At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia underwent severe trials. War and famine, endless uprisings and revolutions have left their mark on the destinies of people. Many innocent people died, including women and children. It was the era of Stalin. Despotism and terror persecuted the people. There was no bread in the country, and all hope was only in the village. She was pressed by the government to be one of the easy ways to get food. And the village gave everything it had, receiving nothing in return. So it was during the war, but so it was after it ended. The village was pressed with the same force, but it had already exhausted all its wealth and came to complete impoverishment. AI Solzhenitsyn was an eyewitness to all these events. And this is reflected in his work. In his works, he so boldly and vividly shows the tragedy of the village that you yourself feel all the bitterness and resentment of the peasants who cannot change their lives. And one of these works is the story "Matryona Dvor".
Solzhenitsyn is one of the few who dared to show the state of the countryside so boldly and openly. In this story, we see everything through the eyes of a man who came to the village of Talnovo to teach. The writer writes from nature, without embellishing reality.
We see Matrenin yard. We are struck by a strong, solid house, which is a little worn out from old age. Matryona's life was not easy. For many years she "didn't make money from anywhere." She was not paid a pension. “She worked on the collective farm not for money - for sticks. For the sticks of workdays in the grimy book of the accountant.
“Matryona got married before the revolution. She had six children, and one after another they all died very early, so that two did not live at once. “There were a lot of injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered an invalid; she was not entitled to a pension for herself, and she could only get it for her husband, that is, for the loss of a breadwinner. My husband has been gone for fifteen years, and it is not easy to get all the certificates. "Each penetration is a day." Being ill, Matrena could not call a doctor from the village first-aid post. It was amazing in Talnov. They ate unflaked potatoes, or cardboard soup (as they called it), or barley porridge (there was no other cereal, and even barley was the cheapest, they fattened pigs and took bags with it). There was no oil in the Peat product, margarine was in great demand, but only combined fat was free. Furnaces were heated in the village with peat. Peat was stolen from the trust. “The women gathered in five, ten, so that they were bolder. We went during the day. During the summer, peat was dug up everywhere and stacked to dry. It dries until autumn. During this time, the women took him.
Matryona was a spiritual person. She helped everyone: to dig in the neighbors' garden or something else, she could help out on the collective farm. And she couldn't refuse anyone. Matryona had an adopted daughter, Kira. She raised her as her own, instead of her weak ones. She put her soul and love into it and bequeathed the house to her. Married her to a young machinist in Cheryusty. And later, when Kira arrived with her husband, Thaddeus, the brother of Matryona's husband, became worried. He wanted to keep the site in Cheryusty, but in order to do this, it was necessary to put up some kind of building, and Matryona's hut was just right for this. And they began to demand half of the house from Matryona now, during her lifetime. The house was almost destroyed, and Matryona also helped Thaddeus and his sons. And when the logs were taken across the railway, Matryona and two more people die. One of them is the son of Thaddeus. And before Thaddeus had time to mourn his son, he immediately went to Matryona's house, further breaking it. The three sisters of Matrena wanted to get a hut. When they brought everything that was left of Matryona, the villagers came to stand and look. “All the women, even if they went into the hut out of empty curiosity, they all wept from the door and from the walls. And the men stood silently at attention, taking off their hats. “In weeping, I noticed a coldly thought-out, primordial routine.” There is a certain falseness here, the play of actors on stage. And Solzhenitsyn showed this very well. “Thaddeus only briefly came to stand at the coffins, holding on to his beard.
His high forehead was darkened by a heavy thought, but this thought was - to save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of the Matryona sisters. It is terrible to read about those whose greed has swallowed up all their feelings. Here a person is not interested in anything, except for material wealth, benefits from something. Here you need to take as much as possible. Solzhenitsyn shows what kind of people live in the village of Talnovo. People who, because of the old house, can step over loved ones for the sake of some logs.
This story shows a state that is not interested in how people who have worked for it all their lives live and work. The bureaucratic apparatus is shown, which does not work for a person. Solzhenitsyn showed that the country's wealth does not belong to the people. People are serfs of the state.
“Matryona Dvor” is a pain for the souls of people crippled by greed, who are used to taking property not only from the dead, but also from the living. The story leads to certain thoughts that are frightening. The tragedy of the Russian countryside is that the peasants are ruled by people from the city who understand nothing about agriculture. And Solzhenitsyn was the first to show the tragedy of the Russian countryside in such a truthful and honest form.
The journal Novy Mir published several works by Solzhenitsyn, among them Matrenin Dvor. The story, according to the writer, "is completely autobiographical and authentic." It talks about the Russian village, about its inhabitants, about their values, about kindness, justice, sympathy and compassion, work and help - qualities that fit in a righteous man, without whom "the village does not stand."
"Matryona Dvor" is a story about the injustice and cruelty of a person's fate, about the Soviet order of the post-Stalin era and about the life of the most ordinary people who live far from city life. The narration is conducted not on behalf of the main character, but on behalf of the narrator, Ignatich, who in the whole story seems to play the role of only an outside observer. What is described in the story dates back to 1956 - three years have passed since the death of Stalin, and then the Russian people did not yet know and did not realize how to live on.
Matrenin Dvor is divided into three parts:
- The first tells the story of Ignatich, it begins at the Torfprodukt station. The hero immediately reveals the cards, without making any secret of it: he is a former prisoner, and now works as a teacher at a school, he came there in search of peace and tranquility. In Stalin's time, it was almost impossible for people who had been imprisoned to find a job, and after the death of the leader, many became school teachers (a scarce profession). Ignatich stops at an elderly hardworking woman named Matrena, with whom he is easy to communicate and calm at heart. Her dwelling was poor, the roof sometimes leaked, but this did not mean at all that there was no comfort in it: “Maybe, to someone from the village, who is richer, Matryona’s hut didn’t seem well-lived, but we were with her that autumn and winter good."
- The second part tells about the youth of Matryona, when she had to go through a lot. The war took her fiancé Fadey away from her, and she had to marry his brother, who had children in his arms. Taking pity on him, she became his wife, although she did not love him at all. But three years later, Fadey suddenly returned, whom the woman still loved. The returned warrior hated her and her brother for their betrayal. But the hard life could not kill her kindness and hard work, because it was in work and caring for others that she found solace. Matrena even died doing business - she helped her lover and her sons drag a part of her house over the railway tracks, which was bequeathed to Kira (his own daughter). And this death was brought about by Fadey's greed, greed and callousness: he decided to take away the inheritance while Matryona was still alive.
- The third part talks about how the narrator finds out about the death of Matryona, describes the funeral and commemoration. Her relatives cry not from grief, but rather because it is customary, and in their heads they only think about the division of the property of the deceased. Fadey is not at the wake.
Main characters
Matrena Vasilievna Grigorieva is an elderly woman, a peasant woman, who was released from work on a collective farm due to illness. She was always happy to help people, even strangers. In the episode when the narrator settles in her hut, the author mentions that she never intentionally looked for a lodger, that is, she did not want to earn money on this basis, she did not even profit from what she could. Her wealth was pots of ficuses and an old domestic cat that she took from the street, a goat, and also mice and cockroaches. Matrena also married her fiancé's brother out of a desire to help: "Their mother died ... they did not have enough hands."
Matryona herself also had children, six, but they all died in early childhood, so she later took her youngest daughter Fadeya Kira to be raised. Matryona got up early in the morning, worked until dark, but did not show fatigue or discontent to anyone: she was kind and responsive to everyone. She was always very afraid of becoming someone's burden, she did not complain, she was even afraid to call the doctor once again. Matryona, who had matured, Kira, wanted to donate her room, for which it was necessary to share the house - during the move, Fadey's things got stuck in a sled on the railway tracks, and Matryona fell under a train. Now there was no one to ask for help, there was no person ready to selflessly come to the rescue. But the relatives of the deceased kept in mind only the thought of gain, of sharing what was left of the poor peasant woman, already thinking about it at the funeral. Matryona stood out very much against the background of her fellow villagers; she was thus irreplaceable, invisible and the only righteous man.
Narrator, Ignatich, to some extent is the prototype of the writer. He left the link and was acquitted, then set off in search of a calm and serene life, he wanted to work as a school teacher. He found refuge at Matryona. Judging by the desire to move away from the bustle of the city, the narrator is not very sociable, he loves silence. He worries when a woman mistakenly takes his quilted jacket, and finds no place for himself from the volume of the loudspeaker. The narrator got along with the mistress of the house, this shows that he is still not completely asocial. However, he does not understand people very well: he understood the meaning that Matryona lived only after she passed away.
Topics and issues
Solzhenitsyn in the story "Matryona Dvor" tells about the life of the inhabitants of the Russian village, about the system of relationships between power and man, about the high meaning of selfless labor in the realm of selfishness and greed.
Of all this, the theme of labor is most clearly shown. Matryona is a person who does not ask for anything in return, and is ready to give herself everything for the benefit of others. They don’t appreciate it and don’t even try to understand it, but this is a person who experiences a tragedy every day: at first, the mistakes of youth and the pain of loss, then frequent illnesses, hard work, not life, but survival. But from all the problems and hardships, Matryona finds solace in work. And, in the end, it is work and overwork that lead her to death. The meaning of Matrena's life is precisely this, and also care, help, the desire to be needed. Therefore, active love for neighbor is the main theme of the story.
The problem of morality also occupies an important place in the story. Material values in the village are exalted above the human soul and its labor, above humanity in general. The secondary characters are simply incapable of understanding the depth of Matryona's character: greed and the desire to possess more blind their eyes and do not allow them to see kindness and sincerity. Fadey lost his son and wife, his son-in-law is threatened with imprisonment, but his thoughts are how to save the logs that they did not have time to burn.
In addition, there is a theme of mysticism in the story: the motive of an unidentified righteous man and the problem of cursed things - which were touched by people full of self-interest. Fadey made Matryona's upper room cursed, undertaking to bring it down.
Idea
The above themes and problems in the story "Matryona Dvor" are aimed at revealing the depth of the pure worldview of the main character. An ordinary peasant woman is an example of the fact that difficulties and losses only harden a Russian person, and do not break him. With the death of Matrena, everything that she figuratively built collapses. Her house is being torn apart, the rest of the property is divided among themselves, the yard remains empty, ownerless. Therefore, her life looks pitiful, no one is aware of the loss. But won't the same thing happen to the palaces and jewels of the mighty of this world? The author demonstrates the frailty of the material and teaches us not to judge others by wealth and achievements. The true meaning is the moral image, which does not fade even after death, because it remains in the memory of those who saw its light.
Maybe, over time, the heroes will notice that they are missing a very important part of their lives: invaluable values. Why disclose global moral problems in such a wretched scenery? And what then is the meaning of the title of the story "Matryona Dvor"? The last words that Matryona was a righteous woman erase the boundaries of her court and push them to the scale of the whole world, thereby making the problem of morality universal.
Folk character in the work
Solzhenitsyn argued in the article “Repentance and Self-Restriction”: “There are such born angels, they seem to be weightless, they seem to glide over this slurry, without drowning in it at all, even touching its surface with their feet? Each of us met such people, there are not ten or a hundred of them in Russia, they are the righteous, we saw them, were surprised (“eccentrics”), used their kindness, in good moments answered them the same, they dispose, - and immediately sank again to our doomed depth.
Matryona is distinguished from the rest by the ability to maintain humanity and a solid core inside. To those who shamelessly used her help and kindness, it might seem that she was weak-willed and malleable, but the heroine helped, based only on inner disinterestedness and moral greatness.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!The action of Alexander Solzhenitsyn's story takes place in the 50s of the 20th century in a Russian village far from civilization. These were the times of the totalitarian regime, when many difficulties fell to the lot of the common people.
The main character of the work is Matryona, a simple kind woman who is an example of a righteous person who does not change her principles.
The fate of Matryona is an artistic reflection of the tragic fate of many Russian women of the 20th century. The heroine survived the war, lost love and all her children. In addition, in her old age she was tormented by some kind of illness. But, nevertheless, the woman did not become embittered, but on the contrary, she strove to do more good to people. This is a vivid example of righteous behavior: when a person gives a lot without receiving anything in return.
Matryona lives by the principle: do not spare your goodness or work for others. She always helps her fellow villagers when asked. But in return, she receives only ridicule. Why don't people understand the heroine? The reason lies in the difference in worldview.
- a kind soul, a modest hardworking woman. She did not consider her actions significant and did not expect gratitude for them. When it was necessary, for example, to help a neighbor dig a garden, she ran to her, forgetting even about her illness. There was not even a question of money, Matryona did not demand it from anyone, although she needed it. This is what true selflessness is!
However, the entourage of the main character is mostly degenerate, prudent and devoid of compassion. And therefore they cannot understand that Matryona's disinterestedness is a manifestation of high spirituality. For them, selflessness is just a manifestation of stupidity, naivety.
The relationship of others with Matryona is practical inhumane. They simply use the kindness of the heroine, while mocking her disinterestedness.
Her ex-lover Thaddeus treats Matryona especially badly. Once they wanted to get married, but the war separated them. In the village, they thought that he was missing - and therefore, after a while, Matryona was married to his younger brother Yefim. However, it turned out that the man was alive and returned to his native village. Upon learning of the wedding of his brother and beloved, he became embittered - and married another woman with the same name - Matryona. He did not love his wife and often beat him.
He remains interested in the first Matryona, but also selfish. He demands that the upper room be separated from her hut in order to give it to her daughter Kira, whom Matryona once raised as her own. The old man does not care that the hut can collapse, because he is eager to get a benefit for himself.
The relationship between Matryona and those around her is practical on the part of others and disinterested on the part of Matryona.
And yet there is a person in the story who understands Matryona - this is. He is just as lonely and restless as she is. Arriving one day in her yard, Ignatich realizes that he has found that secluded place where the soul will be calm. And in the face of Matryona, he saw an understanding interlocutor.
TOPIC OF THE LESSON : "THE RIGHTEOUS WOMAN OF THE RUSSIAN EARTH"
(according to the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin Dvor”).
Lesson type : study lesson
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
- help students think about such moral concepts as kindness, sensitivity, conscience, humanity.
- “following the author” to follow the fate of a Russian woman who withstood the harsh trials of life and managed to maintain a kind and sympathetic soul;
- find out what qualities allowed the author to call the heroine the righteous of the Russian land.
MATERIALS FOR THE LESSON:
- A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”;
- portrait of the writer;
- audio recording of the story "Matryonin Dvor";
- multimedia presentation on the topic of the lesson.
- printed table "Methods of creating the image of a hero."
DURING THE CLASSES.
Epigraph:
To end,
To the silent cross
Let the soul
Stay clean!
N. Rubtsov.
1 .Reflection. Creating a problem situation in the classroom.
Teacher's word under a slow composition.
One day, the inhabitants of Athens, gathered in the square, saw Demosthenes, who on a hot sunny day walked around the city with a lantern in his hands.
Why do you need a flashlight, because it's so light? And what are you looking for? they asked him.
I'm looking for a man, Demosthenes answered.
The Athenians were surprised and asked him the same question a second time.
Human,” Demosthenes answered again.
Human? This is who: me, him, or maybe that one over there .., - the inhabitants of Athens laughed.
I am looking for a person...
So who do you think Demosthenes was looking for with a lantern in his hands?
(Remember that when answering questions, you take 6th tokens, according to the number of which will be graded at the end of the lesson).
What qualities should a person have in order to have a name for him?
A man with a capital letter? How should he live? We will try to find answers to these and other questions from Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, because a real writer thinks about life, understands life and people more deeply.
2. Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson(slide number 1)
Working with an epigraph(write in notebook - check at the end of the lesson). - What is an epigraph? What is it for?
What is its meaning and how well it is chosen, we will talk at the end of the lesson, when we will sum up.
3. Checking d / z. Content survey.
The cover of the book often reveals the content of the work. In different years, in various publishing houses, the story “Matryona Dvor” was published. The covers were different.(slide number 2 - number 4) Look (slide number 5), Which of the covers, in your opinion, is brighter, more accurate, more deeply reflects the content of the story?
What would you depict on the cover as an illustrator? And what are the most memorable episodes of the story would you illustrate?
4. Work with the text of the work.
So, you have read the work, let's turn to its beginning.
The narrator, returning from prison, decides to settle (“get lost”, as he himself says) “in the most interior, condo Russia” ( slide number 6)
Sl. slave. - interior - internal; kondovy - primordial, retaining old customs, foundations) and fate brings him to Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva. (Divide the notebook into two columns: in the first you will write down the character traits of Matryona, in the second - the methods and techniques for creating her image. You will make notes in the notebook during the entire lesson).
Remember the circumstances under which the first acquaintance of the author and readers with Matryona takes place?
Why is she not among the "applicants" who could let a guest in? Does Matrena want to get such a profitable tenant? What does it say? How does he explain the reason for the refusal?
For the inhabitants of the village, Matrena is a useless hostess who does not have the opportunity to receive a guest well in her neglected house. But the hero-narrator suddenly feels that this life is inwardly close to him - and remains to live with Matryona.
How did the old peasant woman, a simple worker, attract the attention of the narrator? Let's get to know her better.
To do this, remember how to create the image of the hero of the work(table)
You will answer in groups.
5 . Work in mini-groups, each - a card with a task
(cards included)
Please note that acquaintance with the heroine begins with her house, her hut(slide number 7) Solzhenitsyn continues the traditions of Russian literature: the world of the Turbins in the play The White Guard was described by Bulgakov through their home; Sholokhov's "Quiet Flows the Don" begins with a description of the Melekhovs' house.
What is a hut(slide number 8), in which Ignatich settled?
Card: 1 gr. The interior as a way to create character.
What is the hut in which Ignatich settled?
What important details in her description does the author draw our attention to? - Who inhabits Matryona's hut?
- What portrait details does the writer focus on?
Card: 2 gr. Portrait as a way to create character.
- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on?
What means of expression does the author use when drawing the image of the heroine?(fill in the second column of the notebook)
“Those people always have good faces, who are at odds with their conscience,” the author states bluntly.
What is the peculiarity of the heroine's speech?
Card: 3 gr. Speech as a way to create character.
Follow the character's speech. What is the peculiarity of her speech of the heroine? (Pay attention to tone, timbre of speech.)
Give examples of the use of colloquial, dialect vocabulary.
How is the character of Matryona revealed in her speech?
What is the attitude of the heroine to the Orthodox faith? (1column tetra.)
4 gr. attitude towards the Orthodox faith.
- Find the pages of the story that describe Matryona's attitude towards the Orthodox faith.
According to what Christian commandments does the heroine live?
How is a typical day at Matryona? What is the meaning of her life?
Card: 5 gr. Life and life of Matryona.
- How is a typical day at Matryona? What does she do?
How does he feel about work? Is there a way for her to regain her good humor?
What is the meaning of her life? Is she ready to help others? Does he ask for something in return?
- What is this quality called? (the first column of the notebook is disinterested)
And how do people around her treat her?
Card: 6 gr. The attitude of others towards the heroine.
- How others relate to Matryona:
Native,
Neighbours,
Collective farm board?
- "Matryona accumulated a lot of insults that year." What grievances of the heroine does the author talk about?
Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, overwork in the village, severe illness - a disease, a bitter resentment against the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.
Was Matryona angry at this world, so cruel to her?
Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a sense of joy and pity for others, her radiant smile still brightens her face (1 col. Tetr.)
This is her world, this is how she lives. But the arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established life, peace, silence. Why?
6. It is on this evening that Matryona fully reveals herself to Ignatich.
Episode dramatization.
Color painting often plays an important role in revealing the idea of a work.
Think about what color, in your opinion, can correspond to each episode from the life of Matryona? Why?
7. Work with the textbook.
And one more technique, which we meet for the first time, is used by the author in describing the heroine. Open page 323 of the textbook, after reading from the words "Paying attention ...", draw a conclusion: what underlies this literary device? (often NOT, what is she like? Does the author deny? No, she claims.)
"Affirmation through negation" is called this technique (notebook)
Matryona does not feel sorry for the upper room, “it was terrible for her to break that roof under which she had lived for forty years,” the author writes. She clearly understands: "... it was the end of her whole life."
What are the reasons for the death of Matryona?
So Matryona was gone. “A dear person was killed,” the narrator does not hide his grief.
How do they feel about her death in the village?
And it turned out that Matryona was leaving life, never understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone in a human way. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, did not fully understand her. And only death revealed to him the majestic and tragic image of Matryona.
8. Analysis of the end of the story. An audio recording of the finale of the story read by the author himself sounds.
How do you understand these words? What is the meaning of the word "righteous"?(slide number 9)
By the way, the original title of the story, given by Solzhenitsyn himself, sounded like this: “A village does not stand without a righteous man”(slide number 10) It was later, for censorship reasons, that it was renamed.
Can we call our heroine righteous? (What entry did you get in your notebook in the first column?)
Now answer the question: “How well is the epigraph chosen for our lesson today?” Does it reflect the character of the heroine?
Do you think such righteous people are needed in our life?
But you will answer this question at home, once again remembering the lessons of kindness, conscience, humanity that AI Solzhenitsyn taught us.
House. back . (slide number 11)
9. House. you received the task; after counting the tokens, put in the diary an assessment for your work in the lesson.
10. The result of the lesson.
Relaxation. Take your desk mate by the hand and listen to the songperformed by your classmates, which, in my opinion, is consonant with the topic of the lesson (or the audio sound of B. Okudzhava’s composition “Prayer”)
The lesson was developed by Provozina Victoria Viktorovna, a teacher of the Russian language and literature of the Moscow Autonomous Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1, Art. Novopokrovskaya, Krasnodar Territory
Personal coordinates: 353020 Krasnodar region, Novopokrovskaya station, Zheleznodorozhnaya street, 32
e-mail: [email protected]
TOPIC OF THE LESSON: "RIGHTEOUS EARTH RUSSIAN"
(according to the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin Dvor”).
Lesson type: study lesson
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
- help students think about such moral concepts as kindness, sensitivity, conscience, humanity.
- “following the author” to follow the fate of a Russian woman who withstood the harsh trials of life and managed to maintain a kind and sympathetic soul;
- find out what qualities allowed the author to call the heroine "the righteous of the Russian land."
MATERIALS FOR THE LESSON:
- A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”;
- musical accompaniment;
- memo on creating a literary image of the hero;
- printed table "Methods of creating the image of a hero."
DURING THE CLASSES.
Epigraph:
To end,
To the silent cross
Let the soul
Stay clean!
N. Rubtsov
1. Reflection. Creating a problem situation in the classroom.
The teacher's word to a slow composition. (Music of the sea and seagulls)
One day, the inhabitants of Athens, gathered in the square, saw Demosthenes, who on a hot sunny day walked around the city with a lantern in his hands.
Why do you need a flashlight, because it's so light? And what are you looking for? they asked him.
I'm looking for a man, Demosthenes answered.
The Athenians were surprised and asked him the same question a second time.
Human,” Demosthenes answered again.
Human? This is who: me, him, or maybe that one over there .., - the inhabitants of Athens laughed.
I am looking for a person...
So who do you think Demosthenes was looking for with a lantern in his hands?
What qualities should a person have in order to have a name for him?
Human with a capital letter? How should he live? We will try to find answers to these and other questions from Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, because a real writer thinks about life, understands life and people more deeply.
2. Communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson
Working with an epigraph(write on the board).
To end,
To the silent cross
Let the soul
Stay clean!
N. Rubtsov.
What is an epigraph? What is it for?(Epigraph (from Greek επιγραφή - "inscription") -quote placed at the head of an essay or part of it in order to indicate its spirit, its meaning, the attitude of the author towards it, etc.
- What is its meaning and how well it is chosen, we will talk at the end of the lesson, when we will sum up.
3. Checking d / z. Content survey.
In different years, in various publishing houses, the story “Matryona Dvor” was published.The biography of a Russian woman saw the light only in 1963, when the story was published in the Novy Mir magazine. Its original name is "There is no village without a righteous man", on the advice of A.T. Tvardovsky, in order to avoid censorship obstacles, was changed.For the same reasons, the year of action in the story 1956 is replaced by the author with 1953, the events in the story are transferred to the time of the pre-Khrushchev thaw.
The story is completely autobiographical and authentic. The life of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova and her death are reproduced as they were.
And what are the most memorable episodes of the story would you illustrate?
4. Work with the text of the work.
So, you have read the work, let's turn to its beginning.
The narrator, returning from imprisonment, decides to settle (“get lost,” as he himself says) “in the most interior, condo Russia”
Vocabulary work - interior - internal; kondovy - primordial, retaining old customs, foundations. And fate brings him to MatryonaVasilievna Grigorieva.
(On the desks we have table blanks:in the first you will write down the methods and techniques for creating her image, in the second - the character traits of Matryona. You will make entries in the table throughout the lesson).
- Remember under what circumstancesis the first acquaintance of the author and readers with Matryona?
Why is she not among the "applicants"who could take in a guest?Does Matryona want to getsuch a good tenant? What does it say?How does he explain the reason for the refusal?
For the inhabitants of the village, Matrena is a useless hostess,not having the opportunity to receive a guest well in her neglected house. But the hero-narrator suddenly feels that this life is inwardly close to him - and remains to live with Matryona.
How did the old peasant woman, a simple worker, attract the attention of the narrator? Let's get to know her better.
To do this, remember how to create the image of the hero of the work
Plan for analyzing the image of a literary hero
1) the meaning of the name and surname of the hero; |
5. Work in mini-groups, each - a card with a task
Sample table
No. p / p | WAYS TO CREATE A CHARACTER | CHARACTER TRAITS |
Portrait as a way to create character. | ||
Speech as a way to create character. | ||
Attitude towards the Orthodox faith | ||
Life and life of Matryona. | ||
The attitude of others towards the heroine. |
Please note that acquaintance with the heroine begins with her house, her hut. Solzhenitsyn continues the traditions of Russian literature: the world of "Dead Souls" in the poem "Dead Souls" was described by Gogol through their homes; Sholokhov's "Quiet Flows the Don" begins with a description of the Melekhovs' house.(village music)
Card: 1 gr. The interior as a way to create character.
What is the hut in which Ignatich settled?
What important details in her description does the author draw our attention to? - Who inhabits Matryona's hut?
What portrait details does the writer focus on?
Card: 2 gr. Portrait as a way to create character.
- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on?
What means of expression does the author use when drawing the image of the heroine?(fill in the first column of the table)
“Those people always have good faces, who are at odds with their conscience,” the author states bluntly.
What is the peculiarity of the heroine's speech?
Card: 3 gr. Speech as a way to create character.
Follow the character's speech. What is the peculiarity of her speech of the heroine? (Pay attention to tone, timbre of speech.)
Give examples of the use of colloquial, dialect vocabulary.
How is the character of Matryona revealed in her speech?
The deeply folk character of Matryona is manifested in her speech. Expressiveness, a bright individuality gives her language an abundance of colloquial, dialectal vocabulary (I’ll add, to the ugly, summer, lightning :) The manner of her speech is also deeply popular, the way she pronounces her “friendly words”. “They started with some kind of low warm purr, like grandmothers in fairy tales.”
What is the attitude of the heroine to the Orthodox faith? (1column of the table)
4 gr. attitude towards the Orthodox faith.
- Find the pages of the story that describe Matryona's attitude towards the Orthodox faith.
According to what Christian commandments does the heroine live?
(Matryona has infinite humility, which does not require any effort of will from her. She does not indulge in the sin of pride, knows how to be grateful for every moment she lives. Matryona can be content with little - what she has: feelings of envy, anger, resentment, money-grubbing are not characteristic of her. The righteousness of Matryona is based on her indifference to material values.)
How is a typical day at Matryona? What is the meaning of her life?
Card: 5 gr. Life and life of Matryona.
- How is a typical day at Matryona? What does she do?
How does he feel about work? Is there a way for her to regain her good humor?
What is the meaning of her life? Is she ready to help others? Does he ask for something in return?
(Work gives her real pleasure, returns a good mood. Free work on the collective farm, disinterested help to the one who asks - she is always trouble-free. Those around willingly use her kindness, they never ask, but simply state the fact: “It will be necessary to help the collective farm”; “Tomorrow Matryona come and help me." The villagers themselves not only do not help Matryona, but unanimously condemn her precisely for helping people for free).
What is this quality called? (the second column of the notebook is disinterested)
And how do people around her treat her?
Card: 6 gr. The attitude of others towards the heroine.
- How others relate to Matryona:
Native,
Neighbours,
Collective farm board?
- "Matryona accumulated a lot of insults that year." What grievances of the heroine does the author talk about?
Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, overwork in the countryside, severe illness - a disease, a bitter resentment at the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.
Was Matryona angry at this world, so cruel to her?
Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a sense of joy and pity for others,still a radiant smile brightens her face (1 coll. tab.)
This is her world, this is how she lives. But the arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established life, peace, silence. Why?
6. It is on this evening that Matryona fully reveals herself to Ignatich. (blizzard and winter music) (p. 271)
Episode staging.
Color painting often plays an important role in revealing the idea of a work.
Think about what color, in your opinion, can correspond to each episode from the life of Matryona? Why?
7. Work with the textbook.. However, during the life of Matryona, Ignatich failed to fully understand her, sometimes did not notice her presence or was exaggeratedly demanding of her. And only the death of the mistress forced the narrator to comprehend her spiritual essence, which is why the motive of repentance sounds so strong in the finale of the story.
Matryona does not feel sorry for the upper room, “it was terrible for her to break that roof under which she had lived for forty years,” the author writes. She clearly understands: "... it was the end of her whole life."(Words from the text read p. 270)
What are the reasons for the death of Matryona?
So Matryona was gone. “A loved one was killed,” (p. 276) - the narrator does not hide his grief.
How do they feel about her death in the village?
And it turned out that Matryona was leaving life, never understood by anyone, not mourned by anyone in a human way. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, did not fully understand her. And only death revealed to him the majestic and tragic image of Matryona.
8. Analysis of the ending of the story. I read the end of the story myself. (pp. 282-283)
How do you understand these words? What is the meaning of the word "righteous"?
By the way, the original title of the story, given by Solzhenitsyn himself, sounded like this: “A village does not stand without a righteous» It was later, for censorship reasons, that it was renamed.
Matryona (lat.) - mother. The heroine carries a saving beginning.
To survive what Matryona went through and remain a disinterested, open, delicate, sympathetic, sensitive person, not to get angry at fate and people, to keep a “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!
What allows the writer to call Matryona a righteous man, despite the fact that her behavior and lifestyle are by no means ideal?
Can we call our heroine righteous? (What record did you get in the table?)
Teacher's word. Let's hear how Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Moscow Theological Academy M. Dunaev answers this question. “What is the righteousness of Matryona? In non-possessiveness. Maybe she lived simply to her liking, showing her natural Christian essence?
Matryona is righteous. She is not a hoarder, not a hoarder.
Let's open the New Testament. “Do not lay up for yourselves treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break in and steal. ... For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also” (Matthew 6:19-21).
“Morality is one in all ages and for all people” (D.S. Likhachev).
There are unshakable rocks
Over the boring mistakes of centuries.
O. Mandelstam
Solzhenitsyn's main lesson lies in the conclusion he leads the reader to:
Of course, all of you want a different fate. Dreams may or may not come true, happiness may not come true, success may or may not come, but a person must go his own way, no matter how successful or unsuccessful, retaining both courage and conscience, and humanity, and nobility, do not kill the high that is inherent in it by nature itself.
Now answer the question: “How well is the epigraph chosen for our lesson today?” Does it reflect the character of the heroine?
Do you think such righteous people are needed in our life?
But you will answer this question at home, once again remembering the lessons of kindness, conscience, humanity that AI Solzhenitsyn taught us.
House. Exercise.
9. House. you received the task; responsible in groups evaluate the work of their team, put in the diary an assessment for your work in the lesson.
10. The result of the lesson. (village music)
Relaxation.
