The mechanisms by which emotions arise and their influence on bodily functions are complex. They developed in the process of evolution, contributing to the optimal solution of problems that are important from a biological point of view.

The material basis of the world of human feelings, emotions - the nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, as well as two types of nerve conductors. Some originate in the tissues of internal organs, in muscles, skin, etc., where there are, as it were, microminiature sensors that receive signals about the course of life processes in tissues and environmental stimuli (temperature, pain, tactile). These signals - impulses are transmitted to the "upper floors", to the brain centers.

Signals also go from there - either to the internal organs (along the vegetative fibers), or to the muscles (along the motor ones).

The autonomic nervous system regulates the metabolism and life support of the organs and systems of the body. Some of its fibers (sympathetic) transmit impulses that originate in higher sympathetic centers. They dilate the pupil, increase the tone of blood vessels, increase cardiac activity and inhibit motor activity (peristalsis) of the gastrointestinal tract.

Fibers of another type (parasympathetic) originate in higher parasympathetic centers and have the opposite effect. They constrict the pupil, reduce the strength and frequency of heart contractions, increase the peristalsis of the stomach and intestines, as well as the activity of secreting digestive enzymes.

These are, so to speak, the lower divisions of the neuroregulatory apparatus. They are subordinate to the higher regulatory centers in the brain.

Neither sympathetic nor parasympathetic higher centers determine neuropsychic activity. But its intensity, tension and direction in a certain way affects the state and reactions of the internal organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems. The connections between the autonomic functions of organs and the emotional background of life are especially close and obvious. It has now been established which parts of the brain are responsible for the formation of emotions.

The oldest part of it is the brain stem. In its structure there is a so-called diencephalon, consisting of the thalamus and hypothalamus. Together with other formations of the brainstem, this part of the brain is called the subcortex, since it is covered from above by an evolutionarily younger section - the cortex or mantle.

This is the highest coordinating and regulating formation of the body, a kind of command post. The focus of emotions is the subcortex (the hypothalamus and some other formations), and the cerebral cortex is the highest integrator of impulses. And at the same time, the higher vegetative (sympathetic and parasympathetic) centers are organically included in those parts of the brain that are responsible for the emergence of emotions, being, as it were, part of the apparatus of emotions.

From instincts to emotions

The external environment had a decisive influence on the evolution of all living things. This was expressed not only in the fact that under the influence of its individual factors (radiation, other physical or chemical agents) new properties (mutations) arose in organisms. They also appeared under other circumstances, for example, as a result of various combinations of hereditary substances during crossing. The emerging new properties could be fixed in subsequent generations or disappear without a trace. The role of the sorter, the culler of these properties in the process of evolutionary development was played by the same external environment.

If a new quality in the specific conditions of existence increased the adaptive capabilities of the organism, then in subsequent generations the owners of this quality became more and more. It could facilitate the way to protect or obtain food, provide a large and viable population, or contribute to the settlement of the undeveloped spaces of the planet.

If a new quality reduced adaptability, then the owners of this quality, as less adapted, quickly perished in the struggle with the external environment. The external environment, as it were, made a selection of the most successful options and gave them a "green light".

However, everyone has heard and read about meaning, heredity (mutations), variability and natural selection, and there is no point in repeating them here. It is only important to emphasize that under the influence of EVOLUTION living organisms have developed certain forms of response to external stimuli.

The simplest of them are instincts. This is a coded and transmitted from generation to generation program of the body's activity under the influence of various factors. The instincts of motherhood, protective, sexual and others are stable hereditary reactions. They are observed in highly organized animals or represent a lifelong program in insects.

The life of a bee, like that of an ant, is programmed from beginning to end. The program determines the reproduction and preservation of offspring, obtaining food, protection, etc. But this program is too rigid, non-plastic, it is not capable of adapting the body to the whole variety of external influences. In higher mammals, in the process of evolution, the main, most important reactions for the preservation of life, were programmed in the hereditary substance. In addition, in the process of evolution, they developed an apparatus for emergency response to certain environmental influences. This is the apparatus of emotions. It provides high adaptability depending on the nature of environmental influences. Thus, the apparatus of emotions is a system of biological adaptation, supplementing and refining the programmed reactions in the specific conditions of the external environment. Emotions do not arise on their own. They arise under the influence of the activity of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex receives information about the state of the external and internal environment of the body. Through analysis and synthesis, she draws a conclusion about their condition and only if necessary (danger / damage to the integrity of the body or threat to it, lack of food, etc.) turns on the apparatus of emotions.

Here is an approximate scheme for the emergence of one of the simplest emotions - the feeling of hunger. When the body uses up the nutrients it has received from food, it begins to experience unpleasant, restless feelings, which we call hunger. The mechanism of their appearance is as follows. Deficiency of nutrients and especially blood glucose irritates the nerve endings. Impulses are transmitted to the subcortical formations of the brain (thalamus and hypothalamus), and then to the cortex. After analyzing the impulses and assessing the state of the external environment (lack of food), the cortex draws a conclusion and sends discharges to the formations of the subcortex, which we called the apparatus of emotions. This is where the discomfort comes in. Excitation from the apparatus of emotion is again sent to the cerebral cortex and changes its activity. All activities are stopped, except for one, aimed at searching, obtaining food. This is how a behavioral act is formed under the influence of the apparatus of emotions. For a predatory animal, for example, it will be a search and hunt for a victim. It can be seen that the behavioral response is adequate to the state of the organism. The mechanism of occurrence of other simple emotions (fear, pain, rage) is the same. It has no fundamental differences between humans and animals.

Emotions, once arising as a result of any motivation, exist until purposeful actions eliminate the cause that caused them. In case of hunger, this will be saturation, in case of danger - avoiding it or defeating the enemy, etc. At the same time, negative emotions are replaced by positive ones.

Incidentally, this is the basis for the development of conditioned reflex connections, and, consequently, for learning and the accumulation of life experience. The apparatus of emotions in a person has reached an extremely high degree of development, which is due to the influence of the social environment. The world of his emotions is not limited to elementary physiological reactions, as in animals. A person has emotions of a higher order - these are his feelings caused by the social environment, we will bring them up, they are crucial in the emergence of emotions in a person.

A few more words about positive emotions. Positive emotions always bring pleasure. Scientists know that any emotions tone up, enhance the activity of the cerebral cortex. In the learning process, positive emotions are of great importance. It was shown that in the case when the student likes the subject, his assimilation occurs much faster than in the case of an indifferent attitude to the subject.

The emotional complex (positive or negative) has visible and invisible components. The visible components of emotions include speech, facial expressions, gestures, and motor reactions in general, while the invisible components include changes in the activity of internal organs and systems. First of all, the tone of the autonomic nervous system changes, followed by the activity of the cardiovascular system, endocrine glands and metabolism. Invisible components are uncontrollable, and visible components can be suppressed by willpower. Education can achieve the suppression of the external component of emotions, but not the internal one. The same upbringing can ensure that emotions do not arise at all under the action of certain factors of the social environment. So, for example, people who are accustomed to work either do not experience any emotions at the same time, or they have a feeling of satisfaction. If a person is not accustomed to work, work always gives rise to negative emotions.

Departments of the human brain - the components of one "team". The contribution of each participant in the game is important, otherwise coordinated work will not work - and we will not be able to be ourselves. This happens when a person receives a brain injury. This is how scientists established the functions of various parts of the brain - according to the observations of patients by neurologists. Although the brain is a very plastic organ, damaged areas can restore their functions at the expense of other departments.

So what are the parts of our brain? What are the main divisions Western scientists distinguish rhomboid and neocortex. Let's take a closer look at these departments.

Rhomboid brain

This is the most ancient area of ​​the brain, it is also called the brain of reptiles. That is, it is common to most evolutionarily perfect species. It is responsible for the most basic functions of the human body. The rhomboid brain consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. What do they do in the body? This is discussed further.

Medulla deals with the automatic functions of your body, there are centers for breathing, digestion and regulation by heart contractions. Therefore, if this part of the brain is injured, it is almost impossible to save a person.

Bridge determines the level of our alertness and productivity at work, and it also transmits sensory impressions higher to the brain. Our performance depends on the state of this part of the brain.

Cerebellum traditionally considered the main organ that also deals with motor memory.

limbic system

This part of the brain is called the emotional brain or the ancient mammalian brain. This is where our feelings live, this is where memory begins. In this part of the brain, memory and emotion combine to influence our behavior and day-to-day emotional decision making. This is where value judgments are born. This part of the brain decides what is meaningful and what is not: information is filtered. Its parts of the brain are responsible for spontaneity and creativity.

amygdala responsible for the accumulation of emotionally colored information. Particularly important is its participation in the formation of the emotion of fear. It gives the command to release stress hormones, makes our hands sweat, and our hearts beat faster and faster.

hippocampus deals with memory and a little bit of learning in general. It prepares information for transfer to long-term memory, helps us understand spatial relationships and interpret incoming signals from

hypothalamus - endocrine brain, closely related to the pituitary gland. It deals with circadian rhythms (responsible for the desire to sleep longer, and also wakes us up the next day), maintaining the constancy of the body's environment, controls the desire to refresh, maintaining fluid balance.

thalamus- a collection point for information from all underlying structures, including the state of the body and various sensations.

neocortex

This is the most perfect formation in the brain, the most evolutionarily new. It is called the rational brain because of its extreme importance for the intellectual function of a person. The cerebral cortex (neocortex) is divided into two hemispheres. They control opposite sides of the body. Each of them has different functions.

frontal lobe - the largest "boss" of the brain. It does not allow a person to be impulsive, inhibits drives, is responsible for analysis and planning, people with its violations also change such complex forms of behavior as altruism and empathy are impossible without the normal function of this lobe.

parietal lobe- a center that allows us to process sensations from the skin and internal organs, including pain. It also helps to calculate the speed of objects, is involved in recognition and spatial orientation.

temporal lobe processes sound perceptions. Here is Wernicke's area, which allows us to recognize speech.

Occipital lobe perceives and processes visual information, is involved in some forms

corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres together.

As you can see, the parts of the brain are closely connected and perform a variety of functions, but all of them are necessary so that we can perform the actions we are used to. Good luck with your learning!

Almost all diseases are psychosomatic in nature. All of our disorders stem from past threats to survival associated with pain, fear, and relative unconsciousness. This is what is called life experience or the experience of ancestors. This information is stored in our subconscious.

When something happens in the present, even remotely similar to previous stressful situations, we choose a behavior model not consciously, but subconsciously - we begin to react reflexively. Indeed, during stress, we have no time to think about new behaviors, especially if there are those that once helped to survive in a similar situation. That is, in fact, we do not react to what is happening to us now, but to what happened once to us or our ancestors. And that is why our actions often do not bring the desired result.

Unlike animals, which react to the real situation in which they are, a person also reacts to what he himself comes up with. Our body begins to act as soon as we think about something, and if there is no corresponding action manifested, tension remains in the body. This condition is called incomplete movement syndrome. To maintain it, the body spends a significant resource. Over time, incomplete states accumulate, and chronic fatigue and various diseases of a psychosomatic nature appear.
All our emotions start from the body. The energy of the body is the first to react to everything that happens to us. Then the cardiovascular and nervous systems, the muscles of the body are connected. And only then the brain begins to manage our reaction, modifying the instinctive reaction to an acceptable form in accordance with social norms and rules. If the reaction is adequate to external influence, i.e. it is fully responded, all systems and organs return to their “initial” position.

If a person is in a stressful situation for a long time, he had to restrain himself or experience fear and other emotions, not being able to fully and adequately respond to them, such emotions are called “stuck”. At the same time, zones are formed in the body that have increased sensitivity to external influences and determine the behavioral stereotype. Moreover, everyone has 1-2 “favorite emotions” with which he responds to everything that happens - he is always afraid or always angry, or always dissatisfied with everything, etc. . As a rule, these reactions do not correspond to what is happening, do not bring the desired result. .

There are 4 pairs in the human body key areas(right and left):

1. On the head. If you place your palms on the right and left of your face so that the bottom of your palms are at the level of your earlobe, then these key areas will be under them.
2. In the chest. They contain the lungs, bronchi, and vessels of the lungs.
3. below the diaphragm. They contain:

• left: kidney with adrenal gland, spleen, pancreas (body and tail), left side of stomach, left lobe of liver, arteries of these organs
• right: kidney with adrenal gland, right lobe of the liver, gallbladder, duodenum, head of the pancreas, vessels of these organs

1. In the pelvis. They contain: iliac arteries, pelvic nerve plexuses, appendages (in women), sections of the large intestine located in these areas.

Key zones are almost always active, but to varying degrees - depending on the time of day, the situation, solar activity, the state of the earth's magnetic field. The activity of these zones is associated with a person's state and emotions.

A stable combination of these active zones corresponds to certain behavior patterns:

• activity of all right zones (D1, D2, D3, D4) - "savior" - "I know better how it should be, there can be no other options, I will achieve this and force others to do it, but the result does not meet expectations"
• activity of all left zones (S1, S2, S3, S4) "victim" - "I'm scared, I can't handle this, I'm to blame for this (or offended for it), I don't want to hear about it (see it)"
• "perfectionist diagonal" (S4, D3, D2, D1) - "I'm scared, but I have to do it, I know how, but I'm not doing it well enough"
• “procrastinator diagonal” (D4, S3, S2, S1) – “not now (I won’t do it), I can’t, it’s my fault, I don’t want to see it”
• (D4, D3, S2, S1) "capricious" - "I have no way out (other options), I'm angry, offended and don't want to see it"
• (S4, S3, D2, D1) "caring parent" - "I'm scared, they do everything wrong, I know better how, I don't see what I want."

You yourself can determine which zones are active for you and adjust them .

To do this, you can stand in front of a mirror and see which of the zones on each level attracts your attention. After that, just observe the zones that you paid attention to, starting from the lower active key zones. More

At the physical level, the activity of key zones is accompanied by vascular spasm and fluid stagnation in the active zone. Long-term (permanent) activity of one key zone causes changes in the tissues of blood vessels and organs located in it, which causes various diseases. Often the cause of headaches, chronic diseases of the throat and nasopharynx is the activity of key areas of the pelvic region, and the cause leg joint pain – activity of the right subphrenic area. Curvature of the spine can be caused by the activity of key zones located in the chest or in the subdiaphragmatic region, and the curvature is often directed towards the active zone. At the same time, the activity of key areas of the head can cause pain in the lower back and sacrum. Prostatitis, fibroids, infertility are often caused by the activity of key areas of the pelvic region.

The activity of key zones can also be the result of injuries, including very old ones. For example, in case of serious leg injuries (dislocations, fractures, torn ligaments, severe bruises), the body, protecting the sore spot, transfers most of the load to a healthy leg. And even after the consequences of the injury have been eliminated, the normal distribution of loads is not always fully restored, an imbalance of the right and left sides of the body appears. As a result, the activity of key areas that constantly experience increased stress as a result of compensation for the consequences of an injury may increase. Thus, an old trauma that everyone has long forgotten about can also determine behavioral stereotypes.

You probably now understand why the treatment of a sore spot (if the pain is not associated with a direct injury) is often not very successful, and the disease (pain) periodically returns or becomes chronic.

They say that all diseases come from the head. Doctors knew about this even in ancient times. Today, modern medicine takes note of the statistics, according to which, 60% of chronic diseases are caused by "bad" thoughts and experiences. Moreover, the successful recovery of the patient depends on medical assistance. only 15%. Rest 85% - from the attitude of the patient to his own health and from the mood.

What emotions cause diseases and how negativity, feelings and anxieties can affect our body?

Resentment, gossip and exaggeration of what is happening.

If a person is often offended, and for no reason and for a long time, then, most likely, he kidney problems. Those who gossip and judge may also suffer from diseases of this organ. And if a person is inclined to exaggerate the significance of problems, then he is in danger of a cyst.

Irritability, hatred, anger, intemperance, rudeness and rudeness

These negative emotions often cause diseases of the liver, gallbladder and spleen. Avoid such feelings, try to find a hobby or business to which you would direct all your emotions. Be patient with people.

Vengefulness and vindictiveness

Everyone knows the expression "keep a stone in your bosom." It means that a person has retained some kind of anger and is waiting for the moment to strike. Resentment and the desire for revenge cause the formation of stones in the internal organs. In this case, it is important to learn to forgive, let go and not hold anger on those who hurt.

Denial of love, unbelief, pride, envy, jealousy and longing

These emotions are negative affect the functioning of the heart. To make your heart work like a good Swiss watch, start living life to the fullest, enjoying every day, not postponing your happiness until later. Start believing in love, kindness and people.

Selfishness, self-pity, fears and irresponsibility for one's life

These emotions have a bad effect to the endocrine system. Adrenal gland function is inhibited, pancreatic disorders are likely, diabetes may appear. What to do? Understand that you are not the navel of the earth, take your life into your own hands and take responsibility for your every decision and deed.

Self-digging, doubts

It provokes lung diseases - asthma, bronchitis, shortness of breath, etc. What to do? Stop doubting and thinking through everything, and start doing.

Evil intentions, dark thoughts, bad deeds

Strong negativity towards people causes bowel problems. If a person is also greedy, then constipation may appear. And if he likes to judge, then he may have diarrhea. What to do? Pay attention to yourself and your life.

Softness, willingness to take on other people's problems, fear of a blow from the back

Such emotions lead to diseases associated with the neck- here the spine can get sick and the lymph can become inflamed.

Feeling worthless, feeling lonely

back hurts, as if a load of problems had fallen on a person, which he had to drag himself. What to do? Show friendliness to others, believe in people, learn to trust and start doing good deeds.

Restraint

Constant restraint and self-control lead to headaches and migraines. People who constantly keep themselves in control and cannot relax are shown to have fun more often, relax and do things that will release their emotions, for example, sports or dancing.

Try to experience only positive emotions and be healthy! Good luck and don't forget to press the buttons and

08.06.2015 09:56

Astrologers managed to find out the connection between a person's belonging to the Sign of the Zodiac and the duration of his life, and determine the Signs of the Zodiac, ...

Man is a complex organism, consisting of many organs united in a single network, the work of which is regulated precisely and flawlessly. The central nervous system (CNS) performs the main function of regulating the functioning of the body. This is a complex system that includes several organs and peripheral nerve endings and receptors. The most important organ of this system is the brain - a complex computing center responsible for the proper functioning of the whole organism.

General information about the structure of the brain

They have been trying to study it for a long time, but for all the time scientists have not been able to accurately and unambiguously answer the question of what it is and how this organ works. Many functions have been studied, for some there are only guesses.

Visually, it can be divided into three main parts: the cerebellum and the cerebral hemispheres. However, this division does not reflect the full versatility of the functioning of this body. In more detail, these parts are divided into departments responsible for certain functions of the body.

oblong department

The human central nervous system is an inseparable mechanism. A smooth transitional element from the spinal segment of the central nervous system is the oblong section. Visually, it can be represented as a truncated cone with a base at the top or a small onion head with thickenings diverging from it - connecting with an intermediate section.

There are three different functions of the department - sensory, reflex and conduction. Its tasks include control over the main protective (vomit reflex, sneezing, coughing) and unconscious reflexes (heartbeat, breathing, blinking, salivation, secretion of gastric juice, swallowing, metabolism). In addition, the medulla oblongata is responsible for such senses as balance and coordination of movements.

midbrain

The next department responsible for communication with the spinal cord is the middle one. But the main function of this department is the processing of nerve impulses and the adjustment of the performance of the hearing aid and the visual center of a person. After processing the received information, this formation gives impulse signals for a response to stimuli: turning the head towards the sound, changing the position of the body in case of danger. Additional functions include regulation of body temperature, muscle tone, and arousal.

The human midbrain is responsible for such an important ability of the body as sleep.

The middle section has a complex structure. There are 4 clusters of nerve cells - tubercles, two of which are responsible for visual perception, the other two for hearing. Between themselves and with other parts of the brain and spinal cord, nerve clusters are connected by the same nerve-conducting tissue, visually similar to legs. The total segment size does not exceed 2 cm in an adult.

diencephalon

The department is even more complex in structure and functions. Anatomically, the diencephalon is divided into several parts: Pituitary gland. It is a small appendage of the brain that is responsible for secreting essential hormones and regulating the body's endocrine system.

Conditionally divided into several parts, each of which performs its function:

• The adenohypophysis is the regulator of the peripheral endocrine glands.
• The neurohypophysis is associated with the hypothalamus and accumulates hormones produced by it.

Hypothalamus

A small part of the brain, the most important function of which is to control heart rate and blood pressure in the vessels. Additionally, the hypothalamus is responsible for part of the emotional manifestations by producing the necessary hormones to suppress stressful situations. Another important function is the control of hunger, satiety and thirst. Finally, the hypothalamus is the center of sexual activity and pleasure.

Epithalamus

The main task of this department is the regulation of the daily biological rhythm. With the help of hormones produced, it affects the duration of sleep at night and normal wakefulness during the day. It is the epithalamus that adapts our body to the conditions of "daylight" and divides people into "owls" and "larks". Another task of the epithalamus is to regulate the metabolism of the body.

thalamus

This formation is very important for the correct understanding of the world around us. It is the thalamus that is responsible for processing and interpreting impulses from peripheral receptors. Data from the optic nerve, hearing aid, body temperature receptors, olfactory receptors, and pain points converge to this information processing center.

Back department

Like the previous sections, the hindbrain includes subsections. The main part is the cerebellum, the second is the pons, which is a small roller of nerve tissue for connecting the cerebellum with other departments and blood vessels that feed the brain.

Cerebellum

In its shape, the cerebellum resembles the cerebral hemispheres, it consists of two parts, connected by a "worm" - a complex of conductive nervous tissue. The main hemispheres are composed of nerve cell nuclei or "gray matter" assembled to increase surface and volume into folds. This part is located in the occipital part of the cranium and completely occupies its entire posterior fossa.

The main function of this department is the coordination of motor functions. However, the cerebellum does not initiate the movements of the arms or legs - it only controls the accuracy and clarity, the order in which movements are performed, motor skills and posture.

The second important task is the regulation of cognitive functions. These include: attention, understanding, awareness of language, regulation of the sensation of fear, sense of time, awareness of the nature of pleasure.

Large hemispheres of the brain

The main mass and volume of the brain fall precisely on the final section or the cerebral hemispheres. There are two hemispheres: the left one, which is mostly responsible for analytical thinking and speech functions of the body, and the right one, the main task of which is abstract thinking and all processes associated with creativity and interaction with the outside world.

The structure of the telencephalon

The cerebral hemispheres are the main "processing unit" of the CNS. Despite the different "specialization" these segments are complementary to each other.

The cerebral hemispheres are a complex system of interaction between the nuclei of nerve cells and nerve-conducting tissues connecting the main parts of the brain. The upper surface, called the cortex, is made up of a huge number of nerve cells. It's called gray matter. In the light of the general evolutionary development, the cortex is the youngest and most developed formation of the central nervous system and it has reached the highest development in humans. It is she who is responsible for the formation of higher neuropsychic functions and complex forms of human behavior. To increase the usable area, the surface of the hemispheres is assembled into folds or convolutions. The inner surface of the cerebral hemispheres consists of white matter - processes of nerve cells responsible for conducting nerve impulses and communication with the rest of the CNS segments.

In turn, each of the hemispheres is conditionally divided into 4 parts or lobes: occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal.

Occipital lobes

The main function of this conditional part is the processing of neural signals coming from the visual centers. It is here that the usual concepts of color, volume and other three-dimensional properties of a visible object are formed from light stimuli.

parietal lobes

This segment is responsible for the occurrence of pain sensations and the processing of signals from the body's thermal receptors. This is where their work ends.

The parietal lobe of the left hemisphere is responsible for structuring information packages, allows you to operate with logical operators, count and read. Also, this area forms awareness of the integral structure of the human body, the definition of the right and left parts, the coordination of individual movements into a single whole.

The right one deals with the generalization of information flows that are generated by the occipital lobes and the left parietal. On this site, a general three-dimensional picture of the perception of the environment, spatial position and orientation, miscalculation of perspective is formed.

temporal lobes

This segment can be compared with the "hard drive" of a computer - a long-term storage of information. It is here that all the memories and knowledge of a person collected over a lifetime are stored. The right temporal lobe is responsible for visual memory - the memory of images. Left - here all the concepts and descriptions of individual objects are stored, there is an interpretation and comparison of images, their names and characteristics.

As for speech recognition, both temporal lobes are involved in this procedure. However, their functions are different. If the left lobe is designed to recognize the semantic load of the words heard, then the right lobe interprets the intonation coloring and compares it with the speaker's facial expressions. Another function of this part of the brain is the perception and decoding of neural impulses coming from the olfactory receptors of the nose.

frontal lobes

This part is responsible for such properties of our consciousness as critical self-assessment, the adequacy of behavior, awareness of the degree of meaninglessness of actions, mood. The general behavior of a person also depends on the correct functioning of the frontal lobes of the brain, violations lead to inadequacy and asocial behavior. The process of learning, mastering skills, acquiring conditioned reflexes depends on the correct functioning of this part of the brain. This also applies to the degree of activity and curiosity of a person, his initiative and awareness of decisions.

To systematize the functions of the GM, they are presented in the table:

The interaction of brain regions

In addition to the fact that each part of the brain has its own tasks, the integral structure determines consciousness, character, temperament and other psychological features of behavior. The formation of certain types is determined by varying degrees of influence and activity of one or another segment of the brain.

The first psychotype or choleric. The formation of this type of temperament occurs with the dominant influence of the frontal lobes of the cortex and one of the subdivisions of the diencephalon - the hypothalamus. The first generates purposefulness and desire, the second section reinforces these emotions with the necessary hormones.

The characteristic interaction of the departments, which determines the second type of temperament - sanguine, is the joint work of the hypothalamus and the hippocampus (the lower part of the temporal lobes). The main function of the hippocampus is to maintain short-term memory and convert acquired knowledge into long-term memory. The result of this interaction is an open, inquisitive and interested type of human behavior.

Melancholics are the third type of temperamental behavior. This option is formed with increased interaction between the hippocampus and another formation of the cerebral hemispheres - the amygdala. At the same time, the activity of the cortex and hypothalamus is reduced. The amygdala takes on the entire “blow” of excitatory signals. But since the perception of the main parts of the brain is inhibited, the response to excitation is low, which in turn affects behavior.

In turn, by forming strong connections, the frontal lobe is able to set an active model of behavior. When the cortex of this area interacts with the tonsils, the central nervous system generates only highly significant impulses, while ignoring insignificant events. All this leads to the formation of a Phlegmatic behavior model - a strong, purposeful person with an awareness of priority goals.