OKVED was introduced by the State Committee of the Russian Federation in 2003. If we analyze the abbreviation in more detail, we get that this is the all-Russian classifier of types of economic activity.
The history of this concept is simple, the fact is that after many types of entrepreneurial activity appeared, it became inconvenient to prescribe each, and even with a subspecies.
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Moreover, each legal entity has more than two types registered. Initially, there was another OKOKHN classifier, and OKVED came to replace it. For convenience, each business branch has been assigned a type and subspecies value. Now, when filling out any tax or other documents, it is enough to enter the code, and not remember the correct wording of the classifier.
Code No. 51 has been adopted for wholesale trade. However, trade in motorcycles and cars under this designation is prohibited.
Wholesale trade is the sale of goods in lots or units in large quantities. In addition, with this type of trade, each buyer is identified, which is an important factor for tax reporting.
Thus, we conclude:
As noted earlier, OKVED was approved by a resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation, and was developed by the Ministry of Finance. Thus, today, thanks to him, you can find out about all the activities of the company by looking only at the digital code. Codes fit into all constituent documents.
It should also be noted that the company has the right to conduct activities strictly in accordance with the OVEDs received during registration with the tax office. If the company's services have changed or expanded, you can add the OKVED code to the registration sheet at the tax office.
If we talk about liability for the misuse of OKVED, then according to the law it is not provided for as such. That is, if you are engaged in wholesale trade, which is not indicated in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, then there is nothing to be afraid of.
On the other hand, if you are engaged in the wholesale trade of meat, and the constituent documents include only the wholesale trade of poultry meat, code No. 51.32.2, and not 51.32.12, then you are entitled to an administrative fine in the amount of 5 thousand rubles. At the same time, excuses that you have only recently started selling wholesale poultry meat will not help, because a new designation must be entered within 3 working days from the start of a shift or addition of a new economic activity.
Types of activity in the OKVED classifierIt presents all possible types of activities of the company, all those that are permitted and do not contradict Russian law, namely:
Each section is numbered with a Latin letter. In total there are 17 sections, each of which consists of subsections, there can be from 1 to several dozen. They are necessary to clarify information on the activities of the enterprise.
So, for example, wholesale trade is included in section G, the full name of which is: “wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles, household and personal items”
Further, each section is divided into groups. For example, 51 sections are divided into 5 groups, which, in turn, also have subgroups. Thus, we get that every detail is important here and every number says something.
OKVED groupingsAs already noted, the OKVED code is presented as a set of numbers that mean one or another detail in the company's activities. Such a code may consist of six or fewer digits.
Above, an example has already been presented demonstrating a hierarchical order, however, for clarity, let's imagine the following stake model:
What type or group you need to choose a code - you.
After all, a lot depends on the code itself, namely:
Initially, you need to select one main OKVED code, to which the rest will already be attached. One company can have several OKVED codes at once. It does not require any additional fees, duties and other conditions. In the form "A", when registering a company, the main code is entered on the first page, and then there are 56 free lines for the codes. But this does not mean that a company can only have 57 OKVED codes, because there can be several such sheets, the only question is how much, this is appropriate.
In some cases, in addition to the main package of documents, a certificate of no criminal record is attached. This happens when the activities of the company, that is, the main OKVED, are related to working with children. And then only when registering an IP.
So, in order to select the OKVED code, you should use the following instructions:
And that's all, so we got it that a company that wants to sell large lots of grain must enter the code in the constituent documents - 51.21.1.
Where applicableIn addition to the fact that OKVED is used in such areas of the company's activities as:
Thus, we conclude that a lot depends on the choice of the OKVED code, which means that it is best to consult with a lawyer when registering a company regarding the choice of code.
When choosing an OKVED code, it should be taken into account that, in addition to the general direction, the classification of entrepreneurial activity implies detailing with an indication of the specifics. Below we will describe in more detail about individual sub-clauses and the mechanism for determining the specialization of the OKVED code for wholesale trade.
How wholesale trade OKVED codes are decipheredThe updated OKVED classifier was adopted and put into effect by the Order of Rosstandart No. 14-st dated January 31, 2014. In 2018, some changes were made to the document. Category G corresponds to wholesale and retail trade in OKVED 2018. This category combines all activities related to the wholesale and retail trade in goods of various types without processing (changes in external parameters and physical and chemical properties).
The OKVED wholesale trade code in 2018 is a digital combination that indicates the general direction and clarification on the specialization of the type of activity:
When determining the type of activity in the wholesale trade, a four-digit code must be indicated in the registration documents. If you did not find your narrow specialization in the classifier, you can designate your type of activity with the code 46.90.
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About how many codes you can specify when registering an IP, read
How to choose a specialized OKVED code for wholesale tradeWhen choosing a code and determining a narrow specific type of wholesale trade activity, you need to find section G, class 46 in the classifier. Please note that this class does not include:
- wholesale of cars, vehicles, motorcycles, motor homes;
- wholesale of automotive parts, accessories and supplies;
- rental and leasing of goods of various categories.
Wholesale of motor vehicles of various types, parts and accessories are subject to a separate OKVED class 45, also included in category G. Wholesale class 46 OKVED is divided into subclasses according to the type of main activity, each of which has an even narrower specification.
| class, subclass | Line of business |
| 46,1 | Wholesaling on a fee or contract basis, including the activities of commodity brokers, wholesalers, commission agents, wholesale houses, self-traders and intermediaries. The main indicator is the type of activity, the categories of goods should be viewed in the classification of the section. |
| 46,2 | Wholesale of agricultural products and live animals. The subgroup includes all types of agricultural products - grain, feed, raw tobacco, vegetables, fruits, raw tobacco, meat of animals and birds, eggs, oils and fats, leather, hides, plants, with the exception of textile products. |
| 46,3 | OKVED Wholesale trade in foodstuffs, tobacco products, drinks, including alcoholic products and ethyl alcohol. |
| 46,4 | Wholesale of non-food consumer goods, including textile and haberdashery products. |
| 46,5 | Wholesale of electronic office equipment, computer equipment, components and software. |
| 46,6 | Wholesale trade in equipment, specialized production machines, tools, machine tools, office furniture and machines, excluding computers, vehicles, excluding cars, motorcycles and bicycles. |
| 46,7 | Wholesale trade in other goods that are not included in the group of agricultural and consumer goods. This includes intermediate consumption goods, fuel and fuel products, metal and iron ores, timber, wood raw materials, agrochemical products, waste and scrap. |
| 46,9 | Wholesale of non-specialized goods without specific details. |
Let's give an example of how to determine the OKVED code for the wholesale trade in rolled metal products. Selection algorithm.
Since 2017, in connection with the transition to a new classifier, a new grouping of OKVED codes has been used for retail or wholesale. A detailed list of codes with decryption can be viewed and downloaded in this article.
Starting from January 1, 2017, tax authorities and companies, including wholesale and retail trade organizations, switched to the new Classification of Economic Activities OK 029-2014. The directory was approved by Rosstandart by its order dated January 31, 2014 No. 14-st. True, the codes have changed a long time ago, but they were officially allowed to be used only this year.
This means that each type of wholesale and retail trade now corresponds to a new OKVED code. The inspectors smashed the same codes in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and the EGRIP. Therefore, when registering and re-registering, confirming the type of activity, as well as when compiling reports, organizations and entrepreneurs must now take strictly codes from the new OKVED.
Licensing, tax benefits, and the rate of contributions for injuries depend on the specified code. Also, new codes are a necessary "requisite" for accounting and tax reporting. At the same time, the legislation does not limit the choice of the number of activities. The main rule is the presence of at least one code that will characterize the main type of trade that the company conducts.
Trading activities are the most in demand at the present time. Wholesale and retail trade involves the operation of the sale of the finished product, without changes and improvements that can change the product. But at the same time, such trading may include functions for:
- sorting and ordering goods;
- packing and packing;
- mixing of goods;
- bottling;
- division into small or larger trade parties;
- warehousing for storage;
- and etc.
Each type of trade has its own code. OKVED codes for retail and wholesale trade are enshrined in Section G classifiers, which is called "Wholesale and retail trade; Repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles".
Section G consists of three groups - 45, 46 and 47.
To determine how to search for a suitable type of trade in the directory, we will give a description of the description of each of the three groups.
Grouping trade codes OKVED 2017Sale of new and used cars and motorcycles;
Sale of consumables and spare parts;
Maintenance and repair of motorcycles, cars and trucks.
Activities of agents in the wholesale trade and sale of vehicles (based on commission agreements)
Services (polishing, cleaning, vehicle washing, etc.)
All types of wholesale trade within and outside the Russian Federation (export/import).
The choice of a specific code depends on the type of product, for example, let's select OKVED food trade:
- 46.3 "Wholesale trade in food, drinks and tobacco", then we are looking for the right product - coffee and fruits:
- 46.31
Wholesale trade in fruits and vegetables
- 46.37
Wholesale of coffee, tea, cocoa or spices
All types of retail distribution of new and used goods
OKVED retail trade is divided depending on the place and direction of trade:
Through supermarkets;
- in specialized and non-specialized stores;
- in tents in the market;
- Internet and postal trade (courier delivery).
For example, OKVED trade in building materials should be looked for in the section:
47.5 Retail sale of other household products and in specialized stores.
If your company trades in a wide range of goods and it is difficult to distinguish the predominant group, we use OKVED non-specialized trade:
47.1 Retail trade in non-specialized stores
You can download the updated reference book of OKVED 2017 codes for wholesale and retail trade from the link above.
How to determine the main OKVED for tradeTrading activity is very changeable, it depends on supply and demand, places of sale and the final buyer, these conditions affect the choice of one OKVED as the main one. But one thing remains unchanged - the organization has the right to register many types of activities. Information on codes, both basic and additional, will be recorded in the registers. Then they will be needed to fill out reporting forms.
The main type of trading activity is the direction of trade that brings the organization or individual entrepreneur the greatest income. Since income from different groups of goods or the end customer (wholesale or retail) will have a different share in the total income of the company, the main OKVED will depend on this. The activity with the highest income will be set as the main activity for the current year.
At the beginning of the activity (during registration), the main one is chosen at its discretion. The code for such an activity should describe it as accurately as possible.
The company chooses the main activity for itself at its discretion. The procedure is established in paragraph 9 of the Rules for classifying types of activities as pro-risk. The government approved them by Decree No. 713 of December 1, 2005.
By the way, % of contributions for injuries is tied to the main type of activity. In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Labor No. 851N dated December 30, 2016, each code was assigned a certain rate of contributions for injuries. The logic in the breakdown of codes is the risk of injury or occupational illness for workers, the higher the risk class, the higher the percentage of injuries. The old classification is no longer valid (order No. 625n dated December 25, 2012), it is possible that your codes from the new OKVED have automatically changed the previous injury rate.
Which OKVED to indicate in the reportingOn the title pages of declarations, calculations and information that are submitted to the funds, inspection and statistics in 2017, it is necessary to indicate the code for the new OKVED.
If the organization changes the type of activity or adds new areas of work that were not provided for at the registration stage, it is necessary to submit a notarized application to the inspection:
- form Р14001 - without changes in the charter;
- form P13001 - if changes are made to the charter (along with the application, you must provide a decision on the change and the changes to the charter themselves);
- receipt of payment of state duty 800 rubles.
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In 2019, the last amendment to the OKVED code was made. Thanks to this edition, 1 and 1.1 will be canceled this year, and the look of the second edition is completely different from the previous ones, which introduces some difficulties in paperwork among entrepreneurs.
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The All-Russian classifier of types of economic activity is part of the activities of each individual enterprise, company or organization.
This classifier allows, relatively speaking, to divide companies in accordance with the direction of their services.
Such a system helps to quickly learn about the goods or services provided by the company, as well as determine the main and additional areas and activities.
In fact, OKVED is the main source of information about the company and its legal activities. Until 2015, the first version of the classifier was in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
In 2014, the management decided to make some amendments to this issue and the case was moving towards changing the code in 2014, however
OKVED-2 came into force only in 2015 and is valid until today. The code assigned to a title associated with the revision number of the title. Before that, there were codes 1 and 1.1, which are still in effect.
However, amendments to the old versions of the 2014 classifier should entail the abolition of their functioning and the recognition of only a new version of the code, called OKVED-2. The functioning of the old version will be removed in the current, 2019 year.
General pointsThere are a number of key points related to the OKVED system that you need to know:
| OKVED is a system | Allowing the classification of the activities of companies, organizations, individual and private enterprises |
| The basis for the creation of the system was the system of the European Union (hereinafter EU) | Which is called "Statistical classification of economic activities in the EU", also considered a directory of enterprises, classifying them according to their type of activity |
| Contains 21 sections | Under the name of each letter of the alphabet, respectively. Each of the sections is responsible for a separate branch of activity. Each of them also presents a different number of serial numbers that are responsible for the name of the group of this branch, that is, for its offshoot. For example, section A is called "Agriculture and forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming" and includes groups 01, 02 and 03 with the names "Crop production and animal husbandry", "Forestry and sawmills" and "Fishing" respectively. You can see the full table of sections and groups with decoding of codes and names below. |
| Each group from the section has more than one serial number | However, only the basic names are presented in the main table. Each group with its serial number has a number of sub-items, which include the narrowing of activities and the assignment of a code to each sub-group, up to a six-digit |
The All-Russian classifier of types of economic activity (hereinafter referred to as OKVED) is nothing more than one of the documents from the set of documents of the All-Russian classifiers of technical, economic and social information.
OKVED must be assigned to each opened company, organization or individual enterprise for the full entry of their documents into legal force.
The classifier divides organizations according to their activities. The activity itself according to this system is divided into:
The core activity is the occupation in which the enterprise specializes and in which it, according to its idea, should surpass other competing companies.
An example is a car dealership. Such an institution chooses the sale of cars as its main activity.
Accordingly, ancillary activity is an occupation and provision of services in which an open institution does not specialize.
For example, a car dealership does not always provide repairs, washing or car insurance. Also, the salon is not obliged to sell auto parts, automotive parts, assemblies and accessories.
And because any of this, its owners can choose an additional activity. Which would mean that the salon also provides the above services, but they are not targeted at the main audience attracted for sale.
What is its roleThe role of the classifier can be reduced to several points, which were the purpose of its creation and three editions:
It is necessary to strictly monitor the compliance of the company's documentation with the current legislation.
Getting a code according to the classifier is not the most basic thing to make entries into legal rights and open an organization, company or individual enterprise.
It is important to remember a few things:
| Licensing | There are activities for which you need to obtain a license. In this case, even upon receipt of the classifier code and the correct execution of all documentation, the actions of the company will be considered illegal. Therefore, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the list of activities requiring a license and obtain them before opening an enterprise. Obtaining a code is not obtaining a permit for an activity, but only fixing its presence |
| Organizational and legal form of a legal entity | This definition refers to the name under which your company will be officially registered, since this stage is one of the most important at the time the organization enters into its legal rights. The fact is that each company should be harmoniously compared with the type of its activity and official status. For example, a company of auditors will not become a closed company of shareholders |
From the current year, versions 1 and 1.1 lose their legal force and are no longer valid in the Russian Federation. Accordingly, each company must replace the code of its activity.
This does not require any special efforts, it is enough just to contact the appropriate organization and re-register the document regarding the opening of the company and assigning it an activity code in a particular industry.
If this is not done, the company will be listed as a completely different group with a different focus, which will lead law enforcement agencies to think about illegal activity during the check.
Video: OKVED how many and which ones to choose
For example, the former retail code is 52. And it also has a number of sub-items. However, according to the second edition, in honor of which the serial number was assigned to the current classifier, this industry has code 47 and the corresponding subparagraphs up to 47.99.5.
OKVED in this industry allows you to regulate the activities of official organizations of various sizes: specialized and non-specialized stores, kiosks, stalls, tents, as well as home sales, handing over goods in person, courier delivery, delivery by mail, etc.
Main activitiesThe main activities that appear in the classifier are reduced to the name of the sections, namely:
The table presents the section, group code related to retail and subgroups by main line of business in 2019.
The main areas that are in demand were derived against the background of statistical data regarding the sectors of employment of companies in the Russian Federation for 2019.
The complete list of subgroups with codes contains one hundred items. Also, the table of OKVED of retail trade 2019 with decoding is provided by the official website.
| Section G | Wholesale and retail trade |
| Code | Name |
| 47 | Retail sale of goods other than vehicles of category B |
| 47.1 | Retail trade in stores, without specialization in this type of activity |
| 47.11 | Food, drinks, cigarettes, low alcohol drinks (beer) |
| 47.11.1 | Frozen food |
| 47.11.2 | Fresh food, drinks, cigarettes |
| 47.11.3 | A large number of food, beverages and other food products in stores whose activity in this industry is additional |
| 47.19 | Other trade in stores without specialization (example: stores of household appliances or building materials or timber, where you can buy food, mineral water, etc.) |
| 47.19.1 | Availability of food products in stores whose activities in this industry are complementary |
| 47.19.2 | department stores |
| 47.2 | Trade in food products, cigarettes in specialized stores |
| 47.21 | Fruits and vegetables |
| 47.22 | Meat and offal |
| 47.23 | Fish, crayfish, seafood, canned food |
| 47.24 | Bread and all flour products. Includes cakes and pastries to order |
| 47.25 | Drinks containing alcohol and drinks that do not contain alcohol |
| 47.26 | Cigarettes |
| 47.29 | Eggs, dairy products, oils, cereals, sugar |
| 47.3 | Non-food products, fuels, lubricants and fluids for motorcycles, finishing materials |
| 47.4 | Computers, phones, laptops, personal equipment |
| 47.5 | Household chemicals, clothes, textiles |
| 47.53 | Carpets |
| 47.59 | Furniture |
| 47.6 | Books, newspapers, music, sports equipment, boats, bicycles, tents, toys for children, jewelry |
| 47.7 | Other clothing outside stores |
| 47.72 | Shoes |
| 47.74 | Medical supplies |
| 47.78 | Cosmetics and perfumes, cameras, glasses, souvenirs, gas, weapons |
| 47.79 | Books. Second-use goods |
| 47.8 | Trade in tents, kiosks and other flowers, low-alcohol drinks |
| 47.9 | Via the Internet, at home, using mail services |
| 47.99 | Direct transfer of goods or transfer with the help of agents |
It is worth noting that OKVED for retail trade in non-specialized stores in 2019, that is, OKVED for an additional type of activity, is in the greatest demand this year among stores focused on building materials, household chemicals and other items not related to food.
