from long linen,

Yes, from that painted bottom

The girl was spinning a thin thread,

The thread is thin, the thread is strong ...

1. By the spun thread and the character was determined. The thread is thin, even - character

girls are calm, docile; the thread is in knots, breaks - and the character is hot.

And now we are moving on to the next test, it is called "Magic

clew". The team must crochet a 20 cm chain. Time for the competition

- 1 minute.

(music "chill of the clock"

2. That's it, stop! The test is passed and the next letter (A) is revealed on the stage.

1. Any craftswoman can do everything. Even make a hat out of improvised material.

2. Well, well, let's check. I invite one participant from each table to the stage. So we have two teams. This is what you have to create a headdress from: here are men's ties, clothespins, ribbons, flowers, belts.

1. Get ready, start!

(music "Battle of the clock")

2. Stop. Look at these extraordinary hats.

1. How much work and creativity the girls put in.

2. Most importantly, they did everything as a close-knit team. And this, I believe, is one of the main qualities of future guardians: in the art to go hand in hand.

1. And we open the next letter (H).

2. Open, open, open the auction of folk crafts. If you haven't forgotten them, tell me as soon as possible.

1. So, the first table.

(Auction)

2. Keepers know the craft for five

This makes me want to dance.

1. Wait - you will dance, the tests are not all passed, and the letters are not all open.

We open the letter (I).

2. Eh, one, one more time,

And the needle began to dance.

Oh, stitch, another stitch,

Look, I embroidered a bag.

1. You are all joking, sister. And our craftswomen will now embroider the next letter

cherished word.

2. And what letter?

1. The letter T. Let's start.

(music "Battle of the clock", after the task is completed, open the letter (T)

1. Who does not like to take a nap under a warm blanket in a cold winter.

2. Yes (sweetly stretching). But my grandmother made blankets from scraps. And they were so colorful and fun.

1. And now we will try to reproduce the needlework of our grandmothers. The test is as follows: each table of scraps on a sheet of paper makes a colorful, bright picture.

2. So let's get started.

(music "Battle of the clock", competition "Patchwork",

after the task is completed, open the letter (E)

1. Since ancient times, it has been customary that the Russian people always sing songs.

2. Here we are, needlewomen and craftswomen, we will sing.

1. We will sing in turn, at the same time we will find out which table knows how many folk songs.

(TO competition "The Russian soul sings", after the competition opens - (L)

1. So the evening passed.

2. And they learned the cherished word "I am the keeper."

1. Now, you are the guardians, now you protect, enrich and transfer the art of Ancient Rus' to your future masters.

2. And do not forget that handicrafts made with love and kindness bring light and warmth to people.

(music, take out 9 candles on a tray)

1. Take this light and carry it through life, be true guardians of beauty,

creativity, art, love, kindness.

2. May your souls always bring people warmth, joy, the light of life. Take candles.

(music, candles are taken apart, carried to the tables)

1. And now our dedicated masters will present souvenirs to you, dear viewers.

(music, participants of the program give crafts to the audience)

2. It's time to say goodbye to you.

1. Only sadness will be brighter in the heart.

1 and 2 together: May you always be proud of the masters

Generous, songful Rus'!

(musical number)

References

1. Bulletin of program and methodological materials for institutions of additional education for children, No. 3, 2008

2. Magazine "Vneshkolnik", No. 6, 2003

3. Journal "People's Education", No. 11, 2000.

4. “Forgotten crafts”, M. Publishing house “Drofa”, 2004.