In the work "Oblomov" Goncharov touches on the topic of common vices inherent in society in any era: laziness, indifference, unwillingness to change fate for the better.
The author describes Oblomov's childhood in detail so that the reader can understand the reasons that influenced the formation of his weak-willed character. Indecision made him a failure. The writer suggests that such behavior will not lead to a happy and fulfilling life.
Guardianship of relatives
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent a carefree childhood in the village of Oblomovka. In the family estate, he lived not only with his mother and father. In addition to servants, many relatives lived there.
"He's pretty, chubby. Such round cheeks.
Was the only child in the family. The household fed the little boy with all sorts of sweets.
“The whole retinue of the house picked up Ilyushka in their arms, began to shower with praise and affection. He barely had time to wipe the traces of uninvited kisses.
Before the youngest Oblomov had time to wake up, the nanny rushed to him to help him get up and get dressed. Further, the mother hurried to her beloved son from the next room. The woman gave the boy tenderness, excessive care.
“She examined him with a greedy look, checked if her eyes were cloudy, wondered if something hurt.”
The boy understood that all his whims were instantly fulfilled. He turned into the same lazy, indifferent to all manifestations of human life, like those around him. If he tried to do something on his own, then those close to him suppressed all his aspirations.
“As soon as Ilya wants something, he just blinks - three or four lackeys rush to fulfill his desires.”
It was turned into an exotic plant, slowly growing in a greenhouse.
"All manifestations of activity and strength turned inward and withered away."
Sometimes the boy was overcome by an irresistible desire to run away from home, to lose the care of each of the household members. As soon as he went down the stairs, or ran out into the yard, several people were already rushing after him with shouts and prohibitions.
Agility and curiosity
Little Ilya grew up as an active child. When he saw that the adults were busy, he instantly tried to hide from their care.
“He passionately wanted to run up to the gallery surrounding the house to look at the river from a height.”
They caught up with him, and he again tried to slip away to the dovecote, into the ravine, or into the birch forest, where goblin and werewolves could be found. That's what the nurse said. It happened that she spent the whole day in turmoil and running after her pupil.
Oblomov grew up inquisitive.
“He will calm down, sit down near the nanny, look at everything so intently. He observes all the phenomena that take place before him.
He asks her why there is light and darkness, notices that a shadow forms on the ground from a horse harnessed to the reins, compares the sizes, realizing that the barrel is many times larger than the lackey carrying it on a cart.
Going out for a walk outside the yard, while the governess is hiding in the cold, the kid is closely watching the beetles, catching dragonflies, putting them on a straw. He will jump into the ditch, begin to peel the roots, eat them instead of sweet apples.
“Not a single trifle, not a single feature escapes the attention of a child. A picture of domestic life cuts into the soul, imbues the child's mind with examples, unconsciously imposes the program of the child's fate on the life that surrounds him.
The habits of parents and relatives who shaped the character of little Ilya.
In the Oblomov estate, it was believed that the craft did not ennoble a person at all.
“Ilya’s relatives endured labor as a punishment imposed on our forefathers, but they could not love.”
The boy's father preferred only to observe the servants and relatives, ask them about their activities, give instructions. Mother could talk for hours with the lackeys, the tenants of the house. She loved to be in the garden, to watch how the fruits are poured.
"The main concern of the family was the kitchen and dinner."
Everyone gathered together, vigorously discussing the preparation of dishes. This was followed by rest. “The house is quiet. It's time for an afternoon nap." A similar state took possession of everyone. Snoring and snoring could be heard from all corners of the house.
“Ilyusha watched everything.
Rarely does anyone raise their head, look senselessly, turn over in surprise on the other side, spit awake, slurp their lips, fall asleep again. At this time, adults did not care at all that little Ilya could be left completely unattended.
His relatives were always in a carefree mood, they did not strive to improve their life, but rejoiced at what was sent to them. Their lives flowed like a quiet river. If something broke down in the house, collapsed, then rarely was the breakdown repaired. It was easier for people to talk about christenings, weddings, beliefs associated with them. They discussed all kinds of recipes, went to visit, played cards. This lifestyle of loved ones left an indelible mark on the formation of the character and habits of the young Oblomov. Gradually, as the boy grew older, general laziness took possession of him.
Education
Parents believed that learning to read and write is a very exhausting and unnecessary activity. They wanted their son to get his diploma as quickly as possible, without putting much effort into it. At the age of thirteen, "father and mother sat down a spoiler for books." It cost them tears, whims and cries. He was sent to the village of Verkhlevo, to a boarding house.
The son did not have a special zeal for learning. When he came home, he tried, under any pretext, to stay on the estate as long as possible.
“Sad, he came to his mother. She knew why. She secretly sighed about being separated from him for a whole week.
His parents encouraged his every request. They were looking for an excuse for their weak-willed behavior. The reasons why the boy stayed at the manor were varied. The problem for them could be heat or cold, parental Saturday, a holiday, the upcoming preparation of pancakes. Mother and father did not think about the negative features of such an upbringing. Adult Ilya Oblomov will have to face the consequences of excessive parental love more than once.
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Oblomov's education, attitude to economic issues, attitude to education, science
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Ilyusha was brought up in a noble family in the ancestral village of Oblomovka, where life took place according to its own special laws. In Oblomovka, the cult of food, sleep, and complete impeccable calm reigned.
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Oblomov's parents did not give him education for the sake of knowledge. This was done for looks. The parents wanted Ilyusha to somehow get a certificate, but not serious knowledge: they would like to achieve all this somehow cheaper, that is, for example, to study lightly, not to the point of exhaustion of the soul and body, but in such a way as to only comply with the prescribed form and somehow get a certificate in which it would be said that Ilyusha had passed all the sciences and arts.
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Studying at a boarding house Oblomov entered the boarding school. The director of the boarding house was Stolz's father, the German Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz. In this boarding house, Ilyusha Oblomov studied until the age of 15: "... a boy of thirteen or fourteen years old. He already studied in the village of Verkhlev, five versts from Oblomovka, with the local manager, the German Stolz, who started a small boarding school for the children of the surrounding nobles .. ." "... he studied like the others, like everyone else, that is, until the age of fifteen in a boarding school ..."
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Oblomov's attitude to studies was indifferent and even negative. Ilyusha did not want to study. With difficulty and tears, his parents forced him to study at a boarding school: ... There is nothing to do, father and mother put the spoiled Ilyusha behind a book. It was worth the tears, the screams, the whims. At the boarding school, Oblomov studied somehow. His friend, Andrey Stolz, helped Oblomov with the lessons: ... The fact is that Stolz's son spoiled Oblomov, either suggesting lessons to him, or doing translations for him ... "
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Oblomov's parents found excuses not to let Ilyusha go to study with Stolz. Therefore, Oblomov's education in the boarding school was superficial and frivolous: "... tender parents continued to look for excuses to keep their son at home. In winter it seemed cold to them, in the summer it was also not good to go in the heat, and sometimes it would rain, in autumn slush interferes ..."
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Studying at the university After the boarding school, Oblomov went to study in Moscow. Oblomov studied at the university. The text of the novel does not say exactly whether it was a university or a college. But, judging by the subjects studied, Oblomov graduated from Moscow University. At the university, Oblomov also did not like to study. Oblomov taught only what was necessary. He never taught more than was required of him. Oblomov showed no curiosity and no particular interest in the sciences.
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Oblomov's education and knowledge. Oblomov's education gave him a lot of knowledge. But all his knowledge is theoretical. In practice, Oblomov knows nothing. He cannot apply knowledge in life: "... Teaching had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: between science and life, he had a whole abyss that he did not try to cross. His life was by itself, and science by itself .. ." It seems that Oblomov studied a lot and received a decent education. But at the same time, he does not speak French and English well: "... Oblomov is not entirely fluent in French ..."
In the novel "Oblomov" Goncharov for the first time in Russian literature described such a destructive social phenomenon as "Oblomovism", depicting it on the example of the life of the protagonist of the work - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. The author not only showed the negative impact of "Oblomovism" on the fate of Oblomov and the people around him, but also outlined the origins of the phenomenon, which lie in obsolete, based on feudal norms and values, upbringing and education of Oblomov.
Childhood Oblomov
The author acquaints us with Oblomov's childhood and adolescence in the ninth chapter of the first part - "Oblomov's Dream". The hero was born into a classic old landlord family living in a remote picturesque corner - the village of Oblomovka. Little Ilya grew up in an atmosphere of love and excessive guardianship, any of his whims was momentarily fulfilled, any desire was tantamount to law. And if the child tried to independently explore the world, took up some business, then the parents immediately dissuaded him from any manifestations of labor, arguing that there were servants for work. The inhabitants of Oblomovka also did not really like to walk - any activity was alien to them, except for caring for food, love for which was a special cult on the estate. In general, Oblomovka lived in an atmosphere of laziness, idleness, half-asleep boredom and silence, they were not used to working here, and any work was considered a punishment and they tried in every possible way to avoid it. The measured life of the Oblomovites was interrupted only by the change of seasons and rituals - weddings, funerals, birthdays.
The pacifying, quiet nature, whose sleep was not disturbed by either the grandeur of the high mountains, or the violence of the noisy sea, or violent wind storms or downpours, contributed to the perception of little Ilya just such a measured, calm, passive way of life, where someone always does everything for him. the other, without disturbing the tranquility of incessant laziness.
A special place in the upbringing of Oblomov was played by fairy tales and legends that the nanny told little Ilya. Inspiring, fantastic stories about omnipotent heroes ignited the boy's imagination, who began to imagine himself as one of those fabulous, always victorious heroes. And the already adult Oblomov, realizing that the nanny's stories were just fiction, sometimes unconsciously sad that "why is a fairy tale not life, but life is not a fairy tale", he dreamed of beautiful princesses and that distant world where you can lie on the stove until a good wizard will do everything for you.
Oblomov's education
Living in Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich adopted from his relatives the basic science of life - he does not need books and education, as his father and grandfather did not. The repetitive, ritual-based life of the Oblomovites did not require special knowledge, everything that was needed was passed from parents to children from the very cradle. It was in such an atmosphere of complete indifference to new knowledge, seeing them as an optional and unnecessary aspect of human life, that Oblomov's attitude to education was formed. On big holidays or in bad weather, the parents themselves left the boy at home, believing that the school could always wait.
School lessons were a real torment for Ilya, and he just continued to sit there evenly, carefully following the speech of the teacher - in fact, the hero did not understand why he needed all the knowledge given at school, nor when he would need it in life . And the main question that Oblomov asked as a teenager was that if a person must first study for a long time and then work hard - when is he destined to live a full life? It seemed unnatural to Ilya to read many books and learn a lot of new things, for him it was hard and incomprehensible.
However, collections of poetry became the only outlet for Oblomov. From early childhood, sensitive to the beauty of nature, poetic, reflective, Ilya found in poetry ideas and worldview close to him - only poetic terms awakened in his heart the activity and activity inherent in his close friend Andrei Stolz. However, even the most interesting books did not completely capture Ilya Ilyich, he was in no hurry to read them one by one, enriching his mind with new knowledge and discoveries, sometimes being too lazy to finish reading even the first volume, interrupting reading by the need to go to sleep or eat. Even the fact that Oblomov nevertheless graduated from school, and then took a course of science in Moscow, rather speaks of the obedience and lack of will of the hero, who listened to his parents in everything and did not want to independently manage his own destiny. For Ilya Ilyich, it was easier when someone decided everything for him, and it was enough for him only to obey someone else's will.
Conclusion
In the novel Oblomov, Goncharov portrayed the tragic fate of a man whose life drama originates in an incorrect, obsolete upbringing. The active, reflective nature of Oblomov is mired in the swamp of Oblomov's traditions and norms, which literally kill the active principle of the hero's personality.
The problem of Oblomov's upbringing in the novel "Oblomov" does not end with the death of the main character, remaining a sharp stumbling block for the Russian bourgeoisie of the 19th century, who do not want to change the usual, old norms for raising children. Moreover, the question of "Oblomov" education remains open in our time, exposing the destructive influence of overprotective parents on the lives of their children.
Artwork test
Oblomov and Stolz
Stolz - Oblomov's antipode (Principle of antithesis)
The whole figurative system of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is aimed at revealing the character, essence of the protagonist. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a bored gentleman lying on the couch, dreaming of transformations and a happy life with his family, but doing nothing to make dreams come true. The antipode of Oblomov in the novel is the image of Stolz. Andrei Ivanovich Stolz is one of the main characters, a friend of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, the son of Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz, a Russified German who manages an estate in the village of Verkhlev, five miles from Oblomovka. In the first two chapters of the second part there is a detailed account of the life of Stolz, of the conditions in which his active character was formed.
1. Common features:
a) age (“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov and he is already over thirty”);
b) religion;
c) studying at the boarding house of Ivan Stolz in Verkhlev;
d) service and quick retirement;
e) love for Olga Ilyinskaya;
e) kindness to each other.
2. Various features:
A ) portrait;
Oblomov . “He was a man of about thirty-two or three years of age, of medium height, of pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with absence: any definite idea, any concentration in facial features.
«… flabby beyond years: from lack of movement or air. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white color of the neck, small plump hands, soft shoulders seemed too effeminate for a man. His movements, when he was even alarmed, were also restrained softness and laziness not devoid of a kind of grace.
Stolz- the same age as Oblomov, he is already over thirty. The portrait of Sh. contrasts with the portrait of Oblomov: “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle, but no sign of fat roundness ... "
Getting acquainted with the portrait characteristics of this hero, we understand that Stolz is a strong, energetic, purposeful person who is alien to daydreaming. But this almost ideal personality resembles a mechanism, not a living person, and this repels the reader.
b) parents, family;
Oblomov's parents are Russian, he grew up in a patriarchal family.
Stolz - a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). “Stolz was only half German, according to his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian ... ". The mother was afraid that Stolz, under the influence of his father, would become a rude burgher, but the Russian environment of Stolz interfered.
c) education;
Oblomov passed "from embraces to embraces of relatives and friends", his upbringing was of a patriarchal nature.
Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus.”
When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, forced him to work. Then Stoltz began to send his son to the city with instructions, "and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, made a mistake."
Upbringing, like education, was ambivalent: dreaming that a “good bursh” would grow out of his son, the father encouraged boyish fights in every possible way, without which his son could not do a day. If Andrei appeared without a lesson prepared “by heart”, Ivan Bogdanovich sent his son back to where he came from, and every time young Stlz returned with lessons learned.
From his father, he received a “labor, practical education”, and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put a love of art and beauty into the soul of little Andrei. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to work hard, not at all lordly work.
d) attitude towards studying in a boarding house;
Oblomov studied "out of necessity", "serious reading tired him", "but the poets touched ... to the quick"
Stolz always studied well, was interested in everything. And he was a tutor at his father's boarding school
e) further education;
Oblomov lived in Oblomovka until the age of twenty, then graduated from the university.
Stolz Brilliantly graduated from the university. Parting with his father, sending him from Verkhlev to St. Petersburg, Stolz. says that he will certainly fulfill his father's advice and go to an old friend of Ivan Bogdanovich Reingold - but only when he, Stolz, has a four-story house, like Reinhold. Such autonomy and independence, as well as self-confidence. - the basis of the character and worldview of the younger Stolz, which his father so ardently supports and which Oblomov lacks so much.
f) lifestyle;
“Lying at Ilya Ilyich’s was his normal state”
Stolz has a thirst for action
g) housekeeping;
Oblomov did not do business in the village, received an insignificant income and lived in debt.
Stolz serves with success, retires to pursue his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia.
h) life aspirations;
Oblomov, in his youth, "prepared for the field", thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded social activities from his dreams, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends.
Stoltz, chose an active principle in his youth ... Stoltz's ideal of life is unceasing and meaningful work, it is "the image, content, element and purpose of life."
i) views on society;
Oblomov believes that all members of the world and society are “dead, sleeping people”, they are characterized by insincerity, envy, a desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means, he is not a supporter of progressive forms of housekeeping.
According to Stolz, with the help of the construction of “schools”, “marinas”, “fairs”, “highways”, the old, patriarchal “fragments” should turn into well-maintained estates that generate income.
j) attitude towards Olga;
Oblomov wanted to see a loving woman who could create a serene family life.
Stolz marries Olga Ilyinskaya, and Goncharov tries in their active alliance, full of work and beauty, to imagine an ideal family, a true ideal that Oblomov fails to achieve: “worked together, had lunch, went to the fields, played music< …>as Oblomov also dreamed ... Only there was no drowsiness, despondency with them, they spent their days without boredom and without apathy; there was no languid look, no word; the conversation did not end with them, it was often hot.
k) relationship and mutual influence;
Oblomov considered Stolz his only friend, able to understand and help, he listened to his advice, but Stoltz failed to break Oblomovism.
Stolz highly valued the kindness and sincerity of the soul of his friend Oblomov. Stolz is doing everything to awaken Oblomov to activity. In friendship with Oblomov Stolz. also turned out to be on top: he replaced the rogue manager, destroyed the intrigues of Tarantiev and Mukhoyarov, who tricked Oblomov into signing a fake loan letter.
Oblomov is accustomed to living at the behest of Stolz in the smallest matters, he needs the advice of a friend. Without Stolz, Ilya Ilyich cannot decide on anything, however, and Oblomov is in no hurry to follow the advice of Stolz: their concept of life, work, and application of forces is too different.
After the death of Ilya Ilyich, a friend takes on the upbringing of Oblomov's son, Andryusha, named after him.
m) self-esteem ;
Oblomov constantly doubted himself. Stolz never doubts himself.
m) character traits ;
Oblomov is inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, soft, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences.
Stolz is active, sharp, practical, accurate, loves comfort, open in spiritual manifestations, reason prevails over feeling. Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream". Happiness for him was constancy. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive ...".
The meaning of the images of Oblomov and Stolz.
Goncharov reflected in Oblomov the typical features of the patriarchal nobility. Oblomov absorbed the contradictory features of the Russian national character.
Stolz in Goncharov's novel was assigned the role of a person who could break Oblomovism and revive the hero. According to critics, the vagueness of Goncharov's idea of the role of "new people" in society led to the unconvincing image of Stolz. As conceived by Goncharov, Stolz is a new type of Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stoltz was, what he achieved. Showing the Parisian life of Stolz with Olga, Goncharov wants to reveal the breadth of his views, but in fact reduces the hero
So, the image of Stolz in the novel not only clarifies the image of Oblomov, but is also interesting to readers for its originality and the complete opposite of the main character. Dobrolyubov says about him: “He is not the person who can, in a language understandable to the Russian soul, tell us this almighty word “forward!” Dobrolyubov, like all revolutionary democrats, saw the ideal of a "man of action" in serving the people, in the revolutionary struggle. Stoltz is far from this ideal. However, next to Oblomov and Oblomovism, Stolz was still a progressive phenomenon.
June 19, 2015I.A. Goncharov wrote amazing novels that were relevant to the writer's contemporaries and remain so in our time. One of Goncharov's most famous works is the novel Oblomov, named after the protagonist. In the novel, Goncharov considers a special type of people, of which Oblomov is a representative, as well as the attitude of the hero to different aspects of life. The work shows Oblomov's attitude to education, career and family.
Oblomov's upbringing
Character traits of a person, his habits or habits - all this comes from the family and, accordingly, depends on upbringing. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, who lives on Gorokhovaya Street, practically never leaves his house. He is still quite young - he is only 32 years old, but Ilya Ilyich suffers from his passivity and apathy. He is not interested in anything.
The hero received his education in Oblomovka (his village), so Oblomov's attitude to education is as follows: he believed that it was useless. Thinking activity, memorizing something only tired and put poor Ilyusha to sleep. Oblomov's parents allowed him to do everything: sleep as much as he wanted, eat heartily, be lazy and mess around. Ilya Ilyich left Oblomovka, his parents died, but his views remained the same.
You can recall one detail that says a lot - this is the invariability of Oblomov's dressing gown. He always walks in a dressing gown and at the end of his life, when the hero is sick, and Stolz and Olga come to visit him, the first thing they notice is Agafya Pshenitsyna, who is repairing Oblomov's dressing gown.
We also note that Oblomov is the result of a noble education.
Stolz's upbringing
The upbringing and education of Oblomov is fundamentally different from the life of Stolz. The active, lively Stolz was educated abroad and constantly strived for self-improvement, be it the humanities or technical sciences.
Stolz was brought up by ambitious parents, but not too rich. From his father "inherited" Stoltz received a love for work, from his mother - for art. Thus, Stolz's attitude to life is not a bit like Oblomov's attitude. Stoltz treated education with reverence and respect.
Comparative characteristics of heroes
So, we found out that Oblomov in the work of Goncharov is radically opposed to Stolz. Stolz came from a poor German family, Oblomov is a hereditary nobleman. Stolz is looking for a woman equal in her views and inner strength; Oblomov needs a woman who can provide him with maternal care and love. Recall the short romance of Oblomov and Olga: initially he was doomed, but Ilya Ilyich's connection with Agafya Pshenitsyna found a future.
Oblomov's attitude to education is not the best - he hardly learned to read and write, and that was enough for him. Stolz, on the other hand, received some skills at home (he was taught by his father), and then went to conquer the university.
The fate of Stolz and Oblomov
In the life of Oblomov, at some point, enlightenment frowned. This is the appearance in his life of Olga. For a while, Oblomov was unrecognizable! However, after Oblomov did not want to go on a date with Olga, because "the bridges were shaky", the reader understands that Olga's work on the character of Ilya Ilyich is a waste of time.
Oblomov settles in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna, they have a child. Oblomov dies, and his life remains unremarkable and dull.
Stolz has a completely different life. He marries Olga, they take Andryusha, Oblomov's son, to be brought up, they travel a lot.
Thus, the reader sees how the upbringing and education of Stolz and Oblomov influenced their future life. Oblomov remained, if not physically, then in his dreams in his beloved village of Oblomovka, and Stolz began to build a new, own life.
Source: fb.ruActual
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