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    • Nobody is forgotten for anything. Lyrics - Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten

    22.09.2019

    INTRODUCTION


    The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 go further into history. But the memory of her, of the deeds of the fathers, brothers and sisters who defended the independence of our Motherland, is imperishable. The Russians remember that tragedy with great sorrow and pain. The Nazi hordes, having invaded the territory of the Soviet Union, endangered the existence of peoples united by one state. We remember those hardest trials that befell the Soviet people.

    Together with other peoples of the country, the Komi Republic also made a significant contribution to the defeat of the enemy. About 170 thousand soldiers went to the defense of the Fatherland through the military registration and enlistment offices of Komi. They were mobilized by Kozhvinsky (now Pechorsky), Ust-Usinsky (now Usinsky), Ukhta, Vorkuta (since 1943), Zheleznodorozhny (now Knyazhpogostsky), Ust-Vymsky, Udorsky, Ust-Kulomsky, Ust-Tsilemsky, Izhemsky, Troitsko - Pechora, Storozhevsky, Kortkerossky, Syktyvdinsky, Sysolsky, Priluzsky, Letsky and Syktyvkar military registration and enlistment offices.

    More than others, the Pechora, Ukhta, Zheleznodorozhny and Syktyvkar military enlistment offices were sent to defend the Motherland. Representatives of all segments of the population went to the front: rural residents, workers of forest settlements and builders, coal miners and oil workers of the North, workers of railway and water transport, social and cultural institutions, as well as students of secondary schools who had reached military age. Among them were representatives not only of the indigenous nationality - Komi or natives of other regions living in the republic, as well as citizens who ended up in our region against their will.

    The military registration and enlistment offices of the republic sent conscripts to the disposal of many fronts, but, above all, in 1941-1942. to military units that defended the capital - Moscow, Leningrad and the Soviet Arctic.

    Not only human reserves went to replenish military formations. During the war years, for the needs of the national economy of the country and, above all, to the front, the enterprises of the republic shipped about 9 million tons of coal, 1018 thousand tons of oil, 1.2 billion cubic meters. m of gas, 23 million cubic meters of wood, supplied agricultural products, as well as vehicles and other materials. The population of the republic contributed a lot of funds to the Fund for Victory over the Enemy for the production of tanks, aircraft and other weapons. A lot of clothes and shoes were made, assembled and sent for the needs of the front. The republic sheltered many families, research and educational institutions evacuated from the frontline areas.

    The working people of the country and its Armed Forces, using the growing power of the economy of all regions, withstood the brunt of the battle with the Nazi invaders, contributed to the defeat of Nazi Germany. But our Motherland suffered enormous sacrifices in the fight against fascism. Millions of those who fell in battles with the enemy on the fronts, thousands of destroyed enterprises and collective farms, cities and villages burned to the ground. These sacrifices and hardships were not in vain because the children and grandchildren of the defenders of the Motherland did not fall into fascist slavery.

    More than half a century has passed since the end of World War II. Every day there are fewer and fewer living, direct participants in it. Now, not so much from the stories of the participants in past battles and the selfless hard work of home front workers, but more and more from books, historical works, textbooks and films, young citizens of Russia know about the events of those fiery years. That is why there is no task more noble and grateful than to bring to new generations the truth about the past war, about the native land torn by fire and metal, about the exploits of those who defended the Fatherland with their breasts, for whom the war became a test of character and strength, love for the Motherland , about the activities of compatriots who did not disgrace the glory of their great ancestors.

    The immortal feat of the heroes of the Patriotic War is immortalized in memorials, monuments, obelisks and marble plaques. But, unfortunately, it so happened that for many years at the state level, tribute was not fully paid to the memory, since the names of each defender of the Motherland were not immortalized.

    Today, active work is being carried out in Russia to restore the memory of the defenders of the Fatherland. In this sacred cause for the people, the efforts of the state, public organizations and many enthusiastic search engines have united. For almost 10 years, a titanic work has been carried out in our republic to find and clarify the fate of the soldiers who went to defend the Fatherland. Its result was the publication of a unique documentary work - six volumes of the Book of Memory. A grandiose printed monument to the participants of the great battle with the enemy has been created. Its first four volumes contain lists in which 49.5 thousand defenders of the Fatherland who stepped into immortality are immortalized. These were soldiers, sergeants and officers who fell in battle, died from wounds and diseases, and went missing during the fighting. The names of those who died in the performance of constitutional and international duty are also included. But the defenders of the Motherland are included not only in the Book of Memory of the Komi Republic. The public editorial board and the paradise (mountain) military registration and enlistment offices sent information on more than 10 thousand natives of other regions who died at the fronts to perpetuate the memory of them in their native regions.

    The first volume of the martyrology, published in 1993, lists the names of those who fell in battles with the fascist invaders in Syktyvkar and Vorkuta, in the Vuktyl, Izhma, Inta, Knyazhpogost, Koygorod, Kortkeros and Pechora regions. In the second volume of the martyrology, published in 1994, the fallen in battles in the Priluzsky, Sosnogorsky, Syktyvdinsky, Sysolsky, Troitsko-Pechora, Udorsky and Usinsky regions are immortalized. In the third volume of the martyrology, published in 1994, the names of the dead from the Ust-Vymsky, Ust-Kulomsky, Ust-Tsilemsky and Ukhta regions are immortalized, as well as a combined alphabetical list of the fallen, not immortalized in the published I and II volumes of the Book of Memory. The fourth volume of the martyrology, published in 1996, published a unified alphabetical list of soldiers, sergeants and officers who fell in battle, died of wounds and went missing during the Patriotic War, as well as the names of soldiers called up by the military registration and enlistment offices of our republic, whose front-line fate is not has been reliably elucidated. The same volume publishes a list of names of soldiers who did not return from the battlefields during the years of the Soviet-Finnish war of 1939-1940 and information on those called up by the Komi military registration and enlistment offices and who died in the performance of constitutional and international duty. This volume also contains essays about our countrymen-front-line soldiers. Volumes V and VI of the Book of Memory immortalize the names of 33 thousand soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals who marched along the military roads from Moscow and the Volga to the capitals of some European states, and also took part in the defeat of the Japanese samurai. The fifth volume, published in 1997, includes: a review article by the editorial board "Eternal Flame of Memory", the names of participants in the Great Patriotic War in Vorkuta, Vuktyl, Izhma, Inta, Knyazhpogost, Koygorod, Kortkeros, Pechorsky, Priluzsky, Sosnogorsky and Syktyvdinsky districts, and also information about the Heroes of the Soviet Union who returned from the front to their homes. This volume contains 18 essays on the military and labor feat of our countrymen, information about the Victory Parade held in Moscow on June 24, 1945.

    Volume VI of the Book of Memory, published in 1998, contains: information about the Heroes of the Soviet Union who returned from the front to their homes, an article by the public editorial board "The Eternal Flame of Memory", an essay on the Victory Parade in Moscow on June 24, 1945. It also publishes the names of participants in the Great Patriotic War in Syktyvkar, Sysolsky, Troitsko-Pechora, Udorsky, Usinsky, Ust-Vymsky, Ust-Kulomsky, Ust-Tsilemsky, Ukhta districts, as well as the names of the defenders of the Fatherland who returned from the Great Patriotic War of 1941 -1945, not immortalized in Volume V of the Book of Memory.

    The materials published in six volumes of the Book of Memory are presented on the basis of archival documents from city and district military registration and enlistment offices, reports from relatives and fellow soldiers. Exceptionally valuable information about the front-line soldiers was obtained from the Moscow Research Institute of Documentation and Archives, which processed data from the archive of the Ministry of Defense, received from military units, military hospitals and other sources. In 1990-1996, the working group of the public editorial board alone received this information on almost 60,000 personalities. A lot of information about those called up in the republic was received from the military registration and enlistment offices of the former USSR, where during the war years military battles with the enemy took place or hospitals were deployed, and there are sources about the burial places of front-line soldiers who fell in battle or died from wounds.

    In the preparation of manuscripts to perpetuate the names of front-line soldiers, more than one thousand letters from relatives, fellow soldiers, fellow villagers who reported on the fate of the defenders of the Motherland were used.

    The search work to clarify the front-line fate of soldiers in the republic all these years was carried out by a public editorial board created by a government decree, while the organizer of a specific check and preparation of materials for the release of all volumes of the Book of Memory was its working group consisting of four veterans of war and labor. In the cities and regions of the republic, the search and preparation of materials, the compilation of name lists were carried out by employees of the military registration and enlistment offices and the working groups formed under them. Great assistance in search work was provided by war and labor veterans.

    In the published volumes of the Book of Memory, as a rule, the surname, name, patronymic, year and place of birth, year and place of conscription, military rank, name of the military unit, date of death or death, as well as the place of burial of each fallen in the war are indicated. In those cases when complete information was not found on a warrior, the entry "missing in action" was made. On those who returned from the front, in the demographic information, entries were made about the date of demobilization and the place where a participant in the Great Patriotic War lived or lives.

    There were many difficulties in preparing and publishing the multi-volume edition of the Book of Memory. They consisted in the fact that archival documents more than half a century old, often compiled hastily, were being processed. Many documents were executed carelessly, illegibly, from words. There were many errors and distortions in the information received, and not only the administrative names of settlements and other places, but also the dates of birth, conscription, death, and often the surname, name of a front-line soldier.

    The greatest difficulty in clarifying information about the front-line soldiers was that the military registration and enlistment offices of our republic sent not only Komi soldiers, but also natives of other regions to defend the Fatherland. This, perhaps, is the main reason why, despite the persistent work on the search, the front-line fate of almost 70 thousand drafted into the army by the military registration and enlistment offices of our republic still remains unclear. For almost 45,000 drafted by the former Kozhvinsky district military registration and enlistment office, it has not yet been possible to collect the necessary information, and the data available in the archives are very scarce.

    Why was no data found on the summoned?

    Our northern Komi land was a witness and unwitting participant in the mass repressions that took place in the Soviet Union in the 30s-40s. Before the start of the Patriotic War, more than one hundred thousand citizens from almost all regions of the country were in places of detention stationed in the republic. In addition, during the period of well-known collectivization, thousands of peasant families from many regions of the Union were deported to live in our region. And how many Ukrainians, Belarusians, Moldovans, residents of the Baltic states, Poles, Germans were deported to us from the frontline regions? Most of them remained faithful to their duty to the Motherland. Of these categories of people, according to incomplete data, almost 100 thousand people went to the front through the Komi military registration and enlistment offices. Of course, many of them died on the battlefields with the enemy, but the military enlistment offices of the republic did not receive data on their military exploits. During the war years, military units and subdivisions of the army sent information about the fate of a front-line soldier, as a rule, to the place of birth. No information was received on these conscripts from the archives of the Ministry of Defense. The former prisoners or deportees, who were lucky enough not to die in battles, did not return to live in the republic either.

    But what a sin to hide, how many more in the forests, swamps, on the battlefields of the front line there are still the bones of nameless soldiers who stopped the march of the enemy at the cost of their lives. And how many more nameless graves of compatriots who fell in battles are, especially in 1941-1942, when our troops held back the advance of the fascist hordes. Therefore, it is not surprising that information about the feats of arms of many soldiers, sergeants and officers who left to defend the Fatherland did not reach our military registration and enlistment offices. It is impossible not to note the significant work to clarify the front-line fate of those called up by the former Kozhvinsky district military registration and enlistment office. Search engines of the district made an attempt to find the missing data. This problem was dealt with by an employee of the military registration and enlistment office, Lieutenant Colonel V. M. Pomysukhin, a representative of the administration of the Pechorsky District N. T. Suvorova, the head of the working group A. L. Fesun, an enthusiast-search engine N. V. Krivoshey and other veterans.

    About 50 thousand search cards were compiled to clarify the birthplaces of those called up by the military registration and enlistment office. They were checked in the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, where information is stored about the camp units that operated on the territory of the republic in the pre-war and war years. During the search, the former Kozhvinsky RVC established information about the birthplace of many called up. These cards were sent to the respective regions to ascertain the front-line fate of the person who had gone into the army through our military registration and enlistment office. Moreover, the cards indicated the name of the camp where the prisoner was located and the date of his conscription.

    However, almost very few regions provided us with information about the fate of former soldiers. And there were quite a few regions where military registration and enlistment offices returned to us the cards sent for them, often with the mark "You were drafted, you will figure it out." But it was about the natives of this region. With such an attitude of the military commissariats and editorial boards of the former territories and regions of the USSR, we were unable to find reliable data on the front-line fate of many.

    Volume VII includes the names of those drafted into the army only by the former Kozhvinsky district military registration and enlistment office (now Pechorsky), whose fate remains unclear so far. It should be noted that during the war years, the archives of the former Kozhvinsky RVC contain about 60 thousand sent to military units. Why were so many people called up by this draft office? Pos. Kanin and the Kozhva railway station were the assembly point for those sent for service from almost all regions of the Far North. Formed teams arrived here from the Ust-Tsilemsky, Izhemsky, Troitsko-Pechora regions and settlements located on the banks of the Pechora and Usa, within the boundaries of the b. Kozhvinsky and b. Ust-Usinsky districts. From here, former prisoners of the camp units were sent to the front: Ukhta - Izhemsky, Severo-Pechora, Northern Railway, Inta and Vorkuta. According to available archival information, up to 200 thousand prisoners were kept in the named camp points in 1940-1941. (See the book by N. A. Morozov "GULAG in the Komi Territory 1929-1956", published in Syktyvkar in 1997). Through the labor of many thousands of prisoners, the industry of the North of our republic was created, coal, hydrogen sulfide raw materials, wood and other products were mined and sent to the needs of the national economy and the front. And during the war years, tens of thousands of former campers joined the military units of the active army. In order to preserve the names of those who went to the front in the annals of history, this VII volume of the Book of Memory of the Komi Republic was published. It was published in a small edition - 1000 copies. The book will be transferred for storage and use to archival institutions, military registration and enlistment offices, and cultural institutions. Part of the circulation will be received by the republican, regional and regional military registration and enlistment offices of Russia and the republics of the former Soviet Union to clarify information about the dates of conscription.

    The work on perpetuating the memory of the defenders of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War in the republic does not end with the publication of this volume. The public editorial board is preparing for publication the final, VIII volume of the Book of Memory. It will contain lists of names of those called up with limited demographic information for the rest of the rai (gor) military registration and enlistment offices, the fate of which has not yet been established. It also turns out that the names of many participants in the Patriotic War were not immortalized in the published volumes of the Book of Memory. Information about those killed in battles and those who returned from the war continues to come to their homes. All these materials will be processed and published in the final volume. The ongoing painstaking work to perpetuate the memory of the defenders of the Motherland allows us to say that in our republic the words of the motto are persistently implemented: "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten."

    On May 9, 2005, our country celebrated the 60th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany. It was brought closer "as best they could" at the front and in the rear by millions of people. And in our village, adults and children did everything possible to defeat the enemy. Men went to the front, and women and children selflessly worked in the rear. We know about the war only from TV films and books, but we understand well that war brings the death of people, all life on earth, destruction and devastation. Therefore, we believe that as long as people who survived this terrible war live next to us, we should learn about what they experienced. We need to preserve their memories for posterity. Knowing the history of your country, its heroic struggle for freedom is the duty of every person. Recently, more and more people and the media are talking and writing about military events. Our grandparents, parents are increasingly talking about this topic. We agree with them: nothing should be forgotten. This was the reason for our turning to the topic of war. This is how the topic of our study appeared - "No one is forgotten! Nothing is forgotten!".

    Purpose of the abstract:

    tell about living war veterans and home front workers, about former prisoners of war.

    find out where and how veterans fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War;

    show how and why our fighters were captured;

    compare the situation of ordinary fighters and prisoners of war;

    talk about the conditions of life at the front and in the rear;

    show what contribution the home front workers made to the Victory;

    find out how the military events affected the fate of the heroes of our study.

    In the course of our work, we put forward the following hypothesis - both front-line soldiers and home front workers made a feasible contribution to the victory over the enemy, the war affected their destinies, undermined their health.

    The heroes of our study are war veterans: A.L. Leibovich, A.E. Ermakov and Sobolev A.A., children of participants in military events - Bulaeva I.A. and Shadrina A.M., as well as home front workers: Pichueva A.N., Mudrak L.I., Grigorieva K.S., prisoners of war: I.T. Bolmasov and A.A. Lysak. The basis of our work is interviews with living war veterans, memories of relatives about the participants in those tragic military events, materials from the museum of the Podtesovsky Lyceum and albums collected by students of the Podtesovsky basic comprehensive school No. 39 on Victory Day, as well as materials collected by members of the Poisk circle for many years ago, under the guidance of a history teacher Ryabchikova S.A. (in particular, materials about prisoners of war: I.T. Bolmasov and A.A. Lysak, stories of war veterans and children about those tragic events). We learned a lot of interesting and useful things from the books: V.K. Loginova "Siberians go to battle", Zh.V. Taratuta "War. People. Victory". I. Turenko told us about how the Siberians went to the front and fought the enemy in the book "Front and Rear of the Yenisei".

    What the soldiers of the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division had to experience at the front (the hero of our study, A.L. Leibovich, fought in it), we learned from the essay by O. Munin "Red Banner, Twice Born. The Battle Path of the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division in the Great Patriotic War "(taken from the archive of A.L. Leibovich). To reproduce the picture of the war, we used the book "No one is forgotten. Nothing is forgotten. 1941-1945" by Yu.K. Strizhenova and L.V. Yarushina. Particularly interesting are the documents of those war years, telling about the exploits of Soviet soldiers, about home front workers. We found material about the fate of prisoners of war in the book of Dobrovolsky I.V. "GULAG. Its builders, inhabitants and heroes". In it we read: “The war did not leave the internal affairs bodies without work. On December 28, 1941, Secretary General of State Security L.P. Beria issued an order “On the creation of special camps for former Red Army soldiers who were captured and surrounded by the enemy.” Workers The Yenisei Military Commissariat provided us with information about how many people were called to the front from Podtesovo, how many returned, how many died. In the village military registration table, we received a list of war veterans living in the village. Not all participants in the war wanted to talk about military events: too It is hard for them to remember those terrible events.


    1. "...No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten"


    "... No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten" - sad and solemn words.

    "... No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten" - words of deep meaning, addressed not only to the past, but also to the future. Many, many heroes have left us forever. But their names are always with us, always in the minds of the people, in everyday work, will always be in the coming tomorrow.

    "... No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten" - these words are addressed to war veterans, our contemporaries, who not only achieved victory, raised their native land from ruins and ashes, but also elevated it unprecedentedly with their heroic labor. They can proudly say that the blood shed was not in vain. The heroic, combat and labor traditions, which manifested themselves during the Great Patriotic War, live in today's affairs of workers. The great nationwide feat, marked by victory in 1945, continues in the peaceful creative work of millions of people.

    These words from the inscription on the memorial near Leningrad are words of gratitude from all the people to those who died near Brest, Moscow, on the Volga and near Berlin for the happiness and independence of their Motherland.

    60 years have passed since the great victory. Much has been done in our country to perpetuate the exploits of the heroes of the past war.

    Pages of the collection of documents and materials "No one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten 1941-1945." bring us back to the heroic, unforgettable days of the Great Patriotic War.

    When more than five million troops of fascist Germany and its allies invaded the USSR, there were few people in the West who believed that this gigantic battle would end with the victory of the Soviet people.

    Nazi Germany counted on an easy, lightning-fast victory. Starting the war against the Soviet Union, the ruling circles of Nazi Germany planned the physical extermination of millions of Soviet people, the dismemberment of our Motherland, turning it into a colony of the "Great German Empire", using the natural resources of our country to win world domination.

    This was one of the main miscalculations of Hitler and his accomplices.

    Great was the influx of volunteers into the army, the ranks of the people's militia, extermination and communist battalions, self-defense groups. From the very first days of the war, Soviet people launched a partisan war behind enemy lines.

    Numerous letters and applications were received from all over the country from the working people with a request to send them to the territory occupied by the enemy for waging a guerrilla war. Communists and Komsomol members were in the forefront of the people, who rose up with weapons in their hands against the Nazi invaders. Soviet people of all nationalities, all Union republics came out against German fascism. All the peoples of the Soviet Union strove to make a worthy contribution to the defeat of the enemy by sending their best sons to the front. The mighty patriotic upsurge of the working people of our country was led by the heroic working class of the Soviet Union. A deep understanding of their responsibility for the fate of the Motherland was shown by the many millions of Soviet peasants and the country's intelligentsia.

    As the literature we have read testifies, the attack of fascist Germany was treacherous, calculated on a quick success. Hitler's plans failed because the whole country rose to the defense of their native land.


    2. They walked the roads of war for a long time


    "Motherland is calling!"

    Alexander Efimovich Ermakov spoke about the military pages of his biography and about himself.

    "I was born in 1925 in the village of Ostyatskaya, Kolmagorovsky district. It was located just below Ust-Pit. There were four children in our family. The elder brother, born in 1922, died and was buried in a mass grave in the city of Laukha, the Korelo-Finnish USSR.

    He was called to the front by the Yartsevsky military registration and enlistment office in November 1942. At first he studied military affairs in the military camp of the city of Achinsk, and then - to the 2nd Ukrainian Front.

    He walked along difficult military roads, starting from Western Ukraine, through the land of Czechoslovakia, Romania, and reached Hungary. Forced the Danube, took Budapest. We proudly walked through the city of Sidetz, rested a bit there, cleaned our weapons and again - to the front.

    December 23, 1943 - the first light wound. Soon - the second, severe wound in the leg. He lay in the field hospital in the city of Sidets, and then - in the rear, in the hospital of the Romanian city of Constantia. Conditions were better in the hospital in Sidec, in Romania they were worse. Romania was impoverished during the war, and there were a lot of wounded. Russian doctors treated us, as it was a military field hospital. I lay in it for 8 months from the date of injury. They wanted to amputate the leg, but I didn't. This is where I still suffer.

    I served as a junior sergeant.

    What days at the front are the most difficult, difficult, difficult? I would say: all days are difficult. The front is the front. It was a terrible war, many people died. I remember: we went to break through the enemy's defenses, many of us, young, not fired, died. Then, consider, I was a boy of 17 - 18 years old, young, inexperienced, dreaming of a feat in the name of the Motherland. There were many of us! Those are the ones who died! After all, they rushed towards danger thoughtlessly, hastily. Then you become experienced. And at first, the war-villain mowed down us indiscriminately, regardless of faces and ranks.

    Despite all the horrors of the war, we wrote home: "I'm alive and well, and I wish you all the same." You won't write much. I had to write letters even in the trenches. Letters were received from home, but rarely. Letters are good, soothing, encouraging. My mother was worried about her dead son (my brother). I learned about it at the front. This made me avenge my brother.

    Rest once in the war. The main thing is to find time to clean the weapon, because your life depended on it in many respects.

    I had a fighting friend Styopa Ryabikov. He carried me, seriously wounded, from the battlefield. This true friend, I could rely on him as on myself. I ended up in the hospital. He went on the roads of war. That's the way to meet him! I don't know what I would do for this! I would give a lot for this! At the front they lived together, otherwise it was impossible to live. They helped each other, helped each other, shared everything.

    At the beginning of the war, German technology was stronger. From the first days of the war, self-propelled tankettes with 45 mm armor took part in the battles; they were pierced by enemy shells, they burned like matches, quickly. A little later, the Katyusha rescued us, she fired 6 shells, she would break through - and into the rear so that they would not spot her, although the Fritz tried more than once. They have a tank "Ferdinand", we called it "Andryusha", we joked: "They should be married to the Katyusha".

    Then they released a tank with good armor "Joseph Stalin". When new strong tanks appeared, it became easier to fight. We, as they say, "gave a light" to the German. In battles, artillery supported when they went on the offensive. Aviation helped a lot - they bombed the Germans.

    The forcing of the Danube was especially memorable. There such pillboxes were dug up! I had to retreat. Our prisoners of war were digging. When they took Budapest, they fought for every meter, every quarter. In order to have fewer casualties, they crossed at night, on rafts and boats. The Danube is a wide and turbulent river. There was a bridge across it even during the war. It connected two cities - Buda and Pest. First there was artillery preparation. We went and they: who is the first, we or they? Walking under a hail of bullets. From all sides everything burns with fire, a terrible roar! Aviation supported us. There were many more Germans. The German defense was strong, strong. Our commander D. Sviridov, lieutenant general, died during the offensive in the breakthrough of the defense. A good, sensible commander was. Headed the 2nd Ukrainian Front Malinovsky.

    At first, the Romanians fought for the Germans. America and England helped us. Then Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania began to help. America and England helped with technology, mainly by planes, and took part in hostilities as allies until the very end of the war. They also helped with clothing and food. Everything happened: where they were so full (Alexander Yefimovich makes a gesture with his hand under his throat), and where they didn’t see a piece of bread for a week. You can't bring the kitchen - that's all. If there was a field kitchen, they ate different soups. More often - dry rations. These are mainly dry concentrates, canned food, stew. Outfit according to the season. In winter - felt boots and a short fur coat, in summer - boots with windings. Now they are not worn in boots.

    The Germans had to be taken prisoner during the battle. They say something quickly in their own language, we do not understand them. The prisoners were sent to the headquarters of the division. It was strict, especially at the end of the war. You couldn't hurt them, hurt them. But someone on the sly before the end of the war could vent their anger, hatred, pain on them. They didn't feel sorry for our brother.

    In Hungary, they were surrounded. They were surrounded for 3 days. They were starving, hiding in the trenches. The 110th army recaptured us from there.

    I remember we were resting when they took the city of Sydets. Cleaned up the weapon. We found a lake, gave us laundry soap, let's wash, splash. Washed, roasted clothes, insects, that is, lice, wound up in it. Shaved rarely. But they tried to take care of themselves, no matter what.

    I had to sleep very little, more often in the trenches. This is not a hostel, and not a restaurant, war, brother, a terrible thing!!!

    Of course, we were prepared for war as best we could. I remember the campground. It was located between the cities of Kotovsky and Bayaty. Conditions similar to hostels. For a week of intensive training, the gymnast sprawled on her shoulders. There were grueling hikes, 30 km per night, if not more. After a short rest - again learning: this is a march - throws, huge physical training, rapid ascents on a signal: "Alarm!", "Into the gun!". The commanders drove us without making any allowances for fatigue, they did not recognize any "I can't, I won't." After all, war does not make any discounts to anyone.

    In the war, everything had to ... Is it possible to get used to the war? Probably not. True, over time there is no fear, no fear. If you are afraid, you will die. When the artillery preparation began, one could die of fear.

    And there was such a case. We drove to the front from Pervomaiskaya station. Military train. A man and a woman threw a rocket - let them know that a military train was coming. And the bombing of the train by German aircraft began. People rushed in all directions. The echelon was taken away from the station, away from it. The saboteurs were caught, they were under the train. They were taken away for interrogation. Who they were, why they embarked on the path of betrayal, I do not know. How many such pests were there? If there had been no sabotage, then perhaps the war would have ended earlier. I am absolutely sure of this.

    There were also deserters in the war. I remember a military tribunal tried two men. They were called to the front, but were in hiding. They were caught and sentenced to death.

    In the hospital, sometimes during a respite between the onset of the holidays, we had concerts by amateur groups, military ensembles and front-line brigades. A front-line soldier S. Gogonov lived in our village, he was in a military ensemble, he danced well. They raised our morale.

    It's been almost 60 years since the Victory Day! I met him at the hospital. It was fun. Joy overflowed. And now I'm 79 years old. The memory is no longer the same. He traveled many kilometers along the roads of war. I demobilized in 1946. They were not hired with the 2nd group of disability. The pension is small. Three children. I had to recommission to the third group to be hired. The pension after the war was 72 rubles for the second disability group. Somehow they gave a cut for a suit; they gave me rations - 600 g of bread.

    How did the war affect me? She changed my attitude to everything: to people, to nature. I became smarter, stronger, more courageous, I learned to appreciate friendship, people, I learned a careful, reverent attitude towards all living things. The war did not harden me.

    I often have war dreams. Again and again I experience what I experienced in the war. Now I go on the attack, then I am surrounded ... "

    Alexander Efimovich Ermakov and his wife raised three daughters. My wife was a primary school teacher, she had to work 1.5 shifts. They lived for many years in love and harmony. She died several years ago. Alexander Efimovich has two adult grandchildren. They, like his daughters, take care of him, help in everything.

    Alexander Efimovich was awarded the orders: Patriotic War 1st degree "For the Capture of Budapest", medals: "For Courage", "For Forcing the Danube", "For Victory in the Great Patriotic War" and others.

    The work book of Alexander Efimovich is full of letters and thanks. Was on the Board of Honor in the ORS. He worked as a freelancer in the police, and here his work is marked by gratitude.

    We wanted to make a film about him, but when a newspaper article about him came out, he read it and got sick, so he refused to film: “Why shoot me? I’m not a hero, an ordinary soldier! Thank you for listening, writing about me. It's enough".


    3. "Often, it happened - I went without a halt"


    Here is what we learned from the story of A.L. Leibovich, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War: "My youth coincided with tragic events: in 1937 my father was arrested, and then the war. The care of children was a heavy burden on the fragile mother's shoulders - there were eight of us. After graduating from 10 classes, I entered the Krasnoyarsk River school. From there he was drafted into the army. On February 2, 1943, we were brought to Zaozerny to the regimental school. There we studied military affairs, the Charter, prepared for service. After 6 months, we were awarded the rank of sergeant and sent to the Bologoye station in the Leningrad Region. We arrived there in the morning ", and in the evening - the first battle. Of the four battalions, 120 people survived. Many young people died due to inexperience, especially when they went on the attack. It was a terrible sight. They ran towards the enemy shouting "For the Motherland!", "For Stalin!". You look: one fell nearby, the other from the side. You think: you will now suffer the same fate ... The battles were heavy. We had tanks, machine guns; strong German fortifications were also smashed with the help of aircraft. Sometimes they did not know either sleep or rest. They ate mainly dry rations: dry vobla, American canned food and crackers. Hot is extremely rare. Even less often - a bath. I remember, it happened, to wash like this: a car with a hose came. It had a nozzle with a water-scattering jet. We were sent to a barn with hay instead of a floor and watered with this "rain". While we were washing, the lice were evaporated from our clothes. In winter they were covered with snow. Real holidays for us were concerts of amateur groups. Lyrical and military songs reminded us of home, peaceful life.

    It was hard at the front. But we wrote good letters home. In the rear, after all, life was not easy either.

    Near Koenigsberg he was seriously wounded in the leg. They were taken to the hospital in calf wagons - there were no others. We drove for a long time. The hospitals were overcrowded, we were not accepted. The wound did not heal for a long time. I was sent home accompanied by a nurse. And at home, as they say, the walls heal. After 4 months - again in the army. By decision of the military medical board, he was sent to Novosibirsk, to the communications battalion. He was demobilized only in 1946. "Having begun his military career in the Leningrad region, Alexander Lazarevich walked the difficult roads of the war in the Pskov region, courageously and bravely beat the enemy near Vitebsk, Nevel, Koenigsberg as part of the 2nd Belorussian Front as commander of a rifle squad. He had to be and in intelligence, deliver "languages".

    “We experienced a lot in this war,” says the veteran. “But we firmly believed in victory, defending our native land. At first, the Germans and equipment were stronger than us. Therefore, they beat us mercilessly. They occupied our cities and villages, demolished, burned. later they shouted: “Hitler kaput!” They asked for mercy, they said: “Kinder!” They explained in broken Russian that they had families. We treated them humanely. That was the order, but we are people, not animals like them animals in human form, although they did not deserve it. The hardest time for us at that time was autumn and spring. Dirt, slush, dampness. We were in boots. Footcloths were dried, sticking them out over the boots. The elders took care of us like a father , taught the difficult science of fighting and surviving. I met Victory Day in Novosibirsk. They jumped, shouted for joy like crazy, cried, hugged and kissed. We lived in anticipation of meeting with relatives ... "The Motherland appreciated the exploits of Alexander Lazarevich: the Order of Glory III degree, medals "For Courage", "For the Capture of Warsaw", "For the Victory over Germany".

    After demobilization, he connected his life with the fleet. Persistently mastered river professions. From skipper to captain - this is the work path of Alexander Lazarevich. His colleague V. Yushkov says: "I can only say good things about him: responsible, executive, independent." A veteran of the river shipping company, he is a modest, simple, cordial person, a good family man. With his wife Valentina Kuzmovna, they are a wonderful couple, charming people. In 2001, they celebrated their golden wedding. Alexander Lazarevich Leibovich fought in the 166th Red Banner Division. Here is what we learned about her from Oleg Munin's book: "Red Banner, Twice Born. Battle Path of the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division in the Great Patriotic War" (brief essay). (OOG, GETs, GKS, Ukrainian SSR, 1981)

    Here are excerpts from this short essay:

    Despite the very difficult conditions in which offensive and defensive battles were fought, Soviet soldiers, including those from the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division, continued to show mass heroism.

    Some bitter statistics of wars.

    In the Priekule area, battles were fought for several months, which were mentioned in the reports of the Sovinformburo as battles of local importance and to improve positions. So, only at the fraternal military cemetery in Priekul 23 thousand Soviet soldiers who fell in these "battles of local significance" are buried. At the cemetery in Vained, where Nikolai Gribanov accomplished his unparalleled feat, six thousand soldiers rest, mostly guardsmen from the Army of General Chistyakov. And there are eight such cemeteries only on the territory of the Liepaja region of the Latvian SSR. Dear, at a very high price, we won the victory!

    A. L. Leibovich recalls one of the most difficult operations in which he participated as part of the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division: “The Nazis tried to surround the Soviet divisions near Nevel, going on a counteroffensive on the flanks. It was then that the so-called Nevelsky bag was formed, or "bottle", the neck of which was shot through by the enemy from all types of weapons. Divisions of the 6th Guards Army, including ours, the 166th rifle, were sent to this "bottle".

    We moved along the neck at night, observing all the precautions, not only light, but also sound masking. But it was still not possible to escape the shelling. The enemy opened furious artillery and mortar fire. All the targets of the Nazis were well targeted. And already in the neck of the "Nevelsk bottle" the divisions suffered the first combat losses of people and equipment.

    Actions proceeded in mud, especially heavy in this swampy area. Despite this, our troops moved further and further deep into the territory occupied by the Germans and took possession of the lines. Our division was on the offensive for 10 days in November 1943."

    Oleg Munin writes: "The 166th Rifle Division during this period played an important role in disrupting the enemy's attempt to close the throat of the Nevelsk bottle and surround the troops of the three Soviet Armies. On account of its soldiers - the defeat of the 211th infantry and 2nd airfield divisions of the enemy."

    In the essay, he cites the memoirs of Marshal of the Soviet Union Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan, who wrote in his memoirs ("So we went to victory"): "I remember well that end of autumn and the beginning of winter. The weather completely deteriorated. It was very difficult to overcome impassability. Not only cars ", but the wagons also got stuck in the mud. The temperature did not fall below zero. The swamps did not think not only to freeze, but also to freeze slightly. Soldiers and junior commanders carried shells from artillery supply points to battery positions on their hands. Boxes were delivered to the front line on their hands with cartridges and grenades, with all other cargo."

    In the essay by O. Munin we read: “On December 21, 1943, I. V. Stalin signed order No. 50, which said: “For a successfully carried out operation ... to present the 166th Infantry Division for awarding the Order of the Red Banner.”

    Alexander Lazarevich told us about the commander of the 423rd Infantry Regiment, in which he served, Fyodor Nikandrovich Utenkov: "He was a skilled commander, a brave warrior. He distinguished himself in many battles, and one of the first was awarded the military orders of Kutuzov and Alexander Nevsky."

    How difficult was the preparation of the Soviet troops for a decisive offensive, we learned from the essay by O. Munin: "Before the assault, we carefully studied the enemy's defense system. We had to overcome nine full-profile trench lines with numerous firing points, minefields and wire obstacles in several rows" .

    Alexander Lazarevich is a modest person. He did not talk about his military exploits, he talked about the regiment itself. “I regret,” he said, “that many names and surnames of my fighting friends have been erased from my memory. So many years have passed since that terrible military time!”

    Everything that we learned about the combat path of the 166th Red Banner Rifle Division helped us to see the full burden of preparing and conducting military operations in which it participated, to touch the heroic pages of its front-line biography.


    4. A soldier is always a soldier


    A.A. Sobolev is also a participant in the Great Patriotic War. “At the age of sixteen, he left to defend his Motherland. After short-term three-month courses to the solemn sounds of the orchestra, he went to the front, and immediately to the front line. He fought first on the Belarusian and then on the Ukrainian front. Alexey Alekseevich. "They fed us like they were going to die," he jokes. “Often they went on the attack,” the veteran continues, “almost all the “green”, that is, young, and only a few returned. After all, they were inexperienced. I remember: a shell thundered, and only ribs remained from a person. that moment! The war taught me to endure hardships steadfastly, not to be afraid of anything, to rely mainly on myself. In March 1943, he was shell-shocked, received a severe wound to his arm and chest from an explosive bullet in the battle for Minsk. He was treated for a long time in the hospital. I was demobilized at the beginning of 1945. A nurse accompanied me to the house. Mom cried for a long time, lamented when she saw me. I reassured her: "Don't cry! The main thing is that he returned alive!” “Before, life was easier,” Alexey Alekseevich laments, “people were kinder, more sympathetic. Products, things could be bought, but now the prices are huge - you won’t get close. People stop talking like human beings. True, in the pre-perestroika period, he went to the sanatorium five times. The village administration does not forget me. The students helped to chop and stack firewood. The district administration helped to buy an apartment. I live with my daughter, son-in-law and grandchildren. We keep cattle, sell cottage cheese, milk. With one hand, but little by little I work. "Aleksey Alekseevich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Zhukov medal and the medal" For victory in the Great Patriotic War. opportunities to my family and friends."I worry about the future of my grandchildren. After all, he fought for a happy peaceful life on earth. And the world is very restless: wars, terrorists. But we thought that the war would be the last!", - says Alexey Alekseevich at the end of our conversation.

    So, our countrymen fought on different fronts. They had to go through a lot in the war, but they withstood all the tests with honor and returned victorious.


    5. They are the children of war, their fathers are the defenders of the Motherland


    "My parents steadfastly endured all the vicissitudes of fate"

    Bulaev Vladimir Ivanovich talks about his father and wartime: “Father was born in 1903. He was taken to the front in 1942 from Igarka. children. He left his family in the village of Vilimovka with his father-in-law. The village then, like everyone else, lived hard. In 1943 he took the oath in the Western Rifle Regiment. From December 20, 1943 he was a shooter. He fought on the 4th Ukrainian Front as part of the 52nd Army 312th division of the 105th regiment.Father did not like to talk about the war, watch war films.He claimed that it was a lie.He said that he terribly believed Stalin.After all, life became better after the war.Father told me that he fought in the Crimea.There, on Sivash ", the Germans fought strong battles. There was no opportunity to eat or rest. They cooked feather grass and horse meat in a helmet or in a pot. It was impossible to raise your head. They entered the Crimea through the Sivash in those places where Perekop was taken in the civil war. The Red Guards carried on themselves shells on the Crimean peninsula. In Sivash, the water is salty and icy. The fighters saw in it the preserved corpses of the Red Guards in caps and overcoats, left there since the Civil War. Father said: “I would have found this place even now, I would have known - there were too many shells. There was a terrible battle, the northern bay was all on fire. There was no city - there were only ruins. They walked through the Sivash, exposing themselves to mortal danger. " German rocket launchers soared into the sky. At any moment, the fighters could be detected. The shooter went through the whole war. He was wounded during the capture of Sevastopol on March 9, 1944. He lay in the hospital of the city of Saki. Then he caught up with his regiment, with which he went until the end of the war. Was awarded Order of the Patriotic War II degree after the war. He did not really appreciate it: "Now, if I had received it at that time, immediately after the capture of Sevastopol, that would have been a reward!" - said his father bitterly.

    My sister and I were small when my father left us with my mother in the village. It was difficult. The mill worked throughout the war. The village saved so many people whose fathers went to the front! There were no men. I remember that we, the children, were gathered together on a holiday and fed. Grandfather adopted two families: ours and his son Andrey. There were four of us children. In winter, they went, collected the remaining potatoes, fried potato pancakes from it. In summer - on pasture: grass - quinoa and wild garlic. Mom's trouble was that she was not a collective farmer. Mom brought father beautiful felt boots. He - to her: "Why do I need them? I pass in teal." Mom changed them for bread. Here is how it was. The man who took them said: "I will get bread for workdays and pay you for them." And he was accused of uncleanliness, i.e. they said that he was not clean-handed, and they arrested him. My mother wrote to my father at the front about this. The father turned to the commander for help. He wrote in Kazachinskoye. A commissioner from the military registration and enlistment office came from there, figured out everything. The man was released and acquitted. He subsequently gave bread for felt boots. Father said: "We won because there was attention to people, justice."

    I remember how my mother and other women guessed at their fathers. They burned paper on a plate near the kuti stove on religious holidays (Christmas, Christmas, etc.), by candlelight. They judged what would happen by the shadow, came up with explanations. It happened to my mother that my father was alive. Her joy knew no bounds! Funerals often came. Then the whole village wept. Women went black from terrible news. Both mother and father lost all their brothers. This is terrible grief.

    My father was demobilized in 1945. For heroic deeds he was awarded the Order of Glory, medals: "For participation in the Great Patriotic War", "For the victory over Germany", "For valiant work during the Great Patriotic War".

    Upon returning from the front, my father returned with us to Igarka. They also brought a cow that my mother raised in the village (my mother gave all her good things in exchange for a heifer).

    The time after the war was difficult, difficult. The children got sick with scurvy. I had to move to Minusinsk, as my daughter Nina died.

    When my father returned from the war, he did not lose heart. He was given an apartment in Igarka as an order bearer, an old former worker of high qualification. I have never heard complaints about life from the lips of my parents. Both conscientiously worked, steadfastly endured all the vicissitudes of fate.


    6. Tanker-machine gunner


    "My father Alexander Maksimovich was born in the village of Elan, Yenisei region in 1923. He was drafted into the army in 1940. And in 1941 he volunteered for the front. He said that young soldiers rushed there with a sincere desire to quickly defeat the enemy, blazing with hatred to him - says Svetlana Alexandrovna. - Dad was a tank driver throughout the war." Judging by the entries made in his military ID, at first he was a cadet, driver of the T-34 of the 70th reserve rifle regiment, then he fought in the 258th tank battalion, a little later - in the 116th guards regiment as a commander. Tank commander and reached Berlin. He returned in 1946.

    Dad rarely talked about the war. I remember: I often said that "war is not a sight for the faint of heart", that a lot of young soldiers died, especially in the first years of the war. "My heart was ready to burst when they walked over our and German corpses in battle, and there were a great many of them! Intestines were wound on tracks. It's scary! God forbid anyone see this!" In Poland, a father saved a little girl. She sat in a dilapidated basement and cried. And nearby, on the stairs, lay her dead parents. They died during the bombing. Her father calmed her down, fed her, and then took her to the hospital. Subsequently, she was adopted by a military doctor.

    Dad burned in the tank three times, got a serious concussion. He was treated in the Rostov hospital. As soon as he began to recover, he fled to the front with a friend, and without documents. That's how strong the desire was to quickly defeat the Nazis."

    We also managed to talk with Alexander Maksimovich's wife, Anna Yakovlevna, a small thin woman (she is already over 80 years old): “As a young girl, I worked at the Kolomna military plant, evacuated to Krasnoyarsk during the war. them to the front line. We, teenagers, were proud of helping adults produce guns for the front. It was a difficult time. We were malnourished, had very little rest, there was nothing to wear in a way. But we did not complain - we understood that it was difficult for everyone, but front soldiers - doubly. We believed that we would defeat the enemy. Then it would become easier, more satisfying. I met Sasha while navigating in Igarka on the Yenisei. He was a high-class specialist - the first mechanic. We got married in Dudinka. Later we moved to Podtesovo. Sasha in for several years he was elected a deputy of the district council. Of course, the war did not pass without a trace for him. In recent years, he began to drink more often and recall the hard times of the war. When he talked about the war, he cried, he kept repeating: "God forbid this bloody massacre should be repeated! It's scary, Anya, oh, how scary it was and hard! I don’t wish this on a fierce enemy! ”He felt sorry for the dead, grieved. He didn’t like to watch films about the war, say that they don’t have anything that the Soviet soldiers had to experience. But the war did not make him evil and cruel! (This is also confirmed by the daughter). Post-war life made him nervous. Even today, the neighbors say only good things about him, because he helped everyone in every way he could, did nothing bad to anyone." Svetlana Alexandrovna married a Belarusian and lives in Belarus. (Now she came to the village to visit her sick mother). She told us about her father-in-law Vasily Vasilyevich: “When the German troops approached the village of Borisovka, the inhabitants with their children went into the forest, lived in dugouts. They took clothes, food, livestock with them. Father-in-law was not taken to the front for health reasons. People were returning to the village when the Germans left it. His wife with two young children went home to bathe and heat the stove. The Germans came in. Gathered all the inhabitants of the village into one shed and set it on fire. "It was a terrible sight! - said Vasily Vasilyevich. - No one was spared by the barbarians, even the children were not spared! There were mostly women and children. Everyone was burned alive! Only those who were in the forest survived. How could we help our relatives and friends?" For all the living, this human conflagration remained an eternal, unhealed wound. Father lived in war, spoke only about the war, remembered only about it. We were afraid that he would go crazy. Indeed, in one day he immediately lost his relatives, his beloved wife and two young children! ". Vasily Vasilyevich was 16 years old at that time. With the troops of the Red Army, he volunteered for the front. He fought heroically for his native land. He is still alive. And my father passed away in 1989. The war severely undermined his health."

    For military exploits, Alexander Maksimovich received many high awards: the Order of the Patriotic War III degree, Glory III degree, Red Star; medals: "For Courage", "For Military Merit", "For the Capture of Berlin", "For the Liberation of Warsaw", "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War". Part of the military documents and awards of A. M. Shadrin is kept in the Yenisei Museum of Local Lore in the exposition dedicated to the Great Patriotic War (he himself donated them to the museum).


    7. "Life was hard for everyone during the war!"


    A.N. Pichueva was a teenager during the war years. She says: “It was very difficult for everyone during the war. Most of the men went to the front. In the village, mostly women and children. We helped the front as best we could. All the teenagers provided all possible assistance to the collective farm. I helped my mother milk the cows on the farm, clean We, teenagers, helped in the collective farm garden, carried water for irrigation, planted and weeded every little thing, including vegetables. I remember: they took us early to the field. From 7 am to 11 pm we weeded bread. Late in the evening came to the winter hut. There a bucket of water whitened with mare's milk was waiting for us. They poured us this muddy boiling water and gave us 50 grams of bread. That's the whole dinner. We slept on straw planks. In the morning - back to work. That's how we lived - cold, hungry. My father and two brothers were at the front, both brothers died, Fyodor, a tanker, was buried in Germany, and Ivan, wounded and died in the Brest region, Kosovo region.

    Father returned from the front in December 1946, wounded, barely alive, with orders and medals. Brought one makhornitsa from the front. There were five of us left with my mother when my father and brothers went to the front.

    From the east, I remember, there were trains with soldiers from the Japanese war. We ran to the echelons, sang songs, recited poems for the soldiers. As a token of gratitude (or maybe out of pity for us, hungry, thin children), they gave away their rations, took pity on us, and did not eat themselves. My older brother Fedor was driving west from the Japanese war, ran to see us for 15 minutes. There was nothing to even feed him.

    It was a hungry time. The collective farm harvested in the fall. Tried to collect spikelets. The ranger was chasing us. What was it? Wrecker, right? Let it disappear - you can't take it! If they get caught, they'll put you in jail. I remember: my peers drilled through the floor in a barn with grain, took 1 kg each. They were caught, tried, they were all given 3 years. Potatoes left in the ground were not allowed to be dug. This is also, in my opinion, sabotage. And in the spring, we, the children, walked, turned the ground, found frozen potatoes. They brought it home, put it on the stove, it will melt, you start eating with appetite. Ate and frozen turnip. He was in the war instead of a treat. They ate grass in the summer, they ate quinoa.

    They went to war half-dressed. Mother is washing clothes. We sleep naked on the stove. Each had one wash shirt. Get dressed in the morning and walk all day.

    There was nothing to heat the stove, there was no firewood. They went to the forest with a sled, carried wild cherry, sawn there. They collected dry cow shivyaks, in winter they heated the stoves. They took fire from each other. It happened that they did not give it. Those who are richer lived a little.

    They worked for workdays. If the harvest failed, nothing was given. Potato, and for some reason it was not born. Once we bought a bag of small potatoes and planted them. They thought: there will be a good harvest, they waited, hoped. But she was not born. And what can be born with this? Vegetables were hardly planted. Yes, and how to grow them, if there is only one well for the whole village. So they stood in line for water. Vegetables began to be planted only in the 60s. Seeds - where someone will give little by little. I don’t understand why they didn’t give anything to each other, even on loan. They did not give, even if there was something to give.

    Didn't see anything good. Throughout the war - cold and hunger. I remember that in August 1944 they brought a funeral for my younger brother. We hid it under the roof, afraid to show it to our mother. But we were forced to give it up anyway. On March 8, 1945, a funeral was brought for the elder. (Copies of thanks and funerals are in the appendix). It is impossible to convey maternal grief and ours too! It was handed over by the chairman of the village council. All my life my mother grieved for them. She cried and lamented: “For what, Lord? Why did my little bloods perish? (Anna Nikolaevna herself could not hold back her tears from the flood of memories. It was felt that it was very difficult for her to remember)

    Parcels came from America to the families of those whose relatives were at the front. They contained things and products, bacon fat (a small piece), including. Of the things, I remember, there was a dress and ankle boots.

    I remember well how they gave bread rations on the collective farm - 250 grams per person. The storekeeper (it was a wounded front-line soldier) will throw a bun on the scales, and it was corn, heavy. He did this so quickly that you won’t even have time to blink an eye to see the weight. But take it and go. This is what they lived. They kept a cow. Bread was exchanged for milk. They drank little milk. They rarely went to the market.

    Since 1953, she began to work as a trailer. The tractor driver taught me how to operate a tractor. I began to plow the land. You plow the day - you rest for the day. Then she made good money: she received 1.5 tons of wheat as a bonus, and 1 kg of wheat was given for workdays. My father and I received a whole car of grain. For this, the chairman was quickly removed, although he paid us fairly.

    I was not afraid of any work. She worked on a tractor and a combine harvester, hauled hay on sleds, poured grain on the sites, and carried bales of hay on horseback. Raised three sons. Experience - 42 years. And the pension is 2100 rubles. Does that mean it doesn't work anymore? I don’t have any benefits, although from the age of 8 I worked with my mother on the farm.”

    Indeed, Anna Nikolaevna lived a hard life, the hunger and cold of the wartime fell on her childhood. Why is life so hard for her today? Her sons help her as much as possible. The war time (and the post-war one too) undermined her health.

    Looking at this woman, telling with pain about everything she has experienced, I want to believe her. But ... some people say that they lived together during the war, helped each other out, helped in any way they could. There must have been different people, just like now. Some are selfless, others are selfish. Or maybe there were people who didn’t have anything themselves, and therefore didn’t give anything?

    Indeed, fathers and sons courageously fought the enemy at the front, and women, children, and the elderly selflessly worked in the rear. This is evidenced by the materials placed in the appendix: letters and stories of war veterans and their grandchildren. It was not easy for both of them. But they believed that they would defeat the enemy. Faith gave them strength in the fight against the Nazis.


    8. Defenders of the Motherland - "enemies of the people"


    On September 1, 1939, World War II broke out. Its most important, and perhaps the most tragic page was the struggle of the Soviet people against fascist aggression. The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union is the decisive stage of the world war, since the fate of not only our country, but also Europe and the whole world was decided on its fronts.

    On June 22, 1941, at dawn, without a declaration of war, treacherously violating the non-aggression pact, the Nazi troops invaded Soviet soil. Thousands of German guns suddenly opened fire on the Soviet border outposts, on the headquarters and dispositions of troops. German aviation carried out bombing and assault strikes on military and industrial facilities, on the cities of the Baltic states, Belarus, and Ukraine. Thus began the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany.

    The perfidious German attack took most of the divisions and regiments of the frontier and military districts by surprise. The defensive lines near the borders were not occupied by the troops, who had already been withdrawn to summer camps near the training fields and shooting ranges in May. Artillery was located at the district training grounds far from the borders and their divisions. Aviation was not dispersed over field airfields.

    The implementation of the "Plan Barbarossa", according to which the Nazis sought to capture the territory of our country along the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line in 68 weeks, began with enemy air strikes and tank breakthroughs in three main directions - Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev.

    The result of a sudden blow was terrible. Tens of thousands of killed, wounded, missing Red Army soldiers. By July 10, German troops advanced 500 km in the northwest direction, 600 km in the west, and 350 km in the southwest. They captured the Baltic States, Belarus, Moldova, part of Ukraine. In three weeks, our troops lost 3,500 aircraft, 6,000 tanks, more than 20,000 guns and mortars. Nevertheless, from the very first minutes of the war, the enemy met stubborn and desperate resistance. The first blows of the Nazis were taken by the border guards.

    Many border outposts fought for several days against superior enemy forces. For a month, the garrison of the Brest Fortress resisted. The border guards took an oath: "We will die, but we will not leave the fortress!" Major P. M. Gavrilov and regimental commissar E. M. Fomin were at the head of the fortress defenders.

    In early July, in the central direction, German troops approached Smolensk. A fierce battle ensued for the city, which lasted two months.

    In mid-September, the Nazis broke through to Lake Ladoga, thereby cutting off Leningrad from land. A 900-day blockade of Leningrad began, which claimed about a million lives. By mid-August, in the southern direction, the German-Romanian troops, who had a five-fold superiority, broke through Soviet positions and tried to capture Odessa, but did not achieve success. The advance of German troops to the Donbass and the threat of the capture of the Crimea forced the Headquarters to order the evacuation of troops from Odessa to the Crimea. By this time, German troops broke through into the Crimea and rushed to Sevastopol, which defended itself for 250 days.

    For the first failures of the Red Army, a significant share of the blame lies with the political leadership of the country, and, above all, personally with Stalin, who overestimated the significance of the Soviet-German treaty. The leader began to look for the perpetrators of the failures, and already in early July 1941, a group of generals from the Western, Northwestern and Southern Fronts was transferred to the court of a military tribunal. The order to execute the military leaders was read "in all companies, batteries, squadrons and air squadrons."

    On August 16, when the Soviet troops retreated along the entire front and many units and formations were surrounded, Stalin's order number 270 was signed. The order declared all prisoners of war traitors and traitors indiscriminately. The families of captured commanders and political workers were subjected to repression, while the relatives of captured soldiers were deprived of all the benefits provided to the families of war veterans. But they were captured in different ways. Most often, these were fighters who were seriously injured. And the encirclement of large groups of Soviet troops often occurred due to miscalculations by the high commands and fuzzy actions of commanders. And although this order played a certain positive role, it doomed millions of families to suffering, made outcasts of people who returned from captivity.

    The Nazis mocked the prisoners with diabolical sophistication. They stabbed them with bayonets, beat them with butts, and did not give them food.

    This is what Lieutenant Kuznetsov recalled, who was rescued by his own from fascist captivity.

    “I was seriously wounded, lying unconscious. When our unit retreated to a new line, the Nazis grabbed me and threw me into a barn. Soon another seriously wounded Red Army soldier was thrown here. Both of us were bleeding, but we were categorically forbidden to bandage each other. "But they didn't let us drink. After a long, terrible mockery of us, the Nazis brought slop and poured it into a pig feeder. They also let a pig in here; first they brought a pig to the feeder, and then dragged us and forced us to drink with the pig."

    Our fellow countrymen, who had to go through the hellish torments of captivity, also recalled similar mockeries of the fascist monsters. The war crippled their lives, separated them from their loved ones. Hundreds of thousands of former captured Soviet soldiers were severely punished, sent to prisons, camps, and into exile.


    9. Their lives are war-torn


    Ivan Timofeevich Bolmasov was born in 1912 in the village of Sofeevka, Orenburg Region. In 1941 he went to the front, leaving his wife and three children at home. Soon his detachment was surrounded near the city of Staraya Russa and Ivan Timofeevich was captured. In captivity, according to him, they were fed very poorly, the prisoners were beaten, no one could intercede for anyone. There was a cattle slaughterhouse in the camp, next to it there was a pit where waste from dead animals was dumped. The captives, suffering from hunger, risking their lives, sneaked up to this pit, sometimes took rotten waste from there, boiled it and ate it. The guards took the prisoners to work in the warehouses, but strictly ensured that no one took anything. Very rarely, the guards allowed them to take something to eat. After the war, Ivan Timofeevich, like other prisoners, was transferred to the Soviet commandant's office and was sentenced to 6 years. At first he was sent to Dudinka, and then ended up in Podtyosovo, worked on the steamer Molotov. Every month was noted in the commandant's office.

    Prisoners of war were always treated with contempt, as they were declared enemies of the people. As a rule, they were given hard and dirty work. The family of Ivan Timofeevich Bolmasov remained in Orenburg. When he wrote a letter home, he received a terrible answer: the children and his wife refused him as a traitor to the Motherland. This man had to endure terrible torment and suffering. But time heals. In 1949, Ivan Timofeevich got married, he had children, a second family, but he always remembered his older children, dreaming of seeing them someday. And that time has come. After Bolmasov Ivan Timofeevich was rehabilitated, the first wife with her youngest son, who was already 18 years old, came to Podtyosovo for him, but it was too late, since there were also children, a wife, and then grandchildren.

    In Podtyosovo, Ivan Timofeevich worked until retirement at the RSU as a carpenter and digger. Died in 1986.


    10. Front. Captivity. Norway. Siberia


    Lysak Afanasy Artemovich was born in 1923. Before the war, he lived in the Vinnitsa region in the village of Leuki. He went to the front at the age of 18. Together with a friend, burning with a great desire to fight for their native land, they fled to the city of Kharkov, ended up in a rifle unit, where they fought for eight months. In one of the battles, Athanasius was taken prisoner. When the prisoners were led through Ukraine, they threw papers with the names and surnames of where they lived so that they could be released from captivity. The Germans sometimes released prisoners, gave them to the villagers. But there were very few such lucky ones.

    Afanasy Artyomovich, along with other prisoners, was taken to Norway. On the way, they had to experience many difficulties: their clothes were torn, their shoes were broken. I had to use a scarf and cap instead of shoes.

    In Norway, he built a road. If a person fell, could not work, they killed him. Hunger, cold. Once he caught a cold: his whole body was covered with boils, he could not work, but he still had to work. A Pole was watching him. When Afanasy Artyomovich showed the Pole boils, he said: "There is no work" and released him from work. After the cure, Athanasius went out to work. Among the prisoners there were cruel, dishonest people. This is what happened in the prison camp. One of the prisoners ate someone else's ration, saying that Lysak did it. For this, Afanasy was beaten with rubber clubs, although at first they wanted to give him to be torn to pieces by dogs, but the Pole guard took pity on him. Sometimes he even gave him a smoke "bulls".

    The prisoners were fed in turn, and since Athanasius was short and fragile and could not stand up for himself, others, stronger and more arrogant, often ate his portion.

    Lysak A.A. was released. from captivity by the Americans and handed over to the Soviet authorities, he was told that he was going home. But when they passed Ukraine, he asked the conductor why they passed the station he needed, he replied: "None of your business!"

    They went by freight train to Krasnoyarsk, where they were met by employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. All were placed under the supervision of the commandant's office. At first, Afanasy Artyomovich worked on the construction of a hotel, carried boards, bricks, and did all kinds of hard work. Then he got on the ship "Molotov", where he worked as a fireman from 1949 to 1954. Having moved to a settlement in Podtyosovo, he married, worked in the RSU as a digger, and as a worker at a brick factory. I received my passport in 1954. He died in Podtyosovo.

    These are the life stories of soldiers who courageously fought against the Nazis. Their destinies were distorted by the war and the cruelty of the authorities, who declared innocent people "enemies of the people", "traitors to the motherland."

    Thus, we learned that people were captured in different ways. We believe that the government was unfair, or rather, inhuman towards them. After all, the soldiers defended their native land from the Nazi invaders, not sparing themselves. We think: they did not deserve such a terrible fate.

    We must never forget about such people, who turned out to be "guilty without guilt", defending their Motherland, which turned out to be unfair towards them.


    Conclusion


    According to the Yenisei military registration and enlistment office, 110 people were called to the front from Podtesovo, 46 ​​people returned, 64 people died. According to the village military registration table, only 10 war veterans survived.

    From the materials collected by members of the "Search" circle under the guidance of history teacher Ryabchikova S.A., we learned the names of the soldiers who were awarded orders. Here they are:

    Podtyosovtsy - order bearers.

    1. Bazhenov Petr Petrovich.

    2. Borzdo Sergey Iosifovich.

    3. Babkin Nikolay Fedorovich.

    4. Varygin Petr Stepanovich.

    5. Golubev Vasily Yakovlevich.

    6. Gudimov Sergey Alekseevich.

    7. Garbuz Dmitry Vasilievich.

    8. Evdokimov Pavel Alekseevich.

    9. Ermakov Alexander Efimovich

    10. Zadornov Fedor Fomich.

    11. Zyryanov Georgy Vasilievich.

    12. Kochegarov Vladimir Petrovich.

    13. Leibovich Alexander Lazarevich.

    14. Matveev Ivan Egorovich.

    15. Mizenin Valentin Afanasyevich.

    16. Salmonovich Ivan Platonovich.

    17. Sysoev Yakov Sergeevich.

    18. Tolstikov Alexei Ilyich.

    19. Tyurin Timofey Arkadyevich.

    20. Chernikov Grigory Petrovich.

    21. Shadrin Alexander Maksimovich.

    And the list of the dead, according to their information, is as follows: (MEMORY ETERNAL TO THEM!)

    1. Agarychev I.L.

    2. Agarychev N.P.

    3. Atakov G.F.

    4. Aleksandrov P.A.

    5. Bolshakov A.K.

    6. Baturov N.F.

    7. Bryukhanov M.G.

    8. Gostev I.K.

    9. Dobrozhansk B.M.

    10. Dobrozhansky N.N.

    11. I.G.

    12. Efimenko I.I.

    13. Zadisensky I.E.

    14. Ivakhnenko P.E.

    15. Krasnoperov G.P.

    16. Kosyanov G.L.

    17. Kosyanov N.K.

    18. Karpinsky A.K.

    19. Kokovin I.G.

    20. Krakhalev I.P.

    21. Katintsev V.F.

    22. Kokovin E.A.

    23. Koryakin E.V.

    24. Kabak P.P.

    25. Maksimov V.T.

    26. Minenko G.M.

    27. Mikhailova V.M.

    28. Malyshev M.Z.

    29. Nikiforov A.A.

    29. Nelichenko A.F.

    30. Nepomnyashchikh M.L.

    31. Ovechkin A.V.

    32. Ovechkan M.V.

    33. Kasyanov N.K.

    34. Karpinsky A.K.

    35. Turtov I.N.

    36. Turtov K.N.

    37. Potapov V.K.

    38. Ryabchenko I.P.

    39. Sokolov I.G.

    40. Solomatov A.E.

    41. Slostyanov G.F.

    42. Sosnovsky G.S.

    43. Sosnovsky T.S.

    44. Sereda P.A.

    45. Stepanov G.T.

    46. ​​Struev L.M.

    47. Smirnov M.D.

    48. Susekov M.V.

    49. Taskin O.M.

    50. Tyurin I.E.

    51. Fedorov I.M.

    As a result of our research, we came to the following conclusions:

    The victory came at a high price - hundreds of thousands of liberators lie in mass graves.

    The health of all participants in the war was undermined. The fate of prisoners of war is crippled.

    In heavy fierce battles, Soviet soldiers showed mass heroism, steadfastness and courage. A vivid evidence of this is their high awards.

    Home front workers, including children, made a significant contribution to the victory over the enemy.

    Soviet troops defended their native land, their people, and therefore won.

    Undoubtedly, it was very interesting for us to communicate with living participants in the war. Talking about their experiences, they seem to have once again passed the roads of war, again experienced those terrible events. Every time we went to them, we were afraid for their health. In the course of our work, we were faced with the following questions: “Why wasn’t the whole truth about the war told? Why were the true causes of the defeats at the beginning of the war hidden? We wanted to talk to all the veterans, but most of them refused to talk about their front-line life for health reasons. They deserve to be told. After all, their front-line biographies are the living history of our Motherland. It is to them that we owe happiness to live under a peaceful sky. And today there are wars on Earth, people are dying. We believe that it is necessary to fight against war, we need united, active actions of peace-loving forces. Peace! There are only three letters in this word. Three letters, and how much they mean! All our strength, energy, will must be devoted to ensuring that the peoples do not know such gloomy days, such sorrowful hours, such heartbreaking grief. Our duty, the duty of every honest person is to ensure PEACE on the planet at all costs!


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    Tyumentseva Anastasia

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    NO ONE IS FORGOTTEN, NOTHING IS FORGOTTEN.

    Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten

    For all generations and all times.

    The gray hairs of those who lived and the blood of those killed,

    This terrible war has been paid for.

    The river of time inevitably moves away from us, today, the heroic years of the Great Patriotic War. The ranks of veterans marching in parades are thinning. Not often, mainly on the occasion of the Victory Day, television footage copied from old films flashes by. On them, the victorious warriors proudly dump the banners and standards of German fascism into a heap at the foot of the Mausoleum. Gray-haired "girls" in old tunics are crying, looking for their aged "boys" - the heroes of the past war. “This is a holiday with tears in the eyes,” sounds a familiar tune.

    From childhood, it was not clear to me: on Victory Day, should I rejoice or indulge in grief? Undoubtedly, on this day our country glorifies the feat of arms of soldiers, home front workers, all those who fought, survived, worked "for victory", suffered, died and became a hero in 1941-1945. We are proud of the glorious sons and daughters of our country who defeated the Nazis. On Victory Day, we remember and honor their blessed memory. Their faith in justice led to the Victory of 1945. Its price is more than twenty million lives! Behind these figures are living thoughts, living flesh, living human sorrow. "Our cause is just, and we will win." "We will die, but we will not surrender!" This is how the country lived during the war. This was the essence of life, the struggle of the army and the people. This is the origin of our victory over damned fascism.

    German fascism conquered Europe in the late thirties, crossed the borders of our Motherland, "trumpeted" the whole world that it would plant its flags on the towers of the Moscow Kremlin and conquer the whole world. Fascism, the most disgusting evil of the twentieth century, came to our cities, villages and villages with the crackle of drums, the screech of loudspeakers, the roar of bombing, automatic bursts, fire, ashes, death. The further the years of war hardships are from us, the more courage is required to remember the deaths of millions of people in that war.

    Remember! Through the centuries, through the years, -

    Remember!

    About those who will never come again -

    Remember!

    Do not Cry! Keep your moans in your throat

    bitter moans,

    Be worthy of the memory of the fallen!

    Forever worthy!

    People! As long as hearts are beating

    Remember!

    At what price is happiness won, -

    Please remember!

    Carry the dream through the years and

    Fill with life!

    But about those who will never come again -

    We conjure - remember!

    ("Requiem" by R. Rozhdestvensky)

    Fascist terror is disgusting because it persecutes for belonging to a race, that is, for the fact that a person has no power to change, which means that he is doomed to death in advance. How terrible... Inhumane... The Nazis came to our land to kill, enslave people just because they are not "Aryans" - Slavs, gypsies, Jews, dissidents, prisoners of war. Anti-Semitic ideology underlay the program of the National Socialist Party of Germany (NSDAP), adopted in 1920, and substantiated in Hitler's book "My Struggle". After coming to power in 1933, Hitler pursued a policy of state anti-Semitism. With the adoption of the laws "On the Citizens of the Reich" and "Protection of German Blood", fascist Germany embarked on the path of monstrous atrocities. In the middle of the twentieth century, the world learned what the Holocaust was. This page of history was little known to me, and I found out that the Holocaust - in Greek it means "burnt offering" - is a designation for the massacres of Jews during the war years. My heart went cold with horror, the more I "plunged" into this topic. During World War II, the Nazis killed six million Jews. The justification for the genocide was the racial theories of the Nazis. The Jews were declared "anti-race", "subhuman". This catastrophe differs from the rest of the cases of mass killings of people known to history, first of all, not in the number of those killed, but in the villainous intention to destroy all Jews, in the scale of the planning of crimes, in the sophistication of the murders. The symbols of the tragedy of the Jewish people were Babi Yar in Kyiv, Treblinka, Majdanek, Auschwitz. Memories, historical references, military reports remained, films were made (“Schiller's List”, “Heavy Sand”, etc.), amazing books about the Holocaust were written.

    "A book is a small window through which the whole world can be seen." It was through this window that I got acquainted with the materials of Vasily Grossman. His books "Life and Fate", "The Black Book" are not only literary works. They describe the reliable facts of the sinister atrocities of the Nazis. In the essay “The Murder of Jews in Berdichev,” Grossman described a ghetto surrounded by barbed wire and guarded by armed patrols. His mother died in this ghetto. Life in the ghetto is hunger, fear, unbearable living conditions. The SS men regularly held actions, during which, first of all, they destroyed all the disabled - children, the elderly, the sick, pregnant women. One of the prisoners of the Vilnius ghetto described the raid: “The residents of the house go to the shelter through a hole in the wall, then into a damp cellar. Lots of people with knots. We are like animals besieged by hunters. Suddenly, a child starts crying. A moan of despair breaks from all lips. We are gone. A desperate attempt to calm the child came to nothing. They put a pillow over his mouth. The mother of the child is crying. People are scared to death... The Germans are gone. My heart is pounding with joy! I'm alive!" The bitterness of loss, the pain comes through in every line. The essay Treblinka Hell is dedicated to the Treblinka death camp. The overwhelming horror that befell the Jewish people produces a shock that cannot be expressed in words. This is not a story, not an essay, not an article. It's just hell... No wonder "Treblin hell" was used as a document at the Nuremberg trials. Grossman described the behavior of punishers, fascists, the mechanism of killing, thought out to the smallest detail - the “conveyor block”, spoke about the construction of the gas chamber, the poisonous substances used, and the humiliation of Jews. The Germans forced them to wear yellow stripes so that the Jews would be different from the rest of the population, they considered them slaves, subhuman.

    The inhabitants of many ghettos courageously resisted the barbaric actions of the Nazis. Underground workers issued leaflets, prepared the combat-ready part of the population for uprisings. Jews who managed to escape from the ghetto joined the partisan detachments. About half a million Jews were in the army during the Great Patriotic War. 150 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 160,000 Jews who participated in the war were awarded with various military awards. The names of some are widely known (the defender of the Pavlov House in Stalingrad, Idel Hunt, a participant in the battles for Malaya Zemlya, Major Caesar Kunikov, Generals David Dragunsky and Yakov Kreizer, and many others).

    So, with horror and pain, I would close the topic of the Holocaust for myself. But, there was a question that caused anxiety, why "goosebumps ran" and the palms turned cold. Will it all happen again? This? After all, even now people are not always “white and fluffy”. Good and evil often change places. It is known that during the war the attitude of the local population in the territory occupied by the Germans towards the Jews was complex and ambiguous. Many Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians sheltered Jews in their families, helped them, risking their own lives.

    But other facts are also known. Anti-Semitic ideas penetrated the heads of people who were frightened and indifferent to the grief of others. It is known that in Babi Yar Jews were shot by Ukrainian policemen. One of the survivors of the ghetto recalled: “The local population, fearful of possible reprisals from the Germans for harboring Jews, was hostile to us. Now that many years have passed since the end of the war, I dare not condemn them. And do you know why? I'm not sure what I would do in their place." How important it was at that time not to sink, not to succumb to despair. Preserve the human in yourself, resist destruction.

    Dina Rubina, a modern writer, a former compatriot of ours, who now lives in Israel, writes about the same. The collection of her stories, carefully presented by the wise literature teacher Inna Sergeevna, is like a luxurious gift of fate that has put all the dots. The story of Dina Rubina "Adam and Miriam" is about the miraculous rescue of a Jewish girl during the war. Miriam at the age of sixteen ended up in the Grodno ghetto, fell in love with the young man Adam. She did not run away with him, not daring to disobey her mother, fell into the execution pit, miraculously got out of there alive, miraculously did not get to the Germans. Miriam ended up with local residents. Happy deliverance from death led her to ... the grave. Peasants put Miriam there and let her out only at night. The girl began to get sick, her hair fell out, she almost went blind. As a result, unable to withstand the test of their own mercy, tired of him, from endless fear, the owners threw Miriam to the gates of the camp. Faced with a choice, the man in D. Rubina's story turned out to be weak. “You see,” says Miriam, “mercy and fear, kindness and cruelty are not distributed among different people, but coexist in each person.”

    From the world of Miriam, our terrible past, my prosperous world of a Russian schoolgirl was separated by a fragile glass of ignorance, shattered by the words of my peer from the twentieth century. There is no glass, there are no illusions: neither about a person, nor about the possibility of living, pretending that everything is forgotten, forgiven and now beautiful. Rubina restores the connection of times directly in Dante's way: "... therefore, never ask for whom the bell tolls: it tolls for you."

    And now you already feel with your own skin how unbearable it is to see modern people in black clothes, with a swastika, in black berets, in these shoes of theirs. Modern mass culture has given rise to "punks", "goths", "emo", "metalheads", also fancifully dressed. And it becomes not at all funny when the “skinheads” brutally beat, kill the unfortunate people of another nationality, arrange stabbing in the Synagogue. When the monuments to the Russian soldier-liberator are destroyed, the Chechens unleash a war in order to kill "infidels", "non-Muslims", the Georgians arrange genocide against the Ossetians in Tskhinvali.

    It comes to the realization that the murder of a person by a person has regained such strength as during the Second World War. The world of the Holocaust, it turns out, exists, bitterly enough, even now. After all, the Holocaust is not a purely Jewish issue. Genocide, racism, nationalism can affect any nation. Only our memory can stop the resurgent fascism. Learning the lessons of the past is not only the preservation of the memory of the dead, but also one of the conditions for the survival of modern man.

    The great victory parade is over,

    The sea of ​​life has calmed down.

    But they call us and look into the soul

    Heroes of the last century.

    Only the stars of victories over the country went out,

    Fighters die not from wounds - from insults,

    And, probably, we assured in vain,

    That nothing is forgotten and no one is forgotten.

    The years are getting shorter and the days are numbered

    And our poverty is unrequited ...

    Only one life for the heroes of the war,

    Memory alone is immortal.

    Only memory will return the honor and conscience of the Fatherland

    And a tear will fall on cold granite

    And remind to whom we owe our lives,

    And remind of those who are forgotten today.

    And again the soldier's echelon rumbles

    At the junctions of the holy film.

    And again the boys go to the front

    And gray-haired girls cry ...

    "Thirty-fourth" reached the last frontier,

    Fading, alas, the footage of the last war,

    Only the memory is alive, only the memory is not erased

    And the shores of people's sadness are not visible.

    The time of truth will come and tell everything honestly,

    And the country of indifference and laziness will win.

    Maybe only then our grandchildren will prove

    That no one is forgotten...

    The life of any family is inextricably linked with the history of the state. All the events that take place in the country, one way or another, are reflected in the fate of people living at that time. Day after day, hour after hour, we live our way, grow and change, flourish and grow old. Each of us tries to live as time dictates, and often in the daily bustle does not notice how time flies.

    It's been 70 years since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Much has changed since then, but the significance of that Great Victory, the feat that the people accomplished, for the sake of women and children, for the sake of grandchildren and great-grandchildren, that is, for the sake of you and me, will forever remain unchanged. How many people died performing this feat, how much strength and patience was spent so that we, their descendants, live in peace and harmony. Let's carry their names through the centuries so that our children and grandchildren can proudly say the cherished words "No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten".

    Having assumed the post of chairman of the Council of Veterans of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, I asked myself why we keep records of the participants in the Great Patriotic War only from among the university staff, because a large number of students also took an active part in the war of 1941-1945.

    Studying the archive of our university for students from 1942 to 1948 (because in 1941, on the approaches of the Nazis to Moscow, all the documentation of the archive was destroyed by order), I found that two Heroes of the Soviet Union, participants in the Great Patriotic War, were trained at MISI , about the exploits of which I wanted to tell you.

    1944, first-year student of the Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering (HS) MISI Kuzin Ilya Nikolaevich , Hero of the Soviet Union.

    Kuzin Ilya Nikolaevich - was a disabled child, so he was not drafted into the army. Despite this, in August 1941, Kuzin voluntarily joined a sabotage partisan detachment, which was abandoned behind the front line in the Smolensk region, led a group of demolitionists in this detachment.

    Already on the second day after crossing the front line, Kuzin's group blew up several German vehicles. For the first time alone, Kuzin's demolition workers destroyed 6 bridges, about 20 vehicles, several dozen enemy soldiers and officers. In September 1941, Kuzin's group was discovered by the enemy, and the bombers took refuge in a swamp. The cousin, whose leg, which had been sore since childhood, was injured when falling from the roof, was sent across the front line to the hospital. After recovering, Kuzin returned to the detachment. In October 1941, the detachment operated in the Mozhaisk and Volokolamsk regions, blew up an ammunition echelon. During this operation, Kuzin was severely shell-shocked. On November 22, 1941, Kuzin and two comrades blew up a German ammunition and fuel depot. On December 15, 1941, Kuzin's group destroyed three fuel tanks. In total, for six months in the enemy rear, Kuzin participated in about 150 acts of sabotage.

    By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 16, 1942, for "courage and courage shown in the partisan struggle behind enemy lines against the German invaders" Ilya Nikolaevich Kuzin was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for No. 659 .

    1944, (after the Leningrad Military School) third-year student of the Faculty of Industrial and Civil Engineering (PGS) MISI Kolodyazhny Petr Semenovich, Hero of the Soviet Union.

    In April 1942 Kolodyazhny P.S. He was called to serve in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army. He took part in the battles on the Voronezh, Steppe and 2nd Ukrainian fronts. Participated in the battles near Stalingrad and on the Kursk Bulge. By September 1943, senior sergeant Pyotr Kolodyazhny commanded a detachment of the 104th separate battalion of the 5th engineer brigade of the 57th Army of the Steppe Front. Distinguished himself during the battle for the Dnieper.

    On September 26, 1943, senior sergeant Kolodyazhny, with his sapper squad, on boats, began to ferry fighters to the western bank of the Dnieper near the village of Soshinovka, Verkhnedneprovsky district, Dnepropetrovsk region of Ukraine. Covered the landing.

    For four days with a small group he was on the Dnieper island, taking fire on himself and diverting the attention of the enemy from the crossing.

    By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 22, 1944, for "exemplary performance of the combat mission of the command in the fight against the German invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time," Senior Sergeant Pyotr Kolodyazhny was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal » for No. 3223.

    Let's remember them by name

    Let's remember with our hearts

    This is needed - not the dead!

    This is necessary - alive!

    Chairman

    Council of Veterans of MGSU

    Theme: No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten

    Form: educational hour

    Objectives: to educate through poems and songs a sense of patriotism, pride in their country; formation of the image of a true patriot and defender of the Motherland; enrich the emotional world of children with moral experiences and form moral feelings; to give children a sense of the greatness of the spirit of the people of the military generation, their faith in the triumph of justice on Earth; correction of the emotional-volitional sphere in the correct emotional response to the events that took place during the war years.

    Design: posters “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten”, “The world is bequeathed to us”, computer, slides, chronicle films about the Great Patriotic War, soundtracks of musical works of the war years.

      The song sounds « Cranes » (music by J. Frenkel, lyrics by R. Gazmatov)

    Against the background of music, the words of the presenter sound:

    War - in short, there is no word.

    War - there is no sadder word.

    There is no word brighter than war.

    In the anguish and glory of these years,

    And on our lips is different

    It can't be and isn't.

    A. Tvardovsky

    Every year in these May days, all our people remember the terrible years of the war, honor the memory of the heroes, bow to the living. Although a lot of time has passed since the day of the great victory, time has no power over the memory of people of different generations. Our educational hour is dedicated to the heroism of people during the Great Patriotic War.

    War was sacred. In that

    Not even he doubts

    Who, having arrived from another planet,

    Earth will read history.

    Read about how under the moon

    The country of retribution was waiting.

    War is sacred if Zoya

    Without flinching, she walked to the gallows,

    War is sacred. and Matrosov

    With all my heart I lay down on the machine gun.

    Oh, how many fair-haired and snub-nosed

    In the name of life, death will take.

    They will go to the damp earth,

    In the dawn, in the grass. In the green

    Until death, believing, listening

    All your righteousness. Moscow!

    The song soundsHoly war ».

    Every day during the Great Patriotic War, both at the front and in the rear, was a feat, a manifestation of the boundless courage and resilience of people, loyalty to their homeland. More than 20 million Soviet people died in that terrible war - every eighth inhabitant of our country.

    I was killed near Rzhev,

    In the nameless swamp

    In the fifth company

    With a violent raid,

    I didn't hear the break

    I didn't see that flash

    Precisely the abyss from the cliff

    And not a bottom or a tire. (A. Tvardovsky)

    Watching a film about the Great Patriotic War .

    In the harsh days of the war, children also stood up next to the adults. Schoolchildren earned money for the defense fund, collected warm clothes for front-line soldiers, worked at military factories, were on duty on rooftops during air raids, and gave concerts in front of the wounded in hospitals.

    Tanker's Tale

    It was a difficult fight.

    Everything is now like a dream,

    What's his name, I forgot to ask.

    Ten or twelve years. Bedovy.

    Of those that are the leaders of children.

    Of those in the front-line towns

    We are welcomed as dear guests,

    The car is surrounded in parking lots,

    Carrying them water in buckets is not work,

    They bring soap with a towel to the tank

    And unripe plums stick ...

    There was a fight outside.

    The fire of the enemy was terrible,

    We broke through to the square forward.

    And he nails - do not look out of the towers,

    And the devil will understand where he hits,

    Here, guess what house

    He perched - so many holes,

    And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:

    Comrade Commander, Comrade Commander!

    I know where their guns are. I unraveled...

    I crawled, they are over there. In the garden…

    Yes, where is it? - Let me go

    On the tank with you. I'll take it straight...

    It was a difficult fight.

    Everything is now like a dream,

    And I just can't forgive myself

    Of the thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,

    What's his name, I forgot to ask. (A Tvardovsky)

    In the difficult years of the war, poems and songs heard at the front in the intervals between battles gave strength to the fighters. They brightened up separation from relatives and people close to them. For a short time they were forced to forget that there was a war going on.

    Only a fighter took a three-row.

    It's immediately obvious that he's an accordion player.

    To start, in order

    He threw his fingers up and down.

    Forgotten village

    Suddenly he started, closing his eyes,

    Sides of the native Smolensk

    A sad memorial.

    And from that old harmonica,

    Who was left an orphan

    Somehow it suddenly got warmer

    On the front road. (A. Tvardovsky)

    Many poems and songs were composed at the front. Ditties were also composed.

    The evil enemy started a war.

    We won't spare him.

    Both at sea and on land

    We will break and destroy.

    Our tanks are rushing into battle,

    The earth trembles.

    Let the fascists not burrow

    To the collective farm fields.

    The mother saw off the son

    And gave this order:

    "take care of your country

    How I took care of you.

    Drizzling slanting rains

    In Berlin on the way.

    Better than Mother Russia

    There is no end to the world.

    During the Great Patriotic War, our army took part in gigantic battles and carried out about 40 offensive operations. The largest battles of the Great Patriotic War: the battle of Moscow (September 30, 1941-April 20, 1942), the blockade of Leningrad (September 8, 1941 - January 27, 1944), the Rzhev battle (January 8 - March 31, 1943), the Battle of Stalingrad (17 July 1942 - February 2, 1943), the battle for the Caucasus (July 25, 1942 - October 9, 1943), the Battle of Kursk ((July 5 - August 23, 1943), the battle for the Right-Bank Ukraine (December 24, 1943 - April 17, 1944). Belarusian operation (June 23 - August 29, 1944), Vistula-Oder operation (January 12 - February 3, 1945), battle for Berlin (April 16 - May 8, 1945).

    Let's bow to those great years,

    To those glorious commanders and fighters,

    And marshals of the country and privates,

    Let's worship both the dead and the living.

    To all those who must not be forgotten,

    Let's bow, bow friends.

    All over the world, all peoples,

    all over the earth

    Bow down for that great fight. (M. Lvov)

    A moment of silence.

    The song soundsVictory Day" (music by D. Tukhmanov, lyrics by V. Kharitonov). Against the background of music, the words of the presenter: and now it has come, it is the long-awaited Victory Day! People have been waiting for this holiday for one thousand four hundred and eighty days.

    And before you celebrate the feast

    Victory day, tenth anniversary day,

    Friend, let's make three bows.

    Our first bow, earthly and long,

    In complete silence, without the singing of brass, -

    For those who sleep from the Elbe to the Volga,

    Paving the hard way to victory.

    The second bow - alive and sweet

    To all fellow citizens, throughout Russia.

    And her Armed Forces,

    And the labor and peasant forces,

    And our third and last bow -

    Our bloom, youth.

    Young defenders of the Victory,

    Be like your fathers! (O. Bergolts)

    III. Watching the film - chronicles, the Victory Parade of 1945.



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