The image of Savely, the Holy Russian hero in the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'” - Any essay on the topic

Saveliy - Holy Russian hero (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

One of the main characters of Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'" - Savely - the reader will recognize when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet draws a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a big beard

Grandpa looked like a bear

Especially, as from the forest,

Bending down, he left.

Savely's life turned out to be very difficult, fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived in the family of his son, father-in-law Matryona Timofeevna. It is noteworthy that grandfather Saveliy does not like his family. Obviously, all household members do not have the best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his native family, Saveliy is called "branded, hard labor." And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave! ..”.

What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Saveliy is different both from his son and from all relatives. He eschews his household, apparently, he is disgusted by pettiness, envy, malice, characteristic of his relatives. Old Saveliy is the only one in her husband's family who was kind to Matryona.

In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength, no one could compete with him. In addition, life used to be different, the peasants were not burdened with the hardest duty to pay dues and work off corvée.

Savely is a proud man. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he recalls how only weak-minded people surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:

Excellently fought Shalashnikov,

And not so hot great

Earned income:

Weak people gave up

And the strong for the patrimony

They stood well.

I also endured

He hesitated, thinking:

"Whatever you do, son of a dog,

And you won't knock out your whole soul,

Leave something!

Savely's young years passed in an atmosphere of freedom. Gradually, he got into the confidence of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which it was easy to get to their godforsaken place.

And then came the hardship

Korean peasant -

Ruined to the bone!

The free life was over, now the peasants fully felt all the hardships of a servile existence. Old man Saveliy speaks of people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such mockery of themselves, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.

And so we endured

That we are rich.

In that Russian heroism.

Do you think, Matryonushka,

The man is not a hero?

Old man Savely tells how for eighteen years the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager. Their whole life was now in the power of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And every time the manager was dissatisfied with the results of the work, he demanded more. Constant bullying by the Germans causes the strongest indignation in the soul of the peasants. And once another portion of bullying made people commit a crime. They kill the German manager.

The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was not easy. He spent twenty years in captivity, only closer to old age he was free. This case once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a toy in the hands of fate.

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, N. A. Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. All her life, Matrena Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage.

Someone else's side

Not sprinkled with sugar

Not watered with honey!

It's cold there, it's hungry there

There is a well-groomed daughter

Violent winds will blow,

Shaggy dogs bark,

And people will laugh!

In these lines, the sadness of a mother is clearly read, who perfectly understands all the hardships of life that will fall to the lot of her married daughter. In a strange family, no one will show interest in her, and the husband himself will never intercede for his wife.

Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were not easy, Matryona had to work hard in the new family, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then there is a baby in her arms. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there’s the trouble - the police, the doctor and the camp officer come to the village, they accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body. But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work.

Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense. Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

Shepherd of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

About to punish!

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For his boundless love for his children, for his willingness to sacrifice himself for the sake of others.

Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

The life of Matryona Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

"People's Defender" Grisha Dobrosklonov (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Who should live well in Rus'")

Grisha Dobrosklonov is fundamentally different from other characters in the poem. If the life of the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna, Yakim Nagogoy, Saveliy, Yermila Girin and many others is shown in submission to fate and the prevailing circumstances, then Grisha has a completely different attitude to life. The poem shows Grisha's childhood, tells about his father and mother. His life was more than hard, his father was lazy and poor:

Poorer than seedy

the last peasant

Trifon lived. Two chambers:

One with a smoking stove

The other is a sazhen - summer,

And all here is short-lived;

No cows, no horses...

Grisha's mother died early, she was ruined by constant sorrows and worries about daily bread.

Gregory does not agree to submit to fate and lead the same sad and miserable life that is characteristic of most people around him. Grisha chooses a different path for himself, becomes a people's intercessor. He is not afraid that his life will not be easy:

Fate prepared for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

people's protector,

Consumption and Siberia.

From childhood, Grisha lived among poor, unfortunate, despised and helpless people. He absorbed all the troubles of the people with his mother's milk, therefore he does not want and cannot live for the sake of his selfish interests. He is very smart and has a strong character. And he raises himself to a new level, does not allow to remain indifferent to national disasters. Grigory's reflections on the fate of the people testify to the liveliest compassion that makes Grisha choose such a difficult path for himself.

In the soul of Grisha Dobrosklonov, confidence is gradually growing that his homeland will not perish, despite all the suffering and sorrows that have befallen her lot:

In moments of despondency, O Motherland!

I am thinking ahead.

You are destined to suffer a lot,

But you won't die, I know.

Gregory's reflections, which "were poured out in song," betray in him a very literate and educated person. He is well aware of the political problems of Russia, and the fate of the common people is inseparable from these problems and difficulties. Historically, Russia "was a deeply unhappy country, repressed, slavishly without justice." The shameful stamp of serfdom has turned the common people into powerless creatures, and all the problems caused by this cannot be discounted. The consequences of the Tatar-Mongol yoke also had a significant impact on the formation of the national character. Russian man combines slavish obedience to fate, and this is the main cause of all his troubles.

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov is closely connected with the revolutionary democratic ideas that began to appear in society in the middle of the 19th century. Nekrasov created his hero, focusing on the fate of N. A. Dobrolyubov. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a type of revolutionary raznochinets.

He was born into the family of a poor deacon, from childhood he felt all the disasters that are characteristic of the life of ordinary people.

Grigory received an education, and besides, being an intelligent and enthusiastic person, he cannot remain indifferent to the situation in the country. Grigory is well aware that now there is only one way out for Russia - radical changes in the social system. The common people can no longer be the same dumb community of slaves that meekly endures all the antics of their masters:

Enough! Finished with the last calculation,

Done with sir!

The Russian people gather with strength

And learn to be a citizen.

The end of the poem shows that people's happiness is possible. And even if it is still far from the moment when a simple person can call himself happy. But time will pass and everything will change. And far from the last role in this will be played by Grigory Dobrosklonov and his ideas.

The problem of people's happiness in Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Rus'"

The poem "To whom it is good to live in Rus'" completes the work of Nekrasov. He wrote it in the seventies, death prevented him from finishing the poem.

And already in the first stanza of the "Prologue" the main problem of the poem is posed - the problem of people's happiness. Seven peasants from Zaplatov, Neyelov, Dyryavin, Znobishin and other villages (whose names speak for themselves) started a dispute about whether happiness is possible for ordinary peasant people? They express their assumptions and come to the conclusion that a landowner, an official, a priest, a minister of sovereigns and a tsar can be happy in Rus'. But none of the wanderers imagines either a peasant, or a soldier, or an artisan as a possible lucky person. And it is no coincidence that Nekrasov's wanderers do not mention the happiness of the "liberated peasant." Let us recall how Nekrasov himself spoke of the reform of 1861: “The people are liberated, but are the people happy?”

Peasants stubbornly want to find a “lucky man” in Rus' and are looking for the truth about independent happiness, envying a free-flying chick: “But you, dear bird, are stronger than a peasant.” Despite the fact that they are full of worries and troubles, they do not complain about their fate and are unpretentious in their desires: they would only have “bread, yes cucumbers, and a jar of cold kvass.”

In addition to wanderers seeking happiness, the poem introduces us to other prominent representatives of the common people. One of them is Yakim Nagoi, for whom happiness lies in working, merging with mother earth, and getting a decent harvest. On the example of how Yakim saves expensive pictures during a fire, and his wife saves icons, we see how spiritual values ​​are more expensive for ordinary people than material well-being, which Yakim completely forgot about. Another man who knows the price of both happiness and misfortune is the former miller Yermil Girin. This man has everything he needs to be happy, living according to the laws of the people's truth. He does not accept a life built on self-interest and lies, he fights for goodness and truth. His happiness lies in the happiness of the peasants, in the trust of the people, which is interpreted as a miracle.

In the chapter "Happy" wanderers walk in a festive crowd of people and look for the happy ones, promising to give them vodka. A variety of people come up to them: and a deacon, for whom happiness lies in faith, in “complacency”; and an old woman, happy that she had a harvest of turnips; and a soldier who survived dangerous battles, hunger and wounds. Approach the wanderers and a stonemason, and a courtyard man, and the poor, and the beggars, who interpret happiness in their own way and in most cases are cunning in order to get vodka. Happiness in the poem is spoken not only by people from the lower classes, but also by those who lived richly, but for some reason went bankrupt and knew need and trouble: landowners, officials and others. It is in this chapter that a turn takes place in the plot of the poem: the wanderers go to look for a happy person in the people, in the crowd.

According to the people, another happy one is Matrena Timofeevna. This simple Russian woman endured many trials, but did not break, she survived. This is her happiness. Matrena Timofeevna is a woman of great mind and heart, selfless, strong-willed and resolute. But Matrena Timofeevna herself does not consider herself happy. She explains this by the fact that Russian women, even in the post-reform era, remained oppressed and deprived of rights:

Keys to female happiness

From our will

abandoned, lost

God himself!

Yes, they are unlikely to be found ...

But, perhaps, the most important voice praising the happiness of the people is the voice of Grisha Dobrosklonov. From his songs it is clear that happiness can be achieved only by honest and righteous work, by struggle. Already the first of Grisha's songs gives an answer to the question posed in the title of the poem:

The share of the people

his happiness,

Light and freedom

First of all.

Grisha himself is the son of a deacon and a laborer, he, along with his brother, experienced hunger and poverty from his own experience and survived thanks to the kindness of the people. Grisha managed to keep the love that filled his heart and determined his path.

So, by his own example, Grisha calls on all wanderers and the rest of the people to live according to their conscience, work honestly and fight for their happiness at all costs.

Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero, and Matryona Timofeevna, the embodiment of the author’s dream of the spiritual powers of the people (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Rus'”)

In the poem “Who should live well in Rus'”, Nekrasov is looking for an answer to a question that has long been of concern to mankind. The work presents the happiness of a priest, a landowner, and local people.

But most often Nekrasov thinks about the happiness of the people and dreams that sooner or later the people will perk up and gather strength to actively fight against the existing system for their freedom and a decent life.

The images of the peasants presented in the poem confirm the writer's hopes and meet his aspirations. And one of the main figures of the poem, who stands out for his extraordinary physical strength and spiritual power, is Savely, the Holy Russian hero:

It's a sin to keep silent about grandfather,

The lucky one was also ... -

This is what Matrena Timofeevna says about Savely.

We learn about Savelia from the chapter “Peasant Woman”, which says that this peasant grew up in a remote area near the Korez River. The very name - the Korezsky region - attracted the writer as a symbol of hardy labor and a powerful people with great strength, a prominent representative of which is Saveliy. The word “mangle” means “to bend”, “break”, “to work”, and therefore Korezhin is a land of stubborn and hardworking people.

The appearance of Saveliy personifies the mighty forest element: “With a huge gray mane, not cut for tea since twenty years, with a huge beard, grandfather looked like a bear ...”

Nekrasov shows the difficult path that Savely's rebellious moods grew from silent patience to open resistance. Prison and Siberian penal servitude did not break Savely and did not destroy his self-esteem. “Branded, but not a slave,” he says of himself. He passed all the tests that fell to his lot, but at the same time he was able to save himself. Savely treats the resigned fellow villagers with contempt and calls for a mass action for the final reprisal against the oppressors, but his thoughts are not without contradictions. It is no coincidence that he is compared with Svyatogor, the strongest, but also the most motionless hero of the epic epic. At the same time, the image of Savely is very contradictory. On the one hand, he called for struggle, on the other hand, for patience:

Be patient, you bastard!

Be patient, long-suffering!

We can't find the truth!

Savely advises Matryona Timofeevna. These words sound despair, hopelessness, disbelief in the possibility of changing the bitter fate of the peasant. In the image of Matrena Timofeevna, Nekrasov embodied the best character traits of Russian peasant women. The high moral qualities of Matryona are harmoniously combined with her external beauty.

With her restrained and strict beauty, full of self-esteem, Matryona represents the type of majestic Slav woman, revealed by Nekrasov in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". The history of her life confirms that the character of Matryona was formed in the conditions of seasonal fishing, when most of the male population went to the cities. On the shoulders of a woman lay not only the whole burden of peasant labor, but also a huge measure of responsibility for the fate of the family, for the upbringing of children.

From the chapter "Before marriage" we learn about the youth of Matryona, and from the chapter "Songs" - about the difficult fate of the heroine after marriage. Matryona's songs are nationwide, so her personal fate reflects the typical fate of a peasant woman, ceasing to be her own. Short joys were replaced by frequent and severe misfortunes that could break even a strong person. But Matryona persevered and found the spiritual and physical strength in herself to fight for her happiness. The dearly beloved first-born Demushka dies, she saves her second son Fedotushka from terrible punishment at the cost of severe trials, she had to put a lot of effort to achieve the release of her husband - and we see that no obstacles stop her, for her happiness she is ready to fight on her own to the last . The image of Matryona Timofeevna was created in such a way that she, as it were, went through all the ups and downs that a Russian woman could go through. The voice of Matrena Timofeevna is the voice of the entire Russian people, of all Russian women who had the same difficult fate.

Images of the poor peasantry in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov (Travelers, Ermil Girin, Yakim Nagoi)

The theme of the peasantry, the common people, is characteristic of the progressive Russian literature of the 19th century. We encounter wonderful images of peasants in the works of Radishchev, Pushkin, Turgenev, Gogol and other classics.

In working on his fundamental poem, Nekrasov also relies on his own poetic experience. After all, the peasant theme occupies a huge place in his work.

Already in his first poems, the poet acts as a denouncer of the despotism of the landlords and a defender of the disenfranchised and disadvantaged people.

Despite the fact that Nekrasov wrote the poem after the reform of 1861, it contains moods characteristic of the era of serfdom. Nekrasov does not deprive the poem of new rebellious motifs: his peasants are far from meek and humble “peasants,” in their images the poet typified protesting-active features and conveyed the inexhaustible possibilities of internal struggle, ready to break out at any moment. At the same time, Nekrasov's peasants are characterized by such qualities as spiritual kindness, honesty, justice, love of nature and a general lyrical perception of life.

Already in the "Prologue" we get acquainted with peasant peasants who have gathered from different villages (whose names speak for themselves) in order to go on a long and difficult journey in search of people's happiness.

Despite the troubles, hunger and poverty, the peasants are full of strength, optimism and are romantically disposed to find people who “have a fun, free life in Rus'”, satisfied with their lives. After all, the Russian peasant is stubborn and stubborn in achieving his goal, especially "bliss", dreams, in search of truth and beauty.

In the chapter "Drunk Night" the image of Yakim Nagogo appears in all its glory - the bearer of the characteristic features of the working peasantry. He appears before the reader as the son of the mother of the damp earth, as a symbol of the labor foundations of peasant life. This is also emphasized by his portrait characteristics: “The chest is sunken, like a depressed stomach”, “bends near the eyes, near the mouth, like cracks in the dry earth”, “the neck is brown, like a layer, cut off by a plow”, “the hand is a tree bark, and the hair - sand". And his death will be like the earth:

And death will come to Yakimushka -

Like a clod of earth will fall off,

What is dried up on the plow ...

In the fate of Yakim, we see the woeful fate of the oppressed peasant masses: for decades he has been walking for a plow, "roasting on a strip under the sun, under a harrow he escapes from frequent rain ...". He works to the point of exhaustion, but is still poor and naked.

Yakim does not look like a downtrodden and dark peasant, he appears as an ambitious peasant, an active fighter and defender of peasant interests. In addition, Nekrasov demonstrates the broad and noble soul of his hero: during a fire, he saves his favorite pictures, and his wife saves icons, completely forgetting about the monetary wealth accumulated throughout his life.

Another bright peasant image presented by Nekrasov in the poem is the image of Yermila Girin.

Yermil, like Yakim, is endowed with a sharp sense of Christian conscience and honor. This hero of the poem is similar to a mythological hero, even his mythological name is Yermilo. The story about him begins with a description of the hero's lawsuit with the merchant Altynnikov over an orphan's mill. When at the end of the auction it turned out “the case is rubbish”, Yermil turned to the people for support and was not mistaken - the people helped to raise money and buy the mill. With his whole life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It seemed that he had everything he needed: peace of mind, money, and honor. But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this "happiness" for the sake of the people's truth and ends up in prison. But he is happy because he gave his life to serve the downtrodden peasants Yermil Girin has everything he needs to be happy, living according to the laws of the people's truth. He does not accept a life built on self-interest and lies, he fights for goodness and truth. His happiness is in the happiness of the peasants:

Yes! there was only one man!

He had everything he needed

For happiness: and peace,

And money and honor

Honor enviable, true.

Not bought by money

Not fear: strict truth,

Mind and kindness!

With what hero does the author of the poem “Who lives well in Rus'” connect his hopes for the future?

The theme of the people, their suffering, ways out of this situation became the leading theme in the work of N. A. Nekrasov. The author's hopes for a happy deliverance of the people from a difficult fate are connected with Grigory Dobrosklonov. His image stands apart from all other people from the people - the characters of the poem. Nekrasov speaks with deep understanding and sympathy about the fate of the poor peasants, about the fate of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero, about the fate of Matryona Timofeevna. But the lines that tell about Grisha Dobrosklonov are especially sympathetic.

The childhood of Gregory is not much different from the childhood of many representatives of the poor class. His family is poor, his father is lazy - his interests are focused only on deep drinking, and not at all on the well-being of his wife and children.

Gregory's mother died early, unable to bear the brunt of the trials that befell her. From a young age, Gregory did not think about his well-being and comfort, he was worried about the fate of the people. And he is not afraid to sacrifice his own life, just to become useful to people. From childhood, Gregory's life passed among the poorest and most unfortunate people. The drunkenness of his father, like many others, in principle, was the result of this hopelessness. The poor man could not do anything for himself and his loved ones, therefore, he often lost his last confidence in himself and his strength, and, in order to forget about his bitter fate, plunged into a state of unrestrained drunkenness.

Gregory has a remarkable mind, he could direct all his strength to create his own well-being. But selfish interests are alien to Dobrosklonov. He thinks least of all about himself, considering it impossible to build his happiness when life is so hard around him. In the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World”, a song is heard about two roads (“One is spacious, the road is torn”, “The other is a narrow road, honest”), from which Grisha had to choose one. And he chose:

Enticed Grisha narrow,

Winding path…

They walk on it

Only strong souls

loving,

To fight, to work.

For the bypassed

For the oppressed...

Grigory Dobrosklonov is the bearer of revolutionary ideas. Dobrosklonov's ideas will gradually help change the minds of ordinary people, awaken in them the desire to fight for their own happiness and well-being. Gregory is not afraid of the difficulties and dangers that will inevitably fall to his lot. He himself will never become happy in the sense that is characteristic of most people. In his life there will be no peace, comfortable and prosperous existence. But Gregory is not afraid of this, he does not understand how you can take care of yourself when there are so many disasters and misfortunes nearby:

Gregory already knew for sure

What will live for happiness

Wretched and dark

native corner.

He is not like any character in the poem, his way of thinking surprises and delights the reader. Gregory himself seems to be a completely unique person, possessing an extraordinary mind and talent, knowing all the disasters and difficulties of people firsthand. He sees in the people a force capable of carrying out the reorganization of the world:

Rat rises -

Innumerable!

The strength will affect her

Invincible!

The poet draws the image of such an amazing and wonderful person to show that changes in the country are possible. And even though now the men have gone through the hard way in vain - they did not manage to find a happy person among ordinary people:

To be our wanderers under the native roof. If only they could know what happened to Grisha. But very little time will pass, and their fate will change. And the reader clearly feels the author's hope for the best:

He heard immense strength in his chest,

Gracious sounds delighted his ears,

Radiant sounds of the noble hymn -

He sang the embodiment of the happiness of the people! ..

Features of Nekrasov's love lyrics ("Panaevsky Cycle")

Nekrasov does not and cannot have poems without the “boiling of human blood and tears” that he encounters everywhere.

This is true, but it cannot be denied that Nekrasov's love lyrics open the poet from a new, unexpected, or rather, unusual side for the reader. Nekrasov, like every poet, has such verses in which all the most secret, most personal finds expression. This is written either “in a difficult moment of life”, or at a moment of supreme happiness - this is where the poet’s soul is revealed, where you can see another secret - love.

Restless heart beats

Eyes blurred.

A sultry breath of passion

It came down like a thunderstorm.

In Nekrasov, love appears in a complex interweaving of the beautiful, the sublime and the mundane. No wonder that his love lyrics are often compared with Pushkin's. But in Pushkin, the heroine is an object of lyrical feelings, exists as a kind of beautiful ideal, devoid of specific features, but in Nekrasov, the “lyrical heroine” is the “second face” of the poem, she always exists next to the hero - in his memoirs, in his dialogues with her - not just as an ideal, but as a living image.

This is especially noticeable in the elegy “Ah! what exile, imprisonment! ”, Referring to the so-called“ Panaevsky ”cycle, inspired by the memories of Nekrasov’s love for A. Ya. Panaeva. A contradictory and at the same time bright feeling is conveyed here: “jealous sadness” and the desire for happiness for the beloved woman, confidence in unquenchable mutual love and a sober consciousness of the impossibility of returning the departed happiness are intertwined in it.

Who will tell me? .. I am silent, I hide

my jealous sadness

And I wish her so much happiness

So that the past is not a pity!

She will come ... and, as always, bashful,

Impatient and proud

He lowers his eyes silently.

Then... What shall I say then?...

In this poem, the author paints a picture of the life lived by the heroes together, where they shared with each other both moments of happiness and a harsh fate. Thus, the poem is viewed from a double perspective - not one, but two destinies, two characters, two emotional worlds.

So, in the poem "Zina" a sick person appears before the eyes of the reader. He can no longer hold back the groans, he is tormented by pain, and this pain continues endlessly. And next to him is a loving woman. She has the hardest time of all, because it is better to suffer herself than to see how the closest and dearest person suffers, and to realize that nothing can help him, there is no way to save him from this terrible pain and torment. Moved by love and compassion, she does not close her eyes for "two hundred days, two hundred nights." And the hero no longer hears his moans, but how they echo in the heart of the woman he loves:

Night and day

In your heart

My moans respond.

And yet this darkness is not terrible, even death and illness are not terrible, since such pure, bright and sacrificial love unites people.

Another masterpiece of Nekrasov's love lyrics - "I do not like your irony" - can be simultaneously attributed not only to love, but also to intellectual lyrics. The hero and the heroine are cultured people, in their relationship there is not only love, but also irony and, most importantly, a high level of self-consciousness. They both know, understand the fate of their love and are sad in advance.

The intimate situation reproduced by Nekrasov and the possible ways of resolving it are reminiscent of the relationship between the heroes of Chernyshevsky's "What is to be done?".

In Nekrasov's love lyrics, love and suffering are closely intertwined, and joy and happiness are interspersed with tears, despair, and jealousy. These feelings are understandable at all times, and the poems excite and make you empathize even today. Attempts to analyze their feelings resonate in the hearts of readers, and even the painful jealousy and pain from separation from their love, which the lyrical hero experiences, makes him believe in the light of love.

“Who should live well in Rus'”: how did Nekrasov answer this question?

The epic poem “To whom it is good to live in Rus'” is a kind of final work in the work of N. A. Nekrasov. The poem is indicative of the extreme breadth of comprehension of contemporary Russian reality.

The contradiction between the peasant world and the landowners, lawlessness, the arbitrariness of the authorities, the extremely low standard of living of the people, the oppression of their culture - all this prompted the poet to difficult reflections on the fate of Russia.

Peasant life is hard, and the poet, not sparing colors, shows rudeness, prejudice, drunkenness in peasant life. The position of the people is depicted by the names of the places where the wanderers come from: Terpigorev district, Pustoporozhnaya volost, the villages of Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, Znobishino, Neyolovo ...

Perhaps, among well-fed gentlemen, there is human happiness. And the first person they met was a minister of the church. To the question of the peasants, what is happiness, he answered:

What is happiness, in your opinion?

Peace, wealth, honor -

Isn't that right, dear ones?

But the priest was not really happy, realizing that too often, not giving the common people rest, the church is a burden for them.

Maybe the “lucky ones” will be a landowner or an official, a merchant or a noble boyar, a minister, or at least a tsar?

But no, the men understand that happiness has not only a material side. And wanderers are already looking for the happy among the people.

In the chapter “Happy”, one after another, the call comes from the peasants, whom the whole “crowded square” listens to - all the people are already looking for the “happy one”.

Popular rumor leads wanderers to Matryona Timofeevna - the heroine of the poem, embodying the fate of all Russian women, the best qualities of a female character:

stubborn woman,

Wide and dense

Thirty eight years old

Beautiful, gray hair,

The eyes are large, stern,

Eyelashes are the richest

Stern and swarthy...

Telling travelers about her hard life, about the severity of serfdom, Matrena Timofeevna comes to the conclusion that no, she is unhappy...

Later, wanderers meet Yakim Nagogoi, a man of strong peasant character, who appears before the reader in the form of the son of mother earth:

Chest sunken as if depressed

Belly, at the eyes, at the mouth

Bends like cracks

On dry ground

And myself to mother earth

He looks like...

In the life of this man, at one time, a story happened that proved that for him money in life is not the main thing. During the fire, he does not save his savings, but the pictures that he bought for his son. So, happiness was in them, or rather, in love for their child, their family.

Ermil Girin, one of the wanderers he met on the way, was also happy, but in his own way. He had money, and honor, and peace of mind. But he sacrificed everything for the sake of the truth, and he was put in jail.

The author supports the peasants who are not reconciled with their existence. The poet is close not to the meek and submissive, but to the brave and strong, such as, for example, Savely, the “Holy Russian hero”, whose life speaks of the awakening consciousness of the peasants, of the protest of the peasant people against centuries of oppression. Thus, as the plot develops in the poem, a detailed answer to the question of happiness is created. Happiness is both peace, and will, and prosperity, and freedom, and self-esteem - happiness has many faces.

This idea is imbued with the whole life of another, one might even say, the main character of the poem - Grigory Dobrosklonov. Grisha is perhaps the happiest person the wanderers have met. He is still young, but he already dreams of national happiness, a fighter for justice is maturing in him, and he knows that his life in this field will be very difficult.

There is a lot of melancholy and sadness in the poem, a lot of human suffering and grief. But the result of the search for wanderers and the author along with them is encouraging - in order to be happy, one must be able to understand not only one's own life, but also the life of other people. Nekrasov calls truly happy people those who give their lives to serve the people, their happiness, their future.

Love lyrics by N. A. Nekrasov

Nekrasov is the successor of Pushkin's line in Russian poetry, mostly realistic. In Nekrasov's lyrics there is a lyrical hero, but his unity is determined not by the range of topics and ideas associated with a certain type of personality, like Lermontov, but by the general principles of attitude to reality.

And here Nekrasov acts as an outstanding innovator, who significantly enriched Russian lyric poetry, expanding the horizons of reality, embraced by the lyrical image. The subject matter of Nekrasov's lyrics is varied. One thing remains unchanged for him in comparison with his predecessors: the theme of love.

The undoubted masterpiece of Nekrasov's love lyrics is the poem "I do not like your irony" (the poem is addressed to K. Ya. Panaeva, Nekrasov's beloved).

This is an example of intellectual poetry, the hero and heroine are cultured people, there is irony and, most importantly, a high level of self-awareness in their relationship. They know, understand the fate of their love and are sad in advance. The intimate situation reproduced by Nekrasov and the possible ways of resolving it are reminiscent of the relationship between the heroes of Chernyshevsky's "What is to be done?".

I don't like your irony.

Leave her obsolete and not alive

And you and I, who loved so dearly ...

Nekrasov seemed to have taken a vacation in the struggle for "people's happiness" and stopped to reflect on the fate of his own love, his own happiness.

The fierce singer of grief and suffering completely transformed, became surprisingly gentle, soft, and gentle, as soon as it came to women and children.

While still shy and gentle

Do you want to extend the date?

While still seething in me rebelliously

Jealous worries and dreams -

Do not rush the inevitable denouement!

These lines do not seem to belong to Nekrasov. So Tyutchev or Fet could write. However, here Nekrasov is not an imitator. These poets have surpassed various skills in the knowledge of their inner life, the nature of love. Their inner life was their battlefield, while Nekrasov, in comparison with them, looks like an inexperienced young man. He is used to solving problems unequivocally. Having dedicated the lyre to his people, he knew where he was going, what he wanted to say, and he knew that he was right. He is also categorical in relation to himself, to his loved ones. In love, he is the same maximalist as in the arena of political struggle.

Nekrasov's lyrics arose on the fertile soil of the passions that owned him, and the sincere consciousness of his moral imperfection. To a certain extent, it was his “guilts” that saved the living soul in Nekrasov, about which he often spoke, referring to the portraits of friends who “reproachfully from the walls” looked at him. His moral shortcomings gave him a living and immediate source of impulsive love and a thirst for purification. The strength of Nekrasov's appeals is psychologically explained by what he did in moments of sincere repentance. Who forced him to speak with such force about his moral falls, why did he have to expose himself from a disadvantageous side? But obviously it was stronger than him. The poet felt that repentance evokes the best feelings of his soul, and surrendered himself entirely to a spiritual impulse.

We boil stronger, full of last thirst,

But in the heart there is a secret coldness and longing...

So in autumn the river is more turbulent,

But the raging waves are colder...

This is how Nekrasov describes his last feeling. This is not a philistine passion; only a true fighter was capable of such a gesture. In love, he does not recognize any half-measures, nor conciliation with himself.

The power of feeling causes an enduring interest in Nekrasov's lyrical poems - and these poems, along with poems, provided him with a paramount place in Russian literature for a long time. Now his accusatory satires are outdated, but from Nekrasov's lyrical poems and poems one can compose a volume of highly artistic merit, the significance of which will not die as long as the Russian language is alive.

The theme of the greatness of the Russian people (poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Railway")

Alexey Nikolaevich Nekrasov dedicated his work to the common people. In his works, the poet reveals those problems that were a heavy burden on the shoulders of the working people.

In the poem "Railway" N. A. Nekrasov, with anger and pain, shows how the railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow was built. The railway was built by ordinary Russian people, many of whom lost not only their health, but their very lives in such incredibly hard work. The construction of the railway was headed by the former adjutant of Arakcheev, Count Kleinmikhel, who was distinguished by extreme cruelty and contempt for people of the lower class.

Already in the very epigraph to the poem, Nekrasov determined the theme of the work: the boy asks his father-general: “Daddy! Who built this road? The poem is built in the form of a dialogue between a boy and a random fellow traveler, who reveals to the child the terrible truth about the construction of this railway.

The first part of the poem is lyrical, it is filled with love for the motherland, for the beauty of its unique nature, for its vast expanses, for its peace:

All is well under the moonlight.

Everywhere I recognize my dear Rus' ...

The second part contrasts sharply with the first. Here, terrible pictures of the construction of the road emerge. Fantastic tricks help the author to reveal more deeply the horror of what was happening.

Chu! Terrible exclamations were heard!

Stomp and gnashing of teeth;

A shadow ran over the frosty glass...

What's there? Crowd of the Dead!

Cruelty towards ordinary builders, absolute indifference to their fate is shown very clearly in the poem. This is confirmed by the lines of the poem, in which people who died during the construction told about themselves:

We tore ourselves under the heat, under the cold,

With an eternally bent back,

Lived in dugouts, fought hunger,

Were cold and wet, sick with scurvy.

In the poem, Nekrasov paints a picture that hurts the heart of any kind and compassionate person. At the same time, the poet did not at all seek to arouse pity for the unfortunate builders of the road, his goal is to show the greatness and resilience of the Russian people. The fate of ordinary Russian people employed in construction was very, very difficult, but, nevertheless, each of them contributed to the common cause. Outside the windows of the cozy car, a series of emaciated faces pass, causing a shudder in the soul of a stunned child:

Lips bloodless, eyelids fallen,

Ulcers on skinny arms

Forever knee-deep in water

The legs are swollen; tangle in hair;

Without the labor, strength, skill and patience of ordinary people, the development of civilization would be impossible. In this poem, the very construction of the railway appears not only as a real fact, but also as a symbol of the next achievement of civilization, which is the merit of the working people. The words of the father-general are hypocritical that:

Your Slav, Anglo-Saxon and German

Do not create - destroy the master,

Barbarians! A wild crowd of drunkards!...

No less scary is the final part of the poem. The people receive their "deserved" reward. For suffering, humiliation, illness, hard work, the contractor (“fat, crotchety, red as copper”) gives the workers a barrel of wine and forgives the arrears. Unfortunate people are already satisfied that their torment is over:

The Russian people carried enough

Carried out this railroad -

Will endure whatever the Lord sends!

Will endure everything - and wide, clear