Quiz “Guess the heroes of fairy tales and literary works (using the clues)” Host. Use the clue to guess which hero we are talking about. The fewer clues you use, the more points you get. One clue is 9 points, two clues are 8 points, etc., that is

Quiz “Guess-2” One clue - 5 points, two - 4 points, etc., that is, if five clues are used, then 1 point is awarded.11. From the moment HE was born he knew how to swim.2. HE didn’t like being raised, but he didn’t leave the “educators” in trouble.3. Like all children,

Quiz “Fairytale Alphabet” The quiz can be held as a competition between teams. 15 seconds are allotted to discuss the question, answers are given in writing. Before the game starts, 33 questions are compiled with answers to all letters of the alphabet. The letters J, Ё, ь, Ъ, ы are offered

Quiz game “Round Dance of Fairy Tales” Before starting the game, it is advisable to divide the children into two groups and invite them to prepare a little: come up with a name for the group, draw an emblem, choose a musical epigraph (a phrase or verse of a song), prepare costumes for the heroes,

Quiz “At the Zoo” Options for conducting the quiz.A. If the quiz is not a team one, each participant can choose a card with a question and answer it.B. Team game. Each team is asked to answer a certain number of questions (two teams - 15 each

MBOU "Secondary school No. 15"

urban district city of Salavat

Research

Means of transportation by air in literary works

5a grade student

Scientific adviser:

Davletbaeva Olga Vasilievna,

teacher of Russian language and literature

highest qualification category

Salavat 2014

My research hypothesis: “...could people actually take off without all these “flying” devices?”

Goals and objectives of the study:

1) To analyze the prototypes of which aircraft the fairy-tale and literary “flying” devices became.

2) Create a kind of library of fairy-tale and literary flying heroes.

3) Prepare a series of conversations on this topic for elementary school students, which I could conduct myself.

I. INTRODUCTION

IN
In my research work, I want to talk about some “flying” fairy-tale and literary heroes and their “flying” devices, and I will also try to understand and explain why many literary and fairy-tale heroes flew long before the first human flight into space. Unfortunately, no one knows when a person first raised his head to the sky and noticed its frightening size and at the same time fantastic beauty. We also do not know the time when a person first noticed birds soaring in the air, and the idea of ​​following them arose in his head. Just as any journey, even the longest one, begins with one small step, so the long history of the conquest of airspace began with an ordinary dream. Scientists believe that this happened a very long time ago. And for a long time, man saw only one opportunity to rise to heavenly heights - to become like birds and gain wings.

IN
Unlike most animals, man is given the ability to see a blue sky covered with white, cotton-like clouds, a bright, yellow Sun, and colorfully colored birds fluttering carefree. He couldn't help but take advantage of it. The sky delighted and beckoned. Thus was born a dream, which was first embodied in legends and then became a reality. And yet, some scientists believe that people flew in ancient times. Why did they descend back to earth, having lost their wings? The sky has always been fraught with many mysteries - is humanity, in the 20th century once again taking off to the clouds, destined to solve them? Memories of such flights have undergone some changes over the years and, in a simplified form, have survived to this day in the form of folklore images. In the legends of the northern peoples, the technique of flight was described very simply: a fire was lit from shavings, covered with wet matting, anyone could sit on the matting, and the heat lifted him into the heavens to the Lord God himself. By the way, on the other side of the earth, the aborigines of Oceania have a similar myth about traveling to the heavenly country of their ancestors with the help of a smoke stream: “Iolofat sat on a stream of smoke and rose to Lang” or “a woman entered a smoke column and rose with him to the sky. ..” Perhaps it was precisely this method of aeronautics that served as the prototype for “flying ships”, references to which are found not only in many fairy tales, but also in the myths of the peoples of the world

II . Mythical and fabulous flying heroes of Russian fairy tales

If you carefully study the history of the development of human society, you will notice that each ancient people who inhabited the Earth had their own fairy tales and myths. fic flying heroes. Good and sometimes sacred creatures had wings folded behind their backs and descended to Earth. They were also equipped with terrible dragons that brought evil to people. Every wise wizard had to, first of all, fly. What kind of omnipotent is he if he can’t even fly?.. And since no one yet knew how exactly one could fly for real, people came up with ideas for what they could do. Whatever the inhabitants of the fairy-tale world flew on! In Russian fairy tales, these characters cut through the air either with a fiery feather, or with a heavy snake-gorynych’s body, or with a mortar or a curly horse’s mane. From legend to legend are new, closely intertwining children's fairy tales with ancient and half-forgotten mythology, in which echoes of pagan tribes of farmers, nomads, and warriors are mixed. In Russian fairy tales one can find traces of a variety of cultures of the West and East, North and South. Phoenix bird - also known as the Firebird, a dragon with three heads, winged shoes, more often known as walking boots, a flying carpet. Our glider pilots consider their direct ancestor to be the one who once soared on this magic carpet. The flying carpet was built as a tailless glider, using the latest technology. "What? - said one of the pilots in Crimea, in Koktebel. “If the updrafts are good, you can try it on the carpet, if nothing else is at hand.”

All these creatures and magical attributes created for flight are present in one way or another in almost every fairy tale, thereby creating a cleverly intertwined but integral layer of Russian mythology and culture. It is noteworthy that Most flying characters in Russian fairy tales, unlike European fairy tales, are not the embodiment of a person’s dream of flying. Their ability to fly is not a miracle; you can negotiate with them, catch them, tame them, outwit them, or, in the end, just communicate as equals. On the other hand, among the main characters there are often handsome men and beauties, princes and princesses, who, having “thrown themselves to the ground,” can turn into a dove or a falcon, a sparrow and even a bumblebee.

B Most of the people flew in fairy tales on different brooms. Every real witch had a small broom or broom. The famous Russian witch, Bab Yaga, was the first to replace the broom with a wooden mortar. This apparatus was controlled using a pestle. Baba Yaga is the most popular flying character in Russian fairy tales. He invariably moves through the air in a mortar, often waving a broom. Baba Yaga prefers to spend days and nights in her quaint hut or in the company of Leshy and Kikimora. The appearance of her stupa in a fairy tale, cutting through the sky above the forest, does not, as a rule, promise anything good - the Bone Leg strives to eat all human flesh. But even an old woman can have a problem, and Yaga is by no means devoid of human weaknesses - if you please her, she will open the treasures of her ancient wisdom to the brave hero: she will give you a blade of grass, or she will tell you what and where you can get it in the forest. Baba Yaga, the spirit of the forest, the Russian dashing, a fairy-tale creature that terrifies mere mortals with her truly scary appearance and way of life is an independent magical force that must be reckoned with not because she can fly, but because she simply exists in those magical Russian forests, where sometimes only heroes and fools are carried.

However, some witches also loved to fly on a black goat. It was fun to sit on it backwards and hold on to the goat's tail. Many people in fairy tales showed the wonders of the art of flying on magic
y horses. The famous Ivan the Fool raced on a hot mare. Following the example of the witches, he also sat on his horse backwards. Rolled across the sky to make thunder and lightning prophet Elijah. He had a thundering chariot. When a new aircraft was accepted into the tsarist army, a prayer service to Elijah the Prophet was required. Many other famous and glorious heroes also flew on horses: the Greek Bellerophon rode on the winged horse Pegasus. Son The Sun Phaeton, having climbed onto his father’s chariot, went to shine for the people, but became confused and crashed to pieces.

III . Flying heroes of children's literary fairy tales and stories

After dragons, all sorts of extravaganzas and witches, the ability to fly for heroes and anti-heroes migrated to a more harmless and safe form of children's literary fairy tales. In Western children's fairy tales, flights often appear: Little Muk (W. Gauff) gets shoes that carry him wherever he wants, the Snow Queen (H.H. Andersen) rolls the sick Kai across the sky in her cold sleigh...

However, there are not many characters for whom flying is as natural as walking is for us. However, you can remember several of these magical heroes without specifically re-reading a book of fairy tales. James Barry's Peter Pan is one of the most famous fairy-tale "flyers". This is one of the few characters who flies on his own, without additional magical attributes, and this is as natural to him as breathing air. The boy Peter, visiting the houses of city residents, loses his shadow in one of the rooms, without which he can’t fly away
It's impossible. This chance allows a whole group of children to fly over the city and fairy lands. To make this possible, you just need to lightly shake (as long as you have enough patience) the magical fairy, whose sparkling pollen, barely touching the body, can lift into the air uh anyone. And in order to soar calmly and freely on a summer night over a sleeping city, in addition to a grain of miracle, you only need a little confidence and desire. Break away from everyday life and, trusting in chance and a handsome hero, fly to the country of your loved ones.
dreams and be so free that the forces of gravity will cease to have any significant significance. The character of S. Lagerlöf’s story about the incredible adventures of Nils and the flock of geese also had to fly throughout almost the entire fairy tale. And although here, too, there was some witchcraft that made him a little boy, he still felt much more anxious about flying, clinging to the feathers on the neck of a domestic goose, unaccustomed to flying, and fearing that he would be torn off by a blow of wind or an overly sharp turn. Here, the ability to move through the air is an annoying and very exciting necessity on the way to saving the boy from the spell of the irritated gnome magician. Another thing is Martin the goose, who knew neither the sweet sensation of a long flight nor lands beyond the poultry yard. For him, the opportunity to join a flock of wild geese is the only option for liberation from the routine life of a country bird and the fate of a hot dinner with baked apples and praise to the hostess about her culinary talents. The transformation of the inexperienced and slightly naive Martin into the hero of the wild goose flock is a miracle, probably more important than the ability to fly. That is why the author ultimately leaves a free sky for the birds, and for humans the opportunity to emerge victorious from any incredible situations.

ABOUT However, the most charming flying inhabitant of European fairy tales remains the cheerful Carlson, who, with the light hand of Astrid Lindgren, lives on the roof and who, thanks to talented Russian animators, has become the favorite hero of all children from 4 to 80 years old. Having a small and unburdensome propeller behind him, he is free to roam from floor to floor, looking into the windows from the street, playing pranks here and there, causing a slight mess behind the backs of grumpy nannies and housewives. Cheerfulness, the ability to give joy to others and turn everything into a good joke are completely human qualities, but meeting them in life can be as difficult as a soaring passerby. Carlson's ability to fly is just a consequence of his easy, but by no means frivolous, character. And it doesn’t matter if the engine suddenly malfunctions - just a jar of raspberry jam, and everything will be fine again. Baron Munchausen (E. Raspe) was a good amateur pilot, if you believe his own words. He was a master of all sorts of inventions. Once he made a brave flight on ducks strung in a garland on a string. On another occasion, he managed to break the speed record while flying on a cannonball.

IV . conclusions

After researching this topic and analyzing works of art, I came to the following conclusions. Fairy-tale and literary heroes rise into the air thanks to the amazing imagination of man, thanks to his eternal desire to overcome gravity, rise above everyday life and feel real freedom in order to feel the volume and infinity of the world. That is why they do not need special, smart devices. They fly using the simplest things found in the house. These are: a broom used to sweep the floor or yard, a mortar in which grain was pounded to obtain flour, a carpet used to decorate a home, boots that used to be worn by the richest townspeople, a cart (aka chariot) in which they carried their belongings, a sledge, on which children still ride down the mountain in winter, an umbrella that is used to protect themselves from the rain, a propeller similar to a fan for cooling the air, a balloon that is given for a birthday. That is why the most real domestic and wild animals and birds fly: a horse, a mare, a humpbacked foal, a goat, a deer, a wolf, geese, swans, and ducks. And some fly without even leaving home, like the girl Ellie, and the boy in love Vakula manages to saddle the devil himself. And finally, the “most-most” did not find anything more suitable at hand than an ordinary cannonball. They do not need any preparation, and they are ready to move in space and time and fly as long as a person is able to dream about flight, until one day a person flaps his wings and flies...

Annex 1

Flight device

Koschei the Deathless - the main negative character in Russian fairy tales, whose death is at the end of a needle, which is in an egg, and the egg is in a pike, a pike in a duck, a duck in a falcon, a falcon in a chest, a chest under the roots of an oak tree on Buyan Island. It is with him that the good fellows have to fight before finding their “frog princess”

L flies on its own using its wings through fairy tales of all peoples of the world

Fire-breathing dragon (one or many heads) – the main negative character of many legends of the peoples of Europe

Wings

Baba Yaga lives in most Russian folk tales. He always only threatens to commit a crime, but most often helps good fellows find Elena the Beautiful or Vasilisa the Wise

Broom, mortar

AND
Van Tsarevich, aka Ivan the Fool, the hero of Russian folk tales. Most often, the main slacker, on whom happiness falls “at the behest of a pike”

WITH gray wolf, Little Humpbacked Horse, flying carpet

Witches live in the oral folk art of the peoples of Europe, in Shakespeare's tragedy "Macbeth", in modern children's horror films and fantasy, in Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" They gather at the Sabbath to worship the devil, perform sacrifices, feasts, dances and bacchanals (consultation teacher-mentor)

M Etla

"Daedalus and Icarus" (from the myths of Ancient Greece)

WITH homemade wings.

"Little Muck"

B Ashmak

"The Snow Queen"

L
running sleigh

"Peter Pan"

WITH
on its own, without additional attributes, sprinkled with pollen from the Tinker Bell fairy

"Nils's Wonderful Journey with the Wild Geese"

D some geese

"Mary Poppins"

Umbrella, laughing gas

"Three stories about the Kid and

P propeller

"Winnie the Pooh and everything, everything, everything"

IN balloon

“Dunno in the Sunny City”, “Dunno on the Moon”

IN hot air balloon

«
The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"

U weave, core

Research results

1) I read and analyzed Russian folk tales, fairy tales and legends of the peoples of the world, and works of art by famous children's writers, in which fairy-tale and literary characters fly themselves or with the help of a “flying” device.

2) I compiled an illustrated catalog of flying heroes and their means of transportation and tried to determine the prototype of what kind of modern aircraft this “flying” device could be.

3) Prepared a presentation in Power Point and defended it in class as part of a school-wide ten-day research project.

4) I have prepared an illustrated text booklet that can be used as a visual aid and as a kind of encyclopedia of flying heroes.

5) Made a plan and schedule for conducting conversations on the research topic in elementary school. I conducted them in December 2014 in the 1st and 2nd grades of my school.