Trying to discover the origin of Russian swearing, first of all, you need to pay attention to the fact that millions of people do not know where this language came from. The phenomenon itself is incomprehensible. They say they say, but they don’t know why they say it that way? It involuntarily draws attention. If the origin is unknown, then why is it so stubbornly and steadily used? At the same time, the mat cannot be considered exclusively Russian. It is in Jewish Yiddish. Many experts have long noticed a connection between the Hebrew and Slavic-Novgorod languages. This clearly points to common ancestors. Now the reason for this connection is not difficult to prove.
Swearing is considered obscene language. That is, prohibited for official use. From this we can make a fairly confident assumption that it is pre-literate. The Orthodox Church has always condemned and forbade him. Consequently, it appeared among our ancestors before Byzantine Orthodoxy was universally established in medieval Rus'. And, judging by the fact that Christianity came to Byzantium from Rome, where it appeared in the first centuries of the New Era, therefore, swearing appeared among the Jews before the emergence of this religion.
But here another question arises: the Novgorodians appeared no earlier than the 7th century. New era, and the Jews in Egypt and the Middle East two or three thousand years earlier. How did both of them get the same language, about the origin of which neither one nor the other knows anything? This means that both of them had common ancestors who used this language.
A shallow study of the Russian mat allows us to conclude that its numerous expressions and words have only a few roots. Their semantic meaning varies depending on the endings and pronounced intonation. From one word you can make a dozen others.
Unfortunately, I do not know how, without repeating past stories, to explain another unknown. Because that information is also unique. So I apologize for the repetition.
To understand the world of the ancient pagans, you need to imagine what the Aryan dwelling looked like with its chimney. It was a domed structure similar to the Mongolian yurt. The poles, called prugi, were stuck with thick ends in a circle into the ground. And in the dome, the thin ends converged on a special wheel, where they were tied with straps - a rope. Words familiar to everyone - prugi, rope. From here come the concepts of spouses and the Old Slavonic verv - genus.
The tip of each spring, sticking out inside the chimney wheel, had its own name and sign. The signs were carved on the staff of the tribal leader with "features and cuts" and looked like bird tracks - piste. Hence epistola - letter. Each tip of the pruga was also the bearer of a number, a syllable, a prayer, a name that was given to members of the clan.
In some Aryan clans, the leaders duplicated the names of the tips with a certain knot on the strap, which they constantly carried with them. It was the rope alphabet. Therefore, the words rope, rope, faith, top, twirl have one root. From ver - circle, wheel.
Undoubtedly, only a very simple language could be created from this wheel. But to create a new genus, the ancestor did not need another. The wheel was the matrix of the original language spoken to the hybrid birthing mothers. It is not for nothing that the mat is called obscene language. Or they say: "I swore at my mother."
The word swearing also speaks of its origin from the Aryan smoke wheel. Detail: mother genie. Mat-stick, line. Er - wooden. That is, a pole, a pruga, the end of which stuck out in a chimney wheel. The ending tire means a wheel or a round object. For example: reyshina - ray with a tire. Wheel stick. Eye, fascina, car. Etc. In turn, ji-na - the sky is on. The word "tire" speaks of a smoke wheel that is "in the sky".
To decipher the original meaning of swear words, you can compile a small dictionary.
Ba is the body.
Wa, ka - together
Yes, throat.
E is on top.
Idz \ ij - the sky.
Y - tip.
P - attach, attach.
Ku - together, small
La - lips, fingers.
Ma is the body.
Man - wheel, circle, round.
T - stand.
Now we add p-idz - yes - a throat attached to the sky. Smoke hole of an Aryan dwelling.
We double-check: man-da - wheel-throat. According to him, names were given and genera were made, therefore in some languages man means “man”.
The very word mat means all that is worth. This is grass - mint, and hair by which a woman was distinguished from a man. Hence the words mat and mother sound the same. Mat, also, is just a stick.
The most commonly used obscene name for the male genital organ comes from two syllable words ku - y. Ku - together, th - tip. Along with a tip.
Compiling a language template was not particularly difficult. Therefore, the Aryan tribal leaders, having the skill, easily designed new languages. They used this primitive language in communication with women in childbirth. They, in turn, passed it on to their children.
With the increase in the number of genera and with the complication of life in general, languages were replenished with new constructed words based on the original template. The Aryans created enclaves all over the world. Therefore, in completely different languages, you can find these template words. For example, in Chechen there is a word bud, meaning the female genital organ. In Russian, a booth, a wake-up call. The capital of Hungary is Budapest. The Tibetan religion is called Buddhism.
What is the connection, you ask? - Yes, in that bud is one of the synonyms that the Aryans called the smoke hole of their dwelling. Bud-ka - with a hole together. Come on - on top of the hole together. The smoke hole, from which in the morning the tribal leader moved the hatch with a long hatch, announcing the booth.
The toponym Buda - Pest directly points to the bud of the furnace. That is, the round wheel of the chimney, according to which the Aryans gave names to members of the genus. In this case, the name means "ancestral dwelling" or "ancestral dwellings". The giant city began with several families created here by the Aryan leaders.
In ancient Turkic, the word "budun" means "people". Bud-un is one hole. And Russian " means people - from above the clan. The Wheel of the Family, according to which the names of the members of the family were given.
About the fact that names were given on this wheel. says the well-known surname Budanov. It comes from bud-an - a hole from above.
In past centuries, in the Dagestan villages there was a public position "budun". This person was obliged to monitor the night time and so that the sentries guarding the village did not sleep. He kept track of time by the stars and, at exactly the same time, made a wake-up call to the people by rattling his baton into a suspended copper basin.
The name of the religion with the root Bud says that in connection with the smoke wheel, a rather complex set of knowledge has developed. To understand the origin of the god Buddha himself, it is enough to read my decoding of the myth about Jesus Christ. These are two different descriptions of the appearance of the first light after the polar night in the smoke holes of the Aryan polar dwellings. Only in the first case it was called idz-uz - the sky is narrow. And in the second bud-yes - a round hole.
A common swear word used to call walkers and women in general is another synonym for a smoke hole. Lyada is still called in the south the entrance to the attic of the house. B-lyad - the body of the lyad, the body-hole. Kolyada - the name of a few hours of the evening before Christmas comes from kolyada - a circle of lyada. That is, an open smoke wheel-lyada.
That's all. There are a couple more swear words. Use the dictionary yourself. You will succeed.
I was always surprised that not a single philologist wrote me a single word on such things. Even maternal. True, once a doctor of science from a well-known university noticed that there were spelling errors in my text and punctuation marks were incorrectly placed. A very helpful note. I wanted to immediately go to high school to finish my studies. It’s a pity that he didn’t take the elephant ... .., sorry, I didn’t notice.
(By the way! The word min-et consists of a min-hole, et - from above. That is, a mouth. A medieval dig under the walls of a besieged fortress is a mine. The same hole. The titles of the Chinese emperors of the Ming dynasty and the name of the Egyptian god Ming come from the hole of the Aryan smoke wheel dwellings. The only source of light in the dark chamber is the headlight. Hence the farah-on. The headlight is round.
As a child, I heard the following story from the old people of our village: During the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, the Cossacks asked the Bulgarians: “Why do you laugh when someone asks for a match?” They answered that in their language the word "picka" means the female genital organ. From the parent language, this can be translated as p-ij-ka - putting the sky together. All the same smoke hole of the Aryan dwelling. As a result, it turns out that no matter how you avoid using swear words, you still sometimes unwittingly do this by mentioning an ordinary match in a conversation. If in one of the related Slavic languages “picka” is the very place for a woman, then a wooden stick with a red sulfur tip is a male organ, which is intended for this place.
Philosophers gentlemen! Study the saw of the logos more carefully! And when your great and mighty one reaches the proper height, you will understand the difference between a house conic and a condom. And at the same time learn to distinguish pichka from kichka.
Psychologists believe that foul language is an excellent way to relieve stress and restore energy. Some historians consider the Russian mate to be the result of the destruction of taboos. In the meantime, experts are conducting professional disputes, among the people "they don't swear, they talk in it." Today we are talking about the origin of the Russian mat.
There is an opinion that in pre-Tatar Rus' they did not know a “strong word”, and cursing, they compared each other with various domestic animals. However, linguists and philologists do not agree with this statement. Archaeologists claim that for the first time the Russian mat was mentioned in a birch-bark letter from the beginning of the 12th century. True, what exactly was written in that letter, archaeologists will not make public. Let's try to understand the intricacies of profanity, which is an integral part of the Russian language.
As a rule, speaking about the mat and its origin, linguists and philologists distinguish three main derivative words. These derivatives include the name of the male genital organ, the name of the female genital organ, and the name of what happens in a fortunate combination of circumstances between the male and female genital organ. Some linguists, in addition to the anatomical and physiological derivatives, add another social derivative, namely, the word that a woman of easy virtue is called. Of course, there are other obscene roots, but these four, among the people, are the most productive and effective.
Delight, surprise, consent and more
Perhaps the most frequently used word among profanity, the word that is most often written on fences throughout Russia, refers to the male sexual organ. Linguists have not agreed on a common opinion about where this word came from. Some experts attribute Old Slavic roots to the word, arguing that in ancient times it meant “hide” and sounded like “how to”. And the word "forge" in the imperative mood sounded like "forge". Another theory attributes the word to Proto-Indo-European roots. In which the root "hu" meant "process".Today it is extremely difficult to talk about the persuasiveness of each of the theories. What can be unequivocally stated is that the word is very ancient, no matter how people with diosincrasia of obscene vocabulary would like it. It is also worth noting that “this very word” of three letters is the most productive root that forms new words in Russian. This word can express doubt, surprise, indignation, delight, refusal, threat, consent, despondency, encouragement, etc., etc. Only in the Wikipedia article of the same name there are more than seven dozen idioms and words that are formed from this root.
Theft, fight and death
The word denoting the female genital organs is less productive in Russian obscene vocabulary than the word - the representative of the stronger sex. Nevertheless, this word gave the Russian language quite a lot of expressions that reflect the severity of Russian reality in the best possible way. So, words with the same root from this well-known word often mean: lie, mislead, beat, steal, talk incessantly. Set expressions, as a rule, denote a course of events that does not unfold according to plan, an educational process, a fight, a beating, failure, and even a breakdown or death.The origin of this word, some especially fierce linguists attribute to Sanskrit. However, this theory does not withstand even the most humane criticism. The most convincing theory, the researchers consider the origin of the Proto-Indo-European languages. There, according to scientists, the words with the same root as the second most popular word in Russian mat meant “saddle”, “what they sit on”, “garden” and “nest”. It is also worth noting that this word can have both a strictly negative connotation and a positive one.
About sexual intercourse and not only about it
The word that today in obscene vocabulary means sexual intercourse comes from the Proto-Indo-European language (jebh- / oibh- or *ojebh) and in its purest form means "to have sexual intercourse." In Russian, this word has given rise to a huge number of very popular idioms. One of the most popular is the phrase "f*ck your mother." Linguists claim that the ancient Slavs used this expression in the context of "Yes, I'm fit for your fathers!". Other expressions with this verb are known today, meaning to mislead, to express indifference, to make claims.Mat devaluation
In fairness, it should be noted that many Russian writers were distinguished by the ability to insert a “strong word” into their speech. There was a mate even in some poems. Of course, this is not about fairy tales and not about love lyrics, but about friendly epigrams and satirical works. And it is worth noting that the great Pushkin owns swearing organically and skillfully:Shut up, godfather; and you, like me, are sinful,
And you will break everyone with words;
In someone else's d ** de straw you see
And you don’t even see the logs!
(“From the All-Night Evening...”)
The trouble with the modern Russian language is that today, due to various circumstances, the mat is being devalued. It is used so widely that the expression of expressions and the very essence of the mat is lost. As a result, this impoverishes the Russian language and, oddly enough, the culture of speech. The words spoken by another famous poet, Vladimir Mayakovsky, are suitable for today's situation.
In 2013, on March 19, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted a bill banning obscene language in the media. Those from the media that still dare to use one or another "strong" word will have to pay a fine of about 200 thousand rubles. It is noteworthy that deputies from the United Russia faction became ardent supporters of this bill, who commented on their actions as a desire to protect the country's population from an immoral information environment. However, most Russians believe that the fight against obscenity is useless. Neither campaigning nor fines will help in this. The main thing is internal culture and upbringing.
At the end of June, the State Duma supported a bill that would increase the punishment for using obscenities in the family and public places. More than once, attempts were made to toughen responsibility for obscene language, both under tsarism and after the revolution. Lidia Malygina, Associate Professor of the Department of Stylistics of the Russian Language at the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, Scientific Supervisor of the Distance Learning System, spoke about how unprintable words penetrated into public life in our country and in the West, about the history and meaning of the “KP” swear word
If there were no problem, there would be no law. The question arises: who initially taught the Russian people to swear?
- One of the most common versions is the Tatar-Mongols. But in fact, this vocabulary has nothing to do with them. Russian mat of Slavic origin. Four roots known to every Russian person can be found in Macedonian, and in Slovenian, and in other Slavic languages.
Most likely, the mat was an element of pagan cults associated with fertility, for example, with a conspiracy of cattle or a call for rain. The literature describes in detail such a custom: a Serbian peasant throws an ax up and utters obscene words, trying to make it rain.
Why have such words become taboo?
- When Christianity came to Rus', the church began an active struggle against pagan cults, including swear words as one of the manifestations of the cult. Hence such a strong taboo of these forms. This is what distinguishes Russian obscenity from obscene vocabulary in other languages. Of course, since then the Russian language has been actively developing and changing, and with it the Russian language. New swear words have appeared, but they are based on the same four standard roots. Some harmless words that existed before became obscene. For example, the word "dick". “Dick” is a letter of the pre-revolutionary alphabet, and the verb “fuck” was used in the meaning of “cross out”. Now this word is not yet included in the category of swear words, but it is already actively approaching it.
– There is a myth about the uniqueness of Russian obscene language. Is it so?
- The comparison with English is curious. Obscene words have always puzzled British philologists with their nature. As early as 1938, the linguist Chase emphasized: “If someone mentions sexual intercourse, then this does not shock anyone. But if someone pronounces an old Anglo-Saxon four-letter word, most people will freeze in horror.”
The premiere of Bernard Shaw's play "Pygmalion" in 1914 was awaited with great impatience. A rumor was started up that, according to the author's intention, the actress playing the main female role should utter an obscene word from the stage. When asked by Freddie if she was going to walk home, Eliza Doolittle had to say very emotionally: "Not bloody likely!". The intrigue persisted to the last. During the premiere, the actress nevertheless uttered an obscene word. The effect was indescribable: noise, laughter, whistling, clatter. Bernard Shaw even decided to leave the hall, deciding that the play was doomed. Now the British are complaining that they have actually lost this favorite curse of theirs, which has already lost its former strength, because the word has become too common.
Lidia MALYGINA - Associate Professor, Department of Russian Language Stylistics, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University Photo: Archive "KP"
- Probably, after the sexual revolution of the 1960s, the situation changed a lot, and obscene words literally poured onto the pages of the press?
- Certainly. Think back to Great Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Then even the legs of the piano were dressed in covers so that they would not cause random erotic associations! In the second half of the twentieth century, contraceptives are rapidly developing, the pornography industry is growing. Marriage for life, fidelity of spouses began to look like old-fashioned prejudices. Yes, and heterosexuality in marriage has ceased to be a prerequisite. It is noteworthy that at that time the attitude towards obscene words also changed. There are two linguistic collections devoted to obscene language. The first one was published in the USA in 1980. The second one was published in the United Kingdom and the USA in 1990. Several articles about vulgarisms appear in these directories at once. Examples of the use of obscene language were given in clear text.
- And yet they punished for the mat. In a famous case, in the midst of anti-war protests in the United States in 1968, a young man who did not want to serve on the draft was prosecuted for wearing a jacket with the inscription: “F ... the draft!”.
- Yes. Another well-known case is the 12-minute radio program "Foul Words". Satirist George Carlin listed seven words that should not be spoken on the radio, and then began to discuss this problem. One of the listeners was driving in a car with a child and accidentally heard the program. He immediately called the editor of the program and complained.
Another well-known scandal was caused by the fact that newspapers in the late 1970s. published an obscene statement that a player said to the referee during a sports competition: “f ... cheating cunt”. And in works of art, without any disguise, the rudest words began to appear. In a guide to St. Petersburg, Western authors do not hesitate to explain Russian vulgarisms, for example, b... (whore) - which is usually rendered as simply b... (short version of the word - Ed.) - and plays an equivalent role to 'f ...' in English for those who use it as a verbal stutter.
- Russian journalists also like to use obscene words and expressions, disguising them a little so as not to formally violate the law banning swearing in the media ...
- Yes, softer expressions instead of rude ones often cover in the text easily guessed obscene expressions, swear words and curses: “Dick Advocaat: UEFA for yourself!”; "Hugh Hefner and Dasha Astafieva: Hugh knows her ..."; “And he stole deposits worth 2 billion ... But he himself ended up in a complete “hopra””; or "Russia in CHOP" - the title of a special report on private security companies or the title of a film about losing weight "I'm losing weight, dear editors!".
– Are there other languages besides Russian in which obscene vocabulary is divided into ordinary swear words and into strictly taboo words, the use of which is prohibited in any situation and in any context?
– In this sense, the Russian language is unique. Although, for example, the obscene vocabulary of the Spanish language is also associated with the sexual sphere, in contrast to German (in German, this is the sphere of excrement). But in Spanish there is no such taboo, so the first academic dictionaries of the Spanish language contained such vocabulary, but the dictionaries of the Russian language did not. In general, the first dictionary fixation of swearing dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. This is the third edition of Dahl's dictionary, edited by Baudouin de Courtenay. But such activities of dictionary compilers quickly ended, since the Soviet authorities banned the use of obscenities, and the third edition of Dahl's dictionary was sharply criticized.
Russian obscenity called a system of words that have a negative color (cursing, name-calling), which are not accepted by the norms of public morality. In other words, swearing is profanity. Where did the Russian mat come from?
Origin of the word "mat"
There is a version that the very word "mate" has the meaning of "voice". But a greater number of researchers are sure that "mat" comes from "mother" and is an abbreviated expression "swear", "send to mother".
The origin of the Russian mat
Where did the mat in Russian come from?
- First, some of the swear words were borrowed from other languages (for example, Latin). There were versions that the mat also came to the Russian language from the Tatar (during the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars). But these assumptions have been refuted.
- Secondly, most of the swear words and curses came from the Proto-Indo-European language, as well as Old Slavonic. Thus, the mat in the Russian language is still “one’s own”, from the ancestors.
There are also certain versions of the origin, where did the swear words come from in the Russian language. Here are some of them:
- Earth related.
- Associated with parents.
- Associated with the sinking of the earth, earthquakes.
There is an opinion that many swear words were used by pagan Slavs in their rites and rituals to protect themselves from evil forces. This point of view is quite viable. Also, the pagans used the mat in wedding ceremonies, agricultural. But they did not have any great semantic load, especially swearing.
The lexical composition of Russian obscenities
The researchers noticed that the number of swear words is high. But, if you are more careful, you can see: the root of the words is often common, only the ending changes or prefixes and suffixes are added. Most of the words in Russian mate are connected in one way or another with the sexual sphere, the genitals. It is important that these words have no neutral analogues in the literature. More often they are simply replaced with words with the same meaning, but in Latin. The peculiarity of the Russian mat is its richness and diversity. This can be said about the Russian language as a whole.
Russian mat in a historical aspect
Since the adoption of Christianity in Rus', there have been decrees regulating the use of obscenities. This, of course, was an initiative on the part of the church. In general, in Christianity, swearing is a sin. But the swear word managed to penetrate so much into all segments of the population that the measures taken were absolutely ineffective.
Letters of the twelfth century contain obscene words in the form of rhymes. Mat was used in various notes, ditties, letters. Of course, many words that have now become obscene, used to have a milder meaning. According to the sources of the fifteenth century, then there were a large number of swear words, which were even called rivers and villages.
After a couple of centuries, swearing became very widespread. Swearing finally became "obscene" in the eighteenth century. This is due to the fact that during this period there was a separation of the literary language from the spoken language. In the Soviet Union, the fight against swearing was very stubborn. This was expressed in penalties for foul language in public places. However, this has rarely been done in practice.
Today in Russia there is also a fight against swearing, especially on television and in the media.
Sidorov G.A. about the origin of the Russian mat.
The origin of the Russian mat. Magazine Life is Interesting.
Math is an ambiguous concept. Some consider it unacceptable, while others cannot imagine emotional communication without strong expression. But it is impossible to argue with the fact that the obscenity has long become an integral part of the Russian language, and it is used not only by uncultured people, but also by well-educated representatives of society. Historians claim that Pushkin, Mayakovsky, Bunin, and Tolstoy sweared with pleasure and defended it as an integral part of the Russian language. Where did swear words come from, and what do the most common of them actually mean?
Where did mat come from
Many believe that foul language originates from the time of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, but linguist historians have long refuted this fact. The Golden Horde and most nomadic tribes were Muslims, and representatives of this religion do not defile their lips with swearing, and it is considered the biggest insult for them to call a person an “unclean” animal - for example, a pig or a donkey. Accordingly, the Russian mat has a more ancient history and goes back to ancient Slavic beliefs and traditions.
By the way, the designation of the male causal place in the Turkic dialects sounds absolutely harmless - kutah. The carriers of the fairly common and harmonious surname Kutakhov would be surprised to find out what it really means!
A common three-letter word, according to one version, is the imperative mood of the verb "hovat", that is, to hide
Most ethnographers and linguists claim that swear words originated from the Proto-Indo-European language, which was spoken by the ancestors of the ancient Slavs, Germanic tribes and many other peoples. The difficulty lies in the fact that its speakers did not leave any written sources, so the language had to be reconstructed literally bit by bit.
The word "mat" itself has several variants of origin. According to one of them, it once meant a scream or a loud voice - confirmation of this theory is the expression "Screaming with a good obscenity", which has come down to our times. Other researchers argue that the term comes from the word "mother", since most of the obscene constructions send an objectionable person to a certain mother, or imply sexual relations with her.
The exact origin and etymology of swear words also remains unclear - linguists and ethnologists put forward many versions on this matter. Only three are considered the most likely.
- Communication with parents. In the days of Ancient Rus', old people and parents were treated with great respect and reverence, so all words with sexual overtones regarding the mother were considered a serious insult to a person.
- Connection with Slavic conspiracies. In the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, the genitals occupied a special place - it was believed that they contained the magical power of a person, and when referring to it, willy-nilly, one had to remember those very places. In addition, our ancestors believed that devils, witches and other dark entities are extremely bashful and cannot stand swear words, so they used foul language as protection from the unclean.
- Communication with peoples of other faiths. In some ancient Russian texts there is a mention that swearing is of “Jewish” or “dog” origin, but this does not mean that non-Zentsurshchina came to us from Judaism. The ancient Slavs called any other people's beliefs dog-like, and words borrowed from representatives of such religions were used as curses.
Some experts believe that the mat was invented as a secret language
Another common misconception is that the Russian language is the richest in obscene words of all. In fact, philologists distinguish from 4 to 7 basic structures, and all the rest are formed from them using suffixes, prefixes and prepositions.
Most popular swear words
In Serbia, whose language is related to Russian, obscene words are much less taboo
- X**. The most common swear word that can be found on walls and fences around the world. According to Wikipedia, at least 70 different words and idioms are derived from it, ranging from the short and understandable to everyone “go to f*ck”, ending with the more original “f**k” or “one f**k”. In addition, this word can be called one of the oldest and most respected in the Russian language - many researchers believe that it goes back to the Pranostratic language, which was formed in the 11th millennium BC. The most common theory of its origin is from the Indo-European skeu-, which meant "shoot" or "sprout". From him came the more harmless and censorship word "needles".
- x*r. This word, as it used to be, was quite decent and often used - that was the name of the 23rd letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, which after the reform turned into the letter X. Researchers name different reasons for its transformation into an obscene statement. According to one theory, x*rum was once called the cross, and the defenders of paganism cursed the first Christians who actively planted their faith in Rus', telling them “Go to x*r,” which meant “die like your God.” The second version says that in the Proto-Indo-European language this word was used to refer to a goat, including an idol-patron of fertility, which had a large sexual organ.
According to one version, shoemakers used foul language more often than others because they hit their fingers with a hammer
On the one hand, the frequent use of swear words indicates a low culture of a person, but on the other hand, they are part of the history, literature and even the mentality of the Russian people. As the famous joke goes, a foreigner who lived in Russia for five years could not understand why "pi**ato" is good, and "f*ck" is bad, and "pi**ets" is worse, than "f*ck" and "ooh*no" is better than "pi**ato".
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